Geometry Week 7 - 2689 Introduction To Geometry

10/12/21, 8:28 PM 2689 Introduction to Geometry
Introduction to Geometry (2689)

Achilleas Sinefakopoulos
Friday
Apr 30, 2021 - Oct 8, 2021
7:30 - 9:00 PM ET (4:30 - 6:00 PM PT)
Overview
Week 7 (Jun 11) Class Transcript - Special Parts of a Triangle
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Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:29:14
Hi, everyone!
Sunshine2016
2021-06-11 19:29:33
Hi!
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi!
Sarah010
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi
apple.xy
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi!!
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hello!
SpencerSun
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hai
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hello
pwr
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hello!
cwc28
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi achilleas
Mathqueen20
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hi
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 19:29:33
Hi!
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:29:33
hello
dan09
2021-06-11 19:29:33
Hello!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:29:42
Welcome back! Let's quickly recap what we studied last time.
Typesetting math: 100%
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/2689-intro-geometry/transcript/40735 1/46
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:29:46
We started with Pythagorean triples, which are triplets of integers that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem. Some Pythagorean
triples are {3, 4, 5}, {5, 12, 13}, {7, 24, 25}, {8, 15, 17}. Remember that we can multiply the sides by the same number to
generate new Pythagorean triples.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:29:56
Next, we solved some problems that involved drawing in altitudes to apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:05
We also studied HL congruence and HL similarity:
HL congruence: if the leg and hypotenuse of one right triangle equal the leg and hypotenuse of another right triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.
HL similarity: if the ratio of a leg to the hypotenuse of one right triangle equals the ratio of a leg to the hypotenuse of another right
triangle, then the triangles are similar.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:25
We did a bit of circle geometry as well. We showed that a radius bisects a chord if the radius is perpendicular to the chord. We also
showed the converse, namely that a radius is perpendicular to a chord if the radius bisects the chord.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:37
We then proved Heron's Formula: the area of a triangle with sides a, b, c is √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c), where s is the
semiperimeter (half the perimeter) of the triangle. This allows us to compute the area of any triangle given its side lengths.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:47
Introduction to Geometry
Week 7: Special Parts of a Triangle
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:54
We now turn to the special parts in a triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:30:57
There are a number of surprising relationships about special parts of a triangle. For the rest of today's class and most of next
week's class, we will be discussing these relationships, and how to use them to solve problems.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:31:05
Perpendicular Bisectors
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:31:13
The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is the line that is perpendicular to the segment and that goes through the segment's
midpoint. Let's take a look at a diagram:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:31:16


Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:31:25
A key property of the perpendicular bisector m is that all points on m are equidistant from A and B. That is for any point C on m,
AC = BC. But we can't just take this property for granted. What do we have to do?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it!
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it!
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
grayspider
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it!
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it!
Evang12
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
Sunshine2016
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 19:31:58
Prove it!
Siella
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it
pwr
2021-06-11 19:31:58
prove it!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:32:00
Let's prove it!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:32:05
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Let's consider a point C on line m. We are concerned with the distance to A and to B, so we draw in the segments AC and BC .
We also want to build triangles, since we know a lot about triangles!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:32:18

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:32:25
How do we go about proving that AC = BC ?
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:33:26
Congurent triangles
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:33:26
prove that triangles ADC and BDC are congruent
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:33:26
We have to prove that triangle ADC is congruent to triangle BDC
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 19:33:26
we prove that both triangles are congruent
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:33:26
Congruent triangles.
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:33:26
congruent triangles
SpencerSun
2021-06-11 19:33:26
the Pythagorean thereom!
pwr
2021-06-11 19:33:26
prove triangles DCB and DCA are congruent
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 19:33:26
Pythagorean theorem
LONC123
2021-06-11 19:33:26
Pythagorean theorem
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:33:26
proving that triangles ADC and BDC are congruent
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:33:26
triangles ACD and BCD are congruent
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:33:54
Right! You have suggested two of the most favorite ways.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:34:02
Congruent triangles method:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:34:06
Conveniently,
Typesetting math: we have
100% two triangles that appear congruent. How can we prove they are congruent?
ReaderB
2021-06-11 19:34:35
SAS
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:34:35
SAS congruence theorem
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:34:35
SAS
KindKitty
2021-06-11 19:34:35
SAS
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:34:35
SAS
Teediv
2021-06-11 19:34:35
We can prove them by SAS
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:34:38
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
We know that AD = BD because of the definition of a midpoint. The triangles also share side DC which of course is congruent
to itself. And we have 90 degree angles for ∠ADC and ∠BDC. So by SAS, we conclude that △ADC and △BDC are
congruent.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:34:50
Pythagorean theorem method:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:34:56
We can compute those distances, AC and BC, using the Pythagorean theorem! Indeed, we have
2 2 2 2
AC = √AD + CD = √BD + CD = BC.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:35:06
Notice that we used AD = BD in the middle of that computation. Also notice that we didn't start with AC = BC and get a true
statement, but manipulated AC until we got BC.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:35:15
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This tells us that AC = BC. This is true for any point C on m, so all points on the perpendicular bisector of AB are equidistant
from A and B.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:35:26
This is a useful general proof strategy: we wanted to prove something about all the points on a line, so we took an arbitrary point
on the line and proved it for that point. Since the point we chose was arbitrary, this proves it for every point on the line.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:35:41
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
So, we have proven the statement: If C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB, then C is equidistant from A and B.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:35:52
Let's see if the converse is true. How do you state the converse?
pwr
2021-06-11 19:37:30
If C is equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:37:30
If C is equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of line segment AB
Evang12
2021-06-11 19:37:30
if a point C is equidistant from A and B, then C is on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
apple.xy
2021-06-11 19:37:30
if C is equidistant from A and B, then it lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment AB
Typesetting
Suraahi
math: 100% 19:37:30
2021-06-11
If C is equidistant from A and B, C is on the perpendicular bisector of AB
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 19:37:30
if C is the equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of line AB
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:37:30
If C is equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
hchhaya
2021-06-11 19:37:30
If C is equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:37:30
If C is equidistant from A and B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB
grayspider
2021-06-11 19:37:30
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
If C is equidistant from A AND B, then C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:37:30
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
"If C is equidistant from A and B, C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB."
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:37:34
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The converse is: If C is equidistant from A and B, then C must lie on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:37:54
Let's try to prove it. Suppose C is equidistant from A and B.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:38:03

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:38:11
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There are a few ways to approach this, but one way is to drop the perpendicular from C to AB and let the foot of the perpendicular
be D.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:38:15

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:38:23
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
So in this diagram, we know that AC = BC and that CD is perpendicular to AB. We do not assume anything else.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:38:37
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Remember we wish to prove that C is on the perpendicular bisector of AB. We already know that CD ⊥ AB , since that's how we
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
constructed CD. So what do we need to prove?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:39:30
AD = BD
KindKitty
2021-06-11 19:39:30
D is midpoint of AB
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:39:30
AD=BD
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:39:30
AD = BD
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:39:34
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We need to show that D is the midpoint of AB. That way, CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB, and we know C is on that line.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:39:47
How can we show that AD = BD ?
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:40:24
HL congruence theorem
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:40:24
HL congruence
pwr
2021-06-11 19:40:24
by proving triangles CDB and CDA are congruent.
Teediv
2021-06-11 19:40:24
using congruent triangles
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:40:28
We have two right triangles, ACD and BCD, and we have AC = BC and CD = CD, so the triangles are congruent by HL.
Therefore, AD = BD.
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:40:41
By pythagorean theorem
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:40:41
The Pythagorean Theorem
iejake
2021-06-11 19:40:41
Pythagorean theorem!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:40:54
Alternatively, by the Pythagorean Theorem, and the fact that AC = BC, we have
2 2 2 2
AD = √AC − CD = √BC − CD = BD.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:08
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
So, we have now shown that a point is equidistant from A and B if and only if it lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB. We say
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
that the perpendicular bisector m of AB is the locus of all points equidistant from A and B.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:22
Before we go any further, let's take a quick digression and define the bolded terms in the previous paragraph.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:28
Recall that the converse of the statement "if X, then Y" is "if Y, then X."
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:36
For instance, the converse of "if AC = BC, then ∠A = ∠B" is "if ∠A = ∠B, then AC = BC." The converse of "if
= AB , then ∠C = 90 " is "if ∠C = 90 , then AC + BC = AB ." The converse of "if k = 2, then k " is
2 2 2 ∘ ∘ 2 2 2 2
AC + BC = 4
"if k2 = 4, then k = 2. "
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:47
Remember that whether or not a statement is true says nothing about whether or not its converse is true!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:41:58
In the special cases where both the statement "if X, then Y" and its converse "if Y, then X" are true, we say "X if and only if Y."
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:42:07
For instance, given a triangle ABC, we have proven in this course that AC = BC if and only if ∠A = ∠B. Similarly, we have
proven in this course that ∠C = 90 if and only if AC + BC Similarly, as you can quickly prove for yourself now or
∘ 2 2 2
= AB .
after class, it is the case that 3x + 2 = 11 if and only if x = 3.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:42:38
Therefore, based on the arguments presented above, we see that a point P is equidistant from two points A and B if and only if P
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:43:02
what is a locus?
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 19:43:02
what does locus mean again?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:43:24
A locus is a set of points on the plane with a common characteristic property.
GarudS
2021-06-11 19:43:53
Could you show one?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:44:32
For example, the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is the set of all points that are equidistant from its endpoints. This is
their common characteristic property.
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:44:41
would a circle be a locus?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:45:09
Of course! What is the characteristic property of the points on a circle?
pwr
2021-06-11 19:46:02
they are all the same distance away from the center
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:46:02
they are the same distance from the center
cwc28
2021-06-11 19:46:02
they are all equidistant from the center
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:46:02
they're all the same distance from the center
Sunshine2016
2021-06-11 19:46:02
They are the same distance from a point
grayspider
2021-06-11 19:46:02
All the points are a constant away from the center of the circle
Sarah010
2021-06-11 19:46:02
they are all equal distance to the center
soohyun
2021-06-11 19:46:02
all the same distance from the center
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:46:02
All the points on the circle are equidistant from the circle's center
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:46:02
The points on the circle are all the same distance from a single point.
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:46:02
All the points
Typesetting math:on a circle are the same distance away from the center of the circle
100%
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 19:46:02
Distance from the center is the same
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:46:11
They are equidistant from a common point, which is called the center of the circle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:47:00
Let's see some constructions that we skipped last week:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:47:06
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Given a segment AB, construct its perpendicular bisector.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:47:14

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:47:44
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
What can we construct from AB?
pwr
2021-06-11 19:48:00
draw two circles that have the same radius with centers around A and B
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 19:48:00
draw circles with radius AB centered at A and B
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:48:00
draw circles at point A and point B with the same radii
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:48:18
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We can construct equilateral triangles ABC and ABC ′ on either side of AB.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:48:22

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:48:45
Note that we have drawn arcs of the circles centered at A and B with radius AB. What do we do next?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:49:12
connect points C and C' to make the perpendicular bisector
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 19:49:12
draw CC'
turquoisewolf
2021-06-11 19:49:12
Draw a line segment from C to C'?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:49:12
we can connect points C and C' to make the perpendicular bisector
soohyun
2021-06-11 19:49:12
draw a line from C to C'?
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:49:12
connect point C and C'
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:49:19
Connect C and C ′ .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:49:20

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:49:34
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We seem to think that CC ′ perpendicularly bisects AB.
hchhaya
2021-06-11 19:49:45
prove it!
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:49:45
we have to prove it
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 19:49:48
we have to prove it
pwr
2021-06-11 19:49:48
we should prove it!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:49:54
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Why is CC ′ the perpendicular bisector of AB?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:50:12
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
One way we could prove this is to prove that both points C and C ′ lie on the perpendicular bisector of AB. Why is C on the
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
perpendicular bisector of AB?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:50:33
Because C and C' are equidistant from A and B
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 19:50:33
AC = AC' = BC = BC' by the definition of the radius
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:50:35
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Well, since AC = BC, C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB. Similarly, since AC ′ = BC , C
′ ′
lies on the perpendicular
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
bisector of AB.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:50:45
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Therefore, since both C and C ′ lie on the perpendicular bisector of AB, and two points uniquely determine a line, the line CC ′
must be that perpendicular bisector!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:51:02
Let's see what else this gets us in this diagram. What can we say about △AM C ?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:52:10
It's a 30-60-90 triangle
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:52:10
it is a 30-60-90
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:52:10
it is a 30-60-90 triangle
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:52:10
triangle AMC is a 30-60-90 triangle
pwr
2021-06-11 19:52:10
its a 30-60-90 triangle
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 19:52:10
*its a 30-60-90 triangle
Siella
2021-06-11 19:52:10
it is a 30 60 90 triangle
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:52:10
It is a 30-60-90 triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:52:19
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Triangle AM C is a 30-60-90 triangle! Indeed, ∠CAM and ∠AM C because CC ′ is the
∘ ∘
= ∠CAB = 60 , = 90
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
perpendicular bisector of AB.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:52:27
So in the process, we've also learned how to construct 30-60-90 triangles and 30 degree angles.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:52:41
Let's now investigate what happens when you construct perpendicular bisectors of the three sides of a triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:52:45

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:01
It appears that the perpendicular bisectors in a triangle are concurrent, which means they pass through a common point. This may
not seem like a big deal, but it is! If you randomly draw more than two lines in a plane, then it would be quite a coincidence for the
lines to pass through a common point. So it is quite surprising that in any triangle that you draw, the perpendicular bisectors of the
three sides pass through a common point. Let's prove this fact!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:18
Let's prove that the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides of △ABC pass through a common point.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:28
The proof is quite elegant, yet subtle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:33
A good way to prove three lines pass through a point is to define the point of intersection of two of the lines, and then show that
the third line also passes through that point.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:46
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Ignore line EO for a moment. Since BC and AB aren't parallel, the perpendicular bisectors of BC and AB will intersect
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
somewhere; let's call this point O. We want to prove that the perpendicular bisector of AC also passes through point O.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:53:57
(We don't want to assume that the perpendicular bisector through E also hits the same point O, since that's what we want to
prove!)
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:54:00

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:54:07
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
What can we say from the fact that O lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC ?
superhero2020
2021-06-11 19:55:17
BO = CO
apple.xy
2021-06-11 19:55:17
it is the same distance from C and B
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:55:17
O is equidistant to B and C
pwr
2021-06-11 19:55:17
BO=OC
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:55:17
It is equidistant from B and C
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:55:17
We know O is equidistant from B and C
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:55:17
OB = OC
RollOver2020
2021-06-11 19:55:17
That point O is equidistant from the points B and C bc we proved this earlier
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:55:21
This tells us that O is equidistant from B and C, or in other words OB = OC .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:55:29

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:55:37
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
How about the fact that O lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB ?
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:56:21
BO = AO
pwr
2021-06-11 19:56:21
BO=OA
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:56:21
OB = OA
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:56:21
It is equidistant from B and A
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:56:21
O is equidistant from B and A
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 19:56:21
O is equidistant to A and B
Sarah010
2021-06-11 19:56:21
OB=OA
superhero2020
2021-06-11 19:56:21
BO = AO
hchhaya
2021-06-11 19:56:21
OA = OB
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 19:56:21
BO=AO
snake2020
2021-06-11 19:56:21
OB = OA.
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 19:56:21
O is equidistant from A and B
RollOver2020
2021-06-11 19:56:21
Point O is also equidistant from points A and B
grayspider
2021-06-11 19:56:21
BO = AO
Siella
2021-06-11 19:56:21
OB=OA
LONC123
2021-06-11 19:56:24
BO = AO
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:56:27
Similarly, O is equidistant from A and B, or OA = OB. So what can we conclude about O in relation to points A and C ?
RollOver2020
2021-06-11 19:57:28
O is thus equidistant from points A and C
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:57:28
O is equidistant from C and A
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 19:57:28
O is equidistant from A and C
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:57:28
it is equidistant from A and C so it lies on the perpendicular bisector of AC
Teediv
2021-06-11 19:57:28
OC = OA
Brendangho
2021-06-11 19:57:28
CO = AO
JC0001
2021-06-11 19:57:28
CO = AO
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 19:57:28
OC = OA
ReaderB
2021-06-11 19:57:28
CO = AO
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 19:57:28
O is equidistant from A and C
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 19:57:28
CO=AO
KindKitty
2021-06-11 19:57:28
OA=OC
turquoisewolf
2021-06-11 19:57:28
Equidistant to A and C
TheIdentityProperty
2021-06-11 19:57:28
OA=OC
tkubota
2021-06-11 19:57:32
OA = OC
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 19:57:35
CO = AO
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:57:38
We have OA = OB = OC, so O is equidistant from A and C.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:57:51

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:57:56
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Therefore, O lies on the perpendicular bisector of AC , and we're done!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:58:05
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Let's summarize our chain of logic. We wanted to prove that the perpendicular bisectors of BC , AB, AC pass through a common
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
point. To do this, we first let O be the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of BC and AB. We then proved that OA = OC ,
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
so we concluded that O must lie on the perpendicular bisector of AC as well.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:58:17
So, A, B, and C are equidistant from O. What interesting thing might we do because these three points are equidistant from O ?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 19:59:17
Draw a circle
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 19:59:17
draw a circle with radius BO=CO=AO
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 19:59:17
draw a circle with a radius of OA, OB or OC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:59:21
We can draw a circle with center O that goes through points A, B, and C because OA = OB = OC.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:59:28
We call this the circumcircle of △ABC. We say that this circle circumscribes △ABC, i.e., that it passes through the vertices of
ABC. Equivalently, we say that △ABC is inscribed in this circle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:59:40

Achilleas
2021-06-11 19:59:46
We call the center of this circle the circumcenter of △ABC, and we call the radius of this circle the circumradius of △ABC. By
convention, we usually denote the circumcenter by O, and the circumradius by R.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:03
The circumcenter is the unique point that is equidistant from A, B, and C , since it is the unique point that lies on all three
perpendicular bisectors. This also means the circumcircle is the unique circle passing through A, B, and C .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:17
Let's tackle a couple problems involving circumcircles.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:21
What is the circumradius of an equilateral triangle with sides of length 12?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:27
Where do we start?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:00:41
draw a diagram
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:00:41
draw a diagram
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:00:41
draw a diagram
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:00:41
Draw a diagram
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:43
We draw a picture.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:45

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:00:52
Here's our triangle and its circumcircle.
pwr
2021-06-11 20:01:20
draw the center of the circle and the radii
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:01:23
We seek the radius, so we should connect the center of the circle to a vertex.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:01:38
Since the circle circumscribes the triangle, the center of it is the circumcenter of the triangle. What else do we know about the
circumcenter of a triangle?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:01:39

hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:02:27
it is the point where all three perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle intersect
pwr
2021-06-11 20:02:27
its where the perpendicular bisectors intersect
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:02:39
Yes! The circumcenter lies on the perpendicular bisectors of each side of triangle ABC. I'll draw in part of two of those bisectors.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:02:52

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:03:09
Do we know anything about the lengths or angles in this figure?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:03:33
we know CP=CQ
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:03:55
What exactly is the length CQ? How about CP ?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:04:25
they are both 6
superhero2020
2021-06-11 20:04:25
they are both 6
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CQ = CP = 6
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CQ=CP=6
hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CQ = CP = 6
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CQ = CP = 6
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CQ=CP=6
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CP and CQ both equal 6 units
tkubota
2021-06-11 20:04:25
both are 6
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:04:25
CP = CQ = 6
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:04:28
CQ = 6, CP = 6.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:04:30
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We know that O lies on the perpendicular bisector of AC , so CQ = QA = 12/2 = 6. Similarly, CP = P B = 6.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:04:35

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:04:43
What can we say about △OCP ?
Yashvini
2021-06-11 20:05:25
it is 30 60 90
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:05:25
it is a 30 60 90 triangle!
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:05:25
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:05:25
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:05:25
30-60-90 triangle
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:05:25
It is a 30 60 90 triangle
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:05:25
KindKitty
2021-06-11 20:05:25
it's 30-60-90 triangle
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:05:25
It is a 30-60-90 triangle
pwr
2021-06-11 20:05:25
also its a 30-60-90
Bluepantzola1
2021-06-11 20:05:25
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:05:25
Triangle OCP is a 30-60-90 triangle
Siella
2021-06-11 20:05:25
30 60 90 triangle
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:05:25
It is 30-60-90.
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:05:25
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:05:25
it is a 30-60-90
Typesetting triangle
math: 100%
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:05:30
Why is △OCP a 30-60-90 triangle?
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:05:47
△OCP ≅ △OCQ.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:05:49
Hmmm, it sure looks like △OCP and △OCQ are congruent. How can we prove they are? (Be careful not to assume anything we
don't know: for instance, we don't yet know that OP = OQ, or that ∠OCQ = ∠OCP .)
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:07:03
they are congruent by HL
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:07:03
HL congruence
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:07:03
HL congruence
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:07:03
HL congruence
pwr
2021-06-11 20:07:03
OC=OC and QC=PC. By HL, they are congruent
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:07:03
HL Congruence
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:07:03
HL congruence, CP=CQ and OC=OC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:07:12
We have CQ = CP and CO = CO along with right angles at P and Q. Therefore, triangles OCQ and OCP are congruent by
HL, so we have ∠OCQ = ∠OCP . These two angles add up to ∠ACB, which is 60∘ because △ABC is equilateral. Therefore,
∠OCP must be 30 , so △OCP is a 30-60-90 triangle.
∘
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:07:27
So, what is OC ?
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt(3)
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:08:38
OC=4sqrt(3)
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt(3)
pwr
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4√ 3
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt(3)
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:08:38
*OC=6sqrt(3)
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4√3
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt(3)
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:08:38
Typesetting
OC= 4 √3math: 100%
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4√ 3
iejake
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt3
Yashvini
2021-06-11 20:08:38
4sqrt3
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:08:41
OC 2
We know that CP = 6 and = . Therefore,
CP √3
2 12 12 √3
OC = CP ⋅ = = ⋅ = 4√3.
√3 √3 √3 √3
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:08:49
We can use the same method to find the circumradius of any equilateral triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:08:57
Here's another problem in which we seek to compute the circumradius.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:09:05
Find the circumradius of a triangle with sides of lengths 12, 35, and 37.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:09:18
Where might we start?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:09:39
drawing a diagram
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:09:39
Draw a diagram
hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
LONC123
2021-06-11 20:09:39
Draw a Diagram
grayspider
2021-06-11 20:09:39
Draw a diagram!
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:09:39
draw a diagram
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:09:39
drawing a graph
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:09:43


Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:09:47
This diagram is not necessarily to scale.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:10:08
We don't immediately know anything special about this triangle, but perhaps there's something special about it that'll make our job
easier. What might we test?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:10:54
if it is a right triangle
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:10:54
If it satisfies the Pythagorean Theorem.
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:10:54
Is it right
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:10:54
If it's a right triangle – if 352
2 2
+ 12 = 37
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:10:54
Test if it's a right triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:10:57
We check if the triangle is right by checking if 122 Is it?
2 2
+ 35 = 37 .
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:11:32
YES
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Yashvini
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:11:32
It is!
Vitah2008

2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:11:32
Yes.
Bluepantzola1
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:11:32
yes
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:11:36
Yes! Here's a quick way to see why:
2 2 2
37 − 35 = (37 − 35)(37 + 35) = 2 ⋅ 72 = 144 = 12 .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:11:44
The difference of squares factorization is often helpful with Pythagorean triples, since a2 + b
2
= c
2
means that
2 2 2
a = c − b = (c − b)(c + b).
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:11:58
So, we have a right triangle. That seems important. How can we find its circumradius?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:12:30
divide the hypotenuse by 2
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:12:30
Half of the hypotenuse
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:12:32
I see some of you telling me that the circumradius is half the hypotenuse. What do we have to do before stating that?
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it
pwr
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it!
Yashvini
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:12:48
prove it!!
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:12:48
Prove it.
GarudS
math:
Typesetting 2021-06-11
100% 20:12:48
PROVE IT
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:12:48
Prove it.
turquoisewolf
2021-06-11 20:12:48
Proof
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:12:51
We have to prove it! How can we prove that the circumradius of a right triangle is half its hypotenuse? In other words, what should
we prove in order to be able to deduce that the circumradius of a right triangle is half the hypotenuse?
cwc28
2021-06-11 20:13:22
find the circumcenter
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:13:37
What should the circumcenter be?
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:13:49
The circumcenter is on the hypotenuse
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:13:57
Can we be more specific?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:14:46
the midpoint of the hypotenuse
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:14:46
the circumcenter should be the midpoint of the hypotenuse
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:14:46
the circumcenter is on the midpoint of the hypotenuse
Yashvini
2021-06-11 20:14:46
it is the midpoint of the hypotenuse
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:14:46
The midpoint of the hypotenuse
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 20:14:46
it is the midpoint on the hypontenuse?
GarudS
2021-06-11 20:14:46
At the midpoint of the hypotenuse
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:14:54
We can show that the midpoint of the hypotenuse is the circumcenter. This would imply that the hypotenuse is a diameter, so the
circumradius would be half the hypotenuse, as desired.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:15:01

Achilleas
math:
Typesetting 2021-06-11
100% 20:15:07
So let's try to prove that the midpoint of the hypotenuse is indeed the circumcenter. What do we know about the circumcenter?
ReaderB
2021-06-11 20:15:56
it is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors
pwr
2021-06-11 20:15:56
it is where the perpendicular bisectors intersect
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:15:56
It is the intersection of 3 perpendicular bisectors
hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:15:56
it is the intersection point for the perpendicular bisectors
turquoisewolf
2021-06-11 20:15:56
Where all perpendicular bisectors intersect
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:16:10
The perpendicular bisectors of what?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:16:45
It's the intersection point of the perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle
hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:16:45
of triangle XYZ's sides
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:16:45
The sides of the triangle.
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:16:45
the sides of the triangle
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:16:52
The circumcenter of a triangle is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides. So, we must show that the
perpendicular bisectors of the sides go through the midpoint of the hypotenuse. Clearly the perpendicular bisector of the
hypotenuse goes through the midpoint of the hypotenuse.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:17:05
So, we must show that the perpendicular bisector of a leg goes through this midpoint as well.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:17:15

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:17:27
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯
So, here's our set-up. There's our right triangle, XY Z, and m is the perpendicular bisector of XY . The perpendicular bisector hits
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
XZ at L. What do we want to prove?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:18:18
L is the midpoint of XZ
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:18:18
L is the midpoint of XZ
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:18:18
XL = LZ
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:18:18
L is the midpoint of the hypotenuse
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:18:18
That L is the midpoint of the hypotenuse.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:18:22
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
We want to prove that L is the midpoint of XZ , the hypotenuse, so that the midpoint of the hypotenuse is on our perpendicular
bisector m. How do we do it? What observations can we make?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:18:53
we can use similar triangles
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:18:53
similar triangles
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:18:53
there are similar triangles
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:19:05
Which triangles are similar and why?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:19:35
(do not forger to answer why)
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:21:05
triangle XKL similar to triangle XYZ by AA since KL is parallel to YZ because of the right angle
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:21:05
△XKL ∼ △XY Z . They both share ∠KXL and have right angles. So they are similar through AA similarity.
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:21:05
Triangles XKL and XYZ because of AA similarty
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:21:05
Triangles XKL and XYZ are similar. Line mL is parallel to YZ, so <XYZ = <XKL and <XLK = <XZY. They also both share an angle.
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:21:22
∆XKL ~ ∆XYZ
You can use AAA similarity
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:21:24
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯ ¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯
We have KL ∥ YZ because both are perpendicular to XY . So ∠XKL = ∠XY Z and ∠XLK = ∠XZY . Therefore,
△XKL ∼ △XY Z by AA. How does this help?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:22:03
since XK/XY is in the ratio 1/2 , XL/XZ must be in the same ratio also. Therefore L is the midpoint of XZ
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:22:03
XL/XZ=XK/XY=1/2
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:06
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯ ¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯
XK 1
Because K is the midpoint of XY (remember, m is the perpendicular bisector of XY ), we have XK = KY , or = .
XY 2
Therefore, we can use our triangle similarity to find
XL XK 1
= = .
XZ XY 2
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
So, L is the midpoint of XZ .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:17
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Therefore, the perpendicular bisector of XY goes through the midpoint of XZ !
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:25
¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
By the same argument, the perpendicular bisector of Y Z also goes through the midpoint of XZ .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:33
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Therefore, the midpoint of XZ must be the circumcenter of △XY Z!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:45
We have proved an important property of right triangles: the midpoint of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is the center of its
circumcircle. Therefore, the circumradius of a right triangle is half its hypotenuse, since the hypotenuse is a diameter of the
circumcircle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:22:55
So what is the circumradius of a triangle with sides of lengths 12, 35, and 37?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:23:12
(everyone knows that now )
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
pwr
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
ReaderB
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37
2
.
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
GarudS
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37
ReaderB
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
turquoisewolf
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
Rinnypig
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37
2
is the circumradius.
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
grayspider
2021-06-11 20:24:00
37/2
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
LONC123
2021-06-11 20:24:00
18.5
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:24:16
37
The hypotenuse of the given triangle is 37, so its circumradius is .
2
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:24:39
Angle Bisectors
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:24:59
(Don't be surprised if this looks a lot like the preceding discussion!)
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:25:06
Given an angle, the angle bisector is the line that splits the angle into two congruent angles. Let's take a look at a diagram of this:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:25:13

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:25:23
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Here BD is the angle bisector of ∠ABC. What property do all the points on the angle bisector have?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:26:01
Equidistant from AB and BC
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:26:01
they are equidistant from BC and BA
pwr
2021-06-11 20:26:01
they are the same distance away from segments BA and BC
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:26:01
they are equidistant from lines AB and BC
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:26:01
Equidistant from AB and CB
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:26:07
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
All points on BD are equidistant from rays AB and BC . Let's prove this.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:26:33
Recall that the distance from a point to a line is the length of the perpendicular line segment from that point to the line.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:26:43
−
−→
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Let's consider an arbitrary point Q on ray BD. We are concerned with the distance from Q to AB and to BC , so we draw in those
lengths as seen below (and construct right triangles in the process).
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:26:51

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:27:06
What do we wish to prove?
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:27:31
EQ = QF
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:27:31
That EQ = FQ
pwr
2021-06-11 20:27:31
QF=QE
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:27:31
EQ = QF
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:27:31
EQ=FQ
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:27:31
that EQ=QF
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:27:31
we need to prove EQ= QF
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:27:31
EQ = FQ
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:27:31
EQ = QF
superhero2020
2021-06-11 20:27:31
QF = QE
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:27:33
We wish to prove that QE = QF . How could we do that?
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:28:11
proving that triangles EQG and FQB are congruent
pwr
2021-06-11 20:28:11
prove triangle QFB and QEB are congruent
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:28:11
congruent triangles
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:28:11
we can use congruent triangles
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:28:11
triangle EQB is congruent to triangle FQB
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:28:13
Conveniently, we have two triangles that appear congruent. How can we prove they are congruent?
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:28:54
AAS congruence
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:28:54
AAS congruence theorem
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:28:54
they are congruent by AAS
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:28:54
AAS
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:29:01
Right!
pwr
2021-06-11 20:29:09
By AAS, triangle QFB and triangle QEB are congruent bc <EBQ=<QBF (angle bisector), <QFB=<QEB(both right), and BQ=BQ.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:29:19
We know that ∠EBQ = ∠F BQ because of the definition of an angle bisector. We also know that ∠QEB
∘
= 90 = ∠QF B.
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Finally, the two triangles share side QB.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:29:28
Hence the two triangles △QF B and △QEB are congruent by AAS.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:29:44
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
This tells us that QE = QF . This is true for any point Q on BD, so we see that all points on the angle bisector of ∠ABC are
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
equidistant from AB and BC .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:29:58
−
−→ −
−→
Is the converse true? If a point is equidistant from rays AB and BC , then does the point have to be on the angle bisector of
∠ABC?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes
pwr
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes!!(but we have to prove it)
cwc28
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes it does in fact
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:30:26
Yes
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:30:26
yes
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:30:28
Yes, a point is on the angle bisector of two rays if and only if it is equidistant from the two rays. Try to prove this on your own after
class. I'll post it as one of the problems on the message board for this week. For now, let's take it as a fact.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:30:38
Let's investigate what happens when you construct all three bisectors of the angles of a triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:30:41

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:30:51
Just as with the perpendicular bisectors, it appears that the angle bisectors in a triangle are concurrent. Let's prove this! It turns
out that the proof is very similar to the proof that the perpendicular bisectors of the sides are concurrent.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:31:02
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
Ignore line BI for a moment:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:31:03

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:31:11
The angle bisectors of ∠BCA and ∠BAC will intersect somewhere; let's call this point I . What can we learn from the fact that I
is on the angle bisector of ∠BCA?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:31:58
It is equidistant from BC and CA
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:31:58
I is equidistant from both CB and CA
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:31:58
it is equidistant from AC and BC
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:31:58
It is equidistant from BC and CA
pwr
2021-06-11 20:31:58
it is the same distance away from BC and CA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:32:02
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
I is equidistant from BC and CA because it is on the bisector of ∠BCA. What can we learn from the fact that I is on the angle
bisector of ∠BAC?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:32:53
it is the same distance away from BA and AC
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:32:53
I is equidistant from BA and CA
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:32:53
I is equidistant from both BA and CA
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:32:53
It is equidistant from BA and CA
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:32:53
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:32:53
it is equidistant from AB and AC
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:32:53
we can learn that it is equidistant from both BA and CA
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:32:53
Evang12
2021-06-11 20:32:53
it's equidistant from AB and AC
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:32:53
the point is equidistant from BA and CA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:32:56
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Similarly, I is equidistant from CA and BA because it is on the bisector of ∠BAC. What does this tell us about I with respect to
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
BC and BA?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:33:35
It is equidistant from BC and BA
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:33:35
it is equidistant from BC and BA too
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:33:35
I is equidistant to BC and BA
hchhaya
2021-06-11 20:33:35
it is equidistant from BC and CA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:33:38
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We know that I is also equidistant from BA and BC ! Therefore, I must also lie on the angle bisector of ∠CBA, as desired.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:33:47
So we have proven that the angle bisectors are concurrent, and that this point is equidistant from the three sides.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:33:52
Let's draw the perpendicular segments that illustrate the distance from I to each of the sides. This gives us points D, E, and F ;
what can we say about those three points?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:33:56

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:34:32
(points have no length)
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:35:00
DI = FI = EI
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:35:00
the points are equidistant from I
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:35:00
They are equidistant from I
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:35:00
they are equidistant from I
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:35:00
They are equidistant from I
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:35:00
they are the same distance away from point I
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:35:09
D, E, and F are all the same distance from I .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:35:17
When we have these three points that are the same fixed distance from I , what does this suggest?
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:36:15
We can make another circle!
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:36:15
a circle with radius EI=DI=FI
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:36:15
I is the center of a circle with a radius DI
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:36:23
We can draw a circle with center I which goes through points D, E, and F .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:36:40
So we can inscribe a circle in a triangle, which is the same as saying we can circumscribe a triangle about a circle. This circle is
called the incircle of △ABC.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:36:50

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:36:55
We conventionally use I to denote the incenter, and you can remember this because, well, I for incenter. The radius is called the
inradius, and we usually call it r.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:37:04
The incenter is the unique point that is equidistant from all three sides of the triangle, since it is the unique point that is on all three
angle bisectors.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:37:13
It also looks like the incircle is tangent to all three sides, meaning it meets each side in exactly one point. Let's see if we can prove
it!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:37:25
It also looks like the incircle is tangent to all three sides, meaning it meets each side in exactly one point. Let's see how we can
leverage what we've done before to prove it!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:37:35
We previously proved that the shortest distance from a point to a line is the length of the perpendicular segment from that point to
the line. Therefore, any other point must be further away.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:37:43
Since a circle has a constant radius (by definition) it can't intersect any side of the triangle more than once.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:38:01
Let's consider how we might prove that this circle hits exactly one point on each side. We know that it passes through one point on
each side but why not two points?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:38:09
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We'll start by considering any point X on AC besides E. What do we know about △I EX?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:38:11

Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:38:45
It is a right triangle
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:38:45
It is a right triangle.
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:38:45
It's a right triangle
pwr
2021-06-11 20:38:45
it is a right triangle
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:38:45
it is a right triangle
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:38:49
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
If X is on AC and X is not E, then △I EX is a right triangle. What does this tell us about the relationship between the lengths
IX and I E?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:39:30
IX > IE
pwr
2021-06-11 20:39:30
IX is longer then IE because it is the hypotenuse
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:39:30
I X is longer than I E
GarudS
2021-06-11 20:39:30
I X > I E !!!
grayspider
2021-06-11 20:39:35
IX > IE
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:39:36
Since △I EX is a right triangle with hypotenuse length I X, we know that I X > I E. That's because the Pythagorean theorem
gives us I X 2 = IE
2
+ EX
2 2
> IE .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:39:47
So can X ever lie on the incircle?
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:40:08
no
Sunshine2016
2021-06-11 20:40:08
No
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:40:08
NO
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:40:08
no
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:40:08
No
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:40:08
no
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:40:08
no
grayspider
2021-06-11 20:40:08
Nope
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:40:08
no
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:40:08
No
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:40:10
Since I X > I E, and I E is the radius of the incircle, we know that X is outside the circle. In other words, all the points on AC
besides E are outside the incircle. The same reasoning applies to the other sides of the triangle as well. Therefore, the incircle
touches each side of the triangle at exactly one point.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:40:28
It turns out that the inradius can be helpful in finding the area of a triangle. In any triangle ABC with inradius r and semi-
perimeter s,
[ABC] = rs.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:41:05
We don't have time to prove that right now, but I would encourage you to try it on your own time. Feel free to bring it up on the
message board as well!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:41:24
Find the inradius of a triangle with sides of length 24, 45, and 51.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:41:31
What do we do?
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:42:08
[ABC] = rs, use herons formula for [ABC] and s is obvious then find r
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:42:12
We just saw that if we have the area and the semiperimeter of a triangle, we can easily find its inradius. Since
area = rs,
we have
area
r = .
s
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:42:17
What is the semiperimeter of this triangle?
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
KindKitty
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60.
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
JC0001
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
pwr
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:42:48
60
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:42:50
We have s = (24 + 45 + 51)/2 = 60.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:42:54
And the area?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:43:51
540
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:43:51
540
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:43:51
540
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:43:51
we know that it is a right angle triangle by pythagorean triangle and so 24 * 45) / 2 = 540
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:43:55
540
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:43:57
We could go ahead and use Heron's Formula.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:44:07
However, we can also notice that the sides are 3 ⋅ 8, 3 ⋅ 15, and 3 ⋅ 17, and since {8, 15, 17} is a Pythagorean triple, we know that
this must be a right triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:44:10
We have
area = (1/2) ⋅ 24 ⋅ 45 = 540.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:44:17
So, what is the inradius?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 20:45:05
540/60=9
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 20:45:05
so the inradius is 9
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
GarudS
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:45:05
the inradius is 9
LONC123
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:45:05
9
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:45:12
We have
area 540
r = = = 9.
s 60
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:45:34
Our next topic is the famous Angle Bisector Theorem.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:45:43
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
In the diagram below, AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. Compute x.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:45:51

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:46:09
We will use this problem to illustrate the Angle Bisector Theorem.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:46:24
[ADB]
The key tool we will use is area. First, what is the area ratio also equal to?
[ADC]
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:46:39

Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:47:11
x/4
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:47:11
x/4
MathNinja7
2021-06-11 20:47:11
BD/DC
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:47:11
x/4
pwr
2021-06-11 20:47:11
BD/DC
KindKitty
2021-06-11 20:47:11
BD/DC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:47:14
We know that if two triangles share an altitude, then the ratio of their areas equals the ratio of their bases. Since the height from A
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
to side BD of triangle ADB is also the height from A to side DC of triangle ADC , we have
[ADB] BD x
= = .
[ADC] DC 4
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:47:30
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This is true even if AD is not the angle bisector of ∠BAC. That is, it is true for any point D on BC .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:47:45
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
What more can we say about D if AD is the angle bisector of ∠BAC? What property do points on an angle bisector have?
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:48:20
Equidistant from AB and CA
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:48:20
they are the same distance from BA and CA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:48:22
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We saw earlier that all points on the angle bisector of ∠BAC are equidistant from AB and AC .
pwr
2021-06-11 20:48:27
D is equidistant from AB and AC
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:48:27
D is equidistant from AB and AC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:48:30
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Therefore, D is equidistant from AB and AC . Let's draw in those distances:
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:48:32

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:48:40
[ADB]
Aha! We can see those equal distances as equal altitudes of two triangles! So, what is the ratio also equal to?
[ADC]
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:49:16
9/12 or 3/4
GarudS
2021-06-11 20:49:16
3/4
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:49:16
3/4
KindKitty
2021-06-11 20:49:16
AB/AC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:49:19
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This time, let's compute the areas using AB and AC as bases. Since D is equidistant from AB and AC , the heights (h) are the
same. So
1
[ADB] AB ⋅ h AB
2 9 3
= = = = .
1
[ADC] AC ⋅ h AC 12 4
2
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:49:39
We can then rewrite the equation as
x BD AB 3
= = =
4 DC AC 4
which yields x = 3.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:49:50
This conclusion that
BD AB
=
DC AC
is called the Angle Bisector Theorem and is valid for any diagram like this with an angle bisector. Any time you have an angle
bisector in a problem involving lengths, this should automatically come to mind.
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:50:10
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:50:10
okay
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:50:14
MEDIANS
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:50:26
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
A median of a triangle is a line segment that connects a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. In the diagram below, AD,
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
BE, and CF are medians.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:50:37

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:50:44
A median is not necessarily perpendicular to the side of the triangle it bisects. So while a median does bisect the side it meets, it is
likely not a perpendicular bisector.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:50:57
What interesting property appears to be true of the medians?
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:51:24
they also are concurrent
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:51:24
They are concurrent
Bluepantzola1
2021-06-11 20:51:24
They all meet at point G
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:51:24
they all meet at 1 point
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:51:28
The medians are concurrent. You will read a proof of this in Chapter 17 of the book later in the course. For now, let's take this
amazing fact for granted.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:51:38
The point G where the medians intersect is called the centroid. This point happens to be the center of gravity of the triangle, the
point where the triangle would balance. (You might use that as a way to remember that the centroid is usually labeled G -- G for
gravity.)
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:51:54
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
How can we prove that half the area of the triangle is on each side of median BE?
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:52:20
Let's think about the areas of the triangles formed by a median. For instance, what can we say about the two areas [BCE] and
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
[BEA] formed by the median BE ?
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:52:56
by the ration of the bases
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:52:56
triangle BCE and triangle BEA have the same area
Hridhaan
2021-06-11 20:52:56
Same base and same height! Same area!
pwr
2021-06-11 20:52:56
they have the same area
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:52:56
The ratio of their areas are 1:1
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:52:59
We can use the same altitude area ratio theorem! Since triangles BCE and BEA have the same altitude, we know that
[BCE] CE
= = 1.
[BEA] EA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:53:09
We've thus proved that each median of a triangle divides the triangle into two pieces of equal area.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:53:15
We can go even further.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:53:17
Prove that the medians split the triangle into six triangles with equal area.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:53:20

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:53:26
First, do you see any equal areas among the little triangles right away?
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:54:09
triangles CGE and AGE have the same area
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:54:21
Yes, triangle GEC and triangle AEG have equal area
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:54:24
If we look at the triangles at the left of the diagram, we see that △CGD and △DGB have the same area because their heights
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
from G are the same and their bases are congruent (CD = DB because AD is a median, i.e., D is the midpoint of side BC ).
Let's call both of these areas y.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:54:35
Similarly, triangles BGF and F GA have the same area. Let's call these z.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:54:42
And △CGE has the same area as △EGA. Let's call these x.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:54:48


Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:54:59
Are there any other pairs of triangles with equal area?
Teediv
2021-06-11 20:55:18
BEA and BCE
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:55:18
CEB and BEA
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:55:21
We know that △BCE and △BEA have the same area; can we make an equation about this?
pwr
2021-06-11 20:55:59
we know that x+2y=x+2z so 2y=2z so y=z.
apple.xy
2021-06-11 20:55:59
2y + x = 2z + x
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:55:59
y + y + x = z + z + x, y + y ,
= z + z y = z .
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 20:55:59
2y + x = 2z + x
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 20:55:59
2y+x=2z+x
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:55:59
2y+x=2z+x
Brendangho
2021-06-11 20:56:02
2z + x = 2y + x
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:56:04
We have [BCE] = x + 2y and [BEA] = x + 2z. Therefore,
x + 2y = x + 2z,
which implies that y = z.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:56:13
In the same way, we can set up an equation based on the fact that the areas of △ABD and △ADC are the same. Since
[ABD] = y + 2z and [ADC] = y + 2x, we have z = x.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:56:24
What does this tell us?
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:56:54
x=y=z
cwc28
2021-06-11
Typesetting math: 100% 20:56:54
and so x=y=z
Wuwuspring
2021-06-11 20:56:54
x=y=z
Sarah010
2021-06-11 20:56:54
x = y = z
snake2020
2021-06-11 20:56:59
x = y = z.
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 20:56:59
x=y=z
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:57:01
We have y = z and z = x, so we have x = y = z, which means the areas of all six triangles are the same, as desired.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:57:05

Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:57:15
BG
Let's now see what we can say about the ratio .
GE
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:57:24
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We have two triangles BGC and CGE along base BE.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:57:34
We know triangles BGC and CGE have the same height from C, and that △BGC has area twice that of △CGE. What does
this tell us about the bases?
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 20:58:14
BG/GE is in ratio 2/1
Suraahi
2021-06-11 20:58:14
They are in the ratio 2/1
Vitah2008
2021-06-11 20:58:14
2:1
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:58:17
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ BG
Base BG must be twice as long as base GE to make the area [BGC] twice the area [CGE], so = 2.
GE
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:58:25
We can also look at this as "BG is 2/3 of median BE " and "GE is 1/3 of median BE ."
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:58:34
This argument can of course be applied to all the medians, so we can conclude that the centroid in any triangle splits each of the
Typesetting
medians in math:
a 2100%
: 1 ratio.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:58:50
These two facts about medians (that they split the triangle into 6 little triangles of equal area and that the centroid splits each
median in a 2 : 1 ratio) should become automatic. Make sure you understand the proofs so well that these facts become obvious
to you. You'll be using them many, many times in the future.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:59:09
Also, learn the key strategy of this proof: we repeatedly used the tactic of comparing the areas of triangles which share an altitude.
This is a very powerful problem solving tool and we haven't seen the last of it. Those of you wondering why the medians are
concurrent might try using this tool to prove it.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:59:32
SUMMARY
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:59:36
Much of mastering geometry is mastering triangles. We learned a lot of important facts about triangles tonight. You may feel a
little overwhelmed right now, but with practice, you'll come to know these facts as well as you know the Pythagorean Theorem.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:59:43
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
We learned that the perpendicular bisector of a line segment AB is the locus of points that are equidistant from A and B. We
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
learned that the angle bisector of angle ∠ABC is the locus of points that are equidistant from AB and BC .
Achilleas
2021-06-11 20:59:54
The perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent, and we call this intersection point the circumcenter of the
triangle. It is the center of the circumcircle, which is the circle that passes through the vertices. The radius of the circumcircle is
called the circumradius.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:06
The angle bisectors of the angles of a triangle are concurrent, and we call this intersection point the incenter of the triangle. It is
the center of the incircle, which is the circle that is internally tangent to the three sides. The radius of the incircle is called the
inradius.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:16
We saw that the circumcenter of a right triangle is the midpoint of its hypotenuse, and that the circumradius of a right triangle is
half its hypotenuse. We also saw that the area of a triangle is equal to the product of its inradius and semiperimeter.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:23
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯¯
¯¯ BD AB
We then learned the Angle Bisector Theorem. In △ABC, if D is on side BC and AD bisects ∠A, then we have = .
DC AC
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:30
We then moved on to the medians of a triangle. A median of a triangle connects a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the side
opposite that vertex. The medians of a triangle are concurrent at a point called the centroid of the triangle.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:39

Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:44
The centroid divides each median in a 2 : 1 ratio; in the diagram above, we have
AG BG CG 2
= = = .
GD GE GF 1
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:00:52
The six triangles formed when all three medians are drawn have equal area.
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:01:04
We'll learn more about special parts of triangles and their exciting properties next time!
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:01:19
Any questions?
shenpinyi
2021-06-11 21:01:50
no
RyanL2019
2021-06-11 21:01:50
No
Colorcrazy
2021-06-11 21:01:50
nope
Sirahulania
2021-06-11 21:01:50
not really
AndrewZhong2012
2021-06-11 21:01:50
no
snake2020
2021-06-11 21:01:50
Nope.
grayspider
2021-06-11 21:01:50
No
iejake
2021-06-11 21:01:50
no
CalvinGarces
2021-06-11 21:01:50
no
msinghvi
2021-06-11 21:01:50
No
RollOver2020
2021-06-11 21:01:50
None here! Thank you and bye!
JC0001
2021-06-11 21:01:50
Nope
Achilleas
2021-06-11 21:01:55
Alright! Thank you all! Have a wonderful week! See you next time!
© 2021 Art of Problem Solving

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Geometry Week 7 - 2689 Introduction To Geometry

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Geometry Week 7 - 2689 Introduction To Geometry

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10/12/21, 8:28 PM 2689 Introduction to Geometry

Introduction to Geometry (2689)

Week 7: Special Parts of a Triangle

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"if k2 = 4, then k = 2. "

after class, it is the case that 3x + 2 = 11 if and only if x = 3.

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You can use AAA similarity

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area = (1/2) ⋅ 24 ⋅ 45 = 540.

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which implies that y = z.

© 2021 Art of Problem Solving

Copyright © 2021 Art of Problem Solving

Typesetting math: 100%

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