CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

Design for Shear

SIMPLE BEAMS
Ref.:
Design of Concrete Structures by A. Nilson

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

EFFECT OF SHEAR FORCE

❑ Shear force, i.e., net unbalanced transverse force at a beam section
tends to move the section in the direction of that force resulting in
diagonal tension failure.
❑ To resist this effect vertical shear reinforcement is used which are
popularly known as “Stirrup” or “web reinforcement”.
❑ Shear failure is difficult to predict accurately and not fully
understood yet.
❑ A higher safety margin is thus required in case of shear design. A
lower strength reduction factor of 0.75 is used in this case.
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

EFFECT OF SHEAR FORCE

Ref. A. Nilson 14th ed., page 121,126

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

FUNCTIONS OF STIRRUPS
❑ To provide resistance against shear and torsion
❑ To prevent the formation of cracks due to diagonal tension
❑ To hold the main reinforcing bars in position
❑ To prevent movement of longitudinal bars during construction
❑ To improve ductility and strength

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

Le/2
Le/2
SFD

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

❑ Factored shear force, 𝑽𝒖 at any section can be found from SFD of the
beam. 𝑽𝒖 = ∅𝑽𝒏 𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆, 𝑽𝒏 = 𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
❑ Total nominal shear force at a section is resisted partly by concrete
and partly by steel. 𝑽𝒏 = 𝑽𝒄 + 𝑽𝒔
❑ Shear force resisted by concrete, 𝑽𝒄 = 2𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝜆 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
= 0.85 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
= 0.75 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
❑ Shear force resisted by steel,
𝐷
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑛𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑆 [𝐴𝑣 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝]
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

❑ 𝑽𝒖 = ∅𝑽𝒏 = ∅ 𝑽𝒄 + 𝑽𝒔 = ∅𝑽𝒄 + ∅𝑽𝒔
❑ 𝑽𝒖 is the shear applied to the beam and ∅𝑽𝒄 & ∅𝑽𝒔 resist it.
❑ Theoretically, if shear resistance of concrete, ∅𝑽𝒄 is equal to or more
than applied shear 𝑽𝒖 , there is no need of ∅𝑽𝒔 as concrete itself is
sufficient to resist all the applied shear.
𝟏
❑ To ensure a safety, ACI code states that, when 𝟐 ∅𝑽𝒄 is more than or
equal to 𝑽𝒖 , there is no need of providing stirrup to resist shear force.
However, a minimum amount of stirrup may still be required to keep
the main bars in position.
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

𝟏
❑ When 𝟐 ∅𝑽𝒄 is less than 𝑽𝒖 , ∅𝑽𝒄 is more than 𝑽𝒖 , still theoretically not
requiring any stirrup, then a minimum amount of stirrup with a certain
maximum spacing is provided. According to ACI code maximum spacing
of stirrup,
If 𝝓𝑽𝒔 < 𝟒𝝓 𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒅, Take the minimum of
𝑨𝒗 𝒇 𝒚 𝒅
𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒊𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒"
𝟓𝟎𝒃 𝟐
If 𝝓𝑽𝒔 > 𝟒𝝓 𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒅, Take the minimum of
𝑨𝒗 𝒇 𝒚 𝒅
𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒊𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐"
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒃 𝟒
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

❑ When ∅𝑽𝒄 is less than 𝑽𝒖 , provision of stirrup with a resistance of
∅𝑽𝒔 = 𝑽𝒖 − ∅𝑽𝒄 is mandatory.
𝐷
∅𝑉𝑠 = ∅𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑽𝒖 − ∅𝑽𝒄
𝑆
❑ Shear is critical at a distance of effective depth “d” from support. So
maximum stirrup is required there, i.e. minimum spacing 𝑺𝒎𝒊𝒏 is to
applied there. Replacing D with d and S with Smin
∅𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑽𝒖 − ∅𝑽𝒄

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

❑ As shear is critical at a distance “d” from support, so the magnitude of
critical shear is somewhat lower than 𝑽𝒖 . If 𝑽𝒖𝒅 is the critical shear, for
simple beam with UDL,
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
2𝑑
Also we may use, 𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 1 − 𝐿 × 𝑉𝑢
𝑒
here, Le = effective span = L+d; L= Clear Span
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
And the formula takes the form 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑽𝒖𝒅 −∅𝑽𝒄
Check: for minimum spacing 𝜙𝑉𝑠 < 8𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 condition should be met, otherwise bar dia is to be increased

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : FORMULATIONS

❑ Similarly stirrup spacing 𝑺, at any section with a shear force of 𝑽𝒖𝒙
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑆=
𝑽𝒖𝒙 − ∅𝑽𝒄
Shear force at a distance “x” from support 𝑽𝒖𝒙 can be calculated for
simple beam with UDL as,
2𝑥
𝑉𝑢𝑥 = 1 − × 𝑉𝑢
𝐿𝑒
Location of certain shear force 𝑉𝑢𝑥 from support “x” can be calculated as
𝑉𝑢𝑥 𝐿𝑒
𝑥 = 1− ×
Md. Roknuzzaman 𝑉𝑢 2
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

A 350 mm X 600 mm RC beam is uniformly loaded with a dead load of
25 kN/m and a live load of 21 kN/m over a simple span of 8 m. The beam
is made of C-30 concrete reinforced with 500W MS bars. Design its web
reinforcement and determine,
i. Minimum spacing of stirrup and its application range
ii. Maximum spacing of stirrup and its application range
iii. The zone where no stirrup is needed

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-1: Calculation of parameters
Given data,
Beam width, b = 350 mm
Beam depth, h = 600 mm
Live load, LL = 21 kN/m
Dead Load, DL = 25 kN/m +Self weight
Clear Span, L = 8 m
Concrete strength, 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐
Steel strength, 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-1: Calculation of parameters
Assuming a clear cover = 50 mm and 2 layers of longitudinal bars,
deducting a total of 100 mm,
Effective depth, d = 600-100 = 500 mm
𝟑𝟓𝟎×𝟔𝟎𝟎
Self weight = 𝟏𝟎𝟔 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
DL = 25+5.04=30.04 kN/m
Factored load, 𝑾𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝑫𝑳 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳𝑳 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝟓𝟎𝟎
Effective Span, 𝑳𝒆 = 𝑳 + 𝒅 = 𝟖 + = 𝟖. 𝟓 𝒎 = 𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-1: Calculation of parameters

x x

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-2: Check for stirrup requirement
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑒 69.65×8.5
Factored shear force, 𝑉𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 296.013 𝑘𝑁 = 296013 𝑁

350 × 500
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 2𝜙𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 = 2 × 0.75 × 1 × 30 × 145 ×
25.4 × 25.4

= 26835 lb = 26835 × 0.0044 𝑘𝑁 = 118 𝑘N = 118000 N

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-2: Check for stirrup requirement
1
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 59 𝑘N < 𝑉𝑢
2

Therefore, stirrup is required.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-3: Minimum Spacing Calculation
Shear is critical at a distance “d” from support face.

Critical Shear,
500
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑊u 𝑑 = 296.013 − 69.65 × = 261.188 𝑘𝑁 = 261188 𝑁
1000

2𝑑 2×0.5
Or, 𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 1 − × 𝑉𝑢 = 1 − × 296.013 = 261.188 𝑘N
𝐿𝑒 8.5

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-3: Minimum Spacing Calculation
Considering 10 mm bars (area = 78.5 mm2) as U-stirrup,
Minimum spacing,
𝜙𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 0.75× 78.5×2 ×500×500
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉 = = 205.59 mm ≈ 200 𝑚𝑚 C/C
𝑢𝑑 −𝜙𝑉𝑐 261188−118000
Check:
𝑑 500
𝜙𝑉𝑠 = ∅𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟕𝟖. 𝟓 × 2 × 500 = 147188 𝑁
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 200
8𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 = 118000 × 4 = 472000 𝑁
Since, 𝜙𝑉𝑠 < 8𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑, no need to revise the design.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-3: Minimum Spacing Calculation
Minimum spacing, 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 will start at a distance “d” (= 500 mm) from support face
and will be continued upto the point where shear force, 𝑉𝑢𝑥 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 118000 𝑁.
Let the distance = x from support face. Using similar triangle,
𝑉𝑢𝑥 𝐿𝑒 118000 8500
𝑥 = 1− × = 1− × = 2556 𝑚𝑚 = 2.256 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 2 296013 2
Therefore, application range of minimum spacing @200 mm C/C will be from 0.5
m to 2.256 m measured from either support

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-4: Maximum Spacing Calculation
𝜙𝑉𝑠 = 147188 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑 = 118000 × 2 = 236000 N
Since, 𝜙𝑉𝑠 < 4𝜙 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑑,
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 (𝑝𝑠𝑖) (78.5 × 2) × (500 × 145) × 25.4
𝑖) 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 2
= 25.5 𝑖𝑛 = 648 𝑚𝑚
50𝑏 50 × 350 × 25.4
500
𝑖𝑖) 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 250 mm
2
𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 24" = 609.6 𝑚𝑚

We shall accept, 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 250 𝑚𝑚 C/C

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-4: Maximum Spacing Calculation
Minimum spacing, 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 will start at a distance 2.256 m from support face and
1
will be continued upto the point where shear force, 𝑉𝑢𝑥 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 59000 𝑁.
2
Let the distance = x from support face. Using similar triangle,
𝑉𝑢𝑥 𝐿𝑒 59000 8500
𝑥 = 1− × = 1− × = 3403 𝑚𝑚 = 3.403 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 2 296013 2
Therefore, application range of maximum spacing @250 mm C/C will be from
2.256 m to 3.403 m measured from either support

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-5: No stirrup zone
1
Stirrup is not required after the point where, 𝑉𝑢𝑥 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐
upto mid-span.
2
Therefore no stirrup is required from 3.403 𝑚 𝑡𝑜 4.25 𝑚

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STIRRUP : PRACTICE

Step-6: Working Diagram

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-207: Engineering Geology & Geomorphology

ANY QESTIONS ??

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
THANK YOU