Binomial Expansions - II

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 Learning Objectives

 Questions based on Binomial Coefficients.

 Relationship between binomial coefficients.
 How to find the greatest coefficient.
 Coefficient of a given power of x.
 How to solve a given expression using the
binomial expansion.

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1. If c0 , c1 , c2,…… ,cn denote the coefficients in the
expansion of (1+x)n then find the value of ∑ r cr ,
Where, r=1,2,…n.

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2. If c0 , c1 , c2,…… ,cn denote the coefficients in the
expansion of (1+x)n then find the value of ∑ (r+1) cr,
Where, r=0,1,2,…n.

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3. If c0 , c1 , c2,…… ,cn denote the coefficients in the
expansion of (1+x)n then find the value of
ac0 + (a+b)c1 + (a+2b)c2 +…… + (a+nb)cn

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4. If c0 , c1 , c2,…… ,cn denote the coefficients in the
expansion of (1+x)n then find the value of
[(c1/c0) + (2 c2 / c1) + ( 3 c3 / c2)+ ….+(ncn/cn-1)].

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The greatest coefficient depending upon
whether n is even or odd.
n
i.e. if n is even, the greatest coefficient is cn/2
and if n is odd, the greatest coefficient is
n
C n 1 or nC n 1
2 2

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5. Find the largest coefficient in the expansion of
20
(1 + x)

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6. Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of
2 5 4
(1 + x ) (1 + x)

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7. Evaluate [ (x/a)1/2 - (a/x)1/2]6

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Class Exercise – I from PDF

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8. Solve [ (x+1)1/2 + (x-1)1/2]6 + [ (x+1)1/2 - (x-1)1/2]6

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9. Find the coefficient of x10 in (2x2 – 1/x)20

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10. Find the coefficient of x-15 in (3x2 – a/3x3)10

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11. Find the coefficient of x9 in (2x2 – 1/x)20

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12. If the coefficients of x7 and x-7 are equal in
2 11 2 11
(ax + 1/bx) and (ax - 1/bx ) respectively then find
ab.

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13. Find the coefficient of x-1in (x2 + 1/x)12

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 5 10
14. Find the value of  C r
r 0

1. 210
9 10
2. 2 - c5
9
3. 2
4. None of these

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Class Exercise – II from PDF

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 5 11
15. Find the value of  Cr
r 0

1. 211
10
2. 2
5
3. 2
4. None of these

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 n
Find the value of  (1)
r n
16. cr
r 0

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. None of these

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17. If c0, c1, c2, …………….cn denote the binomial
n
coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) then find the
n
value of c0 - c1 + c2 - c3 …………….+ (-1) cn

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. None of these

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18. The largest coefficient in the expansion of (1+x)28 is
28
1. c15
2. 28c14
28
3. c0
28
4. c28

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19. The largest coefficient in the expansion of (1+x)31 is
31
1. c15
2. 31c16
3. Both (1) & (2)
3. None of these

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 20
 1 
20. Find the greatest term in the expansion of 1  2 
 
20
1. c8
20
c8
2.
16
3. 20c7 (16)
4. None of these

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 Test Prep Simplified….

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 Answer key
Q. no Key Q. no Key
1. n 2n-1 11. not possible
2. (n+2) 2n-1 12. 1
3. (b n + 2a)2n-1 13. not possible
4. n(n+1)/2 14. 4th option
20
5. C10 15. 2nd option
6. 60 16. 1st option
7. = (x/a)3- 17. 1st option
6(x/a)2+15x/a-
20+15a/x-
6(a/x)2+(a/x)3
8. 16x [4x2 -3] 18. 2nd option
20
9. C10 210 19. 3rd option
40 7
10. 
27
a 20. 2nd option
 Explanation
Q. Explanation
No.
1. (1+x)n = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 +……+cn xn
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get,
n(1+x)n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 x +……+n cn xn-1
put x = 1,
n 2n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 +……+ n cn
2. (1+x)n = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 +……+cn xn
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get,
n(1+x)n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 x +……+n cn xn-1
put x = 1,
n 2n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 +……+ n cn …..(i)
Also, put x = 1 in,
(1+x)n = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 +……+cn xn , we get:
(2)n = c0 + c1 + c2 +……+cn …..(ii)
adding (i) and (ii) we get:
c0 + 2c1 + 3c2 +……+ (n+1) cn = (n+2) 2n-1
3. (1+x)n = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 +……+cn xn
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get,
n(1+x)n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 x +……+n cn xn-1
put x = 1,
n 2n-1 = c1 + 2 c2 +……+ n cn …..(i)
Also, put x = 1 in,
(1+x)n = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 +……+cn xn , we get:
(2)n = c0 + c1 + c2 +……+cn …..(ii)
Now b(i) + a(ii) gives:
b n 2n-1 + a 2n= b (c1 + 2 c2 +……+ n cn) + a (c0 + c1 + c2 +……+cn)
(b n + 2a)2n-1 = ac0 + (a+b)c1 + (a+2b)c2 +…… + (a+nb)cn

4. c0 = 1, c1 = n, c2 = n(n-1)/2,….. cn = 1.
So, [ (c1/c0) + (2 c2 / c1) + ( 3 c3 / c2)+ ….+(ncn/cn-1)] = n + (n-1) + (n-2) + …..+1 =
n(n+1)/2
5. 11th term
20
C10 (1)10 (x)10
= 20C10
6. (1+ x2)5 (1+x)4
(5C0+ 5C1 x2 + 5C2 x4 + 5C3x6 + …………..) (4C0 + 4C1 x+4C2 x2 +4C3 x3+ 4C4 x4 )
= 5C24C1 + 5C14C3
 5! 5  4!
 4
2! 3! 3! 1!
= 40 + 20 = 60
6
7.  x
 
a

 a x 
 
6 5 4 2
 x  x  a  x  a
 6C0    6C1 

 
 a 
  6C 2 

 
 a 


 a     x     x 
3 3 2 4 5 0 6
 x  a  x  a  x  a  x  a
 6C3   
 
  6C 4 

 
 a 
  6C5 

 
 a 
  6C6 

 
 a 


 a   x     x    x     x 
= (x/a)3-6(x/a)2+15x/a-20+15a/x-6(a/x)2+(a/x)3
8.  x  1  x  1   x  1  x  1
6 6

6 6
   
=  a b    a b 
   
   
= 6C0 (a)6 + 6C1 a5b + 6C2 a4b2 + 6C3a3b3 + ………….+ 6C6b6 + 6C0 a6 - 6C1 a5 b +
6
C2 a4b2 – 6C3a3b3+ …………+ 6C6b6
=2 [6C0 a6 + 6C2 a4b2 + 6C4 a2b4 + 6C6b6]
=2[a6 + 15 a4 b2 + 15a2 b4 + b6]
= 2[(x + 1)3 + 15(x+1)2 (x-1) + 15 (x + 1) (x-1)2 + (x - 1)3]
= (x3 + 1 +3x2 + 3x + 15 (x2 + 1 + 2x) (x-1) + 15(x2 + 1 -2x) (x+1) + x3 -1 + 3x -
3x2]
= 2[2x3 + 6x + 15x3 + 15x + 30x2 - 15x2 - 15 - 30x + 15x3 + 15x - 30 x2 + 15x2 +
15 - 30x]
 = 2[32x3 - 24x] = 16x [4x2 -3] r
 1
9. 20
Cr (2x2)20-r  40 - 2r - r = 10   
 x

 30 = 3r
 r = 10 10
 1
20   
C10 (2x2)10  x 
So, 20C10 210 is the coefficient r
 a 
10. 10 Cr (3x2)10-r   3x   20 - 2r -3r = -15 3

5r= 35
r=7
a7 40 7
 10 C7  a
81 27
r
11. 20 2 20  r   1 
C r (2 x )  
 x 
40 -2r - r = 9
31 = 3r
Not possible
12. Consider
 11
 2 1
 ax  
 bx 
r
11 2 11 r  1
Cr (ax )  
 bx 
22 - 2r - r = 7
15 = 3r
r=5
Consider
11
 1 
 ax  
 bx 2 
r
11 11-r  1 
Cr (ax)   
 bx 2 
11-r - 2r = -7
18 = 3r
r=6
So, we have,
a6 a5
11
C5  C6
11
b5 b6
11
C6
ab  11
C5
11! 5! 6!
ab  1
6! 5! 11!
ab  1
13. 12 2 12-r  1  r
Cr (x )  
 x
24 - 2r - r = -1
25 = 3r is Not possible.
14. (1+1)10 = 210 = 10c0 + 10c1 + 10c2 + ….. + 10c10
210 = 2[10c0 + 10c1 + 10c2 + 10c3 + 10c4]+10c5
⇒ 10c0+ 10c1+ ….. 10c5 = 2 2 C5 10 C5
10 10

= 29 + 1/2 10c5
15. Consider (1+1)11 = 211
= 11c0 + 11c1 +11c2 + ……………. + 11c11
= 2 [11c0 + 11c1+11c2 +11c3+11c4 +11c5]
=> 11c0 + 11c1+………..+ 11c5 = 211/2 = 210.
16. (1-1)n = nc0 (-1)0 + nc1 (-1)1 + nc2 (-1)2 +………….. ncn (-1)n
n
⇒ nc0 - nc1 + nc2 …………… + (-1)n ncn =  (1)r ncr =0
r 0
n 2 n
17. (1 + x) = c0 + c1 x + c2 x +……..+ cn x
Put x = -1
(1 - 1)n = c0 - c1 + c2 - c3 ……..+ (-1)n cn = 0
18. The number of terms = 29 and the largest coefficient is of the 15th term which is
28
c14.
19. The number of terms = 32 and the largest coefficient is of the terms 16th and 17th
terms i.e. 31c15 and 31c16, both being equal.
20.  1 
r

Tr+1 = (r+1)th term = 20cr  2 

 
r 1
 1 
Tr = rth term = 20cr-1  
 2
 1 
20
c r  
Tr 1  2  (20  r  1) 21  r
  
Tr 20
c r 1 r 2 r 2
Tr+1 ≥ Tr ⇒ 21-r ≥ r√2
21
⇒ r + r√2 ≤ 21 ⇒ r ≤
1 2
⇒ r ≤ 21(√2 - 1) ⇒ r ≤ 8.69
T1 ≥ T0 ; T2 ≥ T1, ………….. ,T9 ≥ T8
=> T9 ≥ T8 ≥ T7 ≥ T6 ≥ ………. ≥ T2 ≥ T1 ≥ T0
and T10 < T9, T11 < T10, ……… ,T21 < T20
⇒ T9 > T10 > T11 ……… > T20
8
 1 
⇒ T9 is the greatest term = 20c8  
 2
 1
20
= c8  
 16 