RAFFLES INSTITUTION

2013 Year 6 Preliminary Examination

Higher 3

MATHEMATICS 9824/01
Paper 1 26 September 2013
3 hours

Additional materials: Answer Paper

List of Formulae (MF15)
1 Cover Sheet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and CT group on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all the questions.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in
the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the
question.
You are expected to use a graphic calculator.
Unsupported answers from a graphic calculator are allowed unless a question
specifically states otherwise.
Where unsupported answers from a graphic calculator are not allowed in a question, you
are required to present the mathematical steps using mathematical notations and not
calculator commands.
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

This document consists of 6 printed pages.

© RI 2013 [Turn over
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Answer all the questions.

1 (a) A function f is defined on the real numbers such that

• f is an even function
• f (x) = f (x + 2)
• f(x) = ⎢⎣ 2x ⎥⎦ for 2 ≤ x < 3.
For any real number x, ⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦ denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x. For
example, ⎢⎣3.7⎥⎦ = 3, ⎢⎣ 4 ⎥⎦ = 4.
Sketch the graph of y = f(x) for −3 < x < 3. [4]

(b) A function g is defined on [0, 1] such that

⎧ 1
⎪ 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤
⎪ 2
g(x) = ⎨ .
⎪ 2(1− x) for 1 < x ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2
2
(i) Sketch the graphs of y = g(x) and y = g (x) on separate diagrams. [3]
1
(ii) Deduce
∫g
0
2013
(x) dx . [1]

1 1 1
( )
n
2 (a) Let Sn = 1− + − + −1 .
3 5 2n + 1
( )
n
(i) State the sum of the series 1− x 2 + x 4 − + −1 x 2n . [1]

π 1 2n+2
x
+ ( −1)
∫
n
(ii) Hence show that Sn = 2
dx. [2]
4 0 1+ x

π 1
(iii) Deduce that S n differs from by at most . [2]
4 2n + 3
π
sin(2n +1)x
∫
4
(b) (i) Given that I n = dx , show that, for any positive integer n,
0 sin x
1 ⎛1 ⎞
I n − I n−1 = sin ⎜ nπ ⎟ . [2]
n ⎝2 ⎠
π
sin11x
∫
4
(ii) Hence or otherwise find the exact value of dx. [2]
0 sin x

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∫
n+1
1 1 1 1 1 dx
3 (i) Sketch the graph of y = and hence explain why + + + ... + > . [3]
x 1 2 3 n 1 x
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = sin x and determine the largest constant a such that
π
ax ≤ sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ . [2]
2
(iii) Part of a proof of convergence and divergence of series in a textbook is as follows.
(1) Let n be a positive integer. Then
n
1 2 n 1
(2) ∑
i =1
sin ≥ ∑
i π i =1 i
2
(3) ≥ ln(n + 1).
π
n n n
21 1 1
(4) ∑i =1
sin ≤ ∑
i i =1 i 2
< 1 + ∑
i = 2 i (i − 1)
< 2.

Explain the second and third lines of the proof. [2]

1 1 1
Hence determine for every positive integer k, if the series sin k + sin k + sin k + ... is
1 2 3
convergent or divergent. [3]

x2 − a2
4 The graph of the curve C with equation y = where a is a positive constant is
x 2 − 2a 2
shown below.

x = − 2a y x = 2a

( 0, 0.5) y =1

O x
( −a,0) ( a,0)

The point P with x-coordinates p ( p ≠ 0 ) lies on C. Show that the normal to C at P cuts
⎛ (
p 2 − 2a 2 ⎞ )
2
p 2
− a 2
the y-axis at the point ⎜ 0, 2 − ⎟. [4]
⎜ p − 2a 2 2a 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
The circle D, with center on the y-axis, touches all three branches of C.
2
⎛ (
p 2 − 2a 2 ⎞ ) ( )
2 4
p 2 p 2 − 2a 2
(i) Show that ⎜ − ⎟ =p +
2
. [4]
⎝
(
⎜ 2 p 2 − 2a 2) 2a 2 ⎟
⎠
4a 4
(ii) Hence, find the Cartesian equation of D. [4]

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5 Each morning, Professor X goes to work by first leaving his house at O for the bus-stop at
P shown in the street network shown below.

B C

(a) Find the number of shortest routes from O to P if

(i) he must pass through the bakery located at A, [2]
(ii) he cannot pass through A or use the path BC. [3]

(b) At the bakery, he decides to buy bread, to be placed into 3 identical Tupperware
(containers) labeled Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner. How many ways are there for him
(i) to place 7 Kaya buns into the 3 Tupperware? [1]
(ii) to place 10 distinct buns into the 3 Tupperware? [1]

(c) Unfortunately, two of the labels dropped off. How many ways are there to distribute
the 10 distinct buns into the 3 Tupperware? [3]

(d) After work, on his way home, he decides to pass by the bakery shop again. He
realizes that the last label has also dropped off. He decides to buy 7 Kaya buns and 1
butter bun. How many ways are there for him to place the 8 buns and into the 3
identical Tupperware? [3]

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6 A postman in the Town of Fiore has a bad habit of delivering letters to the wrong houses.
On a street with n houses, each house has been mailed exactly one letter. Let an be the
number of ways the postman delivers n letters to the n houses so that no letter gets to the
correct house and Sk be the set of all possible distributions of the n letters to the n houses
such that the correct letter is delivered to House k.

(i) Find a1 , a2 , a3 . [2]

(ii) Show that an = (n −1)[an−1 + an−2 ] for n ≥ 3. [3]
(iii) Hence find a10 . [1]
(iv) Explain why Si1 ∩ Si2 ∩... ∩ Sik = (n − k)! for pairwise distinct i1, i2 ,..., ik . [1]
(v) Hence show that the number of ways the postman delivers n letters to n houses so that
at least one letter gets to the correct house is given by
⎛ 1 1 (−1)n−1 ⎞
n!⎜ 1 − + −... + . [2]
⎝ 2! 3! n! ⎟⎠
an
(vi) By considering the Maclaurin series of e x or otherwise, find lim and interpret this
n→∞ n!
result in the context of the question. [4]

dP 3P 2
7 The population P(t ) of animals in the zoo safari is governed by the model = 6P − ,
dt 200
where t is the time in weeks.

(i) Determine the carrying capacity of the zoo safari. [1]

(ii) Determine the range of values of P for which the population is strictly increasing and
strictly decreasing respectively. [2]
(iii) Solve the differential equation if P(0) = 200 . [6]
dP
(iv) Sketch a graph of against P, labeling the axial intercepts and turning point(s). In
dt
2013, a contagious disease named L1N2 affected the animals and killed the infected
animals within a day. What is the maximum number of animals that may be infected
each week to ensure the continual survival of the animal population? [2]
(v) Suppose P(0) = 1000 . Discuss the long term impact on the animal population based
on the maximum infecting rate per week in (iv). Justify your conclusion. [2]

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8 The motion of a mass suspended from a spring in vibrating system is described by the
differential equation
d2 x dx
2
+ r + 25 x = 0 , where r is a positive constant.
dt dt

dx
(a) Give a name for the term −r and explain how this term arises. [2]
dt
(b) Find the range of values of r for which the system illustrates over-damping. [2]

(c) Let r = 6 .

(i) Find the general solution of the equation. [4]

(ii) It is given that initially, the mass is at rest and x = 3 . Show that the amplitude of
15
the oscillations cannot exceed . [5]
4
(iii) Describe the return of the mass to its equilibrium position. [1]

9 A solution to the differential equation

dy
=y
dx
has y(0) = 1.

(i) Use the Euler method with step size h to estimate y(h). [1]
(ii) Let yn be the estimate of y(nh) where n ≥ 1 . Express yn in terms of n and h. [2]
(iii) Determine the least value of n such that the percentage error in the approximate value
of y(1) obtained by Euler’s method is less than 1%. [4]
(iv) If the Improved Euler’s method is used, would the value of n found in (iii) be smaller
or larger? Give a reason for your answer. [1]

END OF PAPER

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