Name: Cindy Novianti Aysiam

Class: PBI 2A

NIM: 1212040027

Vowels
Front Central Back

i: u:
High Tense

ɪ ʊ
Lax

e o
Mid Tense

ɛ: ə (ɔ)
Lax

ʌ
æ a:
Low Lax

❖ Long Sounds
Symbols Example Words
iː 1. Tree /tri:/
2. Green /gri:n/
3. Eat /i:t/
uː 1. Shoe / ʃu:/
2. Food /fu:d/
3. Move /mu:v/
ɑː 1. Arm / ɑːrm/
2. Car /kɑːr/
3. Scar /skɑːr/
ɔː 1. Door /dɔːr/
2. Four /fɔːr/
3. Floor /flɔːr/
ɜː 1. Girl /gɜːrl/
2. Prefer /prɪ’fɜːr/
3. Her /hɜːr/
❖ Short Sounds
Symbols Example Words
ɪ 1. Ship /ʃɪp/
2. Sit /sɪt/
3. Big /bɪg/
ʊ 1. Put /pʊt/
2. Book /bʊk/
3. Look lʊk/
e 1. Men /men/
2. Pen /pen/
3. Ten /ten/
ə 1. Agree /ə’gri:/
2. About /ə’baʊt/
3. America /ə’merɪkə/
Æ 1. Hat /hæt/
2. Cat /cæt/
3. Bat /Bæt/
ʌ 1. But /bʌt/
2. Run /rʌn/
3. Flood /flʌd/
ɒ 1. Hot /hɒt/
2. Not /nɒt/
3. On / ɒn/
 Diphthong
Symbols Example Words
ɪə 1. Here /hɪər/
2. Near /nɪər/
3. Clear /klɪər/
eɪ 1. Say /seɪ/
2. Day /deɪ/
3. Date /deɪt
ʊə 1. Pure /pjʊər/
2. Secure /sɪ’kjʊər/
3. Sure /ʃʊər/
ɔɪ 1. Boy /bɔɪ/
2. Noise /nɔɪz/
3. Toy /tɔɪ/
əʊ 1. So /səʊ/
2. No /nəʊ/
3. Go /gəʊ/
eə 1. Air /eər/
2. Hair /heər/
3. Bear /beər/
aɪ 1. My /maɪ/
2. Wise /waɪz/
3. Try /traɪ/
aʊ 1. How /haʊ/
2. Now /naʊ/
3. Cow /kaʊ/
 Consonant
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glotal

p b t d k g ʔ
(Oral) Stop

m n ŋ
(Nasal) Stop

ɾ
Tap or Flap

tʃ dʒ
Affricate

f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
Fricative

w ɹ j w
Approximant

l
Lateral
approximant

❖ Voiced Consonant
Symbols Example Words
b 1. Bird /bɜːrd/
2. Bag /bæg/
3. Behind /bɪ’haɪnd/
d 1. Do /du:/
2. Damage /’dæmidʒ/
3. Danger /’deɪndʒər/
dʒ 1. Judge /dʒʌdʒ/
2. Gorgeous /’gɔːrdʒəs/
3. General /’dʒenrəl/
g 1. Go /gəʊ/
2. Girl /gɜːrl/
3. Guitar /gɪ’tɑːr/
v 1. Very /’veri/
2. Vote /voʊt/
3. Village /’vɪlɪdʒ/
ð 1. This /ðɪs/
2. That /ðæt/
3. The /ðə/
z 1. Zoo /zu:/
2. Zipper /’zɪpər/
3. Zero /’zɪroʊ/
 ʒ 1. Casual /’kæʒuəl/
2. Pleasure /’pleʒər/
3. Vision /’vɪʒn/
m 1. Milk /mɪlk/
2. Mermaid /’mɜːrmeɪd/
3. Mountain /’maʊntən/
n 1. Number /’nʌmbər/
2. Nation /’neɪʃn/
3. Name /neɪm/
ŋ 1. Sing /sɪŋ/
2. Song /sɔːŋ/
3. Learning /’lɜːrnɪŋ/
l 1. Long /lɔːŋ/
2. List /lɪst/
3. Lose /luːs/
r 1. Ring /rɪŋ/
2. Rainbow /’reɪnboʊ/
3. Race /reɪs/
w 1. Wide /waɪd/
2. Wave /weɪv/
3. Wait /weɪt/
j 1. Yellow /’jeloʊ/
2. Yes /jes/
3. You /ju:/

❖ Voiceless Consonant

Symbols Example Word

P 1. Pet /pet/
2. People /’pi:pl/
3. Pure /pjʊr/
t 1. Teacher /’ti:tʃər/
2. Time /taɪm/
3. Town /taʊn/
tʃ 1. Charge /tʃɑːrdʒ/
2. Chin /tʃɪn/
3. Cheek /tʃiːk/
k 1. Kill /kɪl/
2. Kick /kɪk/
3. Queen /kwiːn/
f 1. Favorite /’fevərɪt/
2. Feature /fi:tʃər/
3. Furniture /’fɜːrnɪtʃər/
Θ 1. Thin /Θɪn/
2. Thick /Θɪk/
3. Think /Θɪŋk/
s 1. Sick /sɪk/
2. City /’sɪti/
3. Sorrow /sɑːroʊ/
ʃ 1. Ship /ʃip/
2. Short /ʃɔːrt/
3. Sugar /’ʃʊgər/
h 1. Habit /’hæbɪt/
2. Hollow /’hɒləʊ/
3. Hezitant /’hezɪtənt/
 Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labioden Dent Alveol Postalve Retrofl Palat Velar Uvula Pharyng Glota
tal al ar olar ex al r eal l

p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k g q ɢ ʔ
plosive

m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
(Nasal)
Stop

ʙ r ʀ
Trill

ɾ ɽ
Tap or
Flap

tʃ dʒ
Affricate

ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Fricative

ɬ ɮ
Lateral
fricative

ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Approxi
mant

w w
l ɭ ʎ ʟ
Lateral
approxi
mant

❖ Bilabial
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive p Paper / ˈpeɪpər /, party / ˈpɑrti/
b Beautiful / ˈbjutəfəl /, busy / ˈbɪzi/
Nasal m Magic /ˈmæʤɪk/, modern / ˈmɑdərn/
Trill ʙ -
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative ɸ -
β Very / βɛɹi/
Lateral fricative

Approximant ʋ Vine /ʋaɪn/

w Warm /wɔrm/, win /wɪn/
Lateral
approximant
 ❖ Labiodental
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive
Nasal ɱ Symphony /’sɪɱfəni/
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative f Feel /fil/, finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/
v Veal /vil/, prove /pruv/
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant

❖ Dental
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive
Nasal
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative θ Thing /θɪŋ/, throat /θroʊt/
ð Those /ðoʊz/, other /ˈʌðər/
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant
 ❖ Alveolar
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive t Take / teɪk/, tomorrow /tə’maroʊ/
d Describe /dɪˈskraɪb/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
Nasal n Nice /naɪs/, need /nid/
Trill r Reason/ˈrizən/, realize /ˈriəˌlaɪz/
Tap or Flap ɾ Better /ˈbɛtəɾ/
Affricate
Fricative s Send /sɛnd/, settle /ˈsɛtəl/
z Zippy /ˈzɪpi/, zero /ˈzɪroʊ/
Lateral fricative ɬ -
ɮ -
Approximant ɹ
Lateral l Light /laɪt/, low /loʊ/
approximant

❖ Postalveolar
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive
Nasal
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate tʃ Chip /ʧɪp/, champion /ˈʧæmpiən/
dʒ Join /ʤɔɪn/, jar /ʤɑr/
Fricative ʃ Shout/ʃaʊt/, splash /splæʃ/
ʒ Genre/ˈʒɑnrə/, vision /ˈvɪʒən/
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant
 ❖ Retroflex
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive ʈ Time / ʈaɪm/ , Town /ʈaʊn/
ɖ Dine / ɖaɪn/
Nasal ɳ -
Trill
Tap or Flap ɽ -
Affricate
Fricative ʂ -
ʐ -
Lateral fricative
Approximant ɻ Red / ɻʷɛd/
Lateral ɭ -
approximant

❖ Palatal
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive C -
ɟ -
Nasal ɲ
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative Ç
ʝ
Lateral fricative
Approximant j Year/jɪr/, yellow /ˈjɛloʊ/
Lateral ʎ
approximant
 ❖ Velar
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive k Computer/kəmˈpjutər/, come /kʌm/
g Goal/goʊl/, growl /graʊl/
Nasal ŋ Sing/sɪŋ/, wing /wɪŋ/
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative X -
ɣ -
Lateral fricative
Approximant ɰ -
w Way /weɪ/ awoke /əˈwoʊk/
Lateral ʟ
approximant

❖ Uvular
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive Q Cut / qʌt/
ɢ -
Nasal ɴ -
Trill ʀ -
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative Χ -
ʁ -
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant
 ❖ Pharyngeal
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive
Nasal
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative ħ Hat / ħæʔt/, Happy / ħæpɪ/
ʕ -
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant

❖ Glotal
Manner symbols Example words
Plosive ʔ Eaten /ˈiʔən/, curtain /ˈkɜrʔən/
Nasal
Trill
Tap or Flap
Affricate
Fricative h History /hɪ̯stəri/, health /hɛlθ/
ɦ Hand / ˈɦɛn̪t/̪ , Behind / bɪˈɦaɪ̯nd/

Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral
approximant