Petroleum Technology

Overview
Shayma Hamza
Lecturer in Petrochemical Engineering
Duhok Polytechnic University
Course Information

• Course name: Petrolum Technology

• Course code:
• Level: UG2
• Lecturer: Shayma Hamza (Office)
• Lecturer contact: Shayma.hamza90@gmail.com
Course Contents

• Origin of petroleum
• Petroleum geological concepts (Petroleum traps and lithology types)
• Basics of exploration techniques
• Basic concepts of drilling engineering
• Basics of formation evaluation
• Basics concepts of reservoir engineering
• Well design and completion
• Basics of reservoir performance
• Basic concepts of production engineering
Teaching and Self Study Plans

• Two hours of lectures each week, supported by PDF or PowerPoint presentations and student notes available on Moodle
• Self-study of minimum four hours per week is required
• Contact hours with lecturer will be one hour per week

Useful References and Sources

• James W. Amyx, Daniel M. Bass and Robert L. Whiting., 1988.

Petroleum Reservoir Engineering: Physical Properties. McGraw-Hill.

• B. C. Craft and M. F. Hawkins., 1991. Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. Second Edition Revised by Ronald E. Terry.
Prentice-Hall.

• R., J., 2016. Introduction to Petroleum Engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

What is Petroleum Technology?

• A field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or
natural gas.
• Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which
focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs

What is Petroleum Technology?

Figure-1: Production system
Activities of Petroleum Industry
• Oil, gas, and water are contained in the pore space of reservoir rock.
• The accumulation of hydrocarbons in rock is a reservoir.
• Reservoir fluids include the fluids originally contained in the reservoir as well as fluids that may be introduced as part of the
reservoir management program.

• Wells are needed to extract fluids from the reservoir.

• Each well must be drilled and completed so that fluids can flow from the reservoir to the surface.
• Well performance in the reservoir depends on the properties of the reservoir rock, the interaction between the rock and fluids, and
fluid properties.

• Well performance also depends on several other properties such as the properties of the fluid flowing through the well; the well
length, cross section, and trajectory; and type of completion.
Activities of Petroleum Industry
• The connection between the well and the reservoir is achieved by completing the well so fluid can flow from reservoir rock into the
well.

• Surface equipment is used to drill, complete, and operate wells

(Drilling rigs)

• Separators are used to separate produced fluids into different phases for transport to storage and processing facilities.
• Transportation of produced fluids occurs by such means as pipelines, tanker trucks, double‐hulled tankers, and liquefied natural
gas transport ships.

• Refined hydrocarbons are used for a variety of purposes, such as natural gas for utilities, gasoline and diesel fuel for transportation,
and asphalt for paving.
Production Profile

Figure-2: Typical production profile

Production Stages

Figure-2: Production stages

Origin of Petroleum

Figure-3: Origin of oil

Composition of Hydrocarbons

Figure-4: Composition of hydrocarbons

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Figure-5: Types of hydrocarbons

Traps

• First, a source rock for the hydrocarbon must be present where hydrocarbons are formed
• Second, a permeable flow path known as carrier rock must exist from the source rock to the reservoir rock.
• Third, a trap is needed to hold the hydrocarbon.
• The trap is a structure that is called the reservoir.
• Rock is considered reservoir rock if fluids can be confined in a volume of rock and fluids can be produced from the rock at economic
flow rates.
Formation and Migration of Oil to Reservoir

Figure-6: Reservoir system

Petroleum Reservoir

Figure-7: Petroleum reservoir

Reservoir Rocks

Figure-7: Types of reservoir rocks

Types of Petroleum Engineers

• Reservoir engineer.
• Production engineer.
• Drilling engineer.
Activities of Reservoir Engineers

The activities of reservoir engineering fall into the following three general categories:

• Reserves Estimation (Geophysical, Log analysis, Laboratory)

• Development Planning
• Production Operations Optimization
Reservoir Engineers

Figure-8: Reservoir engineering

Drilling Engineers

Figure-9: Drilling engineering

Production Engineers

Figure-10: Production engineering

Some Useful Websites

• American Petroleum Institute www.api.org

• One Petro www.onepetro.org
• Oil filed glossary www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com