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Introduction: Counters Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters
Introduction: Counters Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters
J Q0 J Q1
Output of one flip-flop is connected to the clock CLK C
Q0
C
input of the next more-significant flip-flop. K K
FF0 FF1
HIGH CLK 1 2 3 4
Q0 J Q1
J Q0
CLK C C
Q0
K K Q0 0 1 0 1 0
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CLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q0
Q0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Q1
Q1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Q2
tPHL (CLK to Q0) tPHL (CLK to Q0)
Q2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 tPLH (Q0 to Q1) tPHL (Q0 to Q1)
tPLH
(CLK to Q0) tPLH (Q1 to Q2)
Recycles back to 0
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Asyn. Counters with MOD no. < 2n Asyn. Counters with MOD no. < 2n
Example (cont’d): Example (cont’d): Counting sequence of
C
Q J
B
Q J
A
Q J
circuit (in CBA order).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
All J, K CLK CLK CLK Clock
inputs are Q K Q K Q K A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
CLR CLR CLR
1 (HIGH). 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
B
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
B C
C NAND 1
Output 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Clock MOD-6 counter 111 000
produced by clearing Temporary 001
A state
(a MOD-8 binary Counter is a MOD-6
B 110
counter) when count 010 counter.
C of six (110) occurs.
NAND 1 101 011
Output 0 100
Asyn. Counters with MOD no. < 2n Asyn. Counters with MOD no. < 2n
Exercise: How to construct an asynchronous MOD- Decade counters (or BCD counters) are counters
5 counter? MOD-7 counter? MOD-12 counter? with 10 states (modulus-10) in their sequence.
They are commonly used in daily life (e.g.: utility
Question: The following is a MOD-? counter? meters, odometers, etc.).
F E D C B A
Design an asynchronous decade counter.
Q J Q J Q J Q J Q J Q J
(A.C)'
Q K Q K Q K Q K Q K Q K
CLR CLR CLR CLR CLR CLR HIGH
D C B A
J Q J Q J Q J Q
C CLK C C C C
D K K K K
E All J = K = 1. CLR CLR CLR CLR
F
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1
Q2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
J
Q0 J Q1 J 3-bit binary
Clock Q Q Q
CLK C C C up counter
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 K
Q' K Q' K Q'
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Q0 Q1 Q2 3-bit binary
J J J
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Q Q Q
CLK C C C down counter
NAND K
Q' K Q' K Q'
output
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A0 A0 A0
TA2 = A1.A0 TA1 = A0 TA0 = 1
A0 A1 A2 A3
As a result, if T flip-flops are used, then J
C
Q J
C
Q J
C
Q J
C
Q
CLK
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CLK
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1 T T T Q2
Q Q Q
Up C C C
Q' Q' Q'
CLK
8
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