UM Digos College

Department of Criminal Justice Education

Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRONT PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

UM VISION, MISSION & VALUES 3

DEPARTMENT OBJECTIVES & PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES 4

STUDENT OUTCOMES 5

LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINES 6-7

INTRODUCTION 8

Laboratory No. 1: Methods of Detecting Deception 9-11

Laboratory No. 2: Definition of Terms 12-16
Laboratory No. 3: General Uses of Polygraph 17-18
Laboratory No. 4: Changes Recorded by The Polygraph 19-20
Laboratory No. 5: Parts and Functions of The Analog
Polygraph 21-23
Laboratory No. 6: Major Components of The Polygraph 24-25
Laboratory No. 7: Comparing the Analog Vs. Digital Polygraph 26-27
Laboratory No. 8: Personalities in The Development
of Polygraph 28-29
Laboratory No. 9: Legal Status of Polygraph in The Philippines 30-31
Laboratory No. 10: Question Formulation 32-33
Laboratory No. 11: Ideal Polygraph Examination Room 34-35
Laboratory No. 12: Phases In The Conduct Of Polygraph
Examination 36-37

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

VISION

By 2022, a globally recognized institution providing quality, affordable , and

open education.

MISSION

Provide a dynamic and supportive academic environment through the

highest standards of instruction , research and extension committed to
democratizing access to education.

CORE VALUES

Excellence
We are committed to world class customer service and quality as we excel
for the mutual success of our stakeholders. We ensure that our product and
services are on par with the global standards to ensure its responsiveness
and impact on our stakeholders and the community.

Honesty and Integrity

Our organization establishes utmost trust and ensures transparency in
dealing with our stakeholder. We practice accountability in all of our
undertaking especially those that involve our stakeholders. Professionalism is
at the core of our thrusts as an academic institution.

INNOVATION
We always think outside the box to be prime service to our stakeholders. We
do this by continuously introducing new programs as value added benefits to
our clients.

Teamwork
We believe in the concept the "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
We value the collective effort of every stakeholder through synergy,
cooperation, collaboration, and 'espirit de corps' as it is integral to the
success of the institution.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

DEPARTMENT OBJECTIVES:

The College of Criminology aims to produce:

1. Professionally capable and technically competent criminologists, particularly in

the field of law enforcement service specifically in crime suppression and
prevention.
2. Empathetic, ethically upright, just and responsible correction officers who
are specialized in rehabilitation, reformation, and transformation of offenders.

3. Physically fit criminologists through rigid training exercises in self-defense,

first-aid and water safety survival; marksmanship; and in defensive - offensive
driving.
4. Socially cognizant criminologists through dynamic and active involvement in
programs and projects that preserve the national heritage;

5. Socially aware Criminologists in projects that foster effective public safety

and actively engaging in the outreach projects of the university and
stakeholders.
6. Criminologists who consistently across in the advancement of scientific and
technical innovations in forensic investigation and public safety through research
and studies.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES

After five years, the Criminology graduates will be able to:

1. Demonstrate professional & technical competence in the practice of the
profession.
2. Exhibit honesty, integrity and professionalism in the performance of
duties and responsibilities.
3. Professional development programs through graduate work, technical
advancement, and self-directed learning.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

STUDENT OUTCOME

Upon completion of the program, the University of Mindanao Digos College

Criminology students will:
1. Articulate and discuss the latest developments in the specific field of practice
(PQF level 6 descriptor);
2. Effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino;
3. Work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multicultural teams
(PQF level 6 descriptor);
4. Act in recognition of professional, social and ethical responsibility;
5. Preserve and promote "Filipino historical and cultural heritage" (based on RA
7722);
6. Conduct criminological research on crimes, crime causation, victims, and
offenders to include deviant behavior;
7. Utilize criminalistics or forensic science in the investigation and detection of
crime;
8. Apply the principles and jurisprudence of criminal law, evidence and criminal
procedure;
9. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in law enforcement
administration, public safety and criminal justice;
10. Ensure offenders' welfare and development for their re-integration to the
community and
11. Internalize the concepts of human rights and victim welfare

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINES

General

1. The use of the laboratory facility must be maximized. Concentration and efficiency
are to be maintained when performing experiments.
2. The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be used during the
conduct of experiments inside the Laboratory. The practice will protect the students
and their choices from corrosive liquids that might accidentally spill during the
laboratory work.
3. Working tables must be cleared of books, bags and other things before
performing the experiment.
4. Playing, eating, drinking, smoking and other undesirable acts are strictly
prohibited inside the laboratory.
5. The student must quickly inform the Teacher when accident occurs.
6. Liquid and solid wastes shall not be discarded in the laboratory sink, instead,
these materials must be disposed in separate containers.

7. Glass wares shall be washed, cleaned and dried after using.

8. Working tables shall be cleaned and dried after each use.
9. Gas outlets and lights shall be shut off when the laboratory room is not in use.

10. Silence shall be observed at all times inside the laboratory.

Handling of Biological Specimen

1. Pets or dangerous animals are strictly prohibited inside the laboratory unless the
laboratory unless required for special laboratory experiments. Animals to be used for
study must be properly confined and their food provision must be properly observed.
These animals must not be subject to unnecessary pain or discomfort.

2. Proper hand washing shall be practiced after handling animals.

3. Aquariums, terrariums and other life cultures inside the laboratory shall not be
disturbed. Plants must be provided with proper illumination, soil and moisture.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Housekeeping standards
1. Drawers and cabinet doors must be kept closed. Electrical cord must be
properly kept or laid to avoid tripping hazards.
2. Aisles must be cleared of obstacles such as boxes, chemical containers, and
other storage items.
3. Promptly clean up surfaces with spilled liquids and keep the floor free from
loose apparatus such as string rods, stoppers, and other hazards.

4. Pathways to an ex4 or service door, safety equipment, safety shower (in any)
or fire extinguisher must be free from any form of blockage.

5. Chemicals, equipment, apparatus must be properly stored and labeled.

Chemicals with required storage temperature must be monitored to ensure its

effectiveness.
6. The work area must be kept clean and tidy after every use.
7. Laboratory tables and benches must be kept clear of equipment or materials
except those necessary for the experiment currently performed.

8. The Laboratory Staff should prepare the laboratory prior to any maintenance
services. Objects which may interfere with the work of the maintenance personnel
should be removed.

Training and Supervision

1. The Laboratory Staff should undergo periodic laboratory safety trainings.

2. The Laboratory Custodian should coordinate with the University Safety Team
in the conduct of periodic emergency evaluation drills.
3. The Laboratory Custodian should conduct safety orientation every term for a
Laboratory Course Instructors and Staff.
4. The Laboratory Course Instructor should conduct safety orientation on Laboratory
Safety Guidelines and Emergency Evacuation Plan to students during the 1st day of
classes.
5. The Laboratory Course Teacher should supervise the conduct of experiments to
avoid accidents.
6. The Laboratory Custodian, STA's, Instructors and students should maintain
housekeeping inside the laboratory especially during experiments.

7. In case of medical emergency, laboratory staff should apply first-aid, then

endorse case to the clinic for proper medical treatment.
8. The Laboratory Custodian and STA's should ensure the availability of emergency
unexpired medical supplies in the First-Aid Kit, as applicable.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

INTRODUCTION

The Polygraph (Lie Detector) is a scientific instrument capable of recording

simultaneously recording changes in several physiological variables while the
subject is asked a series of questions pertainin to a specific issue under
investigation. The charts generated during the polygraph examination are interpreted
by a polygraph examiner.

This Polygraph Laboratory Manual serves as a reference guide to criminology

students to become familiar with the general policies, procedures guidelines,
techniques, and methodologies used by a polygraph examiner. It also contains
activties which are important in developing the knowledge and skills of students the
significance of polygraph examination in criminal investigation.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 1

METHODS OF DETECTING DECEPTION

I. OVERVIEW
From the ancient times, people developed techniques to help them in
ascertaining the veracity of statements of persons accused of committing
wrongdoins. As time evolved, other methods were introduced. Yet, it should be
emphasized that not all of these techniques in detecting deception are based on
sound scientific principle. Thus, it is important for the students to have clear
understanding on what should be considered as scientific and which is not.

II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To familiarize students on the different methods of detecting
deception;
2. To acquaint students on how these methods can detect deception;
and
3. To enable students to research on the legal status of these methods.
III.PROCEDURES
The methods of detecting deception are already provided. Explain how
these various methods are used in detecting deception. Furthermore, include
court decisions on the admissibility of these techniques as cour evidence. (Use
additional sheets if necessary)

A. Ancient Methods
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

B. Observation Methods
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C. Hypnotism
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D. Word Association Test
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E. Narco-Hypnosis and Narcoanalysis (TRUTH ERUM)
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F. Intoxication
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

G. Psychological Stress Evaluation

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H. Brain Wave Fingerprinting

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I. Polygraph Test Technique
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IV. REFLECTION
Write a brief article concerning your comments or views on the above
methods of detecting deception.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ____________

Professor: __________________________________ Code: _____________
Date: _______________________________________

Activity 2

DEFINITION OF TERMS
I. OVERVIEW
In the study of polygraphy, it is important for students to
understand common terminologies used in the subject. This enables them
to appreciate better polygraphy and likewise prepare them in the advance
study of the subject.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To show familiarity on the common terminologies
encountered study of Polygraphy, and
2. To explain clearly the concepts and theory of polygraphy.

III.PROCEDURES

Select at least 25 terminologies commonly used in the study of

Polygraphy and define each team briefly. Be sure to memorize and
understand these terms.

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3. ______________________________________________________
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

19. ______________________________________________________
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25. ______________________________________________________
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

IV. REFLECTION
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 3

GENERAL USE OF POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
Although the Polygraph instrument was developed originally to be used
in criminal investigations, it has evolved today to braden its uses in
various areas.

II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To discuss the several uses of polygrph instruments;
2. To appreciate the importance of polygraph not only to criminal
investigations but to another field of uses as well; and
3. To allow students to choose their future career as Polygraph
practitioners.
III. PROCEUDRES
Identify four important uses of Polygraph instrument and explain each
use briefly.
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2. ___________________________________________________________
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3. ___________________________________________________________
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

4. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_____________________________

IV. REFLECTION
Of the different uses of Polygraph, which do you think is the most
important use? Why?

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 4

CHANGES RECORDED BY THE POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
As basis for detecting deception, the Polygraph records certain
changes in the body of the subject during examination. These changes will
be interpreted the Polygraph examiner to establish the absence or
presence of deception. ON the other hand, the number of bodily changes
record differs from each Polygraph instrument used. Most analog
Polygraph detects three changes but Digital or Computerized Polygraph
can record six or more of these changes.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To show familiarity with the psycho-physiological changes
recorded by the Analog Polygraph;
2. To identify the location or arrangement of these bodily changes in
the paper chart; and
3. To differentiate the Polygraph components that detects or record
bodily changes.
III. PROCEDURES
Identify the three (3) psycho-physiological changes that occur to the
subject during examination using Analog Polygraph. IN addition, be sure to
name the Polygraph components that are used to record each of these
changes.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL
No. POLYGRAPH COMPONENTS
CHANGES

IV. REFLECTION
Write your comments on the reliability of the bodily changes occurring
during Polygraph examinations as indications of deception.
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________________________________________

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 5

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ANALOG POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
The Analog Polygraph is composed of different parts which have
specific functions. It should also be emphasized that the parts of the
Polygraph may slightly vary depending on the model or manufacturer of
the Polygraph instrument.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives.
1. To display familiarity with the parts of the Polygraphy: and
2. To explain the functions of these parts.
III.PROCEDURES
Below is an Ambassador Model, Lafayette made Polygraph.
Name all its parts and five its function or uses.

Parts Functions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

9.

10.

11.

12.

13..

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

IV. REFLECTION
Write comments or observations on the activity that you
have just performed.
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 6

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
The Polygraph has major components which either function as
responsible in detecting psycho-physiological changes occurring within the
subject or important in the operation of the Polygraph. Therefore, students
should be familiar on these components including their functions.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To differentiate the major components of the Polygraph; and
2. To explain the functions of these components.
III.PROCEDURES
Idenfity and draw the four (4) major components of the Analog
Polygraph. More importantly, explain the functions or uses of these
components.

COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

IV. REFLECETION
Write a short article on what you have learned after performing the activity.
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 7

COMPARING THE ANALOG VS. DIGITAL POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
The advent of technological advancement has resulted in
the development of what is known toady as computerized or digital
polygraph. Until recently, polygraph examiners have relied on the
conventional or analogue type of instrument. Today, the uses of
digital polygraph are becoming popular and various studies were
conducted on the pros and cons of using one over the other.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To display familiarity with the advantages and
disadvatages of one type of polygraph over the other; and
2. To decide on what type of polygraph is more accurate
and reliable in detecting deception.
III. PROCEDURES
Make a comparison between the analog and the digital
polygraph by indentifyin gall their advatages and
disadvantages.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
ue
Analog
Polygraph
Digital
Polygraph

IV. REFLECTION
Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each type
of polygraph, write an article on which polygraph do you think is more
accurate and reliable.
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Lie Detection Techniques 27
 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 8

PERSONALITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYGRAPH

I. OVERVIEW
The development of the Polygraph instrument is the result of many
studies conducted by different personalities. Thus, the invention of Polygraph
can’t be attributed to a single person. In reality, most major components of the
Polygraph were originally intended for medical fields, like the cardiograph and
Galvano graph. In addition, the several physiological changes recorded by the
Polygraph were studied by different persons.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives.
1. To identify the different persons who developed the
Polygraph; and
2. To determine the contributions of these persons in detecting
deception
III. PROCEDURES
Look for at least 12 persons who contributed in the development
of Polygraph or in the study on deception detection. Write the specific
contributions of these persons.

Personalites Contributions

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Telefax: (082)553-2914

10

IV. REFLECTION
Who is the Father of Polygraph? Why was he given such
distinction?
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 9

LEGAL STATUS OF POLYGRAPH IN THE PHILIPPINES

I. OVERVIEW
Around the world, only the United States admits Polygraph
results as evidence upon stipulation in 19 out of 50 states. This is so far as
criminal case is concern. The trial judge is given the discretion on the
admissibility issue. In some countries (Europe, Australia, Canada, Isarale,
etc.). Their respective courts struck decisions denying the introduction of
Polygraph testimony in their courts. Likewise, the Philippines Supreme
court rendered several decisions on the admissibility issues of Polygraph
in criminal cases. Hence, it is imperative to understand these decisions.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To determine the legal status of Polygraph in the Philippines
when used in criminal cases; and
2. To analyze these decisions and relate it to their function as
polygraph examiner.
III. PROCEDURES
The following are the criminal cases promulgated by the Supreme
Court on the admissibility issue of Polygraph examination. Provide a concise
summary on each of the decisions rendered by the court.

CASES DECISIONS

1 People v. Daniel
(G.R> No. L-40330 Nov. 20, 1978)

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

2 People v. Adoviso, 309 SCRA 1 (1999)

3 People v. Reanzares G.R. No.

130656, 29 June 2000

4 People v. Carpo, g.R. No. 132676,

4 April 2001

IV. REFLECTION
Do you agree with the Supreme Court’s decision? Why? Provide
conclusions on the admissibility of the Polygraph result as a court evidence.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 10

QUESTION FORMULATION
I. OVERVIEW
In polygraph examination, the correctness of questions to be
administered is very important. A question serves as the stimulus to the
subject. Improperly or wrongly constructed questions will resulrt to
inaccurate responses from the subject as well as unreliable conslusions.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To show proficiency in formulating questions using
recommended technique; and
2. To show awareness on the rules in formulation questions.
III.PROCEDURES
Formulate a sample test questions using the technique
recommended by your professor. (E,g. Reid CQT Question, Utah PLT
Single-Issue, Integrated zone Comparison Technique, Backster Zone
Comparison, Quadri-Zone Comparison, etc.). Be sure to observe genaral
rules on formulation question
Test Technique: ________________________________________________
Type of Question Question
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

IV. REFLECTION
Do you agree with the Supreme Court’s decision? Why? Provide
Conclusions on the admissibility of the Polygraph result as a court evidence.
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CRI 328/L
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 11

IDEAL POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION ROOM

I. OVERVIEW
The Polygraph examination should be conducted in an
appropriate environment. This is for the reason that the surrounding can
effect the outcome of the examination. Hence, conducting examination in a
conducive place will help enhance the reliability of the result.

II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To display familiarity with an ideal polygraph examination
room; and
2. To describe the characteristics of an examination room.
III.PROCEDURES
Draw or sketch an ideal Polygraph examination rom. Be sure to
label your drawing.

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CRI 328/L
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

IV. REFLECTION
Do you agree that the kind of place where the polygraph
examination is done affects the conduct of the test? Why?
______________________________________________________________
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_____________

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CRI 328/L
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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

Name: ____________________________________ Score: ___________

Professor: ________________________________ Code: ___________
Date: _____________________________________

Activity 12

PHASES IN THE CONDUCT OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

I. OVERVIEW
There are several preparations before, during and after the
conduct of the Polygraph examination. These are done to ensure the
systematic conduct of the test. Likewise, each of these phases provides
the necessary activities the examiner will perform before proceeding to
the next steps.
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to attain the following objectives:
1. To discuss the phases to be observed during the conduct of
Polygraph examination; and
2. To apply the different phases during the actual conduct of
examination.
III. PROCEDURES
Enumerate chronological order the four (4) phases in the
conduct of Polygraph examination. List all the activities in each of the
phases that an examiner should perform.

Phases Activities (In bullet form)

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

IV. REFLECTION
Explain why an examiner should follow the phases in the
conduct of Polygraph examination.

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 UM Digos College
Department of Criminal Justice Education
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Telefax: (082)553-2914

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