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CHEMCAD and Solids
CHEMCAD and Solids
CHEMCAD and Solids
The process of crystallization, fusion, and melting are too complex to approach with general
rules. For most systems, only an empirical model is accurate. As such, process simulators do
not inherently address solids.
CHEMCAD provides two approaches to dealing with solids. A third approach is recommended
as an analog model that is often used as a workaround
Defined Solids
Select Thermophysical > Solids > Identify Solid Components to define a component as a
solid. The vapor pressure of solid components is ignored for flash calculations. In separation
units, the solid components will always leave with the heavy liquid stream. Heat capacity data
is taken for the solid, if present.
You can select Thermophysical > Solids > Particle Size Distribution to specify the particle
size distribution (PSD) of a solid.
The various solids handling unit operations can be used with defined solids. Several solid
separation UnitOps in CHEMCAD use the PSD for solid separation.
Electrolyte Salts
Using the true species electrolytes model, you can define an electrolyte as a possible
precipitate. The electrolyte model will determine whether the salt precipitates during the flash
calculation of a stream. A precipitated salt follows the same behavior as a defined solid. If you
have solubility data for a salt, it can be regressed into the electrolyte system. The heat of
solution for an electrolyte salt can be regressed into the electrolyte system.
Analog Model
If you have temperature-dependent solubility data for the system of your process, you can
regress temperature vs. solubility data into a kinetic expression. You can create a separate
component as a solid; use a kinetic reactor to change the component to a solid component.
Specifications Tab
1 = Specify number of cells and allowable pressure drop. Calculate filtration time.
2 = Specify filtration time and allowable pressure drop. Calculate number of cells.
Number of cells
Time of filtration
Filtration time is required for mode 0 or 2. Default is 30 minutes. Units are from engineering units
setting.
Pressure drop
Default value is 0.84 (in. H2O) / (centipoise) / (ft./min.). Pressure drop through the cloth is
expressed as:
Dc = Kc * vis * Vf
where
Default value is 0.1 (in. H2O) / (centipoise) / (grains/ft2) / (ft/min). Pressure drop through the
dust layer is expressed as:
Dd = Kd * vis * M s * Vf
where
Cells cleaned
At any given time, a defined number of cells may be out of service for cleaning. This number
is required for both design and rating calculations. Default value = 1.
Bag diameter
Calculated Results
Pressure drop
Efficiency
Floor space
Gas velocity
Calculated gas velocity through active filters, all modes.
Performance table
The baghouse model uses an empirical efficiency model since there is no usable theoretical
model. You can enter a table of collection efficiencies versus particle size on Screen no. 2;
otherwise, the Sylvan chart with the following efficiency data will be used:
Efficiency
Particle Size (microns)
0.3 0.50
0.45 0.60
1.0 0.75
1.5 0.80
3.5 0.90
7.5 0.95
11.0 0.97
24.0 0.99
Topology
A BAGH unit has one inlet and two outlets. Cleaned gas exits in the first outlet. Collected dust
exits in the second outlet.
Methods
The method involves summing the pressure drops through the cloth (Dc) and the dust (Dd)
according to the following equation:
Dp = Dc + Dd
Given the required input flow and its calculated viscosity, you can specify two of the three
variables: pressure drop (Dp), number of cells, or filtration time. Cell and bag geometry will
convert flow rate into velocity for use in the pressure drop equations. Specific resistance
parameters (Kc and Kd) are usually part of the users' and vendors' art and experience, but
Perry's Handbook can provide some guidance.