Practical Task1

Title: Operating a pneumatic pressdirectly Objectives:

Observation

When S1 and S2 are pressed the Y1 will have a signal to actuate the cylinder, but if you press only the S1
it will not have a signal to Y1 because it was a AND logic. Either S3 OR S4 press the Y2 will have a signal
to retract the cylinder because it was an OR logic.

Combination of OR and AND logic.

Practical Task2
Title: Operating a pneumatic press indirectly

Observation

When the S1 and S2 press the K1 relay will have a signal to close the K1 and the Y1 will have a signal to
actuate the cylinder. Either the S3 and S4 press the K2 relay will have a signal to close the K2 and the Y2
will have a signal to retract the cylinder.

1.GiveanapplicationexampleofwhereanANDcircuitisused.
They are used in the functioning of street lights.

AND Gates are used to enable/inhibit the data transfer function.

They are also used in TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) and CMOS circuitry.

2.

They are basically used in circuits involving computation and processing.

They are also used in push-button switches. E.g. Door Bell.

3. Both the S1 and S2 press to give a signal to the K1 relay and the K1 will close to give a signal the Y1 to
actuate the cylinder. When the S1, S2, and S3 unpress the Y1 will lose a signal and the cylinder will
retract.

The S1 and S2 was a AND logic, the branch 1 and 3 was a OR logic.

S1
1 0
1 1
0 0
0 0
1 1
S2 S3 Y1
0 0
0 1
1 1
0 0
1 1
a)Is the above electric circuit direct or indirect control? Explainwhy.
Indirect control because it has a 2 relay.

b)What is the name of the part which is labeled asY1?

-Valve solenoid

c)What is the difference between K1 in branch 2 and K1 in branch4?

the K1 in branch 2 was the main relay while the K1 in branch 4 was the function of
the relay. Like smart street lighting, the sensor was the K1 in branch 2 to sense the
upcoming vehicle and the bulb was the K1 in branch 4.

d)What is the difference between K1 in branch 2 and Y1 in branch4

The K1 is the relay that controls the signal in the electrical circuit and the Y1 is the
signal for the solenoid valve to actuate the valve.

e) How to extend the piston of the abovecylinder?

If you press either the S1 or S2 switch the k1 relay will have a signal to normally
close K1 in branch 4 and Y1 will have a signal to actuate the piston above the
cylinder.
Practical task3
Title: Latchingcircuit Objectives:
Upon the competition of this task, the student should be able to control an electro-
pneumatic system by using an electrical latching circuit.

Observation

It is a dominant off-latching type circuit. When the S1 is pressed the K1 will be energized to have a signal
in Y1. When S2 is pressed the K1 will lose a signal also the Y1. If the S1 and S2 press simultaneously the
K1 is not energized.

1.Explain briefly the meaning of latching in electricalcircuits

Itisaprocesswheretherelaycontactsremainonwithoutkeepingtherelaycoilenergized.In other
words,itisrequiredsometimestokeepthecircuitpoweredforacertainfunctioneventhoughapushbuttonswitc
hisreleasedtotheopenposition.

a)Which one is the latching circuit? Indicate the circuitnumber.

Circuit NUMBER 1,2,3,4,13 AND 14

b)What type of switch are switches S1 andS2?

Pushbutton

d)What is the function of switchS2?

Off button switch to stop the connection

e)How to extend and retract the cylinderpiston?

When the s1 is press the K1 will energize and the Y1 will have a signal so that the piston will extend.
When the S2 is pressed it will lose the signal in the K1 relay so it will retract the piston.

f)State whether the above electro-pneumatic system is controlled directly or

indirectly. Justify youranswer
Indirectly because it used relay in the circuit.

Homework

a)Is the electric circuit above directly or indirectly controlled?Why?

Indirectly because it used relay in the circuit.

b)Which switch is used to operate the circuit?

Either S1 and S2

c)Which branch represents the latchingcircuit?

1,2 AND 3

d) Which switch is used to release (unlatch) the circuit?

S4

d. Explain, how to extend the piston of the above cylinder?

If you press either S1and S2 the K1 relay will energize to get a signal to K1 branch 3 and to normally
close, then the K2 will energize to get Y1 a signal to extend the piston in the cylinder.

f)Explain, how to retract the above cylinder?

The S4 is the Stop pushbutton, when you press the S4 it will release or unlatch the circuit to lose a signal
in Y1

Practical task1

Title: Operating feeding machine. Objectives:

1Observation

If you press S1 the solenoid Y1 will have a signal and the piston will extend. when the S3 sense the
piston the S3 limit switch will normally close and when you press the S2 pushbutton it will give a signal
to solenoid Y2 to retract the cylinder.

2. Observation

If you press the S1 pushbutton the K1 relay will energize to give a signal to solenoid Y1 and the piston
will extend. when the S3 sense the piston the S3 limit switch will normally close and when you press the
S2 pushbutton it will energize the K2 relay and give a signal to solenoid Y2 to retract the cylinder.
Practical task2
Title: Latching circuit with a limit switch

Objectives

Observation:

It was a latching circuit unlike in the previous module the Stop pushbutton was changed by limit switch
that if the S2 sense the piston the limit switch S2 will normally open to unlatch the circuit.

Practical task3
Title: Conveyor belt with Oscillation motion

Objectives:

Observation

It was a nonstop extend and retract of the piston because when the solenoid Y1 gives a signal the piston
will extend and the S3 will sense to energize the K2 relay to give a signal to solenoid Y2 to retract the
piston and the S2 will sense the piston so that it will start over.

List three types ofsensors.

1. Limit switches

2. Proximity switches

a. Reed switch

b. Inductive proximity switch

c. Capacitive proximity switch

d. Optical proximity switch

3. Pressure switches

Explain the function of a limit switch? Give an industrial application of the

limitsswitch

A limit switch can be used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlock, or
as a counter enumerating objects passing a point. a conveyor belt limit switch can detect belt
misalignment and will protect the belt from damage due to “run-off”. Limit switches provide a necessary
safety component and precautionary measure to dangerous machinery. These switches are widely used
due their durability, simple installation and reliability.
3.Draw the ISO symbol of a limitswitch.