0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

40 150 160 170 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
A A A A

B B B B

C C C C

D D D D

E E E E

F F F F

G G G G

H H H H

I I I I

J J J J

K K K K

L L L L

M M M M

N N N N

O O O O

P P P P

Q Q Q Q

R R R R

S S S S

T T T T

U U U U

V V V V

W W W W

X X X X

Y Y Y Y

Z Z Z Z

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

(a) (b)
Figure 13. Repetitive marks caused by the magenta charging roller (circumference 45mm). (a) To identify the defect, the inter-
val of the repetitive marks must be measured with the horizontal rulers. (b) Here, the fact that the defective mark appears at the
same position in each divided section indicates that the source of the defect is the magenta charging roller.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
A A A A

B B B B

C C C C

D D D D

E E E E

F F F F

G G G G

H H H H

I I I I

J J J J

K K K K

L L L L

M M M M

N N N N

O O O O

P P P P

Q Q Q Q

R R R R

S S S S

T T T T

U U U U

V V V V

W W W W

X X X X

Y Y Y Y

Z Z Z Z

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

(a) (b)
Figure 14. The ghosting defect can be attributed to one of two possible sources by identifying the column in which the ghost
occurs. (a) Ghosting defect shown in the third column, and (b) ghosting defect shown in the fourth column.

Test Block for Color Plane Registration (CPR) a color plane is displaced. Figure 15(a) shows a series of
Levien developed a registration mark by overprint- test units identified by numbers ranging from –5 to 5.
ing two screened patches which have slightly different Each unit contains several horizontal lines, and is di-
scr ee n fr eq ue nc ie s sho win g a mo ire patt er n. 15 vided into two parts. The left half consists of black lines
Misregistration in any direction results in a moire pat- only, and the right half has both black lines and ma-
tern that is different from that observed when the genta lines. Except for the unit 0, the magenta lines in
screens are properly registered. He also designed marks the right part of each unit are deliberately displaced by
which use a line pattern showing misregistration in ei- n , where n is an integer and is the increment of dis-
ther the vertical or horizontal direction. placement. If there is no CPR problem, the magenta
We develop a test feature for color plane registration lines in unit 0 will be completely covered by the black
that uses overlapping line patterns to assess how much lines so that the left and right parts of each unit will

440 Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ® Jang, et al.