Booklet Level 4 - 2021 RM

2021
4
SCOPE AND CONTENT
UNIT 1. FUTURE
LESSON TITLE VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING
1a. Plans And Unknown words Robot Will vs. Be Going Life in an Italian Town
Promises Teachers To
Expression for Present

1b. Making Inviting Mardi Gras Festival
accepting or Continuous for
Arrangements People
rejecting arrangements
1c. Future Plans and Goals Life Goals Future in use Life Goals and Plans
Tenses in action
UNIT 2. PROBABILITIES AND POSSIBILITIES
Digital
2a. Digital Family habits May, Might, Will Tara’s Email
Habits Relationship across
generations
Must, Have To,
Covid 19:
2b. Do And Covid-19 Need To Healthy
Do And
Don’ts
Don’ts
2c. Possibility
Video Games -------- Tenses in use Video Games are not
and obligation
only for Entertainment
in action
UNIT 3. ADJECTIVES
3a. Applying For Job Interview Getting a Intensifiers 1 A Job Interview

Jobs job
A
3b. Let’s Live! Article Question Intensifiers 2 Intensifiers in a Job Interview
Vocabulary of time
or mind
These
Movies: Genres Movies Adverbs of An interview with a
3c. Movies and Adjectives were Manner movie Director
poorly
made
UNIT 4. PERFECT TENSES
LESSON VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

TITLE
Present
4a. Keep
Traveling The Old Perfect:
calm and
Experiences Colonel Affirmative Traveling Alone
enjoy your
and
experience
Negative
The
4b. We have Present
Article experiences Listening Lab: Present Perfect Tense
not had vital Perfect:
Vocabulary of Jack
dreams Questions
Forrester
Video: Yet,
4c. Yet, Still, Situations Yet, Already, Adverbs in context
Already,
Just, Just, Still
Just
Already
UNIT 5. TENSES
5a. Search Search Engines Google Present Perfect Painting

Engines Vs. Simple Past
5b. They are

ready, aren’t Tag Questions Tag Tag Questions Video
they? Questions
FUTURE Unit 1
Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
describe possibilities plans
and accept or reject an
invitation.
Learning outcome:
 Inferring from
context
 Producing piece of
writing.
 Making
arrangements
 Accepting invitation
 Rejecting invitations
 Listening for specific
and general
information
 Mentioning plans
 Making predictions
 Reading for specific
information
UNIT 1: FUTURE
Lesson 1A. Plans and promises
A. Warm up
Reading
Read the text about “Robot Teachers”
ROBOT TEACHERS
If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would
probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list. It's
easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but
some jobs need human connection and creativity. But are we
underestimating what robots can do? In some cases, they
already perform better than doctors at diagnosing illness.
Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing
personal information with a machine than a person. Could
there be a place for robots in education after all?
British education expert Anthony seldom thinks so, and he even has a date for the robot
takeover of the classroom: 2027. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring
information and teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent robots will read students´ faces,
movements and maybe even brain signals. Then they will adapt the information to each student.
It's not a popular opinion and its unlikely robots will ever have empathy and the ability to really
connect with humans like another human can.
One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some parts of the
world, there aren't enough teachers and 9–16 percent of children under the age of 14 don't go to
school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere and won't
get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job.
Those negative aspects of teaching are something everyone agrees on. Teachers all over the world
are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not “Will
robots replace teachers?” but “How can robots help teachers?” Office workers can use software to
do things like organize and answer emails, arrange meetings and update calendars. Teachers
waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking
homework. If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports,
teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.
Reading comprehension
Read the text and choose the best option (T) for true and (F) for false
F 1. None jobs seem to be done much better by robots than human beings.
F 2. Anthony thinks in 20 years robots will replace to teachers in classrooms
totally.
3. Some people disagree that robots will never feel empathy towards human T
beings.
4. One of the benefits of robot teachers is that they are not leaving jobs for a better T
salary. F
5. Robot assistants will help teachers by doing teaching work
1
Answer the following questions with your personal opinion:
1. Do you think that it is possible for a robot to replace a teacher´s role completely?
Why? Why not?
They could do it, but it wouldn't be the same. A teacher transmits emotions to teach,
something a robot will not do.
2. Would you like to have a robot as teacher or as a teacher´s assistant? Why? Why not?
No, I prefer a human teacher, because he/she will teach me much better.
B. VOCABULARY
Label the pictures with one of the words in the box below.
Robot cleaners Factory worker Overworked Diagnosing Brain
1.
Robot cleaners Brain Diagnosing
2.
Overworked 3. 4. Factory worker 5.
Match each word with its right definition.
Update D a. Poor health.

IllnessA b. The ability to produce original, imaginative ideas, solutions, or
the like.
Higher –Paid Job C c. To receive a big income or salary for the work you do.
Empathy E d. I ncorporate new information in or for.
Creativity B e. The ability to identify another's feelings, thoughts, etc., as
if they were one's own.
Fill in the spaces in the text below with words from the vocabulary section
Illnesses Empathy Creativity Brains Overworked Factory workers
Many companies around the world are worried about 1 creativity . It is

considered as an ability to do something differently. Nowadays, many workers are enrolling
in courses to activate a special side in their 2 Factory workers ; since it is well known that
people have two hemispheres, the logical and the creative ones.
However, employees think that companies have to worry about their worker´s health. Some
3 overworked are diagnosed with 4 illnesses such as stress,
headache, and fever. They agree that it is caused because they have more and more work
every day, so they feel 5 brains . Hence, workers ask companies to have
more 6 empathy and consider their needs, too.
2
C. GRAMMAR: WILL VS BE GOING TO
WILL BE GOING TO
1. Certainty about the future 1. Intentions and future plans. When the decision has
Elma will pass this level; she has been made previously.
the highest scores of the class. Sheila is going to be a ballerina; she is studying at
I won´t go out tonight, I have to do a lot Royal Academy of Dance.
of homework. We are going to start our diet with an easy veggie
2. Decisions taking at the moment. recipe.
It is so hot! I will have a shower.
Look at over there! There is a piece of cake. 2. Making predictions when there is evidence about what
I will have it! is going to happen.
3. Promises Michelle is the best student in the class. She is going
I swear, I will never forget your to pass this course easily.
birthday again! Look at that lightning on the sky! It is going to
She promises, she won´t be late again! rain tonight.
4. Making predictions.
Will / won’t is used when are
guessing about the future.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES: BE GOING TO

Read the exercise carefully and fill in the spaces with the correct form of “Be going to” affirmative,
negative, interrogative form.
a. My parents are going to take some photos of my wedding this weekend. (take)
b. They aren't going to order a barbecue because they are vegetarians. (order)
c. My colleagues aren't going to play soccer tomorrow, they are going to play chess. (play)
d. Philip is going to take a summer job because he needs some extra money for buying
his new cellphone (take).
e. Are you going to phone me tonight? (phone)
f. Where is Peter going to study next summer? (study)
g. What time are they going to arrive at the airport? (arrive)
h. Melany is going to buy a new skirt for the party because she got one from her sister. (buy)
i. My sister and I are going to help you with the baby tonight. You don’t need to worry about it.
(help)
j. Jack is going to work out a lot tonight. He is trying to be healthy again. (work out)
k. Are you going to prepare something special for my birthday? (prepare)
l. Sylvia is going to share _her cookies with anybody. Unfortunately, she is not so
generous. (share)
m. Are they going to leave _the country? B: I don’t know. I think. It will be tomorrow morning
(leave).
n. Is Claire going to take part of the competition? (take)
o. I am going to spend my holiday abroad. I don’t have enough money. (spend)
p. How long is she going to wait for his answer?
(wait) She said she is going to stay there until midnight.
(stay)
q. What are they going to do after those terrible test results. (do)
3
GRAMMAR EXERCISES: WILL/WON´T
Write the correct form of will, there are affirmative, negative or interrogative forms.
a. You (earn)won't earn a lot of money in that business. I think you are wasting your time.
b. I am sure, they (travel) will travel to Italy this summer. They called the travel agency to
organize the trip.
c. I am in such an interesting meeting. I am sure I (learn) will learn a lot from my boss.
d. I don’t think she (have) will have problems at remembering her tasks, because she is
very responsible with her job.
e. Will you (pick up) pick up my sister at the airport? B: sure, at 7 pm!
f. Don’t worry! I (bring) will bring it for you!
g. I want to try new flavors. I (have) will have some Thai food.
h. A: I really need a hand to move this box! B: We (help) will help to carry it!
Put the verbs into the correct form of will.

Jim asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:
will earn
a. You (earn) a lot of money.
will travel
b. You (travel) around the world.
will meet
c. You (meet) lots of interesting people.
will adore
d. Everybody (adore) you.
won't have
e. You (not / have) any problems.
will serve
f. Many people (serve) you.
will anticipate
g. They (anticipate) your wishes.
won't be
h. There (not / be) anything left to wish for.
will be
i. Everything (be) perfect.
will only happen
j. But all these things (happen / only) if you marry me.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES: WILL VS. BE GOING TO

Read the conversation below and indicate which is the application of the grammatical rule
regarding the usage in the following underlined sentences.
LANDFILL SITE NEAR OUR CITADEL
Sam Look at the news! (1) The city council is going to move the landfill to an area near
our citadel.
Caroline What? Oh, no! (2) That will be terrible! (3) There will be a lot of trash and rats
near this area.
Sam You are right! And (4) It is going to affect our health. (5) It will be a disaster
for us! We need to do something!
Caroline Well, (6) I am going to arrange a meeting with our neighbors. I am sure, (7) they
Won´t be happy with that decision.
Sam You are right! Also, we can go to talk with the mayor about our problem.
4
Caroline 8) I will help you! His secretary is my friend. She can help us to get an
appointment.
Sam Great! We can also call to the news and start an online campaign on Facebook.
(9)They are going to have a fight on their hands!
Caroline (10) I will get my phone and we can start calling our neighbors
1. Intentions and future plans.

3. Certainty about the future
4. Making predictions when there is evidence 5.
Making prediction
6. Intentions and future plans.
7. Certainty about the future
9. Making predictions when there is evidence
10._Decisions taking at the moment.
Read the following statements carefully and write the correct “will or be going to”
form next to each verb.
a. Sara: We don’t have any fruits in our

refrigerator. Jimmy: I know, I forgot buying wil get some fruits
l
them yesterday. I from the supermarket.
b. Sara: Why do you need my bags?
Jimmy: Because I am going to visit my grandma in London next month.
I bought the tickets yesterday.
c. Sara: It is really hot there! Jimmy: I will turn on the air conditioner.
d. Sara: What are your plans after finishing high school?
Jimmy: I am going to work as a volunteer in a non-profit organization
in Venezuela. I will leave this March19th.
e. Mary: Lucy, the phone is ringing! I will get it!
f. Waitress: Are you ready to order?
Customer: Yes, I will have the chicken and spinach.
g. Susan is going to study English in the future.
h. Look at Paul! He wil get on the bus.
l
i. Wow, the clouds are so dark! will rain.
It
j. Susan: I don’t have my phone. Phil: that´s ok. I will lend you mine.
k. It´s Julia´s birthday next week., So I am going to buy her some flowers.
l. Will you lend me 100 dollars? I promise I will pay it back to you tomorrow.
m. We are going to have a barbecue tomorrow. I hope it won´t rain.
n. Lee: Jim is starting university tomorrow. Richard: Really! is he going to study?
What
5
o. Emma: It`s very hot here! Carla: I will open the door!
p. Look the bus! It is going to leave. We need to run so fast to get it.
6
D. WRITING
Think about how do you think the future will be worldwide, write some predictions. You
have to use “Will and Be going to” appropriately. The composition must be done in 90-100
words in length.
E. SPEAKING
Share the ideas you wrote in the previous exercise.
F. LISTENING
Listen to the dialogue about LIFE IN SARDINIA and choose the right option, T (true) or F (false) for
each statement (Track 1).
1. David McClain is traveling around the world because he wants to

know why women live longer than men. F
2. David McClain is working on the island of Sardinia in Italy
to study centenarian people. T
3. According to David, women live longer than men in Sardinia. F
4. According to David, men have less responsibilities as they
7
get older. T
5. In Sardinia, the older father or grandfather has more
authority than any other person in their family. F
6. In Sardinia, some younger people have a sedentary lifestyle. T
Retrieved from: LIFE 3, unit 5.
8
Lesson 1B. MAKING ARRANGEMENTS
A. WARM-UP
READING
ARRANGE A PARTY
Sue: Hello?
Kate: Hi. Is that Sue?
Sue Yes, speaking
Kate: Hi, Sue. It’s
Kate.
Sue: Oh hi Kate. How are you?
Kate: Fine. What about you?
Sue: Yeah, fine. Can’t
complain.
Kate: Sue, are you doing anything on Saturday night?
Sue: Saturday? Err… let me see. Yes, I am, actually. I’m going for a
meal with Mike.
Kate: Oh I see. We’re having a party, you see.
Sue: Oh right. Well, I could come after we’ve had dinner. We’ll be
finished by about ten.
Kate: That would be great. You’ll bring Mike, of course.
Sue: Yes, sure. I’m sure he’d love to come.
Kate: Oh good. Well, I’ll see you on Saturday then. You know how to
get here?
Sue: Yes, I know the way. I’ll bring a wine bottle.
Kate: That would be great. See you, then.
Reading comprehension
Read the text above and write the right answers in complete sentences.
1. Who is giving a party?

Kate is giving a party. _
2. When is the party holding?
The party is holding on Saturday. _
3. What time is Mike finishing his dinner with Sue?
They are finishing their dinner at 10 pm _
4. What is Sue taking to the party?
Sue is taking a wine bottle. _
5. Are Sue and Mike going to the party?
Yes, The are going to the party. _
9
B. VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONS TO MAKE ARRANGEMENTS, ACEPTING OR REJECTING
Inviting
1. Let’s fix up a meeting
2. Are you free on Friday?
3. How about we head out for
a (drink/beer)
Accepting Rejecting
1. Sorry, I’ve already got something on
1. That sounds great
2. I won’t be able to make it
2. I couldn't agree with you more.
3. I’m tied up
3. That's so true.
4. Something’s just come up
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
Use the expression above to fill in the spaces in the conversations.
Conversation 1.
Sue Hello?
Katie Hi, It´s Katie.
Sue Oh Hi Katie, How are you doing?
Katie Not bad. Hey, (1) Let’s fix up a meeting with
the guys from the human resources guys.
Sue (2) That sounds great ! Are you free on Friday?
Katie I can´t. (3) I’m tied up .
Sue Oh, How about we head out for a drink tonight?
Katie sure! That's so true. !
Conversation 2.
Sue Katie, Did you finish your presentation about this month sales?
Katie I couldn´t. The manager didn´t provide me the sales record.
Sue What! (4) Let’s fix up a meeting with him.
Katie That´s a good idea. I just need some information to complete the
sales charts.
Sue Part of his responsibility is to provide that information as soon as
possible.
Katie (5) I couldn't agree with you more !
Kevin Hey ladies, (6) How about we head out for some drinks tonight?
Katie Sorry, I’ve already got something on . I have to finish the report.
10
C. GRAMMAR: PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ARRANGEMENTS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ARRANGEMENTS

To talk about future arrangements.
A future arrangement is a plan that you have decided and organized with another
person.
Sometimes the arrangement is between a person and a group of people, or
an organization or company.
Example:
I'm spending Christmas and New Year with my mom and dad.
We're meeting Susan at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
Read the sentences and fill in the spaces with the right form of the verbs in the box.
Attend/Visit/Record / Have/ Start /Make /Go/Get/Stay/ Move/Do

1. I did really well in the entry exam, so I am starting at this university
next summer.
2. My wife and I are having a birthday party this weekend. We bought the drinks and
sent the invitations.
3. Susan is moving to Chicago later this month. She got a new job in Apple there.
4. Rita isn´t attending to the meeting in the afternoon, because she has to catch
the plane in the morning.
5. What are you doing this Friday at night? Let´s have some drinks!
6. When is she visiting us? I really miss her smile.
7. We are going shopping later today to buy Giselle a gift for her birthday.
8. I am staying at the Hilton in Guayaquil this weekend. I booked a single room
last week.
9. What time are they making their presentation?
10. Susan and Peter are getting married this weekend.
11. The director isn't recording the movie, because he ran out of money and now he
is broken.
Fill in the gaps of the dialogue below using the words/phrases in the box
Would be / I can / Great / Why don´t we / Why / About / Busy / Meeting / What /
Doing
Tom (1) What are you (2) doing on Friday night Hannah?
Hannah I am (3) busy , I´m afraid. I am (4) meeting Janey.
Tom OK, How (5) about Saturday night?
Hannah Nothing. (6) Why ?
Tom (7) Why don't we try the new Italian restaurant ?
Hannah (8) Great idea!
Tom I am (9) I can you at the restaurant at 7h30 pm.
Hannah 8h00 pm (10) would be better for me.
Tom OK, see you there at 8h00pm.
Retrieved from:
http://www.pearsonlongman.com/newtotalenglish/pdfs/downloads/pre-
11
intermediate/preint_unit03_grammar03.pdf
12
Read the questions and answer them using present continuous for making arrangements with your
own information.
1. What are you eating for your dinner tonight?
I am eating hamburguer for my dinner tonight.
2. What time are you waking up tomorrow?

I am waking up at_5 o'clock tomorrow.
3. What are you doing tomorrow morning?
I am going study _tomorrow morning.
4. When are you having your next English class?
I am having my ne_ xt English class next weekeed.
5. What are you doing this weekend?
I am going eat ice cream this weekend.
6. Are you reading a book after this class?

Yes, I'm yes readi_ng a book after this class
7. What time are you starting your English lesson?
My English lesson is starting at 9 o'clock
Make the present continuous, positive or negative

1) (You / play badminton tonight)
You are playing badminton tonight.
2) (We / watch TV)
We are watching TV.
3) (She / not / work in Spain)
She is not working in Spain.
4) (We / not / go to the cinema tonight)
She is not working in Spain.
5) (I / not / live in Paris)
I'm not living in Paris.
6) (We / study French)
We are studying French
7) (They / live in London)
They living in London
8) (I / not / meet my father at four)

I'm not meeting my father at four.
9) (My parents / travel to Quito tonight)

My parents are traveling to Quito tonight.
10) (My niece/ not / go to the party)

My niece is not going to the party.
13
D. WRITING
Use the chart below to make your agenda about your university, work and personal
arrangements for next week. You must use the appropriate tense and it must be done in at
least 80 words in length.
MY AGENDA
Morning Afternoon Evening
Monday Wake up and clean Stay at work Have online classes.

my room
Tuesday Get ready to work Travel for work Have online classes.
Wednesday Wake up and go to work Stay at work Have online classes.
Thursday Get ready to work Travel to work Have online classes.
Friday Get ready and go to work Stay to work I go out with friends
Saturday Have online classes

Stay at home Stay at home
Sunday Go to church Go to eat with family

Stay with family
E. SPEAKING
PRESENTATION
Use the chart in writing exercise above to share your ideas with your
teacher and classmates about your arrangements for the coming week.
14
F. LISTENING
Listen to the conversation about the Mardi Gras festival and select the right answer to each
statement (Track 2).
1. What is Mardi Gras festival?
a. the biggest b. Halloween c. party

party in the party for
world foreigners
2. Who is the person being interviewed?
a. the reporter b. a foreigner c. a local native
3. People from Mardi Gras …
a. sell their b. make their own c. buy their

costumes costumes costumes
4. What is Lore doing this afternoon?
a. eating b. riding through c. making

the city her
costume
5. Why is this festival relevant for people in Tremé?
a. It develops culture b. It generates work c. It makes people

to join
Retrieved from: Life 3, unit 6, lesson b
15
Lesson 1C. FUTURE TENSES IN ACTION
A. WARM UP
READING
Read about LIFE GOALS and identify Samir´s goals.
LIFE GOALS
Hi, my name is Samir and I'm from Sweden. I'm going to talk about six things I want to do in my life.
First of all, I want to travel the world and meet new people, see new places, and learn new cultures.
It's really interesting for me, and yeah, I think everybody should travel a lot as long as they get the
chance.
Then, before and while my travelling, I want to learn at least five different languages. I like talking
diverse languages since I think it's really fun and people don't expect you talk their language
most of the time.
The third thing I want to do is to start my own company. I want to be my own boss. I don't want to
have someone else giving me orders. I want to help my employees to grow up professionally in
my company so they could have a better life.
The fourth thing is that I want to live in an exotic country, maybe an exotic beach. It will be an
adventure for me because I live in Sweden and going to the other side of the world would be
awesome and a completely new thing for me, so that's the fourth thing I want to do.
The fifth thing is that I have afraid of heights. I can't be at the top of the building and look down. I
would be really scared, so I have to overcome my fear of heights. Even though it will be tough I am
thinking of doing parachuting due to overcome it.
The last thing I want to do is to experience all kinds of extreme sports, such as diving with sharks,
rafting in fast rivers, climbing in the abysses of big mountains or waterfalls, skydiving, and so on.
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each statement.
1. Samir wants to travel to five different places. True False

2. Samir wants to learn new languages after travelling. True False
3. Samir wants other people work for him. True False
4. Samir wants to live in an interesting place far from his home. True False
5. Samir is really good at doing parachuting. True False
6. Samir is afraid of extreme sports. True False
16
B. VOCABULARY
Read the following list of life goals and label them with its right picture.
a. Develop a healthy exercise routine

b. Find a way to give back
c. Start a creative hobby
d. Be kind daily
e. Seek personal growth
f. Get rid of bad relationship
g. Surround yourself with people you admire
Get rid of bad relationship Be kind daily Find a way to give back
Seek personal growth
C. GRAMMAR: FUTURE TENSES

Select the right present tense structure.
1. She will hit you if you say that bad word.

a. Will
b. Is going to
2. Tonight, she is going to watch that movie, she has just bought
the tickets.
a. Will
b. is going to
3. I will follow you wherever you will go, said the boyfriend.
a. Will
b. Are going to
4. Your husband is going to upset when he knows what you have done.
a. Will be
b. Is going to be
5. Many human beings will travel to other planets or the moon on vacation.
a. Will
b. Are going to
17
You must identify among the future tenses: will, be going to, and present continuous and put the verbs in the
correct form.
is going to
will be
are going to fly
will open.
will be
will you
are watching is going to come
is going to have
won't give
are going to open
are you doing
are moving
D. WRITING
Write a composition about your professional and economic goals.
MY GOALS
18
E. SPEAKING
Share your professional and economic goals with your teacher and
classmates.
F. LISTENING
Listen to the audio and circle the correct answers. (track 2A)
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkKmQHpAHWc
1. How is Stacy?
a. not bad b. not so good c. very good
2. What is doing Stacy at the moment of speaking with Brandon?

a. going home b. going to work c. anything
3. What is Stacy doing on Tuesday?

a. anything b. aerobics c. dinner with her dad
4. Where is Brandon going to be on Wednesday?

a. out of town b. in the town c. a couple of days
5. What is Stacy doing on Friday?

a. working b. having a day off c. anything
6. What day are Stacy and Brandon meeting?

a. Wednesday b. Friday c. Monday
19
PROBABILITIES AND Unit 2
POSSIBILITIES
Unit objective:
indicate their obligations
and possibilities for future
situations.
Learning outcome:
 Inferring from
context
writing.
and general
information
information
 Point out actions to
avoid Covid 19
 Share experiences
related to
quarantine
UNIT 2: PROBABILITIES AND POSSIBILITIES
Lesson 2A DIGITAL HABITS
A. WARM-UP READING
Read the following questions carefully and discuss them

with your classmates.
 How do you usually communicate with your friends?

 Which social networks are the most famous nowadays?
 How much time do you spend on social networks?
DIGITAL HABITS ACROSS GENERATIONS
Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social

media, but the different generations' online habits couldn't be
more different. The over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing
numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site's second biggest
user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55–64 and 2.9 million over-
65s.
Sheila, aged 59, says, “I joined to see what my grandchildren are

doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It's a much
better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and
photos in the post. That's how we did it when I was a child, but I think I'm lucky I get to see so much
more of their lives than my grandparents did.”
Ironically, Sheila´s grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 are
leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they´re not going far from their
smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. “It´s my alarm clock so I have to,” she
says. “I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.”
Unlike her grandmother´s generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones
at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the
other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years. “We
use Facebook to arrange meetings all over the country,” she says. “It's changed my social life
completely.”
Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as
their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers,
reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. “I was always connected and I felt like
I was always working,” he says. “How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in
front of a screen myself?” So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his
smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text
messages. “I'm not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important
thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.”
16
Read the text above and decide if the sentences are True (T) or False (F)
1. Elderly people use more Facebook than younger people. ( False )

2. Nowadays, elderly people use Facebook to be in touch with family. (_ True )
3. Now, teenagers are using their smartphones lees than before. ( False )
4. According to the reading, teenagers use more social media to fix up meetings. ( True )
5. Teenagers might thank their grandparents for their social media addiction. ( False )
6. Parents were the first smartphones’ users. True )
(
Read the text again and answer the following question with your own opinion
Why did Sheila join to Facebook?

Because she has made contact with old friends from school and arrange meetings all over the country.
_
What are the differences between elderly people and teenagers in the use of cellphones and
Facebook?
Teenagers are the most addicted to cellphone and eldery people have more caution
_
Why does Peter change his SIM card to an old-style mobile phone in the evenings and at weekends?
Because he can setting a better example tomy kids and spending more quality time with them.
B. VOCABULARY
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Label the pictures with one of the nouns in the table below.
Single parents Black sheep Dependant

1.Over protecting parents
……………….………. 2. ………………………………. 3. ………………………….. 4. …………………………………………
17
FAMILY VOCABULARY CHART
Noun Definition Example
Breadwinner The member of a In many countries, men are
family who earns most expected to be the breadwinner in a
of the money that the family.
family needs
Dependant Someone who depends I‘m working hard to get a promotion
on you for financial and earn more money now that I’m a
support, such as a child husband and a father and
or family member who have dependants who rely on me.
does not work
Over-protective A parent who protects Overprotective parents can prevent
parents their child too much their children from building
confidence and independence.
Spoilt child A child who shows I don’t like playing with the girl next
bad behavior because door because she’s a spoilt child and
they have been gets in a temper if I don’t let her win
allowed to do or have all the games.
anything they want
Single parent A person bringing up a My sister is a single parent now

child or children that her husband has left her.
without a partner
Family An informal event We’re having a family get-
gathering / family where family together to celebrate my
get-together members meet up mother’s birthday.
Black sheep Someone who brings My brother first started getting into
shame to their family trouble with the police when he
by being different or was a teenager and he’s become
doing something the black sheep of the family.
wrong
Retrieved: https://www.ieltsjacky.com/family-vocabulary.html
Use the nouns in the chat above to complete the ideas.
a. Anthony is working in the new factory, he is a very dedicated worker, he is never late and
works harder than anyone. He tries to keep his job because he is the only
dependant of his family.
b. I really don’t like Samantha. Her attitude towards other people is so despective. I think her
parents didn´t teach her limits, that is the reason she acts as a spoilt child .
c. All my family said that I am the black sheep , because I like rock music and I prefer
wearing black clothes. However, I don’t think that! I just wear what I like.
d. When Rita was at secondary she got pregnant. It was so sad to see that her boyfriend
abandoned her, but she never gave up and she raised her son as a single parents .I
am so proud to see them very happy together.
e. When I was at secondary, my dad didn´t let me go out with my friends or go to the movies
alone. They were so strict and over protective . They were too worried about my
safety that sometimes I felt I couldn´t breathe.
f. This Sunday we are having a family gathering because it is mothers’ day.
18
C. GRAMMAR: MIGHT /MAY POSSIBILITY /WILL PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY IN FUTURE POSSIBILITY IN FUTURE
WILL/ WON´T MAY/MIGHT
It is used for situations that are MAY and MIGHT are used for
certain to happen. When you situations in future, which have a
believe in something or you possibility to happen but you are not
are confident it can happen. sure about it. They have a slight
possibility to happen.
Negative:
WILL NOT=WON´T Negative:
MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT
Structure: Structure:
Subject +will/won´t+ infinitive Subject + may/may not +
verb infinitive verb
Subject + might/might not +
Example: infinitive verb
 The sun will rise tomorrow.
 I will finish work at 5h00.(It is Example:
indicated in my schedule)  It might rain tomorrow.
 Saray will be late. (She is always late) (not sure about it)
 I may go on vacation
to London. (I haven’t
bought any ticket)
 It is such a sunny day!
It might not rain
tonight.
Note: Use definitely to give Note: Both may and might are used for
more emphasis. the same purpose. However, might is
I will definitely meet you at the bus known for being less certain than
stop. may.
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
Fill in the spaces with the most suitable modal MAY/MAY NOT/MIGHT/MIGHT NOT/WILL/WON¨T
a. I am not sure, but I think she may be one of the most fabulous singer in the world. (quite
certain)
b. My parents will probably come tomorrow. (totally certain)
c. This gymnastic team might not win the regional competition. They are having some
financial problems. (quite certain)
d. Sara will definitely go to New York this year. (totally certain)
e. I heard on a TV program that in 5 years people might keep their information on flash
memories anymore. They might _upload it online on the cloud. (less certain)
f. My friends have not decided yet. We may go to the countryside this weekend.
(quite certain)
g. This Saturday is Sarah`s birthday party, she is having her party at the backyard. However, I
think it is not a good idea, because it might rain this weekend. (less certain).
h. Although she is giving her best at studying Math this month, I think it will change the
final results for the semester. (totally certain)
i. I definitely wil to do. (totally certain).
l
19
Fill in the spaces with the most suitable modal MAY/MIGHT/WILL/WON´T
20
a. The space explorers will water on Mars. (probable)
b. Regular trips to space may be available in the next century. (possible)

c. One day
might find life on other planets. (slightly possible)
they
d. We won't ever know everything. (impossible)
e. It will be sunny tomorrow. (probable)
f. It
may be cloudy in June. (possible)
g. It might rain in May. (slightly possible)
h. People won't develop telepathy in the future. (impossible)

i. I won't have time to meet you tonight. I have a lot of homework.
(totally certain)
D. LISTENING
Listen to the email and circle true or false. (Track 3)
1. Tara´s word in last year was “change”. True / False

2. Tara´s word in this year is “community”. True / False
3. She might move to a new city this year. True / False
4. She will have a lot of time to do many things to become part of her community. True / False
5. Tara will for a doctor and a hairdresser. True / False
Retrieved: http://blog.sproutenglish.com/modals-of-possibility-woy/
E. WRITING
Write a composition about what you will, may, or might do in this 2021. Use will, might and may to
indicate the probabilities and possibilities. It must be done in 90-100 words.
F. SPEAKING
Share with your teacher and classmates the ideas you wrote in the previous exercise.
21
LESSON 2B. DOs AND DON’Ts
A. WARM-UP READING
Read the text below and underline the new or unknown words.
COVID19: DOs AND DON´Ts
Vaccination is the best way to prevent the spread of

disease; however, the vaccine is not available for
everybody yet. This means that the best way to prevent
spreading COVID-19 is by avoiding exposure to the
virus. That means staying home and practicing good
hygiene. Wash your hands frequently, practice social
distancing. “Stay home and wash your hands” makes it
sound easy, though. How can you keep yourself and
your family happy and healthy during this difficult
time?
1. The government recommends that work and school should be conducted from home whenever
possible.
2. Don’t travel unless you have to.
3. Do not visit nursing homes, retirement communities, or hospitals, unless you are providing
critical assistance.
4. Those at a higher risk for COVID-19 complications—older adults, people with heart disease or
lung disease, people with diabetes, people with autoimmune disorders, and those with
compromised immune systems—should stay home and limit contact with others.
5. Stay home as much as possible.
6. Stay home if you are sick—no exceptions.
7. Avoid social gatherings over 10 people, and avoid close contact with others. COVID-19 is
primarily spread through person-to-person contact either by respiratory droplets in the air from
coughing or sneezing, or through physical contact.
8. Avoid physical contact with others. Greet people with waves or nods rather than hugs,
handshakes, or kisses.
9. Wash your hands often. Wash your hands properly before eating, before touching your face, and
any time after touching a surface that others may have touched. A hand sanitizer that contains
more than 60% alcohol can be used if soap and water are not available.
10. Do not touch your face. COVID-19, as well as other viruses, typically enter the body through the
eyes, nose, and mouth.
11. Do not stockpile. Keep necessary health items—such as soap, tissues, and alcohol-based sanitizer
—on hand, but do not accumulate more than you need. Acquiring more than you need means that
other people in need of those items may go without.
Retrieved from:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-
coronavirus-2019/advice- for-public/myth-busters
Read the text again and choose the correct answers.
1. What is the best way to prevent COVID-19?

a. Social distancing and hygiene b. travelling c. touching your face
2. What you shouldn´t do in order to prevent COVID?

a. Wash your hand after eating b. Greet people with kiss c. A and B
3. Which places are the most risk to COVID contagious?

22
a. Your house b. Health centers c. meetings with two people
23
4. What diseases represent a higher risk to be affected by COVID-19?
a. AIDs b. heart diseases c. A and B
5. What can you use instead of soap and water to sanitize?

a. Shampoo b. Products with 60% alcohol c. Conditioner
B. VOCABULARY
COVID
Read the text again and label the word in the box with one of the pictures above.
1.Coughing
2.Hygiene
3.Nursing
homes
4.Respiratory
droplets
Respiratory droplets Vacinne Stockpile 5.Retirement
1. ……………………….............. 2. …………………………………….. 3. ………………………………..…… communities
6.Sneezing
7.Social
distancing
8.Stockpile
9.Vaccine
4. ……Sn…e…ez…in…g………........ 5. ……S…o…c…ia…l d…is…ta…nc…in…g……………. 6. ………C…o…ug…h…in…

g ………………
Fill in the spaces with one of the word in the table on exercise above.
a. The scientists are trying a new Vaccine _ to prevent people from suffering covid-19 in
the future.
b. When my grandparents retired, they decided to move to a Retirement Communities , there they could
spend time with people with the same age as them.
c. When you are Sneezing - respiratory droplets , you must cover your mouth because you can spread
with the virus.
d. When we started the quarantine, my mom got crazy and she started a _ stockpile with
lots of canned food and towels.
e. To prevent COVID spread fast, many governments around the world recommend
Social distancing , it is advised to be 2 meters far from other people.
24
C. GRAMMAR: MODALS VERBS FOR RULES
MUST HAVE TO NEED TO
It is used for actions It is used for actions that It is used for actions that
that are obligations. are obligations. are obligations.
MUST/HAVE TO/NEED TO have the same meaning,
but MUST shows a stronger obligation than others.
He must stop eating I have to get up early. She needs to sleep more.
sugar, he has diabetes. She has to eat a lot of They need to buy a new
We must pay the fine. vegetables. phone.
We had to leave at She needed to study
7h00 pm. hard.
Must not= mustn´t Don’t /doesn´t /didn´t D o n ´ t/ d oesn´t/
Escriba
didn´t el t ex t o a qu í
It is a command or order have to
to not do something. need to
It is not an order; it is an
Something that is It is not an order; it is an
option or something that
prohibited. option or something that
is not necessary to do.
is not necessary to do.
Example: Example:
Example:
 You mustn´t lie to him  She doesn’t have to
 She mustn´t go there. go there.  She doesn’t need to go
 We don’t have to eat it. there.
 You mustn´t drive so
 They didn`t have to  We don’t need to eat it.
fast.
attend the meeting.  They didn’t need to
attend the meeting.
needn´t = don’t/doesn`t
need to
We needn´t eat it
(informal)
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Write the correct option MUST/MUSTN`T.

a. You must clean up your bedroom. There is a lot of dust and trash.
b. They mustn't smoke inside the room. It is prohibited.
c. People must wash their hands frequently.
d. That child mustn't play with knives. It is so dangerous.
e. Parents must respect traffic lights when they are driving their own cars.
f. My daughter mustn't cheat in her Moodle test.
g. They mustn't _ visit their grandparents at the retired community because they have flu.
2. Write the correct option HAVE TO /DON’T-DOESN’T HAVE TO

a. He doesn't have to work in the office because we are on quarantine.
b. We have to go shopping, tonight is Emma´s birthday party and I didn´t have time
to buy her a gift.
c. My children have to get up early, because they start online classes tomorrow at 7h00.
d. You don't have to start a stockpile of towels and tissues. We have a lot of them at home.
e. Mandy has to take off her clothes when she arrives at home form the hospital.
f. Those students have to finish their project if they want to approve this subject.
g. My mom doesn't have to prepare the dinner tonight, because my father will be the chef tonight.
h. You don't have to take down my pictures, they look so nice on my wall.
i. A lot of milk is on the floor; you have to mop up it quickly.
25
3. Write the most suitable option MUSTN`T/NEEDN´T.
a. I am sure it won`t rain tonight, you don't
to/ needn'ttake your umbrella with us.
need
b. There is an accident on the road. We mustn't keep driving there.

c. We mustn't be late. Otherwise, we will lose our flight.
d. Everybody mustn't smoke in this restaurant. It is forbidden!
e. He doesn't need to/
needn't come to our farm if he doesn´t want to do it.
f. The bank mustn´t withdraw money from my bank account. It is illegal!
g. They mustn't bring guns to our college.
4. Write the most suitable options for each situation.

a. Ted must buy (buy) some food because we don’t have it. (strong obligation)
b. (she/take the bus) to work every day? Does she need to take the bus
(option)
b. Children mustn't play(play) with alcohol. (prohibited)
c. We (get) home—I am so tired and it's already midnight! (obligation) need to get home/ have to get
d. What time (you/arrive) at work last week? did you have to arrive
(option)
e. You (clean up) this morning, I'll take care of it. You just relax and watch
TV. (option) don't need to clean up
f. They (visit) the doctor yesterday because they were not feeling well.
(obligation) needed to visit / had to vist
g. I must get up (get up) every morning at six, so I can arrive at work on time. (strong
obligation)
D. WRITING
Make a list of the prohibitions and obligations that you have in the “I take care of myself” phase by
COVID. It must be done using the grammar structure of this lesson. It must be done in 80 words in
length.
Obligations
*We must go to the doctor Prohibitions
*We must wear a mask * You mustn’t go outside.
*We must wash our hands every 15 minutes. *You mustn’t perform any activity away from home.
*We must maintain a distance of 6 feet from others *We mustn't take off your mask in public places
*We must wash our hands before eating *You mustn’t be on the street past 7 p.m
*We must wash our hands after cough, or sneeze
*We must washing our hands after handling the mask
E. SPEAKING
Share with your teacher and classmates what you wrote in the previous exercise.
F.LISTENING
Listen to the conversation and circle true or false. (track 4)
a. The quiz is to analyze how well people sleep. True False

b. People with more “A” answers don´t sleep well. True False
c. People with more “B” answers want extra hours for sleeping. True False
d. People with more “C” answers relax before sleeping. True False
e. Doctor’s recommendation is to work out late at night. True False
Retrieved from: LIFE 3, unit 1, ex. 5
26
Lesson 2C. POSSIBILITY AND OBLIGATION IN ACTION
A. WARM-UP
VIDEO: How NOT to do presentations
PRE-ACTIVITY
1.Answer the following questions
 Are you afraid of giving presentations?
 How often do you do them at university or work?
 Do think it is useful to learn how to make good presentations? Why? Why not?
DURING THE VIDEO

2. Watch the video twice, and decide if giving good presentations is useful for your professional
development.
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhYVKkKBC1I
3. Then, watch the video again and tick the DOs with √ and the DONTs with X
Dos DONTs
1. Overreacting
2. Be natural
3. Reading everything
4. Being rude
5. Introduce yourself briefly

6. Use correct slides
7. Making weird jokes
AFTER THE VIDEO

4. Answer the following questions with your own opinion:
a. Do you think giving good presentations is useful for you? Why? Give examples
I think it is useful to be able to make a good impression on others. A good presentation will allow us to create a
connection with others.
b. Which things do you consider need to be done in a good presentation?

27
I think the best thing to do is to look for good qualities and expose them, also to say certain weaknesses and that
we are on the way to work on them.
28
B.CROSS CURRICULUM SKILLS
ORGANIZING IDEAS
HOW TO MAKE A PRESENTATION?

At the moment of making a presentation, learners must be organized. Also, the time is
indispensable because it determines how deep you need to present a topic.
Structure of a presentation
MAIN
PART
• Introduce • Conclusions
yourself • Ending phrases
 Present the
• State the topic ideas,
information,
tables.
OPENING ENDING
Retrieved from: https://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentation.htm
How to make a good presentation?
It is important to create an easy-to-follow structure. When it comes to what you have to say, break
it down into three simple sections: your presentation needs an introduction, body, and conclusion.
Here you find some tips:
 A compelling introduction. Your introduction needs to briefly sum up what you’re going to
talk about and why it’s useful or relevant to your audience.
 Offer a body of evidence. The body of your presentation is where you create sense with the
facts, quotes, and evidence to back up your main points.
 Sum up with key takeaways. The conclusion is where you loop back to your original statement
and give the audience some key takeaways on how they can put into practice what they've
learned.
 No more than 10 slides in total. Who wants to sit through pages and pages of slides? No one.
By keeping a total of 10 slides, even if your presentation is 30 minutes long, you’ll give the
audience a chance to digest the screen messages aligned with your talk.
29
C. WRITING
Make a composition about how was your life before the pandemic starts and how is now. Mention
all the obligations, needs, and prohibitions you had before the pandemic and that you have
nowadays in your house and community. The composition must be done in 100-120 words in
length. Use the grammar topics of this unit (must, have to, need to).
D. SPEAKING
Make a presentation about what you

wrote in the previous exercise. The
presentation must last 2 minutes in
length.
Youhavetofollow thestructure
presented above and take into account
all the tips for a good presentation.
Finally, use the modals for obligation

(have to, must, need).
30
Unit 3
ADJECTIVES
Unit objective:
describe how situations
occur and grade its
intensity
Learning outcome:
 Inferring from
context
writing.
and general
information
 Mentioning their
work strengths and
weaknesses
and general
information
 Identifying key
questions in job
interviews.
UNIT 3: ADJECTIVES
Lesson 3A. APPLYING FOR JOBS
A. WARM-UP
READING: GETTING A JOB AND JOB INTERVIEWS
1. Read the text and underline words you don’t know their meaning
GETTING A JOB AND JOB INTERVIEWS

A typical job interview always has these questions; here I show how you should answer
them:
1. Tell me about yourself.

Well, I’m very focused on the result and I will provide solutions to the challenges that
happen on the daily basis.
2. What are your strengths?

The answers here may vary, but you have to emphasize your skills at job you apply for
and also be clear on your people skills for example:
“I’m very organized and have enough experience to make a good work in my
responsibilities and tasks.”
3. What are your weaknesses?

Never answer “I don't know”. If you get this question you should answer: “I am not
too familiar with the subject but one of my skills is that I learn very fast. I am not too
open to suggestions if the suggestion is not good for the assigned project.”
4. Why do you want this job?

Don't say “I need the money” you should say: “I am very interested in working in this
organization because of its history and the importance of the company.”
5. Where would you like to be in your career five years from now?
The most common answer is: I would like to have enough experience to be in a good
position in the company and would like to be in a very important position and make
a good work.
Read the text again and write the right one T for true and F for false
a. You must highlight skills related to the work you are applying for. True
b. You don´t have to know everything, it is ok to say “I don´t know”. True
c. Highlight the benefits of the company itself more than the payment
False
benefit.
d. You must say an advantage disguised as a disadvantage when they ask about your
weaknesses. False
29
B. VOCABULARY
JOB INTERVIEW
FOCUSED EMPHASISE SKILLS THIS COMMON
ORGANIZATION
A Give special The ability

concentrated importance to do Habitually
person in job or something This company or
related prominence well; typically
activities to expertise. occurring
(something) or done
in speaking
or writing.
Read the vocabulary above and use one of the words to fill in the spaces in the
following statements.
a. They emphasise a lot on their experiences in financial programs in their
interviews, since it gives them a huge advantage.
b. My son is focused on getting his scholarship. He studies all the time,
because he needs the money for his postgraduate program in Atlanta.
c. I have many skills , but I think one of the most important is I am a
creative person and also I am very good at solving problems.
d. When you are at university, it is very common to find part time jobs. It
helps you to get extra money and be more independent.
e. This company _is very important in South America. In fact, it has nearly 1
million of employees in Ecuador and Colombia
C. GRAMMAR
INTENSIFIERS: TOO, VERY AND ENOUGH
We use too and very to modify the meaning of adjectives and adverbs. Too and Very are
used before an adjective or adverb.
Too means “more than necessary” or “more than you want.”

 I don't like this pub. It is too noisy and there are too many people.
 You will love Northern Australia, but it is too hot there in the summer.
 These shoes are too small. Are they available in a bigger size?
Very intensifies the strength of adjective or adverb and cannot be used with 'extreme'
adjectives ('Hot is a standard adjective, but 'Boiling' is an extreme adjective)
 It is very hot today.
 London is a very big city.
 He is a very fat man.
Enough describes an adequate or necessary amount. It can also be used with Not,
to refer to something that is not sufficient, or not necessary. Enough is used after an
adjective.
 Do you have enough money? I can lend you some, if you need it.
 Don't buy Sarah any shoes for her birthday. She already has enough!
 He wanted to go into the disco, but they refused to let him in because he
is not old enough.
30
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Complete with very, too and enough.
a.Jenny is very young to drive. She isn’t old enough .

b. A: This cake is too sweet, but it’s nice. B: No, I think it’s too sweet.
c. A marathon is very long. Charles is too old to run it, but William is young enough
d. The suit was too expensive so he bought a shirt instead.
e. I don´t like this restaurant. It`s very noisy.
f. It’s too cold outside right now but tomorrow it will very cold to go outside at all.
be
g. There are too many students for this class. The classroom is very small, and
there aren’t enough desks.
h. They were very poor. They didn’t haveenough food to eat.
Answer the following questions using very, too or enough.
1. Why don’t you eat fast food three times a day?

Because it is not very healthy
2. What is the weather like in Canada?
It's too cold
3. Why don’t you buy a mansion in Hollywood?
Because it's too expensive.
4. Why can’t a child drive a car?
Because is very young.
5. What are some good things about your city?
My city is very picturesque
6. What are some drawbacks about living in your city?
It`s too small.
Rewrite the sentences, using either very, too or enough.
1. I’ve had so much to eat today that I couldn’t eat another bite.
I`ve eating enough today that I couldn´t eat another bite.
2. I can’t see anything, turn on the light.
I can´t see very well, turn on the light.
3. This room is hot. Maybe we should open a window.

This room is too hot. Maybe we should open a window.
4. That movie was so sad. I almost cried.

That movie was very sad. I almost cried.
5. This curry is so spicy. I can’t eat it.
This curry is very spicy. I can´t eat it.
31
Read the sentences carefully and circle the right option for each statement.
a. The room was too crowded , we couldn't  Not crowded

get a seat.  Too crowded
 Crowded enough
 Young to drive
b. James is too young to drive .  Young enough
to drive
 Not young enough
c. The service really wasn´t good enough .  Too good enough

 Good enough
 Wasn't good enough
d. Accidents happen when you are not careful

 Careful
enough.
 Care
 Carefully
e. I'm not fit enough to run a marathon  Fits

 Too fit
 Not fit
D. WRITING
Write a job interview (between 2 people), you must describe your strengths and
weaknesses using intensifiers for the job of your dreams. Mention professional and
personal characteristics. It must be done in 90-110 words in length.
Escriba el texto aquí
32
E. SPEAKING
ONLINE JOB INTERVIEW
Work with a partner to perform the job interview

you wrote in the previous exercise.
F. LISTENING
Video about job interview
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naIkpQ_cIt0
Watch the video and write the right answer T for TRUE or F for FALSE.
1. Mary is applying for a kitchen job.
2. Mary has a lot of experience working in the kitchen.
3. Mary doesn´t like to follow instructions.
4. Mary was a trainer on her last job.
5. A lot of training is needed for the job.
33
Lesson 3B. LET´S LIVE!
A. WARM-UP
READING
Read the article and underline words you don’t understand from it.
A QUESTION OF TIME OR MIND
Many people complain that they don’t have enough time. They have too much work to do
every day and there are always too many things that they haven´t done. There is pressure
to be available 24/7 to colleagues, clients, and friends. We spend around 13 hours a week
in emails and an average of 3 hours a day on social media. Living in a big city makes
things worse, we spend 106 days of our life looking for a parking space and many days a
year in traffic jams. We have less time to relax, we live too stressed that this makes us
more impatient and not polite at all. On average most adults lose quite important parts of
the day either commuting or overworking.
So please take your time to do things for yourself and your own joy, spend time with your
family, if you live apart call them regularly it’s not going to hurt at all. The term workaholic
is used for people who have too much work or too many responsibilities. These people
live quite sad, angry, and anxious because they spend their days so worried about things
from work that they think they don’t have enough time to live. So let’s go and live our lives
at least on weekends and holidays.
Read the article and answer the following questions
a. How many hours do people spend on emails?

Spend around 13 hours a week on emails
b. Why living is big cities is worse?

Living in a big city is worse because we spend 106 days of our lives looking for a
place to park and many days a year in traffic jams.
c. Which are the two things most adults waste their time on?
Most adults waste time traveling or working excessively.
d. How workaholic people live?

These people live quite sad, angry, and anxious because they spend
their days so preoccupied with things at work that they think they don't have
enough time to live.
34
B. VOCABULARY
ARTICLE
COMPLAIN AVERAGE TRAFFIC OVERWORKING ANXIOUS HOLIDAYS
JAMS
Express A number A line of car A day of
dissatisfaction expressing traffic at or With too much With festivity
or annoyance the central near a work anxiety or
about or typical standstill recreation
something. value in a because of when no
an accident
set of data work is
done
Read the vocabulary above and use one of the words to fill in the spaces in the following
statements.
a. At noon the traffic in Guayaquil and many big cities in Ecuador is terrible. You can be
caught in so traffic jams and for sure you will be late.
long
b. During quarantine many housewives are overworking . They have to take
care of their children while they are working on their online offices.
c. Sarah is really anxious for the final exams results. If she can´t pass it, she
will fail this subject and her parents will be very angry.
d. During their last Christmas Holiday _, they traveled to Miami with their
sons.
C. GRAMMAR
INTENSIFIERS 2
An intensifier is used to emphasize words and phrases in a sentence. They perform the
same function as adverbs and adverbial phrases. If we want to add emphasis to an
adjective in a sentence an intensifier will allow us to do that.
INTENSIFIER FUNCTION EXAMPLE

There are too many
You can use the intensifier too many people in this
to modify countable nouns. conference.
TOO MANY You can place it before a noun that can I bought too many
be counted to signify an excessive croissants today.
number of something. I have seen too many
applicants today.
I’ve got too much work
In a similar way, too much can be used at the moment.
TOO MUCH to modify uncountable nouns and I’ve been missing out on
verbs. too much sleep lately.
35
Our revenue at the
The first is to emphasize something to a moment is quite good.
lesser degree. It adds a level of emphasis
QUITE similar to the words rather or fairly. The shape of the island
The second is to add total or complete emerged on the
emphasis, similar to the word horizon quite clearly
completely.
The intensifier so modifies adjectives I am so impressed with

and adverbs to signify the extent of your work!
something. I ‘m so looking forward
SO
It is more casual than very. to starting my new
It can often be used with that. job!
Like the intensifier too, so can be I have eaten so much food
combined with much(countable) and this evening.
many(uncountable).
At all is a common intensifier used in You didn’t make
English. any notes at all?
AT ALL It is used in negative sentences and I am not at all interested
expressions. in your offer.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Fix the mistakes with intensifiers in the sentences.
You are driving too much fast! You are driving too fast!
You have had too much absences. You have had too many absences.
I have missed out on too many sleep. I have missed out on too much
sleep.
There is too many snow on There is too much snow on the road to
the road to take my bike. take my bike.
I have had too much I have had too many problems with
problems with him him already.
already.
36
Complete the sentences below using intensifiers. Use the best one for each sentence from what
you have learned during the lesson.
a. I have too much time on my hands. e. It has been so long.
b. You have a quite professional f. Yes sir, I amtoo much certain the report
approach. is accurate.
c. There are no extra qualified g. That man has too many guitars.
workers on shift at all .
d. I am so tired of putting in h. I have a quite good chance

these extra hours. of getting that job.
Complete the sentences with too, too much, too many, enough and the word in brackets.
too many
1. There were (people) at the concert and we couldn't see anything.
too busy
2. I'll talk to you later; I'm (busy) now.
3. You aren't well enough
(well) to go to work. You should stay home.
4. You are too much
(nice). You must learn to say 'no' to people who ask you for favors.
5. You spend too much
(time) at the computer. You should play outside more often.
too hard
6. You look exhausted. I think you work (hard).
fit enough
7. You can't run 10 miles. You aren't (fit); you need more training.
8. Please, don't put too much sugar
(sugar) in my coffee; I don't like it too sweet.
too many questions
9. I don't like people who ask (questions).
10. We don't have too much time
(time) to have another coffee; we need to leave now.
Complete the sentences with too or so.

1. This cake is ...t.o...o .........delicious. I want another piece!
2. There were ...t..o..o .......many people in the train, so I couldn’t get on.
3. When I was a child, I had .....t..o...o ......much free time. I loved it.
4. The salaries at that company are..........s...o ....high. I want to work there!
5. Roger thinks that he’s ....stoo .......old to go to nightclubs. He says that he’d rather stay home and
watch TV.
6. You put .....t.o...o ....much salt in the soup. It tastes terrible.
7. You are ....s...o ........beautiful.
Complete the sentences with too or enough.

1. It isn't fast …en…
o…ug…h. 2. It is..t.o..o
............................ slow.
3. The weather is .t.o...o . cold.
4. It isn't warm …e…no…u…gh.
37
D. WRITING
Write a composition about experiences you had based on some of the pictures. Use
intensifiers when writing about each experience. It must be done in 80-100 words in
length.
An embarrassing situation A fun anecdote
I traveled with my sister to Chunchi, she is always

very funny and outgoing things happen to her too.
One day we
We went for a walk with my dad to see more of
the city and visit the grandmother's land, in reality
they were very steep hills, the only thing I
remember was seeing my sister as she came
rolling down the hill, it was so much fun that I
ended up falling to I couldn't help a river to laugh,
it was too funny.
I was too excited for my 15 years, that at the time of

giving my speech I completely forgot the speech I
did not remember anything I was silent, and the
guests began to applaud the
situation was embarrassing enough.
Job interviews An amazing trip
I had an incredible trip with friends to Santa Elena, I

enjoyed it a lot, I ate very well, a lot of seafood.
My first job interview was at the Babahoyo General We went to the open sea, they taught us a lot of
Hospital, I was very nervous since it was my first water activities such as scuba diving.
time, I was only 19 years old, it was a very I visited many viewpoints with beautiful
satisfying and comforting work experience since, landscapes.
on a Monday at 10 AM I received the news that This year I will go again, but with family. It
was part of the institution. was too incredible an experience, very
She is too happy for the news, at present I continue beautiful
working in the same institution.
E. SPEAKING
Share your experiences with your teacher and classmates. Try to
be very specific and use the intensifiers as much as possible.
F. LISTENING
Listen to the audio and fill and circle True or False. (Track 5)
1. He had the interview at Gloria´s café. True False

2. He felt relaxed before the interview. True False
3. His interviewer was very nice. True False
4. His interviewer made him feel comfortable. True False
5. He made too many pauses while answering the interview. True False
38
Lesson 3C. MOVIES
A. WARM-UP READING
THESE MOVIES WERE POORLY MADE
A lazy collection of recreations of scenes from

blockbuster movies and, for no obvious reason, the
likes of Nacho Libre and Borat, but with added
scatological humor. Even if that were forgivable,
the waste of actual talent like Crispin Glover and
Kids in the Hall's Kevin McDonald is not.
Redeeming feature The aging Harry Potter cast gag
is a good idea, briefly.
A film so expensive that its producer famously

quipped it would have been cheaper to lower the
Atlantic, this Titanic flopped at the box-office and
caused author Clive Cussler, on whose book it was
based, to deny Hollywood his books for 20 years
(then he allowed Sahara, which is another story).
Redeeming feature The sight of the wrecked Titanic

sailing into New York is strangely moving.
A comedy so bad that it made us question whether

any of Myers' back-catalog had ever been funny,
this starts with an unoriginal character and
borderline racist and sexist humor before heading
straight for the toilet. When shagging elephants are
your comedy centerpiece, something is seriously
bad.
Gaining nearly three times as their previous entries,

this was a runaway loser. From the neon design to
the overblown script to the infamous Bat nipples,
it's become a byword for franchise-killing and bad
movie-making.
39
Read the text carefully and write T for TRUE and F for FALSE to the following statement
s.
a. What the author really likes the most about Epic movie is that it wasted an
actor´s talent. False
b. Raise the Titanic wasn´t a very successful movie to guarantee Clive Custer’s
books a lot of work in Hollywood. False
c. The Love guru isn´t a movie with high content of racist and sexiest humor. True
d. Batman and Robin movie represented the franchise killer. True
B. VOCABULARY
GENRE OF MOVIES AND ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING MOVIES

Look at the adjectives in the box below; match them to the genre of movie that you consider is the
most appropriate. Some adjectives can be used for many types of films.
ADJECTIVES FOR MOVIES
GENRES FOR MOVIES

Action Horror Comedy Drama movies Sci-fi movies
movies movies movies
Breathtaking Hilarious Mediocre Far fetches
Action packed
Spine chilling Bloodthirsty
Historical Documentary Romance Animation movies Biographical

drama movies movies movies
movies
Unforgettable Moving Gripping

Corny Convincing
Pretentious
40
Have you seen any good movie recently? Do you remember it? Write a short opinion of
that movie and why you liked it. You must mention the genre and use adjectives above.
It must be 20-40 words in length.
41
C. GRAMMAR
ADVERBS OF MANNER
What can you remember about the difference between adjectives and adverbs? Here's a
quick reminder:
An adjective describes a noun or pronoun: "That boy is so loud!"
An adverb describes a verb or anything apart from a noun and pronoun: "That boy
speaks so loudly!"
Adverbs are used to answer how questions e.g. "How does he talk? - He talks loudly."
Flowers smell sweet or flowers smell sweetly, which is correct? Smell sweet is correct
because it describes the smell of flowers. Smell sweetly tells how a rose smells, but
flowers do not have noses so they cannot smell!
"Fresh bread smells great" (adjective) - I am describing my opinion on fresh bread
"I smell terribly because I have a cold" (adverb) - I am not able to use my nose to smell
things because of my cold.
SPELLING RULES
1. Adverbs of manner are usually loud = loudly
formed from adjectives by adding –ly: careful
=carefully
serious=seriously
2. When the adjective finishes in -y, use easy = easily
–ily happy= happily
3. When adjectives end in -le : remove gentle= gently

the "e" and add –Y. terrible= terribly
4. If adjectives end in –ly we use the Silly = He behaved in a silly
way. phrase in a …. way to express manner Friendly = She spoke in a
friendly
way.
Grammar exercise.
Read each statement and select the correct complement for each blank space:
 Hardly
a. Sometimes I need my teacher to talk more so  Slowly
I can hear her better.  Successfully
 Angrily
b. She laughs at my jokes.  Well
 Happily
c. My husband sings when he's in the  Quietly
shower. Even the neighbors can hear  Enthusiastically
him.  Bigly
 Comfortably
d. I'm sitting so I don't want to move.  Quickly
 Normally
 Successfully
e. Please close the door when you enter  Stupidly
my room.  Gently
f. She did in her tennis match last week.  Bad
She won.  Goodly
42
 Well
g. Please try to behave when you meet  Softly
my family.  Quickly
 Normally
h. My dad used to shout when he was angry.  Loud
 Noise
 Loudly
i. I always study for a big test.  Hardly
 Goodly
 Hard
 Slowly
j. When my teacher talks too , it's difficult  Quickly
to understand him.  Quick
Complete the chart with the right adjective or adverb of manner.
Adverbs describe verbs and adjectives. to form regular adverbs, add ‘-ly’ to
most adjectives. Words ending in ‘-y’ change to ‘-ily’.
Adjective Adverbs Of Manner Adjective Adverb Of Manner
· Angry Angrily · Immediate Immediately
· Anxious · Anxiously Jealous · Jealously
· Bad · Kind · Kindly
Badly
· Brave · Bravely · Lazy Lazily
· Busy Busily · Loud Loudly
· Calm Calmly · Natural Naturally
· Careful Carefully · Nervous Nervously
Careless · Carelessly Painful · Painfully
· Certain Certainly Patient · Patiently

· Correct Correctly · Perfectly
Perfect
Correct · Curiously · Playfully
Playfull
Eager · Eagerly · Politely
Polite
· Easy · Easily · Quick Quickly
· Excited Excitedly · Quiet Quietly
· Extreme Extremely · Rude Rudely
Fast · Fast · Safe Safely
· Fortunate · Fortunately · Selfish Selfishly
43
· Furious Furiously Separate · Separately
· Generous Generously · Seriously
Serious
· Gentle Gently · Slowly
Slow
Glad · Gladly · Suddenly
Sudden
Good · Well Terrible · Terribly
Happy · Happily Tired · Tiredly

· Hard Hard · Violent
Violently
· Honest Honestly · Wise Wisely
· Hungry Hungrily · Wrong · Wrongly
D. WRITING
Prepare a written production about a documentary movie – a real-life movie, include:
 A general description of the movie
 Mention which things you liked and disliked, provide the reason for
both. The movie review needs to include adverbs mostly. It also must be done in 100-
120 words in length.
E. SPEAKING
Share with your teacher and classmates what you wrote in the previous exercise.
F. LISTENING
Listen to the interview and decide if the following statements are True or False. (Track 6)
a. Jack Gozzolo usually travels around the world because he is a very

famous actor.
b. He only makes movies for Internet, where people can enjoy them at
home.
c. According to Jack, time to make a movie varies in relation to the movie
budget but it never lasts more than a year.
d. He is going to stay in Argentina for three weeks and then he is
going to move to Brazil.
e. He is going to spend his vacation in Buenos Aires.
Retrieved from: LIFE 2, unit 3.
44
Unit 4
PERFECT TENSES
Unit objective:
describe their life
experiences mentioning
past events.
Learning outcome:
 Inferring from
context
writing.
and general
information
 Mentioning past
experiences
connected with
present.
 Describing a dream
 Identifying
vocabulary about
trip
information
UNIT 4: PERFECT TENSES
Lesson 4A. KEEP CALM AND ENJOY YOUR EXPERIENCE
A. WARM-UP
READING
THE OLD COLONEL
I think I have had a very interesting life. I'm 73 now and I don't work anymore. I was in the army for
51 years. I retired when I was 69. I have been to so many countries that I can't remember all of them.
I've been to Australia six or seven times and to South Africa three times. I have also been once to
Russia but Ididn't like it at all: much too cold for me!
They say that love is the greatest thing and I agree. I've been married four times but never for more
than five years. I don't think women really understand me!
I've never been on television, but I've been on the radio once. It was a programme about life in the
military about twenty years ago. I met the Prime Minister on the same day. Actually, I've met a lot of
famous people: members of the royal family, famous politicians and also famous cinema and television
personalities. I've never met the American President though which is a pity.
Because I've travelled a lot, I've seen a lot of wonderful things and have also eaten and drunk some
strange foods and drinks. I ate cat and rat in India and drank something called Mirto on a little island
in Italy many years ago.
RETRIEVED FROM: https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g30-old-colonel.php
Read the text above and answer the following questions:

1. What has been his job before retiring?
He was in the army for 51 years.
2. Has he been to Australia?

Yes, he has been to Australia six or seven times.
3. Have he been married and how many times?

Yes, he have been married four times.
4. Has He been in a meeting with a president ?

No, he hasn`t.
5. Has he seen a strange thing?

No,he has not.
6. Has he been in a tv or radio program ?

Yes,he has been on many tv and radio programs.
45
B. VOCABULARY
EXPERIENCES
Look at the pictures, and discuss with your classmates the following questions.
 Where did you go on your last vacation?
 What did you do there?
 How many days did you spend there?
 Would you like to go back there again? Why? Why not?
VOCABULARY
Label the pictures with the most suitable activity.
Virtual date Go to travel Go to surf Go to beach Eat strange food Take photos
Go to the beach. Take photos

…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
……G…o …to…s…u…rf …………………………………… ………G…o…t…o…tr…av…e…l.

…………………………
V ir tu a l d a te .
……E…a…t s…tr…a…ng…e…f…oo…d…. ……………………… … … … … … … … …
………………………………
46
C. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT STRUCTURE
The Present Perfect Tense—An Overview
We form the present perfect with have or has + the past participle.
Subject Have Past Complement Explanation
Participle
I Have Been In the u.s for Use have with I ,
three years. we, you, they and
You Have Used Your computer a plural nouns.
lot.
We Have Written A job resumé.
They Have Bought A new computer.
Computers Have Changed The word
Subject Has Past Complement Explanation

Participle
My sister has gotten her degree. Use has with She,
She has found a job as a he, it, and singular
programmer. nouns.
My father has helped me.
The computer has changed a lot over the
years.
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
Write an experience with each vocabulary previously worked
1. (Eat strange food)NEGATIVE

I have never eaten a stranger food.
2. (Go to travel)
I have traveled to many interesting parts of the country.
3. (Have/virtual date)NEGATIVE
I have never been on an online or virtual date.
4. (Go to beach)
Last month I have been at the beach.
5. (Go to surf)NEGATIVE
I've never surfed, I don't know how.
6. (Take photos)
I've always taken a lot of pictures of the places I've been to.
47
Present Perfect Simple - Exercise
Complete the following sentences with the correct present perfect forms.
1. Ethan…ha…s…n…o…t b…e…e…n …so…lv…e. a difficult exercise. (not solve)
2. Viky…h…as…no…t b…ee…n c…on…tra…ct….covid 19 in the house. (not contract)
3. They …ha…v…e b…e…en…w…a…lki…ng……… early in the park. (walk)
4. You and I ……ha… ……………………………. good grades this semester.

ve…g…e…t (get)
5. Mr. Potter ……ha…v…e…n…ot…s…ta…r ………………. in the last movie. (not star)
6. Betty …h…as…b…e…e…n …m…a…ke……. a fool of herself at the party. (make)
7. Raul doesn't want to eat. He …h…as…b…e…e…n …su…ff…e…r

..a love accident. (suffer)
8. My fiancee…h…a…s…n…ot…ta…lk…in…g……………… lies to the family. (not talk)
Write the past participle of these

verbs. EXAMPLE:
Eat -eaten
1. Go Gone 11. Live Lived 21. Write

2. See Seen 12. Know Known 22. Put
3. Look Looked 13. Like Liked 23. Begin
4. Study Studied 14. Fall Fallen 24. Want
5. Bring Brought 15. Feel Felt 25. Get
6. Take Taken 16. Come Come 26. Fly
7. Say Said 17. Break Broken 27. Sit
8. Be Been 18. Wear Wom 28. Drink
9. Find Found 19. Choose Chosen 29. Grow
10. Leave Left 20. Drive Driven 30. Give
Read the sentences bellow and complete with the correct form of present perfect.
1. We have been to Quevedo.(be).
2. Susan and David have completed three computer courses (complete)
3. You have not spoken to his bank manager since June ( not speak)
4. They have just left this job (leave)
5. I have not eaten Chinese food before go to bed ( not eat)
6. Ithink Jim has spoken enough of Lauren. (speak).
7. He has not sold many ice creams today. ( not sell).
8. They have never asked their parents ago years. (ask)
9. She has just seen that bag at a lower price in a different place. (see).
48
D. WRITING
Write a composition about your travel experiences. Use the vocabulary, reading and examples
provided to you along this lesson. The composition has to include present perfect; also, you
can include other tenses as needed. It must contain between 80-100 words in length. Use the
questions below to help you write your paragraphs:
 FIRST: Introduction- Travel experience. Mention places you have already visited.
 SECOND: Topic sentence. What was the strangest place you have ever been to and with who?
 THIRD: Topic sentence. Mini report of your recent trip
 FOURTH: Conclusion
E. SPEAKING
You must deliver a spoken production, applying the present
perfect tense you will speak about the most important experience
in your life. The video you will have to last 2 minutes. You can use
any app for recording yourself and upload the video in moodle
according to your teacher`s instructions.
49
F. LISTENING:
Listen to the audio and then circle the answer the following questions ( Track 7)
1.- The people in the conversation what topic are they talking about?
a. Vacaciones b. Tecnology c. Tv program
2.-What has bought for his father,person "b"?
a. Has bought party games b. Has bought a website c. Has bought a
cd 3.-Why has used GPS, person "b"?
a. Has driven a lot b. Has not used maps c. Has traveled a
lot 4.- How the person "b" has paid the debts?
a. Has paid online b. Has paid credit card c. Has paid in
cash 5.-What has observed every night, person "b"?
a.Has observed online program b. Has observed youtube videos c. Has observed Tv
program 6.- What has sent, person “b”?
a. Has sent emails b. Has sent letter in a envelope c. Has sent emails or
texts Retrieved from: Life 2, lesson 3b, ex. 5
50
Lesson 4B. WE HAVE NOT HAD VITAL DREAMS
A. WARM-UP
READING
THE EXPERIENCES OF JACK FORRESTER
Jack Forrester is one of the most adventurous people from all over the world. In this article we will take a
look at his jobs, personal life and extreme adventures.
Jack has had several jobs, about 30. Among the most interesting jobs we can highlight the following: he has
been an astronaut, a teacher and a dancer. According to Jack, his most rewarding job has been to be a
teacher in Africa, Europe and South America.
As for his personal life, we can point out that he has had five girlfriends in his life, but he has only been
married once. He hasn’t had children yet, but he wants to have two daughters.
Jack has lived in more than 15 countries, his favorite country is Japan. He has gone around the world twice:
the first one in 1999 by boat and the second one in hot air balloon 3 years ago. Some people may wonder
how he has paid for these trips and adventures; well, Jack is an entrepreneur that has created and sold
about 6 successful companies.
Jack Forrester is a role model for his family and friends.
Retrieved from: https://www.aprenderinglesrapidoyfacil.com/2016/06/28/texto-presente-perfecto/
Read the text above and answer the following questions.

1. What is the purpose of the article?
Show us one experiencie about Jack Forrester and his history.
2. How many times has Jack gone around the world?

He has gone around the world twice.
3. In your opinion, the adjective “rewarding” is close in meaning to:

I think is something like ''award''
4. What happened in 1999?

He traveled the world by boat.
5. The verb “point out” is close in meaning to:

It`s to stretch your finger out toward someone or something in order to show someone
6. Has Jack led an interesting and a daring life? In your opinion.
51
B. VOCABULARY
Label the words with the most suitable picture.
Win the lottery See an UFO Love letter Donate blood
Read books Act wrong
See an UFO Act wrong Win the lottery

…………………………………………… ………………………………………………. ……………………………………………
………D…on…a…te…b…lo…o…d……………… ……R…e…a…d…b…oo…k…s………………. ………

L…o…ve…l…e…tte…r …………………………
Read the grammar section below and use de vocabulary to form questions with WH word-present perfect.
 We win of the lottery.

Have you won the lottery?
……………………………………………………………………………
 You have donated blood.
…H…a…ve……yo…u…d…o…na…te…d…b…lo…o…d?……………………………………..
 She has seen an ufo.

H a s sh e s e en an U F O ?
… … … … … … … … …… … … … … ………………………………………..
 He has not acted wrong.

Has he not acted wrong?
………………………………………………………………………………
 David and Luis have written letter love.

Have David an Luis written letter love?
………………………………………………………………………………
 Michael has read a book.

Has Michael read a book?
………………………………………………………………………………
52
C. GRAMMAR: Question –Wh Question
Afirmative
WH/ Have/Has + subject + past participle + ...
Negative
Long form WH/ Have/Has + subject + not + past participle + ...
Short form WH/ Haven't/Hasn't + subject + past participle + ...
Interrogative
Have I worked? Have I not worked? Haven't I worked?
Have you worked? Have you not worked? Haven't you worked?
Has he worked? Has he not worked? Hasn't he worked?
Has she worked? Has she not worked? Hasn't she worked?
Has it worked? Has it not worked? Hasn't it worked?
Have we worked? Have we not worked? Haven't we worked?
Have you worked? Have you not worked? Haven't you worked?
Have they worked? Have they not worked? Haven't they worked?
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
1. Order the words and make questions in the present perfect.
 You/ have/ the/seen/ painting?negative
…H…a…v…e …yo…u…n…o…t …se…e…n …pa…i…nt…in…g?………………………………….
 Done/ you/ your/ homework/ have?
…H…a…v…e …yo…u…d…o…n…e …yo…u…r …ho…m…e…w…o…rk…? ………………………….
 Offended/ have/ him/ I?
H a v e I of fe n de d h im ?
… … … … … … … … … … … … … ……………………………………………..
 Where/ been/ this/ have/ morning/ you?

Where have you been this morning?
…………………………………………………………………………………
 Why/ Richard/ has/ to Europe/ travelled ?

Why has Richard travelled to Europe?
…………………………………………………………………………………
 English/ Where/ Anna/ learned/ has?
…W……he…r…e …ha…s…A…n…n…a …le…ar…n…ed……en…g…lis…h…?…………………………

 Which/ not/ fruit/ bought/ has/ he?
Which has he not bought fruit?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
53
Exercise:
Answer present perfect.Them form questions present perfect tense
 You are very fat. You…ha.v.e..b..e.e..n..p.r.a..c.t.ic..e.d (practice) sport
…H…a…ve…y…o…u n…o…t b…e…en…p…ra…ct…ice…d…sp…o…rt? .......................................?(NEGATIVE)
Please, we are in the church; you… ..h..a.v..e...s.t.o..p..p..e..d (stop) making that unpleasant noise
…H…a…ve…y…ou…n…ot…s…to…pp…ed…m…a…ki…ng…t…ha…t u…n…ple…a…sa…nt…n…oi…se…? ?
(NEGATIVE)
Turn off the TV, you...........h...a..v..e...f..in...i.s..h..e..d .............................(Finish) your homework
…H…a…v…e …yo…u…n…o…t …fin…is…h…ed…y…o…u…r h…o…m…e…w…or…k…? ?(NEGATIVE)
 You...h...a...v..e....s...p...o..k...e...n (speak) to your brother and you have tried to solve that problem
…H…a…ve…y…o…u…s…po…k…e…n …to…y…o…ur…b…ro…th…e…r …an…d…h…a…ve…y…o…u…tr…ie…d…
to…s…a…lv…e…th…a…t p…r…ob…le…m….?(NEGATIVE)
 Our teachers congrats us because we .h...a..v..e...b..e...e..n .....(be) quiet during the class
…Ha…v…e…w…e…b…e…en…u…ie…t…d…ur…in…g…th…e…c…la…s…s? .................?(NEGATIVE)
 You will have exams in two days. You ..h...a...v..e.....s..t..u..d...i.e...d (study) harder for 2 weeks.
…H…a…ve……yo…u…s…tu…d…ie…d …ha…r…de…r…fo…r…tw…o…w…e…e…ks…? ?(NEGATIVE)
 (The police officer to the protesters) You…h…a…ve…l…ef…t ……………… (leave) this place without your
ID cards.
…H…a…ve……yo…u…le…ft…t…hi…s …pl…ac…e…w…it…h…ou…t …yo…u…r …ID…c…a…rd…s…? ?
(NEGATIVE)
D. WRITING
My Vacations
Use the information below to tell us about how your vacation is going. Choose 4 things that
you have done and 2 things you haven't done for each vacation. Then tell a short story using
two sentences for each activity. (Use Present perfect )
54
E. SPEAKING
Use the questions below to ask and aswer those questions. Don’t forget you have to work with a
partner and take turns to respond them.
Asking questions each other:
1. What do you think about yourself?

2. What do you think about your life in the future?
3. What will you do after finishing your career?
F. LISTENING:
Listening to audio and answuer the questions. ( Track 8)
Listening Lab Exercise 23 - present perfect tense WH.m4a
1. Where have you been ?
2. How long have you lived here?
3. Tom has worked there for ten years.
4. Michelle hasn't had anything to eat yet today. (negative)
5. Have you done

all of your homework?
6. We haven'tseen
that movie yet. (negative)
7. Has she spoken with the teacher?
8. It hasn't rained since last week. (negative)
9. Have you had any coffee?
10. Bob has moved several times over the last year.
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_23_present_perf
ect.html
55
Lesson 4C. ALREADY STARTED TO CHANGE MY LIFE
A. WARM-UP
VIDEO
Hello, here we have a video for a greater illustration of you about perfect present
using with ALREADY, YET, JUST, STILL. Are you ready to get to work?
Retrieved from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9siOvRuefg
VIDEO EXERCISE
Use the information in the video to order the following exercise, use
present perfect structure as need it.
1. Eaten / I / already / have / lunch.
………I h…a…v…e …ea…t…en…l…un…c…h…a…lre…a…d…y.
………………………………………………………………………….
2. Car / bought / just / a / I / new.
I ju st b o ug h t a ne w c a r
……… … … … … … … … …… … … … … …………………………………………………………………….......
…….
3. Know / do / still / doesn't / she / to / what
………S…he……st…ill…d…oe…s…n…'t …wh…a…t …to…d…o……………………………………………………………...
………….
4. Finished / have / project / our / we / already
………W…e…h…a…ve…f…in…is…he…d…o…u…r …pr…o…je…ct…a…lre…a…d…y.
……………………………………..…………………
5. ? / this / yet / have / seen / you / film /
…………H…a…ve…y…o…u…s…ee…n…th…i…s …fil…m…y…et…?
…………………………………………………………………….
6. She / already / know / all her neighbours in a week
………S…he……al…re…ad…y…k…n…ow…s…a…ll…h…e…r n…e…ig…h…bo…u…rs…i…n …a…w…e…ek….
……………………………………..
7. You / have breakfast / yet?
………H…a…ve…y…o…u…h…ad……br…ea…k…fa…s…t y…e…t?
…………………………………………………………………….
8. You / not be bored / yet / in your job?
………D…id…y…ou…n…o…t …be……bo…re…d…i…n …yo…u…j…ob…j…et…?
56
………………………………………………………….
9. I / not be / yet / in your new house
………I h…a…ve……no…t …be…e…n…in…y…o…u…r n…e…w…h…o…us…e….
………………………………………………………….
10. We / watch already / that film twice
………W…e……ha…v…e …w…at…c…he…d…th…a…t …fil…m…t…wi…
ce....a...l.r..e..a...d...y................................................
57
B. VOCABULARY
Label the words with the most suitable picture.
New jobInvited to cinema Payment of money

Closed shopDatingRehearsing for the concert.
Payment of money Dating Rehersing for the concert

…………………………………………………… ………………………………………. ……………………………………………….
Closed shop
New job
……………………………………………… ……………………………………………….. Invited to cinema
………………………………………………….
Look at the table below and circle the most appropriate, in some situation more than one option can be
possible
 We are rehearsing for the concert.

Already just still ye
t
 You started that new job and you are complaining.
Already just still yet
 Thanks for the invitation, but I have seen that film.

 They hurried to the store, but it was closed.

 Are you dating Jim?

 Michael hasn't paid me all the money he owes me .

58
C. GRAMMAR: ALREADY, JUST, YET, STILL
Retrieved from: https://learn english.british council.org /intermediate-•‐grammar/just-•‐yet-•‐still-•‐already
Grammar exercise
Use the prompts and extra information to write statements in present perfect with Already,
yet, just
1. (They/ eat /exotic foods).
They have already eaten exotic foods. Earlier than
expected
They have just eaten exotic foods. Short time ago
They have not still eaten exotic food. Negative
Have they eaten exotic food yet? Interrogative
2. ( She/ runs/ close to home).
Earlier than
She have already run close to home. expected
She have just run close to home Short time ago
She have not still run close to home Negative
Have she run close to home? Interrogative
3. (My parents/ see/ the gifts to the party)
Earlier than
My parents have already seen the gifts to the party. expected
My parents have just seen the gifts to the party. Short time ago
My parents have not still seen the gifts to the party. Negative
Have my parents seen the gifts to the party? Interrogative
59
Read the sentences carefully and fill in the spaces with the correct option (YET/STILL/ALREADY/JUST).
1. They have..a...l.r..e..a...d...y finished their

homework.
2. Has it finished raining yet ?
lives there.
3. John moved to London 10 years ago and he still
4. 4. Don't come in here with those muddy shoes! I have.....j.u...s..t.. cleaned this floor !!!
5. The train has...j.u...s..t ..arrived.
6. I will not be able to go to school today because it is still snowing.
7. 7. I'm sorry You have...a...l.r..e..a...d...y missed Katie.
8. It's 11 am, and George is still in bed.
9. Jacob has....j.u...s t ..left work.
10. I've been taking English lessons for 3 months but I haven't made much progress yet .
D. WRITING
Choose a paragraph from a book you have read recently, then transform it so that it uses
the present perfect tense and adverbs ( yet, still, already, just). It must be done in 120
words and uploaded to the moodle according to your teacher´s instruction.
E. SPEAKING
Use all the information from the lesson you are working on and create a story with things you have and
have not experienced. Use adverbs Already, just, still, yet. The video must last 1 minute and it needs to
be uploaded to the moodle according to your teacher´s instruction.
60
F. LISTENING
Listen to the explanation and work on the activity below (Track 9)
u14_6min_grammar_download.mp3
Adverb Meaning Position Example

Just An action Usually I just left the
happened a before the house.
very short time main verb
ago
Already An action Usually I already
happened before the got the
sooner than main verb tickets!
expected
Still An action was Usually But
expected to before the I’m still
finish sooner main verb getting ready.
Yet An action is Usually at the And I have not
expected to end of the eaten yet.
happen sentence
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate/unit-

14/downloads
Read the statement and listen to the audio to complete the sentences with the correct adverb. You can
help you with the table above. (Track 9)
1. The book was supposed to be here last week but it hasn’t arrived.
2. I’ve been to the Air and Space Museum. Let’s try the Museum of Natural History instead.
3. She arrived ten minutes ago. We’re going to catch up first then we’ll come meet you.
4. Have you left work ? I want to tell you a funny story about my day!
5. Is the food ready ? He’s hungry.
6. Do you live in Washington, DC?
7. My bag was here a minute ago. Where did it go?
8. I know what you got me for my birthday!
61
Unit 5
TENSES
Unit objective:
describe past events
which are connected with
present time or not.
Learning outcome:
 Inferring from
context
writing.
and general
information
 Mentioning past
experiences
 Ask for clarification
 Show their opinion
indirectly
 Identifying
vocabulary about
search engines
information
UNIT 5. TENSES
Lesson 5A. SEARCH ENGINES
A. WARM-UP
READING
Read the following Web article. Pay special attention to the present perfect tense
Reading exercise
Underline the present perfect tense in each sentence. Then tell if the sentence is true or false
a) Google has grown over the True
years.
b) Sergey Brin has lived in the U.S. all his life. False
c) Larry Page and Sergey Brin have known each other since they were children. False
d) Larry Page has been interested in computers since he was a True
child.
e) Brin and Page have returned to college to finish their degrees. False
f) Brin and Page have become rich. True
g) The noun “Google” has become a verb. True
Read the following questions and answer them with your own information
a. Do you use the Internet a lot? Why?
_
Yes, I do. I use it,because it's essencial to everything nowdays. _
b. What search engine do you usually use?

_
I usually use Google Chrome.
61
c. How often do you use Google to search for information?
I often use google to search for information. _
_
d. Do you have a Gmail account? Do you use another Google product? Which ones?
Yes, I have a gmail account. Yes, of course, I always use meet and play _
store and also maps. _
B. VOCABULARY
Read the vocabulary about search engines and circle them in the reading above
1-Degree Qualification given to a student after he or she has completed his or her
studies. ( )
2-Founder Someone who establishes an organization. ( )
3-Research A study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information.
( )
4-Search engine A computer program that finds information on the internet by looking
for words that you have typed in. ( )
5-Rival A person, group, etc. Competing with others for the same thing or
in the same area. ( )
6- A picture, short film, song, etc. That tries to persuade people to
Advertisement buy a product or service. ( )
(AD)
7-Banner An advertisement that appears across the top of a page on the internet
or in a newspaper. ( )
Read the vocabulary above and select the most suitable word for each statement.
a. Many scientists around the world are working really hard. They are doing some reserch
to find out the best medicine to attack Covid-19.
b. Also, some rival companies forgot their problems and now they are working
together investing huge amounts of money in research that allow these companies to get a
vaccine.
c. At the beginning, founder of this company didn´t like to use banners to
promote their sales of cosmetic. However, nowadays if you go to any shopping mall
you can see a big advertisement at the entrance of each store.
C. GRAMMAR: SIMPLE PAST VS. PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect Simple Past Simple
1.Unfinished actions that started in 1.Finished actions
the past and continue to the
present
2.A finished action in someone's life 2.A finished action in someone's life (when
(when the person is still alive: life the person is dead):
experience)
3.A finished action with a result in 3.A finished action with no result in the present
the present
4.With an unfinished-time word 4. With a finished-time word (last week,
(this week, this month, today): last month, yesterday):
Last night, last year, yesterday, today, ago, Before, already, yet, for, since, recently, still, time
first, then, later, when.
62
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
Do not confuse the present perfect with the simple past. Read the examples and identify the use
of simple past (a) or present perfect (b) use in context.
EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Compare:
a. Sergey Brin came to the U.S. in 1979. Sentences ( ) show a single action in
b.Sergey Brin has been in the U.S. since 1979. the past. This action does not continue.
a. Brin and Page started Google in 1998. Sentences ( ) show the continuation
b. Google has been popular since 1998. of an
action or state from the past to the present.
a. When did Brin come to the U.S.? Question ( ) with when uses the
b. How long has Brin been in the U.S.? simple past tense. Question ( ) with
How long uses the present perfect
tense.
Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.
a. (It/Not/Rain/This Week)
This week it was not rain
b. ( The Weather/Be/Cold/Recently)
The weather have been cold recently.
c. (It/Be/Cold/Last Week)
It has been cold last week.
d. ( I /Not/Read/A Newspaper/Last Week)

I didn't read a newspaper last week.
e. ( I /Not /Read/ A Newspaper /Today)
I didn't read a newspaper today.
f. ( Emily /Earn/A Lot Of Money/This Year)
Emily has earned a lot of money this year.
g. (She/Not/Earn/So Much/ Last Year)
h. (You/Have/A Holiday Recently?)
Have you been in a holiday recently?
Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
a. Ow! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.

b. Drugs have become a big problem everywhere.
c. Who has invented paper?
d. Where have you been born?
e. Ellie isn’t at home. She’s gone shopping.
f. Albert Einstein has been the
scientist who has developed the
theory of relativity.
g. I’ve bought a new car. You must come and see it.
h. I’ve bought a new car last week.
i. Where have you been yesterday evening?
j. Lucy has left school in 1999.
k. I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?
l. Have you been to Paris?’ ‘Yes, many times.’
m. I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten much today.
n. When has this book been published
63
D. WRITING
Students write two paragraphs talking about what they have and haven't done, providing more information
on things they have done using the simple past. I often peer correct for this activity.
(Write 80 words for each paragraphs).
E. SPEAKING
Work with a classmate. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions.
1. What do you think use the Internet in the education?
2. Do you use the Internet for studying?
3. Do you think the Internet is important for the future?
F. LISTENING
Listen and write the questions you hear. ( Track 10)
1. What 3 things does the speaker say you need to do before you begin painting?
2. Why did the man start working with Steve?
3.. What animal does the man think Steve is similar to?
4. Who do you think paid more attention to the work, Steve or the speaker?
5. Did the speaker socialize with Steve when they weren’t painting together?
64
Lesson 5B. THEY ARE READY, AREN´T THEY?
A. WARM-UP
VIDEO : TAG QUESTIONS
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWwcWk4q2OU
Listen to the audio and fill in the space with the grammar structure you hear.
a. Road trip are great,

b. He is very proud of everything he gets right,
c. Lala is amazing,
d. He is kind of spongy,
e. A pen is a simple thing,
f. They are a pretty good team,
g. Series developer make serious income,
h. They look almost exactly the same,
i. Kevin has a big surprise in store
j. He didn’t ask for a n increase,
k. He hasn´t been clear on this question,
l. They have learned over the last week,
1. Watch the video and check your answers in exercise 1.
65
B.GRAMMAR:
TAG QUESTIONS
It is a statement followed by a
mini- question. We use tag
questions to ask for confirmation.
The tone of voice at the moment of using question tag can indicate:
1. If rising intonation, it is a real question.
2. If intonation falls, it is not a real question-sarcastic comment.
Structures:
Affirmative-----------------------negative
Negative----------------------------affirmative
Examples:
 She plays soccer, doesn´t she?

 We didn’t come at home, did we?
 She isn´t from Ecuador, is she?
 Susy and peter have developed a new program, haven´t they?
 I was doing an exercise, wasn´t I?
 He can´t talk fast, can he?
 They should start a new life style, shouldn´t they?
Exception:
Negative adverbs He never came, did he?
We are rarely late, are we?
Imperatives
Take a seat, won't you?
Don’t open that, will
you?
Some more special cases
I am right, aren't I?
66
LET`S PRACTICE
Write the most suitable question tag.
1. He isn’t my friend anymore, is it?
2. They work together there, don't they?
3. My mom won`t give me that phone, will she?
4. We will be marrying at this time next week, won't we?
5. We haven’t got any illness, have we?
6. The mustn´t be so much late, must it?
7. She is taller than me, isn't she?
8. Tanya threw up a lot yesterday morning, didn't she?
D. SPEAKING
Create a dialogue where you have to include tag questions. You are free to choose the tenses or make a
mixed of tenses. Once you finish the dialogue film yourself presenting the dialogue, you will have to
perform all the roles. The video must last 2 minutes in length.
67
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https://www.allthingsgrammar.com/
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2021

LESSON TITLE VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

Expression for Present

UNIT 2. PROBABILITIES AND POSSIBILITIES

LESSON TITLE VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

LESSON TITLE VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

3a. Applying For Job Interview Getting a Intensifiers 1 A Job Interview

UNIT 4. PERFECT TENSES

LESSON VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

LESSON TITLE VOCABULARY READING GRAMMAR LISTENING

5a. Search Search Engines Google Present Perfect Painting

5b. They are

Lesson 1A. Plans and promises

Match each word with its right definition.

Update D a. Poor health.

Many companies around the world are worried about 1 creativity . It is

GRAMMAR EXERCISES: BE GOING TO

Put the verbs into the correct form of will.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES: WILL VS. BE GOING TO

LANDFILL SITE NEAR OUR CITADEL

1. Intentions and future plans.

a. Sara: We don’t have any fruits in our

1. David McClain is traveling around the world because he wants to

Retrieved from: LIFE 3, unit 5.

1. Who is giving a party?

EXPRESSIONS TO MAKE ARRANGEMENTS, ACEPTING OR REJECTING

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ARRANGEMENTS

Attend/Visit/Record / Have/ Start /Make /Go/Get/Stay/ Move/Do

2. What time are you waking up tomorrow?

6. Are you reading a book after this class?

Make the present continuous, positive or negative

8) (I / not / meet my father at four)

9) (My parents / travel to Quito tonight)

10) (My niece/ not / go to the party)

Morning Afternoon Evening

Monday Wake up and clean Stay at work Have online classes.

Wednesday Wake up and go to work Stay at work Have online classes.

Thursday Get ready to work Travel to work Have online classes.

Saturday Have online classes

Sunday Go to church Go to eat with family

1. What is Mardi Gras festival?

a. the biggest b. Halloween c. party

a. the reporter b. a foreigner c. a local native

3. People from Mardi Gras …

a. sell their b. make their own c. buy their

4. What is Lore doing this afternoon?

a. eating b. riding through c. making

a. It develops culture b. It generates work c. It makes people

Retrieved from: Life 3, unit 6, lesson b

1. Samir wants to travel to five different places. True False

a. Develop a healthy exercise routine

C. GRAMMAR: FUTURE TENSES

1. She will hit you if you say that bad word.

are going to fly

are watching is going to come

are going to open

are you doing

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkKmQHpAHWc

2. What is doing Stacy at the moment of speaking with Brandon?

3. What is Stacy doing on Tuesday?

4. Where is Brandon going to be on Wednesday?

5. What is Stacy doing on Friday?