19-04-2022

19-APRIL-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 19th April 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Thunderstorms likely in parts of State - - - 3 -

2 Sri Lankan lessons for India 9 9 7 7 7

3 Govt. to strive for better life for haemophilia patients - - - - 3

4 Organ allocation all set to become an automated process in T.N. 2 - - - -

5 Cost of high fuel drives delivery personnel to go electric - 4 - - -

7 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
8 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 3 – H.

Thunderstorm Occurrence & Formation

• A rain shower - hear thunder. • Arise when layers of warm, moist air rise
in a large, swift updraft to cooler regions
• A violent short-lived weather disturbance.
of the atmosphere.
• Associated with
• Moisture contained in updraft condenses.
 lightning

 Thunder

 dense clouds

 heavy rain or hail

 strong gusty winds

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• To form towering cumulonimbus clouds  precipitation occurs.

• Columns of cooled air sink earthward, striking ground with strong downdrafts and horizontal winds.

• Electrical charges accumulate on cloud particles.

• Lightning discharges occur – sufficient electric charge accumulated.

• Lightning heats air it passes through.

• Shock waves are produced.

• Shock waves heard as claps and rolls

of thunder.

• Severe thunderstorms accompanied by

swirling air vortices.

• Become concentrated and powerful

enough to form tornadoes.

Types

1. Tornado

 A severe thunderstorm.

 A violently rotating column of air extending

from the base of a thunderstorm down to
ground.

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2. . Single-Cell

 A “popcorn” convection.

 Small, brief, and weak.

 Tend to grow and die within an

hour.

 Typically occurs on a hot summer

afternoon.

 Can produce brief heavy rain and

lightning.

3. Multi-cell thunderstorms
. 4. Squalls
 A bit more severe.
 A multi-cell storm grows in a line - 10 to
 Can produce new cells & last as a system 20 miles wide.
for hours.
 Often accompanied with high wind and
 Can produce hail, strong winds, brief heavy rain.
tornadoes, and flooding.
 Squall lines intense, tend to pass quickly.

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5. Supercells

 Long-lived.

 Occur for at least one hour.

 Highly organized storms feed

off an updraft - tilted and
rotation.

 Can be up to 10 miles in
diameter and up to 50,000
feet tall.

 20 to 60 minutes before a
tornado forms.

6. Mesoscale Convective System (MCS)

 A collection of thunderstorms - spread across

an entire state.

 Last more than 12 hours.

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Pg: 9 – C, B;
Pg: 7 – D, H, T.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
 India and its neighborhood- relations.
 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

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Reason for crisis in Sri Lanka and

• Civil war – affected the investment
lessons for India
 Private investors reluctant to commit
• End of colonial rule - nationalism in politics
due to uncertainty
and welfarism in economics
 Govt. spending constrained
• Ethno-nationalism
 Due to military operations
• Official “Sinhala Only” language policy
 Due to lack of time to address stress
• Linguistic disenfranchisement
points in market economy
 Alienation of Tamil-speaking population
 Lack of time to have a economic
 Formation of Tamil Tigers development plan.

 Exodus of Tamils

• Result
Lesson for India
 Social strife
• Identity politics - root cause for economic
 Hamper the development of the disaster
productive forces
• Factors that may affect investment in
 Affect the economic growth India

 Strife between the Centre and the States

 Antagonism between religious communities

• Result

 Exit of some high-net-worth Indians

 Outflow of foreign direct investment

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Lesson for India

• States – increased welfare spending

Reason  Examples - bicycles for girls and

television sets to families
• Flawed economic policy
• Welfare spending affects the spending on
• 1950 - welfare programmes
measures that increase an economy’s
• Joan Robinson - “wanting to taste the fruit productive capacity

before growing it”  Endowment of schools, hospitals and the

 Did not support welfarism (distribution of infrastructure
consumer goods the centrepiece of economic
• Ethical issue
policy)
 Welfarism financed by borrowing means –
future generations paying current
consumption

Reason
Lesson for India
• Treating openness to the world economy as
• Increasing domestic production across
a universal remedy
sectors
• 1970s – Lanka liberalized trade and
 Oilseeds
capital flows
 Renewable energy
• Sri Lanka relied on trade for even the
essential consumption goods  Defence equipment

 Led to the reduction of the foreign

exchange reserves

• Option - reviving food producing sector

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Practice Question – Mains

GS-II
Q. Discuss in detail the key take away lessons
for India from the crisis in Sri Lanka
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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Pg: 3 – T.

Haemophilia
• Occurs in about 1 in 5,000 births.
• An inherited condition.
• Haemophilia B (factor IX
• Causes bleeding for a long time after injury or deficiency) - less common.
surgery.
• Occurs in around 1 in about
• Painful swelling of joints either after injury or even 20,000 births.
without injury.

Cause

• A deficiency of clotting factor.

 Results in increased bleeding.

• Haemophilia A (clotting factor VIII deficiency) -

more common.

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How is it inherited?

• X linked disease and inherited from the

mother.
• Female defective gene on one of her X
• Inheritance - defective gene on X chromosomes - "haemophilia carrier.”
chromosome. Carrier does not suffer from haemophilia.

• All humans have X chromosomes.  But can pass on disease to their sons.

• Females - two X chromosomes.  Their daughters do not have the disease.

• Males - one X and one Y chromosome.  But they may also be carriers.

• Only X chromosome carries genes related to

haemophilia.

• Male who inherits haemophilia gene on his X

chromosome - suffer from haemophilia.

• A new mutation in families without a

history of haemophilia.

• X-linked disorders associated with

mutations on X-chromosome.

• Affect males more often than females.

• Females - an additional X chromosome -

“back-up.”

• Males only one X chromosome - mutation

in factor VIII or IX gene.

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.
Sex linked disorder

• Red-green color blindness

• Congenital night blindness

• High blood pressure genes

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy

• Fragile X syndrome.

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Pg: 2 – C.

Issues
Organ Transplantation
Systemic issues
• Transfer of an organ or tissue from one
• No change in the number of donations/
person’s body into another
establishment in spite of amendments of
• Transplant candidate – individual medically Organ Transplant act
suited to benefit from an organ transplant
• Living organ donations - Delay due to
approval by state-level committee or
hospital committee

• Deceased organ donations

 Only few hospitals declare brain deaths

 People are not in place to counsel families

 And this leads to poor conversion rate

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Infrastructural and Skilled Personnel problems

Expectation of the possibility of organ
• Lack of required personnel
rejection
• Lack of equipment
• Body fights off the newly implanted organ
• Limited facilities for transport
• Immune system makes proteins called anti-
Lack of awareness, religious and other issues bodies – to kill the new organ

• No structured/focused awareness initiatives Lack of a centralized registry for Organ

• No platforms available for ‘sign up’ Donation

• Religious beliefs, unpleasant hospital • No centralized list of potential recipients

experiences -detrimental to the • Leads to wastage of organs

improvement of the organ transplant sector

News • By integrating

• TRANSTAN - Transplant Authority of  Aadhar authentication

Tamil Nadu  Payment gateway

• Testing the possibility of organ allocation  SMS pathway

through Vidiyal App
 Automated calls to hospitals
 To achieve transparency and data
 Mobile notification
privacy

• TRANSTAN moved from SMS & email

based allocation to Whatsapp in 2018

• Re-designed the patient registry – to

make it a fully automated process

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with reference
to Organ transplantation
1. After natural cardiac death only a few
organs/tissues can be donated like cornea,
bone, skin and blood vessels whereas after
brain stem death almost 37 different organs
and tissues can be donated including vital
organs such as kidneys, heart, liver and lungs.
2. Tissues are not included as organs as per the
Transplantation of Human Organs
(Amendment) Act 2011.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Pg: 4 – B.

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan Important provision

(NEMMP) • Intends to allow hybrid and electric vehicles

• A National Mission document prepared in - first choice for purchasers.

2020. • To replace conventional vehicles & reduce

• To provide vision & roadmap. liquid fuel consumption.

 For faster adoption of electric vehicles

and their manufacturing in country.

1. Designed to enhance national fuel security.

2. To provide affordable and environmentally

friendly transportation.

3. To enable the Indian automotive industry to

achieve global manufacturing leadership.

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1. Demand side incentives to facilitate the acquisition of hybrid/electric vehicles.

2. Promoting R&D in technology

3. Promotion of charging
infrastructure.

4. Provides for Supply

side incentives.

5. Encourages retro-fitment of on-

road vehicles its hybrid kit.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to National Electric Mobility
Mission Plan (NEMMP), consider the
following statements:
1. NEMMP launched Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric
Vehicles in India (FAME India) scheme.
2. Planned to enhance national fuel security.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with reference
to Organ transplantation
1. After natural cardiac death only a few
organs/tissues can be donated like cornea,
bone, skin and blood vessels whereas after
brain stem death almost 37 different organs
and tissues can be donated including vital
organs such as kidneys, heart, liver and lungs.
2. Tissues are not included as organs as per the
Transplantation of Human Organs
(Amendment) Act 2011.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to National Electric Mobility
Mission Plan (NEMMP), consider the
following statements:
1. NEMMP launched Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric
Vehicles in India (FAME India) scheme.
2. Planned to enhance national fuel security.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Mains

GS-II
Q. Discuss in detail the key take away lessons
for India from the crisis in Sri Lanka
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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