Ôn thi TNTHPT – LIÊN TỪ

CONJUCTIONS
I. PHÂN BIỆT “SO/ BUT/ HOWEVER/ THEREFORE”

CONJUNCTIONS EXAMPLES
So (vì vậy, do đó) I got up late this morning, so I came to school late.
(Thường dùng trong văn nói, văn phong thân mật)
Therefore(vì vậy, do Vegetables are good for health. Therefore, they should be included in our daily diet.
đó) Vegetables are good for health; therefore, they should be included in our daily diet.
Vegetables are good for health. They should, therefore, be included in our daily diet.
(Thường dùng trong văn viết, văn phong trang trọng)
But (nhưng) I got up late this morning, but I still came to class on time.
(Thường dùng trong văn nói, văn phong thân mật)
However (tuy nhiên) Eggs are good for health. However, eating too many eggs will increase cholesterol levels.
Eggs are good for health; however, eating too many eggs will increase cholesterol levels.
Eggs are good for health. Eating too many eggs will, however, increase cholesterol levels.
Eggs are good for health. Eating too many eggs will increase cholesterol levels, however.
(Thường dùng trong văn viết, văn phong trang trọng)

Ex1: Choose the best answer

1. The wind was howling outside, _____it was warm and comfortable indoor.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
2. The highway was under construction, _____we had to take a different route to work.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
3. You could fly via Singapore; _____, this isn’t the only way.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
4. There is still much to discuss. We shall, _____, return to this item at our next meeting.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
5. He didn’t tell a lie, _____he seemed to exaggerate the truth.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
6. It was reported that the plane would be delayed. I, ________, bought a lot of magazines to read.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
7. Jackson was going to study all night, _____ he declined our invitation to dinner.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
8. We thought the figures were correct. We have now discovered some errors, ___________.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
9. Cars have become more complicated.______, mechanics need more training than in the past.
A. So B. But C. However D. Therefore
10. We arrived at the theater late. _______, the play had not begun yet. We were quite surprised.
A. So B. But C. However D. Therefore
11. I have been ill for several days, __________I can’t go to work.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
12. The bread was old and stale, _____Martha ate it.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
13. The holiday had been a complete disaster. We, _____, decided to fly home as early as we could.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
14. He failed the exam, _____ he had to take it once again.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
15. They hoped to climb the mountain by August. Bad weather could be a hindrance, ____.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
16. This is the shortest way to the city center; _____, it is not the only way
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A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
17. The boy was able to learn English, _____ he is very lazy.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
18. He didn’t attend the lesson, _____ he could not do his homework.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
19. The bus had just left when I arrived at the bus stop, ______we had to take a taxi.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
20. Your son seems to concentrate more on the lessons; __, I think you should encourage him to learn harder.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
21. It is very late now, _____ she is still at her office.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
22. It was midnight, _____ they closed the restaurant and went home.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
23. They visited many stores; ___________, they could not find what they were looking for.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
24. We discussed the issue all day, _____ we could not come to a final conclusion.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
25. It started to rain hard. We, _________, decided to stay at home to watch TV.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
26. The sun was shining, ____________ I still felt cold.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
27. I have read this book before. I do not remember the plot, _________.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
28. It’s raining heavily outside, ___________we can’t go out for a walk.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
29. The taxi fare is expensive; ____________, I prefer to walk.
A. so B. but C. however D. therefore
30. I wanted to study. _____, I was too tired.
A. So B. But C. However D. Therefore

II. LIÊN TỪ NỐI: “FANBOYS”

MĐ 1, FANBOYS MĐ2
(FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

For (bởi vì) Or (hoặc là, nếu không thì)

And (và) Yet (ấy vậy mà)
Nor (chẳng, cũng không) So (vì vậy, do đó)
But (nhưng)
Chú ý: Nếu “FANBOYS” kết hợp 2 cụm từ thì không cần có dấu “,”
Examples:
- He has suffered from a bad cough, for he has smoked too much recently.
- My mother bought me a shirt, and my father bought me a hat on my birthday.
- My son doesn’t like apples, nor does he like oranges.
- He is very intelligent, but he is not studious.
- Hurry up, or we’ll be late for school.
- We are close friends, yet we haven’t talked to each other for months because both are too busy.
- I had a terrible headache, so I didn’t go to work.

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Ex2: Choose the best answer
1. My family really loves Japanese food, ____ we order it twice a week.
A. yet B. so C. but D. nor
2. These games are challenging, ____ it’s not easy to spend little time playing them.
A. so B. but C. for D. or
3. Smoking is extremely detrimental to health, ____ many people continue to smoke anyway.
A. although B. so C. yet D. then
4. We were lost in the town, ____ luckily my friend had a map in his backpack.
A. and B. so C. for D. but
5. Would you like a cup of milk tea ____ a glass of orange juice?
A. and B. or C. yet D. so
6. Minh had his teeth decayed, ____ he refused to see the dentist.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
7. Anna thinks she ought to go to the university, __ she wants to get qualifications for her dream job.
A. and B. yet C. for D. so
8. He invested a lot of money in this business, ____ it went bankrupt in a very short time.
A. but B. and C. for D. nor
9. The students didn’t realise how important the exam was, ____they didn’t revise for it
A. so B. but C. and D. for
10. Peter wonders he should stay home and watch TV,_ he should go out and have dinner with his
friends. A. so B. or C. and D. but
11. Mike listens to music every day, he doesn't know how to sing.
A. nor B. so C. or D. but
12. She shut down the computer went out of the room.
A. and B. but C. or D. nor
13. Jaimie was not confident, he managed to sing the song quite well.
A. but B. nor C. and D. or
14. I adore Amanda Holden for her beauty verbal ability.
A. so B. nor C. and D. or
15. Alicia Keys is adorable, she knows how to give individualised comments that win the heart
of the contestants.
A. yet B. or C. but D. for
16. Mark signed up for the contest, _________ he hasn't had his auditions yet.
A. but B. for C. nor D. and
17. He was watching the program attentively,__ Keith Urban, his favourite singer, was performing live.
A. and B. nor C. but D. for
18. Olivia booked a babysitter, she had to go on a business for a few days.
A. for B. but C. or D. and
19. My brother doesn’t like Pop music, _________ does he like Rock.
A. for B. but C. nor D. and
20. Internet is a very fast convenient way for us to get information.
A. and B. or C. therefore D. but
21. It can be black, dark blue ___________ gray. Any of these colours is ok.
A. or B. but C. and D. so
22. She likes eating fruits, _________ they are good for her health.
A. for B. but C. or D. and
23. American Idol began in 2002, _______ it quickly gained popularity.
A. for B. but C. or D. and
24. I can't go to Linh's birthday party, ________ can Lucy.
A. for B. but C. nor D. and
25. You can take a bus, _________ you can ride a bike to the cinema.
A. for B. but C. or D. and
26. You have to get up early, _________ you'll be late for school.
A. for B. but C. or D. and
27. She said she wouldn't come, ___________ I still waited for her.
A. for B. yet C. or D. and

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28. This word is strange, ________ I need to look it up in the dictionary.
A. for B. but C. so D. and
29. It was raining heavily, __________ we did not go out.
A. for B. but C. so D. and
30. She was not in the living room, __________ was she in the kitchen.
A. for B. but C. nor D. and
III. LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC

1. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN

LIÊN TỪ VÍ DỤ

After - After she had graduated from the university, her parents gave her a new phone.
(sau khi) - I will go out with you after I have finished my homework.
Before - I had arrived before the store was opened.
(trước khi) - Before I go to bed, I often read a few pages.
- We have been friends since we were at high school.
Since
- Since the internet became popular in Vietnam, Newspapers have no longer
(kể từ khi)
been the most important source of information.
Until/ till - I will wait here until she comes.
(cho đến khi nào…) - Every employee has to work overtime until the project is done.
As soon as - As soon as I come back home, I will call you.
(ngay khi) - She came home as soon as she finished her work.
By the time
(cho tới khi/ vào lúc) - By the time I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
By + mốc tg - By June this year, I will have been living here for five years
(cho tới…)
While - The phone rang while we were having dinner.
(trong khi) - While my father was reading a book, my mother was cooking.
When - I will visit you when I have free time.
(khi) - When I arrived, they were waiting for me.
Once - Once you read this book, you cannot put it down.
(một khi) - Once you understand the rule, you will find it easy to do this exercise.
Phân biệt: “by the time/ until”: - I won’t go to bed until my parents get home.
- I will have done all the housework by the time my parents get home.

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Ex3: Choose the best answer
1. ___________ you come tomorrow, I will probably be studying with my IELTS tutor.
A. While B. When C. By D. After
2. Last night, I was doing my homework __________my sister was playing games.
A. when B. as soon as C. by the time D. while
3. ________ she got home, she immediately sat down trying to finish all the homework of the IELTS class
A. While B. When C. As soon as D. Before
4. _________ I was writing my essay, my roommates were sleeping.
A. While B. When C. Until D. Before
5. _________ I was reading a passage in the IELTS practice test 1 in Cambridge 15 last night, I felt asleep.
A. While B. As soon as C. Until D. Before
6. My brother always startles me on purpose ___________ I am focusing on my writing.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. while
7. I will wait here ___________ she comes back.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. while
8. __________ he was doing his listening practice test, his computer suddenly shut down by itself.
A. As soon as B. When C. Until D. After
9. He will go home __________ he has finished his work.
A. since B. before C. after D. while
10. ___________ I was going to school, I met my friend.
A. While B. As soon as C. Until D. Before
11. It started to rain ___________ the boys were playing football.
A. until B. as soon as C. by the time D. while
12. I have worked here ____________I graduated from university.
A. since B. before C. after D. while
13. I will have done all the housework assigned ____________ my parents get home.
A. until B. as soon as C. by the time D. by
14. ___________ you read this letter, I will be in France.
A. While B. When C. By D. Before
15. __________I went to the cinema, I had done all my homework.
A. While B. Before C. Until D. After
16. Last night, he had left the party __________ I came.
A. until B. as soon as C. by the time D. by
17. ___________ I had finished my homework, I went to bed.
A. While B. Before C. Until D. After
18. I won't go to bed ____________ I have finished my homework.
A. until B. as soon as C. by the time D. by
19. __________ you see it yourself, you'll surely believe it.
A. While B. When C. By D. Before
20. I’ll give you the book ___________ I finish reading it.
A. since B. as soon as C. before D. by
21. Tom only understood the meaning of his wife’s comment ________ he saw her face.
A. when B. before C. till D. while
22. I didn’t realize who he was _________ he took off his hat.
A. until B. as soon as C. by the time D. by
23. She is very reliable. ___________ she promises to do something, she will do it to the end.
A. While B. As soon as C. Until D. Once
24. Jane couldn’t say a word __________ she was asked by the police.
A. when B. before C. by D. while
25. It started to rain ____________ we set off for California.
A. since B. as soon as C. once D. by
26. ____________ June this year, I’ll have finished the English course.
A. since B. as soon as C. until D. by
27. ___________she wants something, she is determined to get it.
A. While B. As soon as C. Until D. Once
28. I have been teaching in Nguyen Du school _________ I graduated from university.
A. since B. when C. until D. after
29. ____________ I was a child, I have been taught how to behaved properly.
A. While B. As soon as C. Until D. Since
30. My sister phoned me _________ she arrived in Hanoi.
A. since B. as soon as C. until D. by
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2. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ LÝ DO: vì, do, bởi
Because Because
Since Since + S + V…. , S + V ….
As As
Now that
Now that/
= Because of
Due to + N / V-ing … , S + V…
Because of Owing to the fact that + S + V …, S + V …
Due to On account of
Owing to
Thanks to + N/ V-ing ….., S + V …
On account of
- Because/ Since/ As/ Now that my leg was broken, I couldn’t walk to school.
Thanks to = Because of my broken leg, I couldn’t walk to school.
(nhờ có…) = Because of the fact that my leg was broken, I couldn’t walk to school
- Because/ Since/ As/ Now that Nam was sick, he was absent from class today.
= Because of being sick, Nam was absent from class today.
= Because of his sickness, Nam was absent from class today.
= Because of the fact that Nam was sick, he was absent from class.
- We were late for class due to the heavy traffic.
- That he failed was due to his carelessness. (be due to sth: là do …)
- On account of his rudeness, he was punished.
- I could finish my university education thanks to my uncle’s financial support.
(“Now that” thường đứng ở đầu câu)

Ex 4: Choose the best answer

1. We stopped playing tennis …………….the sudden rain.
A. since B. thanks to C. because D. because of
2. It was all ................ her that we got into trouble
A. since B. thanks to C. because of D. due to
3. We had to hurry indoors ......…….it was raining.
A. owing to B. thanks to C. because D. because of
4. I am late .............. the heavy traffic
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
5. We didn't arrive until seven o'clock ……....... the traffic was terrible
A. although B. due to C. because D. thanks to
6. She found the exam easy .............. she had worked hard during the course.
A. owing to B. due to C. because D. for
7. He can't drive ............... his illness
A. since B. on account of C. because D. thanks to
8. The restaurant closed down ................ the economic recession.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
9. He found working in Japan very difficult ............... the language problem.
A. since B. due C. because D. owing to
10. It's very difficult to understand him .............. his accent.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
11. There have been a lot of problems in Britain ................ mad cow disease.
A. since B. on account of C. because D. thanks to
12. ................. he was driving too fast, he crashed his car
A. Thanks to B. Due to C. As D. On account of
13. He lost his driving licence ................. he was convicted of drinking and driving.
A. because of B. due to C. because D. thanks to
14. She could only eat a salad in the restaurant ................ she is a vegetarian.
A. now that B. due to C. because D. thanks to
15. The newspaper was prosecuted ................... an article with wrong information about the Government.
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A. as B. due to C. because D. thanks to
16. It was difficult to deliver the letter …………….… the sender had written the wrong address.
A. because of B. due to C. because D. for
17. Rescue attempts were temporarily halted ………………….. the bad weather.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
18. …………………. I don’t complain, people think I’m satisfied.
A. On account of B. due to C. because D. thanks to
19. Paul may not go to the football game …………………..his unfinished homework.
A. since B. due to C. because D. now that
20. My father was very angry ………………………..my careless mistake.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
21. ……………….my sister’s guidance, I could do these sums easily.
A. Since B. Due to C. On account of D. Thanks to
22. …………………….the heavy rain, we cancelled the trip to Huong pagoda.
A. as B. on account of C. because D. thanks to
23. …………………….being injured in the accident, Lan had to stay in bed for some days.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
24. Sarah had to get to my office to meet me in person …………………she couldn’t contact me on the phone.
A. for B. due to C. because D. thanks to
25. The students couldn’t do the test ……………….its complicated questions.
A. since B. owing to C. because D. thanks to
26. ………………. I got up late this morning, I missed the first bus to school.
A. Since B. Due to C. On account of D. Thanks to
27. …………………….not finishing all the tasks assigned, I was punished by my mother.
A. as B. on account of C. because D. thanks to
28. When I got to the airport, the plane had just taken off. I was late ……………….the traffic jam.
A. since B. due to C. because D. thanks to
29. I have never eaten this kind of food ……………it looks terrible.
A. now that B. due to C. because D. thanks to
30. Finally, I could do that tough exercise ……………the teacher’s clear explanation.
A. since B. owing to C. because D. thanks to
3. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ: Mặc dù
Although
Although Though + S + V…. , S + V ….
Though Even though
Even though = Despite + N / V-ing … , S + V…
In spite of the fact that + S + V …, S + V …
- Although the traffic is heavy, I still go to work on time.
Despite = Despite/ In spite of the heavy traffic, I still go to work on time.
In spite of = Despite/ In spite of the fact that the traffic is heavy, I still go to work on time.
- Even though she’s shy, she has many friends.
= Despite/ In spite of being shy, she has many friends.
= Despite/ In spite of her shyness, she has many friends.
= Despite/ In spite of the fact that she’s shy, she has many friends.
Ex 5: Choose the best answer
1. He got wet_______ he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. although D. in spite of
2. He stops working _______ heavy rain.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life _______ their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Tom wakes his parents up_______ playing the guitar very softly.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
5. Nobody could hear her_______ she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early _______the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of

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7. Many people believe him__________ he often tells a lie.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. because of
8. _______she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.
A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although
9. _______her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
A. Although B. In spite of C. Because of D. Because
10. ______her poverty, she feels happy.
A. Although B. Because C. If D. In spite of
11. We all feel sad _______ the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
12. John lost his job__________ his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
13. I went to the club last Saturday________ the heavy rain.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
14. He has had this car_________ six months.
A. in B. since C. during D. for
15. We can't go to Julia's party _______ we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
16. ____ repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it.
A. Because B. Despite C. Although D. Since
17. She walked home by herself _______ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. because B. although C. and D. but
18. _______ his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers.
A. Because of B. But for C. In spite of D. Without
19. Be careful, _________you’ll be hurt by that knife.
A. or B. but C. if D. however
20. Mai worked hard, ______ she passed her exam.
A. so B. although C. because D. though
21. _____ she was very tired, she helped her brother with his homework.
A. Because B. whether C. Although D. so
22. It’s raining hard, _____ we can’t go to the beach.
A. or B. but C. so D. though
23. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
24. Tom has a computer, _____ he doesn’t use it.
A. or B. as C. because D. but
25. The boy can’t reach the shelf ____ he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
26. The film was boring, ____ we went home.
A. so B. when C. but D. if
27. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive.
A. but B. if C. so D. although
28. He used to smoke a lot, ______ now he doesn’t smoke any more.
A. still B. therefore C. but D. as
29. She couldn’t unlock it ______ she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
30. ____ it rained, the boys played football.
A. Even B. Even though C. However D. In spite of
31. It was still painful, ____ I went to see a doctor.
A. so B. however C. but D. or
32. Lan likes oranges, _____ her sister doesn’t.
A. but B. as C. so D. because
33. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
34. He’s tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV.
A. and B. or C. if D. because
35. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently.
A. also B. but also C. and D. so
36. _______ the bad traffic, I arrived on time.
A. Though B. Although C. Even though D. In spite of
37. ______ they live near us, we can see them very often.

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A. So B. As C. Though D. Even
38. ______ I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.
A. If B. Although C. While D. However
39. We watched TV the whole evening ______ we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
40. It seems not to suit me, _____ I don’t like it.
A. and B. because C. so D. however
41. ______ it was late, I decided to phone Brian.
A. Despite B. However C. In spite of D. Though
42. The little boy was hungry, ______ he ate nothing.
A. although B. so C. but D. and
43. ______ the car was quite old, it was in good condition.
A. Although B. Because C. As D. If
44. ______ tomorrow is a public holiday, she still has to go to work.
A. As B. In spite of C. Although D. When
45. She came in _____ turned on the radio.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
46. We didn’t go for a walk _____ it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
47. ______ I tried to persuade her, I didn’t succeed.
A. Because B. So C. Although D. However
48. Lan woke up late, _____ she didn’t have time for breakfast
A. so B. since C. as D. though
49. I like fish, ____ I don’t like catching them myself.
A. or B. but C. so D. and
50. He had an accident ____ he was careful.
A. even though B. because C. so D. since
51. _____ it was raining, I went swimming.
A. So B. Because C. However D. Although
52. Ann felt ill, ____ she insisted on going to work.
A. though B. so C. and D. but
53. _____ I felt tired, I went to bed early.
A. Although B. So C. As D. However
54. _____ he’s got an English name, he is German.
A. Although B. However C. Because D. Since
55. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
56. We were the better team ,____ we lost the match.
A. so B. and C. but D. because
57. Keith decided to give up his job; ___, I advised him not to
A. because B. however C. although D. since
58. ______ we were in town, we often met him.
A. For B. Although C. So D. When
59. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.
A. because B. although C. so D. but
60. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite of C. despite D. in spite the fact that
61. In spite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
62. ___ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
63. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
64. The children slept well despite _____
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
65. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
66. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. in spite of D. despite of
67. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of

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68. I’m learning English ________ I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
69. Please do that work ________I told you yesterday.
A. like B. as C. same as D. similar to
70. This boy lied to you, ________you shouldn’t trust him anymore
A. so B. but C. and D. however
71. _______ Dad works hard all day; he always goes to bed late and gets up early.
A. However B. Despite C. Although D. No matter
72. That boy wasn’t busy. _______, he refused to help his mother.
A. So B. But C. And D. However
73. ________the rain, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. In spite of B. Even though C. Although D. Despite of
74. I didn’t get the job _________ my good English.
A. if B. although C. in spite of D. because
75. I’m not going to the party _________ I know that I should.
A. although B. because C. despite D. if
76. _________ I came to see her yesterday, she was reading a magazine.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
77. Tom went to work despite _______.
A. that he did not feel very well B. of the fact not feeling well
C. he did not feel very well D. not feeling very well
78. Though _______, they are good friends.
A. their sometimes quarrel B. to have a quarrel sometimes
C. they sometimes have a quarrel D. of having a quarrel sometimes
79. Despite _______, we arrived on time.
A. the heavy traffic B. of the traffic
C there was heavy traffic D. of there was heavy traffic
80. ___________it was very cold, she did not put on her coat.
A. In case B. But C. Even if D. Although
81. ______ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job.
A. Although B. While C. In spite of D. Despite of
82. ________ the internet is very popular, many people do not know how to use it.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. Despite
83. _________ he didn’t feel very well, David was determined to take part in the meeting.
A. Although B. While C. Whereas D. yet
84. They were brave and persistent._________, they had no chance of winning.
A. However B. While C. Although D. Whereas
85. Bob has been working very hard these days. ________, he can’t afford to buy a new car.
A. While B. Even though C. Though D. However
86. ________ she prepared for the job interview very carefully, Megan didn’t pass it.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. Though D. However
87. Josh is one of the best students of the school.______, he can’t pass the national chemistry exam.
A. However B. Although C. In spite of the fact that D. Despite
88. Bruce was not praised_________ he was a hard worker.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. despite of
89. It looks like they are going to succeed_________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. although C. in spite D. even though
90. Marry usually goes to parties. She likes meeting people and crowded places____ she is rather shy
A.in spite of B. even though C. on the contrary D. in other words
91. Ann: Have you decided to get the job?
Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided. I’ll accept that job_________ it is not suitable with my major. It is not an
interesting job,________ the salary is very good.
A. although / but B. despite / and C. but / though D. yet / however
92. ________, he continued to work on his thesis.
A. Although all these problems B. Even though there are problems
C. Despite all problems D. In spite of there are problems
93. __some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences between them.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. although D. Despite
94. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. despite of
95. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.

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A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
96. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
97. _______, he determined to continue his project.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
98. The children slept soundly despite _______.
A. it was noise B. the big noise C. of the noise D. noisy
99. She often quarreled with him _______ she loved him very much.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
100. _______ her inexperience, she was offered a good position
A. In spite B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of
4. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH: để …
will/ would
so that
S(1) + V + + S(2) + can/ could + V… : …để….
in order that
may/ might

(for sb) to Vo…

In order that S + V… + so as (for sb) to Vo… :… để …
So that in order (for sb) to Vo…

In order to/ so as (for sb) not to Vo…

S + V… : …để không …
in order (for sb) not to Vo…
So as to/ to
- I try to study hard in order that I can pass the coming exam.
= I try to study hard in order to/ so as to/ to pass the coming exam.
- I closed the door so that my son couldn’t get out of the room.
= I closed the door so as/ in order for my son not to get out of the room.
Ex6: Choose the best answer (CLAUSES OF PURPOSE: MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH)
1. He left home early _________ he could arrive at the station on time.
A. because of B. in order to C. although D. so that
2. He works hard_________ help his family.
A. so as that B. in order to C. in order that D. A and B are correct
3. He studies hard. He doesn’t want to fail in the exam.
= He studies hard _________fail in the exam.
A. not to B. so as not to C. in order to D. so that
4. Mary jogs everyday ________ lose weight.
A. so that she could B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to
5. You should look up the meaning of the new word in the dictionary _______ misuse it
A. so as to B. to C. so as not to D. so that
6. He lighted the candle ________ he might read the note.
A. so that B. and C. because D. as a result
7. He turned off the lights before going out _______ waste electricity.
A. so that not B. as not to C. in order that not D. so as not to
8. The school boys are in hurry ________ they will not be late for school.
A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for
9. He hid that letter in a drawer _______ no one could read it.
A. so that B. because C. although D. than
10. The students study English _________they can communicate with foreigners.
A. so that B. so as that C. in order to D. A & C
11. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator_____________ it doesn’t go bad.
A. since B. so that C. because D. after
12. The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly________.
A. to make his students to understand it B. in order that his students can understand it
C. so as to that his students could understand it D. so that his students could understand it
13. The boy always does his homework before class _______.
A. so as not to be punished by the teacher B. so as to be punished by the teacher
C. so that not to be punished by the teacher D. in order that not to be punished by the teacher
14. He left home early_________.
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A. so that he could arrive at the station on time. B. in order that he can arrive at the station on time.
C. so that he couldn’t arrive at the station on time. D. A& C
15. The teacher explained the lesson again in order that_________.
A. all the students could understand the lesson. B. all the students could drive to school.
C. all the students can pass the examination. D. all the students could exchange the answers.
16. She turned down the radio so that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors.
A. She turned down the radio so as not to disturb the neighbors.
B. She turned down the radio in order not to disturb the neighbors.
C. She turned down the radio in order that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors. D. All are correct.
17. He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.
A. He gave me his address so as to visit him.
B. He gave me his address for me in order to visit him.
C. He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
D. He gave me his address in order to for me visit him.
18. “I tried to study English well. I want to get a good job.” Means _________.
A. I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job
B. I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job
C. I tried to study English well to get a good job D. All are correct
19. “They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” Means _______.
A. They whispered in order to make anyone hear them
B. They whispered so that no one could hear them
C. They whispered to make everyone hear them
D. They whispered in order that make everyone hear them
20. “We preserve natural resources. We can use them in the future.” Means _____.
A. We preserve natural resources so that we can use them in the future
B. We preserve natural resources so as to we can use them in the future
C. We preserve natural resources for future use D. A and C
5. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ ĐIỀU KIỆN
- Loại 1: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If - Loại 2: I would say sorry to her if I were you.
- Loại 3: If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, I would have come to class on
time yesterday.
Unless - My mother will not allow me to go out unless I finish my homework.
(= if not) - Unless it rained, I would go out for a walk.
As long as
- I will lend you some money as long as you pay me back as your promise.
Providing
- I will buy things you want provided that/ providing you always try to study
Provided that
hard.
(miễn là)
Or/ Otherwise - You should eat more, or you'll make yourself ill.
(nếu không thì) - I'd better tell him about the letter, otherwise he might be angry.
6. LIÊN TỪ GIẢ ĐỊNH
In case
+ MĐ 1, MĐ2 (hoặc ngược lại)
In the event that
In case
In case of
In the event that + N/ V-ing, MĐ (hoặc ngược lại)
In the event of
(trong trường hợp/
phòng khi)
- I take note what to buy in the supermarket in case I forget later.
- I bring a raincoat in the event that it rains this afternoon.
- In case of fire, contact the firefighters by dialing 114.
- In the event of fire, use the extinguishers.
7. LIÊN TỪ CHỈ SỰ ĐỐI LẬP
While She is very sociable while her sister is very shy.
Whereas He loves traveling, whereas his wife wants to stay at home.
(trong khi, trái lại)

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Ex8: Choose the best answer
1. Bring your umbrella _______ it rains.
A. as long as B. unless C. in case D. provided that
2. Children are allowed to use the swimming pool _________ they are with an adult.
A. unless B. provided that C. or D. otherwise
3. _______ we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy.
A. If B. When C. Unless D. Only
4. _______we don’t try to limit the world’s population, there won’t be enough space to live.
A. When B. If C. Unless D. While
5. We must be early; _____________we won't get a good seat
A. provided that B. or C. unless D. in case
6. You can borrow my car ________ you promise you’ll take care of it.
A. unless B. as long as C. or D. otherwise
7. We’ll buy some more food _________ Tom comes.
A. provided that B. in case C. unless D. then
8. Take that chocolate away, ___________ I'll eat it all.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. or D. both B and C are correct
9. They had to get up early, _________ they would be late for class.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. unless D. because
10. Come in now, ____________ you'll get wet.
A. provided that B. or C. unless D. in case
11. She keeps spending much money __________ her parents try to earn one single penny.
A. provided that B. if C. while D. when
12. I’ll give you my phone number ____________you need to contact me.
A. provided that B. even if C. unless D. in case
13. My friend always likes to eat sweets, _____________ I prefer sour food
A. provided that B. if C. whereas D. when
14. I'd better write it down, ___________ I'll forget it.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. unless D. as long as
15. Some people like to eat beef with much skin in it, ____________ others hate it.
A. provided that B. if C. whereas D. when
16. ______________ an actual emergency, you should call for help.
A. In the event of B. In case C. In the event that D. Provided that
17. Here the average temperature in January is 24°, ___________ at Ho Chi Minh it is only over 15°.
A. provided that B. if C. whereas D. when
18. I'd better tell him the truth, __________ he might be angry.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. unless D. if
19. Tigers have stripy fur ___________ leopards have spots.
A. provided that B. if C. while D. when
20. ___________ the performance is canceled, you can get your money back.
A. In the event that B. In case of C. In the event of D. As long as
21. They say that fashion is temporary, _____________ style lasts forever.
A. provided that B. yet C. whereas D. therefore
22. __________ you win the prize, you will be notified by mail.
A. In the event that B. In case of C. In the event of D. As long as
23. In Southern France the winters are quite mild ____________ in the North they can be extremely cold.
A. provided that B. however C. while D. when
24. You'd better hurry, __________ you'll miss the train.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. as long as D. unless
25. ____________ the food in that restaurant is top quality, the service is terrible.
A. Provided that B. Because C. While D. When
26. Have a contingency plan _____ something goes wrong
A. in case of B. in case C. in the event of D. as long as
27. Call home, ___________ your parents will start to worry.
A. provided that B. otherwise C. unless D. as long as
28. ____________ you behave well and study hard, I will buy you your favourite bike.
A. While B. Even if C. Unless D. As long as
29. _____________she doesn’t arrive on time, we’ll set off without her.
A. When B. If C. Unless D. While
30. ___________you revise your lesson carefully, I think you can’t do the test well.
A. When B. If C. Unless D. While

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IV. MỘT SỐ LIÊN TỪ THÔNG DỤNG KHÁC
1. Những liên từ dùng để thêm thông tin
 besides (ngoài ra)  furthermore (hơn thế nữa)
 in addition (thêm vào đó)  moreover (thêm vào đó)
 to begin with, next, then, finally (mở đầu, tiếp theo là, sau đó, cuối cùng là)
 first, second, third… (thứ nhất, thứ hai, thứ ba…) = in the first place, in the second place, in the third
2. Những liên từ chỉ nguyên nhân, hệ quả (tương tự: so, therefore)
 Accordingly, / according to sth (Theo như)  consequently (Do đó, hậu quả là)
 as a result (Kết quả là)  hence, thus (Vì vậy)
3. Những liên từ chỉ sự so sánh
 in the same way (theo cách giống như thế)
 likewise, similarly (tương tự thế)
4. Những dấu hiệu chỉ sự đối lập (tương tự: but, however)
 nevertheless (tuy nhiên)  instead (Thay vì, thay vào đó)
 in contrast, on the contrary (ngược lại)  on the other hand (Mặt khác)
5. Những liên từ chỉ kết luận hoặc tổng kết.
 after all (sau tất cả)  in conclusion (kết luận lại)
 at last, finally (cuối cùng)  on the whole (nói chung)
 in brief (nói chung)  to sum up/ in sum (Tóm lại)
6. liên từ chỉ ví dụ:
 for example = for instance = to illustrate (ví dụ như)
7. Những liên từ chỉ sự khẳng định
 in fact (thực tế là, trên thực tế)  especially (đặc biệt là)
 indeed (Thật sự là)
8. Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ sự nhắc lại
 in other words (nói cách khác)  in short (nói ngắn gọn là)
Ex9: Choose the best answer
1. I love this song because it has a catchy melody. __________, its lyrics are very meaningful and poetic.
A. Because B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. However
2. Learning language is a stepping stone for a well-paid job in the future. ________, your knowledge will be
broadened from learning it.
A. Because B. But C. Furthermore D. However
3. This city is famous for its scenery which is very peaceful. _______, the local people are very friendly and
welcoming.
A. Because B. Thus C. Besides D. Therefore
4. Pizza gains popularity among the young as it is very easy to make and eat. _________, the price is very
reasonable, ranging from 5$ -10$.
A. Because B. In addition C. As a result D. However
5. The solution is a bit long, ____________, this is still the correct solution.
A. Nevertheless B. But C. Consequently D. Therefore
6. Smartphones play an important role in my life as it is the tool to keep in touch with my family. ______, it is
a form of entertainment.
A. Because B. In addition C. As a result D. However
7. The reason why I chose this house is because of its lake view. _________, it is quite near my company.
A. Because B. And C. Besides D. Therefore
8. Books are extremely beneficial for children’ creativity. _______, they are an endless source of information
for the young.
A. Because B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. However
9. Banana is a common fruit in the world because of its flavor. _, they can be used for several different purposes.
A. Because B. And C. Besides D. However
10. Motorbike is the most popular transportation In Vietnam due to its affordable price. ______, because of the
small roads and congestion in Vietnam, Motorbike is the fastest choice to go to work on time.
A. Because B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. However
11. I prefer e-dictionary because it is very flexible for my timetable. ____, it is very portable to carry around.
A. Although B. But C. Moreover D. However
12. Online learning limits the interaction between students and teachers in the class. ________, it is a suitable
way of learning and teaching in the context of Covid - 19 epidemic.
A. Because B. However C. Whereas D. Furthermore
13. I completely spent my savings on the new computer and ___ I had to ask my parents for financial support.
A. nevertheless B. in addition C. consequently D. but
14. He did not wake up early. __________, he was late for school.
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 Ôn thi TNTHPT – LIÊN TỪ
A. However B. So C. Moreover D. Consequently
15. That student did not finish his homework. _________, he was not permitted to join the lesson.
A. Thus B. So C. Besides D. However
16. I suspect they are trying to hide something, ______ there needs to call for an independent inquiry.
A. nevertheless B. hence C. in addition D. but
17. I knew everything. ___________, I tried to pretend I didn’t know.
A. Nevertheless B. Hence C. In addition D. But
18. She did not like the dessert; ___________, she threw it all away.
A. nevertheless B. but C. consequently D. however
19. Today’s road is quite empty. ____________, the accident still happened.
A. Nevertheless B. Thus C. In addition D. But
20. I want to go to the party. _______, I ought to be studying. I am going to have an entrance exam next week.
A. On the other hand B. Therefore C. Besides D. But
21. I turned on the fan __________ the room was hot.
A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because
22. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight ________ we can find a baby-sitter.
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. if
23. Carol showed up for the meeting ________ I asked her not to be there.
A. even though B. despite C. provided that D. because
24. You must lend me the money for the trip. ________, I won’t be able to go.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although
25. The roles of men and women were not the same in ancient Greece. For example, men were both participants
and spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women, ________ ,were forbidden to attend or participate.
A. nevertheless B. therefore C. so D. otherwise
26. The windows were all left open. _____, the room was a real mess after the windstorm.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
27. It looks like they’re going to succeed ________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet
28. ________ Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth about the incident.
A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
29. The sky was gray and cloudy. ________, we went to the beach.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
30. My car broke down on the way.____________, when I got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
A. Because B. However C. Consequently D. Furthemore
Ex 10: Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting
1. They can speak English and use a computer. However, they can easily get a good job.
A B C D
2. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming.
A B C D
3. In spite her serve pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium to attend the lecture.
A B C D
4. Friends advised her to stop doing the housework because her old age.
A B C D
5. My friend was shocked although he was informed of the news of his mother’s death.
A B C D
6. Thunder is rarely heard beyond 15 miles because of temperature and wind vary at different heights in the
A B C D
region around the thunderstorm.
7. Because the invention of labor-saving devices such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, women spend
A B C
less time doing the housework.
D
8. Although our grandfather was old, but he could still help us.
A B C D
9. John didn’t go to work because of he was seriously ill.
A B C D
10. He tried to explain, so she refused to listen.
A B C D
11. Mrs. Green was cooking dinner when her daughter Susan was laying the table.
A B C D
12. Although the bad traffic, I manage to arrive at the meeting on time.

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 Ôn thi TNTHPT – LIÊN TỪ
A B C D
13. Though he loves her very much, but he can’t talk to her about his feeling.
A B C D
14. The prices of accommodation are very high. Nevertheless, many people cannot afford to buy a house.
A B C D
15. John often has a lot of interesting and creative plans. So, everyone wants to work with him.
A B C D
==============================================================================
Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the questions
Question 1: She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.
A. became very angry B. kept her temper C. had a temperature D. felt worried
Question 2: I take my hat off to all those people worked hard to get the contract.
A. respect B. discourage C. disrespect D. dislike
Question 3: She got up late and rushed to the bus stop.
A. came into B. went leisurely C. went quickly D. walked slowly
Question 4: The whole village was wiped out in the bombing raids.
A. changed completely B. cleaned well C. destroyed completelyD. removed quickly
Question 5: Laws on military service since 1960 still hold good.
A. remains for good B. is still in good condition C. stands in life D. remains in effect
Question 6: The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.
A. speed B. expect more C. do better D. treat better
Question 7: He was asked to account for his presence at the scene of crime.
A. complain B. exchange C. explain D. arrange
Question 8: The children were full of beans today, looking forward to their field trip.
A. eating a lot of beans B. surprising C. unhappy D. lively and in high spirits
Question 9: The factory has to take on 200 workers in order to complete the plan.
A. fire B. employ C. interview D. apply
Question 10: Mary couldn’t stand it anymore. She decided to speak her mind.
A. have a chat B. make up her mind
C. say exactly what she thought D. say a few words
Question 11: My close friend, Trang, always helps me when I am in need.
A. sends money B. gives a hand C. buys a book D. gives care
Question 12: We can use either verbal or nonverbal forms of communication.
A. using facial expressions B. using gesture C. using speech D. using verbs
Question 13: “It’s no use talking to me about philosophy. It’s a closed book to me.’’
A. a subject that I don’t understand B. a theme that I like to discuss
C. a book that is never opened D. an object that I really love
Question 14: The teacher gave some hints on what could come out for the examination.
A. effects B. symptoms C. suggestions D. demonstrations
Question 15: My father is always bad-tempered when I leave my room untidy.
A. feeling embarrassed B. talking too much
C. very happy and satisfied D. easily annoyed or irritated
Question 16: Emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles can have detrimental effects on our
health.
A. beneficial B. neutral C. needy D. harmful
Question 17: The bomb exploded in the school; fortunately no one was injured.
A. taken off B. went off C. put on D. hold up
Question 18: One of the main goals of WHO is conducting research on medical development and health care.
A. going by B. giving away C. carrying out D. looking up
Question 19: What most prevents women from reaching the boardroom, say bosses and headhunters, is lack of
hands-on experience of a firm’s core business.
A. significant B. practical C. available D. tested
Question 20: Sports and festivals form an integral part of every human society.
A. Informative B. delighted C. exciting D. essential

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