COMP, COMP1, COMP2 and COMP3 IN

COBOL
COMP:

COMP usage clause will be called as BINARY or COMPUTATION. COMP usage

clause applicable to Numeric data type only. COMP usage is a binary
representation of data. The data in COMP variables stored memory in pure
binary format. The memory allocation for COMP USAGE is like below.
Picture Number of Bytes
S9 to S9(4) 2
S9(5) to S9(9) 4
S9(9) to S9(18) 8

Let’s take an example for displaying all data types which are passing through
program and see how it is after writing to the program.

       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. COM1.
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01 A PIC S9(8) USAGE COMP.
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           INITIALIZE A
           MOVE '1234567' TO A.
           DISPLAY A.
           DISPLAY 'LENGTH ' LENGTH OF A.
           STOP RUN.
COMP-1:
COMP-1 usage clause will be called as Floating point. COMP-1 usage clause
is applicable to single floating point data type. COMP-1 is specified for
internal floating point items which is single precision. COMP-1 items are 4
bytes long. PICTURE clause should not be specified. COMP-1 allows Signed
floating point item where the sign will store on leftmost byte first bit which is
allocated to exponent. In the 4 bytes, leftmost 8 bits to store exponent and
remaining 24 bits stores mantissa. The COMP-1 memory calculations like
below.
 Picture Number of Bytes
9(16)- 1 word 4
COMP-1 will store the data in the format of mantissa and exponent. Here
Mantissa is numeric value and exponent is the precision number.

       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. COM1.
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01 A USAGE COMP-1.
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           INITIALIZE A
           MOVE '1234567' TO A.
           DISPLAY A.
           DISPLAY 'LENGTH ' LENGTH OF A.
           STOP RUN.
COMP-2:
COMP-2 usage clause will be called as Hexadecimal form. COMP-2 usage
clause applicable to double floating point data type. COMP-2 is specified for
internal floating point items which is double precision. COMP-2 items are 8
bytes long. PICTURE clause should not be specified. COMP-2 allows Signed
floating point item where the sign will store on leftmost byte first bit which is
allocated to exponent. In the 8 bytes, leftmost 12 bits to store exponent and
remaining 52 bits stores mantissa. The COMP-2 memory calculations like
below. 

Picture Number of Bytes

9(32)- 2 word 8
COMP-2 will store the data in the format of mantissa and exponent. Here
Mantissa is numeric value and exponent is the precision number.
       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. COM2.
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01 A USAGE COMP-2.
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           INITIALIZE A
           MOVE '1234567' TO A.
           DISPLAY A.
           DISPLAY 'LENGTH ' LENGTH OF A.
           STOP RUN.
COMP-3:
COMP-3 usage clause will be called as packed decimal form. COMP-3 usage
clause is applicable for numeric data type. COMP-3 will store the data as
packed. i.e. two digits in each byte. COMP-3 data will be stored in memory
as BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Format. COMP-3 data stored in memory
higher to lower in the size of nibble (4 bits). i.e. The upper nibble stores the
most significant digit and lower nibble stores the next digit and the upper
nibble stores the next digit etc,. COMP-3 allows Signed packed decimal item
where the sign will store on least significant digit (rightmost lower nibble). In
COMP-3 Sign always table one nibble so always even number of nibbles
allocated.

Picture Number of Bytes

9 ½ Byte
The formula for memory calculation of the COMP-3 data item which declared
with N bytes. PICTURE clause required for COMP-3 declaration.

        IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.

       PROGRAM-ID. COM3.
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       01 A PIC 9(4)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3.
       01 B PIC 9(4).9(2).
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
           INITIALIZE A
           MOVE 1234.67 TO A.
           MOVE A TO B.
           DISPLAY A.
           DISPLAY 'LENGTH ' LENGTH OF A.
           DISPLAY B.
           DISPLAY 'LENGTH ' LENGTH OF B.
           STOP RUN.