eam UNE Online
2D and 3D Figures
Introduction To 2D And 3D Figures
Geometry is a study of shapes. It is broadly classified into two types: plane geometry
called 2d shapes and solid geometry called 3d shapes. Let us draw a picture of a
notebook on a piece of paper. What we observe is a plain picture drawn on paper. It does
not occupy any space called 2d shapes, but if we keep a real notebook on that piece of
paper it occupies some space, and such shapes are called 3d shapes or three-
dimensional shapes.
Plane geometry or two-dimensional geometry deal with the flat figures that can be drawn
on a piece of paper like line, curves, polygons, quadrilaterals, etc, while solid geometry or
three-dimensional geometry deals with solid shapes or three-dimensional shapes
Examples of three-dimensional shapes are sphere, cylinders, cones, etc.
What are 2D Shapes?
In geometry, a shape or a figure that has two dimensions namely a length and a breadth is
called a 2D shape. In other words, a plane object that has only length and breadth is a 2
dimensional shape. Straight or curved lines make up the sides of this shape. Also, these
figures can have any number of sides.
There are no fixed properties of the 2D shape. As each shape has a different number of
sides and for each shape, properties vary. But, every 2D shape is flat and is enclosed.
Definition of 2D shapes
In geometry, 2D shapes can be defined as completely flat plane figures and only two
dimensions - length and width. They are not thick and can only be measured in two
dimensions. A polygon is a 2-Dimensional shape composed of vertical line segments
connected to one another, thus giving it a closed shape. Circles, squares, rectangles, and
triangles are some examples of two-dimensional objects and these shapes can be drawn
on paper. Except for the circle which is a curved figure, all 2-D shapes have sides, comers,
and internal angles. 2D Figures have at least three 2D straight sides and they are known as
polygons and that includes triangles, squares, and quadrilaterals,
What are 3D Shapes?eam UNE Online
The shapes that occupy space are called 3D shapes. 3D shapes can also be defined as
the solid shapes having three dimensions length, width, and height. A football is an
example of the sphere which is a three-dimensional figure while a circle drawn on a piece
of paper is a two- dimensional figure. Similarly, we have many 3D shapes all around us like
a table, chair, notebook, pen, etc.
Definition of 3D shapes
3D shapes are solid objects or objects with three dimensions (length, width, and height),
compared to objects with only two sides in length and width. The most important terms
with the geometric shapes of 3D are faces, edges, and vertices. They have a depth so they
take a certain amount of volume. Some 3D shapes have their base and top parts or cross
sections such as 2D shapes. For instance, The cube has all the square-shaped sides. Now
we will learn more about each 3D shape. 3D environments are divided into several
categories. Some of them have curved areas; others are in the form of pyramids or
prisms.
Terms used for 3D figures
“Face. The face is a flat or curved area in 3D shape. For example a cube has six
faces, a cylinder has three faces and a circle has one face.
+ Edges. Edge is the corner where two points meet .
+ Vertices. The vertex is where the edges meet.
Difference Between 2D and 3D Shapes: Tabular Formeam UNE Online
Parameters
2D Figures
3D Figures
Abbreviation
Edges
Drawing on paper
Examples
Dimensions
View
Axis
The term 2D is
denoted as two-
dimensional.
2 figure, all edges are
clearly visible
Itis easy to draw
details with 2D
Figures.
A few examples of 2D
shapes are rectangle,
square, circle, triangle,
or any other polygon.
Usually 2d figures have
a total of two
dimensions.
20 Figures give a
simple view of the
object.
X and the Y-axes.
The term 3D is denoted as
three-dimensional.
In the 3D figure, some
edges are hidden.
Details are complicated for
3d Figure.
A few examples of 3D
shapes are cuboid, cube,
sphere, cone, prism,
cylinder, pyramid, etc.
Usually 3d figures have
multiple dimensions.
A3D figure gives a
structural view of an
object
X, Y and the Z-axes
Solved Examples:
Example 1:
Find the volume and surface area of a cuboid of I= 10cm, b = 8cm and h = 6 cm.
Solution: We have Volume of cuboid = V=Ixbxh
=10x8x6
= 480cm?
Surface area = 2 (Ib + Ih + bh)
= 2( 10x8 + 10x6 + 8x6)eam UNE Online
=2(80 + 60 + 48)
=376cm?
Example 2:
The length of the rectangular field is 15m and width is 6m. Find the area and perimeter of
the field.
Solution:
Given that Length = 15m
Width = 6m
We have, Area formula A = length x width
=15x6
= 90m?
And Perimeter formula P = 2 (length + width)
=2x(15+6)
=2x21
= 42m.
Quiz Time
1.Find the area of the right-angled triangle whose base is 12cm and hypotenuse 13cm.
a. 40 cm
b. 85cm
c. 60cm
d. 30cm?
2. The side of a square whose surface area is 600cm iseam UNE Online
a. 10cm
b. 20 cm
c. 30cm
d. 40cm
Fun Facts
+ 3D graphics are used in computers to make video games or animated movies.
* Some people consider time as a fourth dimension