CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

Flexural Design
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
Ref.:
Design of Concrete Structures by A. Nilson

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF DOUBLY BEAM BY USD METHOD

A 2 m long cantilever beam is to resist an external live load of 50
kN/m and calculated dead load of 20 kN/m in addition to its self
weight. Due to architectural requirements the beam width cannot
exceed 250 mm and its depth should be limited to 400 mm. Design
the beam. C-30 concrete reinforced with 500W MS bar shall be
used.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-1 : List the given data and calculate the parameters

Length of beam, L = 2 m
Live load, LL = 60 kN/m
Additional ADL = 20 kN/m
Concrete’s compressive strength, 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟑𝟎 N/mm2
Steel’s yield strength, fy = 500 Mpa = 500 N/mm2

For economy, we should use the available concrete section

So, beam width, b = 250 mm and beam depth, h = 400 mm
Assuming a concrete cover of 50 mm and 2 layers of tensile bars, deducting a
total of 75 mm, Effective depth, d = h – 75 = 325 mm

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-1 : List the given data and calculate the parameters

𝟐𝟓𝟎×𝟒𝟎𝟎
Self weight, 𝑺𝑾 = × 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟓 kN/m [considering unit weight of concrete as 25 kN/m3]
𝟏𝟎𝟔
Total deal load, DL = ADL + SW = 22.5 kN/m
Factored load, w = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL = 123 kN/m
𝒘𝑳𝟐
Design moment, 𝑴𝒖 = = 246 kN.m = 246 × 106 N.mm
𝟐

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-2 : Check for singly action

Let us check whether singly reinforcement is sufficient or not.
Maximum steel ratio,
𝑓𝑐′ ∈𝑢 30 0.003
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 = 0.85 × 0.85 × × = 0.0163
𝑓𝑦 ∈𝑢 +∈𝑡 500 0.003 + 0.005
Let us use maximum steel. Therefore, for singly condition maximum steel,
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑏𝑑 = 0.0163 × 250 × 325 = 1324 mm2
Flexural resistance provided by As in singly condition,
𝑎
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-2 : Check for singly action

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 1324 × 500
𝑎= ′ = = 103.8 mm
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑏 0.85 × 30 × 250
103.8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.9 × 1324 × 500 × 325 − = 162.7 ×106N.mm
2
As flexural resistance by maximum steel in singly condition is not sufficient for
resisting the design moment, i.e., 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 162.7 ×106N.mm < 246 × 106 N.mm
doubly reinforcement is necessary.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-3 : Calculation of compression steel

Assume a cover for compression steel, 𝑑′ = 50 𝑚𝑚
The part of design moment to be carried by compression steel,
𝑀1 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 246 − 162.7 ×106 = 83.3×106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
We have,
𝑀1 = ∅𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝑑′
→ 0.9 × 𝐴𝑠 ′ × 500 × 325 − 50 = 83.3×106
→ 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 673.3 𝑚𝑚2
2, Ø16 mm bars and 1, Ø20 mm bars can be used producing, 𝑨𝒔 ′ = 𝟕𝟏𝟔. 𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-4 : Calculation of tensile steel

Actual flexural resistance of 𝑨𝒔 ′
𝑀1 = ∅𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝑑′ = 0.9 × 716.3 × 500 × 325 − 50 = 88.6×106 N.mm
Remaining moment
𝑀2 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀1 = 246 − 88.6 ×106 = 157.4×106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 which must be resisted
by tensile steel.
Now, for tensile steel,
′ 𝑎
𝑀2 = ∅ 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-4 : Calculation of tensile steel

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 − 716.3 × 500
𝑎= ′ = = 0.078𝐴𝑠 − 56.2
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑏 0.85 × 30 × 250
0.078𝐴𝑠 − 56.2
𝑀2 = 157.4×106 = 0.9 × 𝐴𝑠 − 716.3 × 500 325 −
2
Solving, 𝐴𝑠 = 1986 𝒎𝒎𝟐 which can be ensured by providing 3, Ø25 mm bars and
2, Ø20 mm bars in 2 rows.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-4 : Calculation of tensile steel (Alternate)

Tensile steel area,
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐴𝑠 ′
= 1324 + 673.3 = 1997.3 𝑚𝑚2 which can be ensured by providing 3, Ø25 mm bars
and 2, Ø20 mm bars in 2 rows.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STEP-5 : Draw the working diagram

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-207: Engineering Geology & Geomorphology

ANY QESTIONS ??

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
THANK YOU