The electrolysis of aluminium oxide is an expensive process that requires a large amount of energy both to supply electricity and melt the cryolite. Aluminium is recycled despite abundant aluminium oxide reserves because recycling requires less energy than the electrolytic extraction process and avoids pollution from disposal of scrap aluminium. Titanium cannot be extracted from its oxide via electrolysis or reaction with carbon due to its covalent nature. Its extraction involves multiple conversion and reduction steps using chloride and requires an inert argon atmosphere due to the reactivity of titanium.
The electrolysis of aluminium oxide is an expensive process that requires a large amount of energy both to supply electricity and melt the cryolite. Aluminium is recycled despite abundant aluminium oxide reserves because recycling requires less energy than the electrolytic extraction process and avoids pollution from disposal of scrap aluminium. Titanium cannot be extracted from its oxide via electrolysis or reaction with carbon due to its covalent nature. Its extraction involves multiple conversion and reduction steps using chloride and requires an inert argon atmosphere due to the reactivity of titanium.
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The electrolysis of aluminium oxide is an expensive process that requires a large amount of energy both to supply electricity and melt the cryolite. Aluminium is recycled despite abundant aluminium oxide reserves because recycling requires less energy than the electrolytic extraction process and avoids pollution from disposal of scrap aluminium. Titanium cannot be extracted from its oxide via electrolysis or reaction with carbon due to its covalent nature. Its extraction involves multiple conversion and reduction steps using chloride and requires an inert argon atmosphere due to the reactivity of titanium.
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5.Explain why the anodes need to be regularly replaced.
The graphite reacts with oxygen at the anode.
6. Explain why the elctrolysis of aluminium oxide is expensive.
a large amount of energy is required to supply electricity for the electrolysis and to melt the cryolite
7. Explain why aluminium is recycled although aluminium oxide is
in plentiful supply. ( 3 marks )
Expensive electrolysis or lots of electricity needed to
extract Al (from Al2O3) (1) Recycling Al from scrap means only heat needed or requires less energy (1) Pollution by either no need to dispose of Al scrap (e.g. by landfill) or less extraction of Al2O3, less holes or less red mud waste or A1 or fluoride or cryolite toxicity/health risk (1) Aluminium oxide is a non-renewable source. Do not allow cheaper or less expensive 3
8. State two essential conditions used for the electrolytic extraction
of aluminium from aluminium oxide.
Molten ( 1 mark ) cryolite , Na3AlF6 (1 mark )
9. Name two impurities contained in bauxite ( aluminium oxide )
i) Silicon (IV) oxide ii) Iron (III) oxide 9. Explain why titanium dioxide cannot be reduced by electrolysis. Titanium dioxide is not ionic / is a covalent compound - does not contain mobile / free-moving ions.
10. Explain why titanium dioxide cannot be reduced by reaction
with carbon (give an equation). it forms titanium carbide and not pure titanium
11. Explain how titanium dioxide is converted into its chloride (give an equation).
12. Describe two ways in which titanium tetrachloride is reduced to
titanium (give two equations).
13. Explain why an atmosphere of argon is required in the
reduction process.
14. Explain why this process is so expensive.
15. Write an equation to show how titanium is extracted from its
oxide and give the main hazard associated with this process. 16. Give the three main problems normally associated with recycling.