QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

A quadratic equation is an equation equivalent to an equation

of the type

ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a is nonzero

Roots are also called x-intercepts or zeros.
Q. Find Zeros of the below quadratic equation
f(x)= 𝑥 2 +5x+6 or y = 𝑥 2 +5x+6

Sol: 𝑥 2 +5x+6=0
x = -2
x = -3
 Example

x 2  5x  6  0
a =1, b =5, c =6

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
 5  (5) 2  4(1)(6)
x
2(1)
 5  25  24

2
5 1

2
 5 1

2


 5 1
2  2 
 5 1
2
 3  2,3 BCK
Completing the Square

Example : x2 + 8x = 1
8
 4 42 
2
x2 + 8x = 1
x  8x  16  1  16
2

x  42  17
 x  42   17
x  4   17
x  4  17
Example : Solve (4x + 1)(3x – 5) = 0
Notice the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
4x+ 1 = 0
4x = – 1
x=–¼
3x – 5 = 0
3x = 5
x = 5/3

Solution: x = - ¼ and 5/3  t = {- ¼, 5/3}

Factorization Method
Example : x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
Quadratic equation  factor the left hand side (LHS)
x2 + 7x + 6 = (x + 6 ) (x +1 )
 x2 + 7x + 6 = (x + 6)(x + 1) = 0
Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0
 set each factor equal to 0 and solve
x+6=0 x+1=0
x=–6 x=–1
Solution: x = - 6 and – 1  x = {-6, -1}
 Graphical significant of Quadratic Equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a is nonzero

𝑏
1) Axis of symmetry: x= -
2𝑎
𝑏 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2) Vertex : x =− , y=− ( )
2𝑎 4𝑎
3) If a >0 than graph concave upward
If a< 0 than graph concave downward
Example : y  x 2  8x  7
a = 1, b = -8 c = 7

𝑏 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
1.Vertex : x =− , y=−( )
2𝑎 4𝑎

−8 (−8)2 −4X1X7 64-28 36

x= − = 8, y= - ( )= -( )= - = -9
1 4X1 4 4

𝑏 −8
2.Axis of symmetry : x = - =- = 8 , Hence x=8
2𝑎 1

3.Calculate the zero of the quadratic equation : 𝑥 2 -8x+7 = 0

Use quadratic equation  b  b 2  4ac

x
2a

x= 7 , x =1
4.Calculate the y-intercept :
Put x = 0 in the equation y = 02 -8 X 0 + 7 =0+0+7= 7
Y – intercept = 7