THE LA T I N P R A Y E R B O O K

OF C H A R LE S I I

an account of the iLitut gta of Dean E ut el,

TO G E T H E R W I TH A

R E P R I NT A ND T R A NS LA TI O N

OF T H E

C A T E C H IS M
TH E RE IN C ON TA INE D, WI TH C OL LA TI ONS, A NN O TA TIONS ,

A ND A PPE NDI CE S .

C H A R LE S MA R S H A L L MA , . .
,

Cha flla i u t o t he L o r d Mya or q orzd on , 1 84 9—5 0 ;

A ND
L

W IL L I A M W . MA R S H A L L , B A
. .
,

L a t e S c ho la r q/ H ar tf or d Colleg e, Oxfor d ; a nd
of t he I n n e r Te mp le .

QDxEocu

J A ME S T H O R NTO N, H IG H STR E E T .
 I
P U BL SH E D BY

J AME S TH ORNTON , O X F O RD .

IIIAR SH A LL , A ND C 0 .
 TO T H E

fi ery la wm an arthur lp mrbp n @tenley D EB , ,

DE A N 0F IVE S TMINS TE R

DE A N O F T H E OR DE R O F T H E B A T H ; DE P U T C LE R K O F T H E Y
Y
Q U E E N S C LO SE T . C H A PE L R O A L, ST J A ME S S ; H O NO R A R C H A PLA N IN
'

.
'

Y I
I
O R D NA R Y TO H E R MAJ E ST Y T H E Q U E E N ; C H A PLA N TO I
H R H
. . . TH E I
PR NC E O F W ALE S , E TC .
. E TC .

N hu m b l y p re s e n t i n g th i s w o r k h a n d s a ll o w u s t o e x p l a i n
t o yo u r ,

th a t t he ori gi n of o u r s el e ct i o n for i ts d e d i ca t i on o f on e o ccu p y i n g

, ,

s o n o ta b l e a
p os i t i o n i n the C hu r ch o f E n gl a n d as y o u r s e l f i s i n the
i n t er es t i n g h i s t or i ca l fa ct th a t th e C on v o c a t i on o f Ca n t erb u r y c om
,

m i tte d t o t wo o f y o u r i l l u s t r i o u s p r e d e c e s s or s i n t he Dea n er y o f
We s tm i n s t er B i s h op E a r l e a n d Ar ch b i s h op Do lbe n ( wi th o th e rs ) the
, ,

t ra n s l a t i o n o f the R ev i s e d Li tu rgy o f 1 6 6 1 i n t o the La t i n l a n gu a ge .

More ov er o u r ch oi c e i s c on fi rm e d b y p u b l i c r ep ut e t o the e ffe ct th a t

th an y o u rs e l f n o o n e m or e i n t e l l i ge n t l y a p p r ec i a t es the e xc e ll e n cy a n d
t he r e a s on ab l e n e s s of t he C h r i s t i a n R e l i gi o n c o n s i d er e d i n i t s e l f a n d ,

i n i ts Di v i n e d e s ign for the grea t p u rp os es o f b r i n gi n g m en o ff fr o m

t he l o v e o f s i n t o the l o v e o f G o d ; n o o n e m or e h i ghly v a lu e s t he
Pr o t e s ta n t p r i n c i p l es v i z th a t i n i n v e s t i ga t i n g the C h r i s t i a n R e l i gi o n
,
.
,

t he j u d gm e n t o f s e n s e a n d r e as o n i s n o t t o b e r e n o u n c e d a n d th a t ,

m e n a r e n o t e qu a ll y b o u n d t o b e l i e v e t he gr ea t es t r e p u gn a n c e s t o
s en s e a n d r ea s o n w i t h the m os t F u n d a m e n t a l V e r i t i es o f the
C h r i s t i a n F a i th a n d n o o n e i s m o re d eep ly s e n s i b l e o f the d i s a s t r ou s
c o n s e qu e n c es o f m a rri n g the b ea uty o f the m o s t e xc e l l e n t r e l i gi o n i n
t he w o rl d b y sa c e r d o ta l e rr ors a n d Su p e rs t i t i o n s ; th es e c on s e qu e n c es
b e i n g t he d i s c o u rage m e n t o f the fa i th o f th os e who h on o u r the
C h ri s t ia n R e l i gi o n 1n i t s p r i m i t i v e p u r i t y a n d a p o s t o l i ca l s i m p l i c i ty ,

a nd the h i n d ra n c e o f th os e who a r e o fle n d e d b y a c orr u p t e d

'

C h r i s t i a n i ty fr om b e l i e f i n a n y R e l i gi o n
,
Ma y the va ri o u s t a l en t s
.

w i t h wh i ch G o d ha s e n t r u s t e d you b e l on g e m p l o y e d i n d e fe n c e
a n d fu r th e ra n c e of p u r e a n d u n d e fi le d R e l i gi o n .

Yo u r fa i thfu l s e r v a n t s ,

C H A S MAR SH ALL M A .
, . .

\VM W MA R SH A LL B A . .
,
.

[S i n ce ou r wor k wa s fi lza n d s , the D ea n lza s p as s ed

’
rst
p la ced i n ti le P u bli s her s
51s Dea ica t zon , exp r es s ed
'
’ ’
to I n: r es t
. B u t an r em embr a n ce of lz zs é z n a accep ta n c e of t/
,

m a let ter cf f eb 1 8t/ .

f
1 o fi ns y ea r we feel u n a ble to elza n ge or wzt/zd m w z t .

We t her ef or e lea ve the Dec/n a t i on 1n zts or zgn n a l f or m , me r ely a ct/d an g #1 25 n ot e

t o a ccou n t f or i t s app ea r a n ce, a n d to s zgn zfy ou r d eep r eg r et a t 12 2 : la m en te d
'
 PR E F A C E .

R E F A C E S, an d p a s s a ges , a n d e x c u s a ti on s , a n d o th e r s p ee ch es
o f r e fe r e n ce to t he p er s on , w ri t e s B acon , “
a re gr ea t was t e s
of ti me an d th o u gh th ey s eem t o p r o c ee d of m o d e s ty , th e y a re

b ra v er y . We s h a ll en d ea v ou r th e r efor e t o s e t for th t he p u rp os e an d

s c op e o f ou r w o rk i n t he b r i e fe s t l an gu age .

We h a v e b e e n le d t o the p re s e n t u n d er t a k i n g b y a d e s i r e to a tt ra ct
m or e a tt en t i o n t o the La t i n Pra y e r B oo k o f 1 6 7 0, an d we d es i r e d

th i s for t wo r eas on s . F i rs t l y , on a cc o u n t o f t he r em a r ka bl e s c ar c i ty
of t he B o o k i ts el f ; v
e en i n man y no a b e t l Lib r a r i e s , i n c l u d i n g th o s e
of Tr i n i ty C o ll .
, C a mb .
, of Wes t m i n s t er Ab b e y , of E x e t er, E ly,

C a rl i s l e, B a n go r, an d o th er c a th e d ra l s , of C he tha m C o l l ege, Ma n
ch es te r , an d o f Al th orp e H o u s e, e tc .
,
we are i n for me d th a t no c op y

i s t o b e fo u n d Se c on d l y , b e c a u s e Dur el s Lztn rgza

' '
’
. s h o w s wh a t t he

R e v i s e rs u n d er s t o od to b e m ea n t b y the w or d s wh i ch th e y r e a i n ed
t
an d the w or d s wh i ch th e y i n s er te d it s h ow s t he th o u gh t o f t he tim e
as e x p re s s ed b y a c o n t e m p or a r y an d an a uth or i z e d e x p o n e n t .

Ou r w or k w i ll we ,
an t i c i p a te , b e a cc ep te d b y E v a n ge l i c a l s at l arge ,

on a cc o u n t of the Pro t e s ta n t i s m of Durel s Tra n s l a t i o n

’
an d i ts
a cc or d a n c e w i th t he th eo l ogi c a l op i n io n s of l
t he E n g i s h Re fo r m ers

an d of t he l ead i n g E n gl i s h d i v i n e s for n e ar ly a c e n tu ry a f ert the

 iii P R E F A CE .

Re fo rma i o n , t an d wit h the u n i v ersa ll y r e ei c v ed d i v i n i ty o f C hu r ch m e n

t h rough out the reign s o f E l i z a be th an d J am es
a n d b e c a u s e De a n
;

u l
D t e s i mp l y t rod the o ld p a t h s i n wh i ch t h e R e fo rm e r s a n d th e i r

i mmed i a t e s ucc es s ors wal k ed .

No r we r s
t,
u t w i ll t h is ,
v ol u m e p r o v e u n a cc e p t a b l e t o th e s ea r ch e r

t t u t h h k f h H i h C hu ch ty F o r Dur e l was
af er r in t e ra n s o t e g r p ar .

:1 Ca roli n e Divi n e ,
and Dr Pu s ey, the c on fes s ed ch am p i on
.
o f c on

s e rva t i ve Ca th o l ic i ty, has s a ed

t t tha t t he ti m es of t he C ar o l i n e

d iv i n es form the go l d en p er io d of E n gl i s h Th e ol ogy .

In t he t
n o es on t he Ca t ech i s m, no p a in s h a v e be e n s p a re d to

mak e the qu o ta t ion s a ccu ra te an d p re cis e i n,

ord e r th a t th e y m a y
p ro e o f ser
v v ic e for p u rp oses b ot h of s tu d y and f
r e er e n ce . Th e y

co n ta i n Ca t e ch i s m Q u een E l i z ab e th s La ti n V ers i o n w i th
’
all t he of ,

t he ch ie f d i ffere n c es o f the t ra n s la tor s p red e c es s or Ale s s a n d o f hi s

’
,

s ucces s or Wh i ta k er ; all the Ca t ech i s m of Va u tr o lli er , as t he r e p r e

se n ta ti v e of t he th ree u na u t h oriz ed E l iz a b eth a n Pra y er B oo k s

t l ly ( exce p t on e p as sa ge) all the Sm all Ca t e ch i s m o f Dea n

p rac i ca
No we ll wh i ch i s es p e ci al ly i mp or ta n t a s the i mme d i a t e for er u n n er o f
,

th a t of 1 6 04 ; togeth er wi t h fre qu en t qu o ta t i on s from No w e ll s La rge ’

an d Mi d d l e Cat ech i s ms an d from the We l s h Pra y er B o o k o f 1 6 6

, 4 ,

the Gre e k Pra ye r B oo k s o f Wh it ak er, Pe tley, an d Du p or t, t he La t i n

vers ion s of Pars e ll a n d of H ar w ood , an d the mod em La ti n Pr a y e r
‘

B oo k s of Pa rk er , B a gs te r, an d Mes srs . B right an d Med d .

The tran s l a t i on of t he Ca t e ch i s m p u r port s to b e l i tera l

as as t he
E ngl i s h will ad mi t an d a ll w o rd s n o t r e re s e n e d t i n t he l
,
p o ri gi n a a re

i n b ra ck ets , wi th the xc e p t ion e o f the i n d efi n it e t i cl e c tu ra l

ar . In s ri p

qu t
o a t i ons the forms tho u ,
”
th ee ,
”
an d
“
thy ar e re ta i n ed ; e l s e
”

wh e re t he w o rd s an d
“
y ou r
You are s u b s t i tut ed a s mo r e i n
,

ord a n e
a
cc c w i t h mod e rn u s age . In the C a te ch i s m of ou r E n gl i s h
Prayer B ook t he t wo ar e co n fu s ed .
 P R E F A CE . ix

In c on c l u s i o n we m u s t e x p r es s
, our gr ea t ob l i ga t i on s to the R e v .

Sy d n e y T h e l wa ll , B A . .
,
V i ca r of We s t Le i gh , wh o s e as s i s a n
t ce ha s

b e en o f th e h igh e s t v a l u e i n t he p r ep a r a t i on o f o ur n o t e s , a n d es p e

c i a lly w i th re
g d
ar t o the c oll a t i on of Du p or t an d of B a gs ter t o t he

R ev .
J H a r ri so n D D V i car o f
.
, . .
, F e n w i ck , who has gi v e n us p er
m i s s i o n t o u s e a p or t i on o f o n e o f hi s v er y i m p o r ta n t w or k s t o t he

R e v Dr. . Os b orn , Pr e s i d e n t of the W e s l e y a n Co n fere n c e who ,

ha s

gi v e n us v a l u a b l e i n form a t i o n i n r e fe r e n ce t o the Le tt e r s of Or d ers

of J o h n We s l e y ; t o t he R e v . R K . . B a t e s on , B D , . .
Q u ee n s C o l l
’
.
,

Ca m b i n wh os e Li b r ar y i s Du r e l s Lztn rgza d a t e d 1 68 5 t o
’ '
’
.
, a c op y of ,

wh i ch we h a v e ha d a cc e s s ; to t he R e v .
J . O . B r oo k , I n cu m b e n t of

Wor th i n gt o n who , l en t us a c op y of the s a m e d a t e ; to t he R ev H . .

Parr y , B A . .
, V i ca r of L l a n v a ir i s ga er- -
,
Di o c es a n I n s p e ct or of Sch o o l s ,

t he R ev . W . G la n tf ry d T h o m as , V i ca r C h or a l of St A s a p h
.
’
s Ca th e d r a l ,

t he R e v .
J . Pryc e , MA . .
,
R e ct or of Tr e fd ra e th , an d t he R e v T .
J. .

J on es ,
B A . .
, V i ca r of Ll a n v a i r C a e r e i n i o n , who h a v e gi v e n us m u ch

i n fo r m a t i on ab o u t We l s h Pra y er B o ok s and o t h er m a tt e rs c o n n e ct e d
w i th t he Pr i n c i p a l i ty ; and to a ll o th er s who h a v e a id ed us wi t h
th e i r k n o w l e d ge j u d gm en t , , or r es e ar ch .

Sh o u l d ou r w or k t e n d i n s om e s ma l l d egree t o t he so l ut i on of

t he qu e s ti o n p ro
po u nd ed l o n g ago b y Pi l a t e Wna t i s tr n t/z - we
s h a ll r es t c on t e n t ; for ou r l ab o u r w i l l n o t h a ve b e e n i n v a i n .
 C O NT E NT S .

PA R T I .

H I S TOR I CA L .

C H APTE R 1 .

I
L F E O F DE AN DU R E L

CH APTE R II .

I
H STOR Y OF TH E LAT NI T R ANSLATION OF TH E RE VI SE D
PR AYE R B OO K

C H A PTE R I I I .

AU TH OR ITY O F DE AN DU R E L S LAT N PR A E R
’
I Y B OO K

A PPE NDIX A .
—
A N ACCO U NT O F DU R E L S OR D NAT ON
’
I I
A PPE NDI X B .
-
0N TH E A U TH O R Z E DI V E R S I ON OF TH E

I
B B LE

PA R T II .

CR I TI CA L A N D E X E GE T/CA L .

C H APT E R I .

E DITIONS O F TH E
“
I
L TU R G A I A ND OTH E R VE R S I ONS
C H A PTE R I I .

ME AN I NG O F T H E TE R M
“
PR E ST I ”
 CON TE N TS .

C H APTE R I I I .

NI
MEAN G O F T H E E X PR ES S O N I “
AL MS A ND O B LAT O NS I
APPE ND IX C .
- CO P Y OF A B R EF I
ADDE NDA

PAR T III .

TH E CA CH I S /n .

I
R E PR NT, T R ANS LAT O N, I AND ANNOTAT ONS I
APPE ND IX D- . I
AR C H B S HO P LE G HTON S C AT EC H S MI ’
I
A PP E NDIx E —
ON DR . V
O E R ALL S
’
I I
OP N ON OF THE

’
LO R D S S U PPE R

APP E ND IX P .
—
ON AU GU ST NE S I ’
U SE OF TH E W ORD

SAC R AMENT
“ ”

Ap p E NDIx G .
—
Y I
AN AL T C AL TAB LE OF T H E S AC R AME NT S 1 94

APPE ND IX H .
—
ON TH E U SE OF THE V
AD E R B
“
G E NE R

ALL Y AND COGNAT E WO R DS

APPE ND IX I .
—
ON
“
G ENE R ALL Y N EC ESSAR Y

. 0. . 0. C O . . 0 .
 PAR T I .

H I STOR I CA L .
 C H A PTE R 1 .

LI F E OF DE AN B U RE L .

The l ov e whi ch a ki n g o w e th to a w ea l pub l i c Shou l d n ot b e r es t ra i n ed to a n y

o n e p a r t i c u la r 3 y et t ha t hi s m o r e S p ec i a l fa v ou r d o r e flec t u po n s o m e w o r t hy on es

i s s o m e wha t n eces sa ry b e ca us e t her e a re fe w o f t ha t c a p a ci ty

”
, B ACO N .
—
.

O H N B U R E L, the futu re t ra n s l a t or o f the Pra y er B oo k was

J
,

b orn a t St H e l i e r i n J e rs e y
. H e e n t er e d Mer to n
.

C ol l ege Oxfo r d i n 1 6 4 0 a t t he a ge o f fi ft e e n a n d
, , , Big? ,

re s i d e d i n St Al b a n s H a ll a d j o i n i n g In 1 6 4 2 wh e n
’
.
.
,

Oxfo rd wa s garr i s o n e d for the k i n g he r e t i r ed t o F r an c e a n d t wo

, ,

y ea r s l a t er t ook hi s d egr ee o f Ma s t er o f Ar t s i n the

R es i d e n c e
Sy lva n i a n C o ll ege a t C a en i n Nor m a n d y ; s u b s e qu e n t l y
i n F ran ce
he s tu d i e d th eol ogy a t Sa u m u r u n d er Mos e s Am yral
.

d us . H a v i n g r e tu rn ed t o hi s n a t i v e p l a c e he was e x p e ll e d th e n c e
,

t oge th er w i th hi s c o u n t r y ma n , M 1e Cout e u r H e th e n p ro ce ed ed
. .

t o Par i s wh er e he r e c ei v e d e p i s c o p a l o r d i n a t i o n
, a b o ut t he y e a r ,

I 6 5 1 fr om t he B i s h op o f G a ll o w a y
,
i n the ch a p e l o f Si r
,

R i ch a r d B ro wn e hi s m aj e s ty s r e s i d e n t i n F ra n c e
’
,
Soon .

a ft e r th i s he r e s i d e d a t St Ma l o a n d re c ei v ed t wo i n
.

v i tat i o n s
,
n e i th e r o f wh i ch he wa s a b l e t o a cc e p t The fi r s t wa s .

fr o m t he m em b ers o f t he R e fo r m e d C hu r ch a t C a en who w i s h e d ,

hi m t o b e c om e o n e o f th e i r m i n i s t ers ; t he s e c o n d fr o m t he l a n d

gr a v e o f H es s e , who on the r e c o mm e n d a t i o n o f t he m i n i s t e r s o f
,

Pa r i s as k e d hi m i n k i n d l y t erm s t o p r o c ee d t o hi s h igh n e s s s c ou r t
,
’
,

Se e Ap p e n d i x A for a n a c cou n t o f t hi s o r d i n a t i on .
 H 15 7 OR ] CA L
‘

an d p r e a ch t h e re l a n gu age H e b e ca me h o w e v e r
i n the F re n ch .
, ,

ch a p l ai n to the Duk e d e la F or c e fa th e r o f t he Pri n c es s o f Tu re i n

,
.

We n e xt h ear o f Dure l i n c on n e c t i o n w i t h t he F r e n ch C h a p e l
o f t he Sa v oy A b r i e f a cc o u n t o f t he o ri gIn o f th a t
.

83 36?
T
a p e l i s n e c es s a ry t o e s t i ma t e t he i m p o rt a n c e o f h i s
" ch

c o n n e ct io n w i th i t Ab o ut the y ea r 1 6 4 2 t he Duk e o f
.
,

Sou b i z e fi n d i n g i t tr o u bl e s om e th r o u gh hi s i n fi rm i ti e s t o go t o
, ,

t he Wa ll o on Chu rch i n t he c i ty fro m hi s r es i d en c e wh i ch wa s ,

n ear t he c o u r t a t Wh i t e h a l l ha d a F r e n ch s er mo n p r e a ch e d be fo r e
,

hi m i n hi s h ou s e e v ery Su n d a y T h i s p r ov e d s o c o n v e n i e n t for t he
.

F r en ch res i d i n g i n th a t n eigh b o u r h ood th a t a t hi s d ea th a F r e n ch

chu rch was se t u p n ea r the St ran d The c i t y ch u r ch fe l t m uch .

a ggr i ev e d a t th i s a n d u on the k i n t t i d d d h i m
’
,p g s r e s o ra o n a r e s s e t o

a p e t i t i o n th a t t he F re n ch c o n r e a t i o n a t Wes t m i n s t e r m i h t b e
g g g
fo rb i d d en to as s e mb l e The l a tt e r p r es e n t e d a p e t i t i o n o n th e i r
.

p a rt to the c o n t ra ry e ffe ct In r ep l y t o th e s e m em or i a l s the k i n g

.
,

b rok e u p the c on grega t i on a t Wes t m i n s t er b u t s et u a n ew chu r ch

p ,

u n d er the i mmed i a t e j u ri s d i ct i on o f the B i s h op o f Lon d o n ,

wh e re i n d iv i n e s erv i c e s h o u l d b e p er fo r med i n F r e n ch
“

a cc o rd i n
g to t he b oo k o f c o m mon p ra y e r b y la w e s
ta bli s hed hi s ma j es ty p rov i d i n g o n e m i n i s t e r
, e tc B y v i r tu e “
, .

o f t he sa i d ra n t the l i tu r y o f the ch u r ch o f E n l a n d wa s fi rs t
g g g
r ead i n F r e n ch i n the F r ch a t Wes t m as s em b l e d b y the k i n g s
. . .
’

s pe cial fa vo u r i n t he ch ap e l o f the Sa v o y i n t he
Dure l p
t t l St ra n d o n Su n d a y 1 4 July 1 6 6 1 , a n d t he s a m e d a
opg oeg g In the m ,
y
o rn i n g ou r a u th o r Du r el w ch
( h o h a d t he ief
h an d i n s e tt i n g u p t h i s chu rch a cc o rd i n g t o th i s n ew m o d el ) d i d
r ea ch a n d i n the a ft e rn oon Le
I{ i s F r en c h p , C ou t e u r th e n d ean o f ,

In t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r 1 6 6 2 Du re l s F r e n ch
”
J e rse y .
I
, ,
’

t ra n s l a t i on of t he Pray e r B ook of wh i ch we s h a ll h a v e ,

oc ca s i o n t o s e a k m o re fu ll y
p h erea ft e r r e c ei v e d t he s a n ct i o n o f a
,

roya l o rd i n a n c e .

The n e x t y ea r s a w t he c o mm e n c e me n t o t
a s e r i es o f ro mo t i o n s p
U
Se c Woo d 5
I.
At he n a: O x o m c n s cs ( e d i te d l
by B is s ) v ol iv c ol 88 Lo n d on ,
,
1 82 0
. . . .
.
 L IF E OF B U RE L .
3

and h o n ou rs wh i ch w ere s h o w er ed w i th n o s p a ri n g h an d u p on B u r el .

H e wa s by th i s t i m e ch ap l a i n i n o r d In a ry t o C h a r l es Du r e l ,

t he Se c o n d a n d wa s a p p o i n t e d p r e b e n d ar y o f No r th c h l p la i n t O
C lia r le s II
,

Au lton i n t he chu r ch o f Sa l i s b u r y In the F e b r u a r y .

fo l l o w i n g ( 1 6 6 4 ) he wa s m a d e p r eb e n d a r y o f Wi n d s o r Preb e n d a ry ,

a n d a l s o a b o u t th a t t i m e o f Du r h a m a n d ha d a r i ch ,

d o n a t i v e c o n fe rr e d u p on hi m A t t he c l o s e o f 1 6 6 9 h e
. an d

Du rha m
wa s m a d e Do ct or o f Di v i n i ty a s a m e m b er o f Mer t on
“

C o ll ege b y v i r tu e of the ch a n c e ll or s l e tt er s r ea d i n a
’

,
“
De gr ee
Of D D
fu ll c o n v o ca t i on ”
I t i s i n t er es t i n g t o n o t e t he h i gh
' ‘

o p i n i o n e n t e rt a i n e d w i th r e ga r d t o hi m b y t he ch a n c e ll or We ar e .

i n for m e d s a y s Wo o d th a t
, ,
hi s fa m e wa s s o w e ll k n o w n t o th e m
“

a l ly fo r t he gr e a t p a i n s he ha d
( t h e a ca d e m i an s
) e s p e c i
C ha n c e ll o r s
’

t a k en i n t he chu r ch th a t he c o ul d h a r d l y p r o p o s e an y
, l e tt e r .

t h i n g t o th e m i n hi s b e ha l f i n wh i ch th e y w o u l d n o t b e
,

w i l l i n g t o p r e v en t hi m 1
a n d fu r th e r o f hi s p a r t s a n d le a r n i n g th e y ,
“

w er e b e tt e r j u d ges th a n h i m s e l f b u t ha d n o t s o m u ch e x p eri e n c e o f
,

hi s l o y a l ty fi d e l i ty a n d s e rv i c e t o hi s m aj e s ty a s h i m s e l f e t c
”
,
In ,
.

I 6 7 7 h e wa s b y ro y a l a uth o ri ty m a d e Dea n o f W i n d s o r
, ,
D ea n o f .

a n d o f W o l v er h a m p t o n a n d wa s a l s o p r e s e n t e d t o t he
,
W i n d s or .

v a l u a b l e l i v i n g o f Wi t n e y p ar tly th r o u gh t he i n flu e n c e O f B en e fi ce
,

W i t n ey
,

t he k i n g O n the n i n th o f No v e m b er i n t he s a m e y ea r
‘

.
,

a s we fi n d i n the As h m o l ea n MSS Dr Du r e l wa s s wor n R egi s t rar o f

.
,
.

t he G a r t e r H e d i e d o n t he 8 th o f Ju n e 1 6 83
. H ad , .

he l i v e d Woo d th in k s he w o u l d c e r t a i n ly h a v e b ee n
,

p r o m o t e d t o a b i s h op r i c .

In r el i gi o u s p ri n c i p l es Du r el wa s wh a t i s c a ll e d a go od C hu r ch
man ,
”
w i t h h a rd l y m or e s y m p a thy fo r Di s s e n t th a n fo r
H i s r e l igi o u s
Pa p a cy O n t he o n e h a n d we h a v e the t e s t i m on y ( qu o t e d
.
v i e ws .

b y Wo o d ) o f F a th er Si m on p ri es t o f the c o n gr ega t i o n o f
,

t h e ora t or y who c a l l s hi m
,
a l ea rn e d E n gl i s h Pr o t e s t a n t
“
an d ,

hi s w o r k s a m p ly p r o v e hi s c l a i m to th a t t i tl e O n t he o th e r he .
,

F or t hi s u s e of t he w or d p v re ent (p r a e -v e n i o, “
to g o b e fo re ,
"
a n t ic ip a t e cf . Pr e v ent

us, 0 Lo rd , i n a ll ou r d o i n gs , wi t h t hy m os t gr a c i ou s fa v ou r ,
”
i n t he Comm u n i on Se rv i c e .

2
 H IS TORICA L .

was i n no way a Pu r i ta n i n hi s v i e ws . W i th re eren

f c e to C h ar l es

Mr wri t es i n his H i s t or y of t he E n g i s h l
“
. G re e n
Peo p l e h ear t wh e t h e r the s to r y o f hi s re n u n c i
“
In ,

Pu ri mn '

a t i o n o f Pr o t e s ta n t i s m d u ri n g hi s e x i l e b e t r u e o r n o ,

he ha d l on g c eas e d to be a P r o t t t
e s a n W h a t e v e r r e l i gi o u s fee li n g .

he had was on t he Si d e of C ath ol i c i s m ; he en c o u raged c o n

v ers io n s amo n g h i s co u r i e r s , a n d t he as t a ct t l of hi s l i fe wa s t o
t h R m a n C hu r ch I f th i s be s o ”

s ee k form a l
a d m i s s i o n i n o t e o .
,

h l
C ar e s 11 w o u l d
.
n o t b e t h e p r i n c e t o h a v e a P u ri ta n for hi s

ch a p la i n an d tr u s t ed fa v o u ri t e Nor w o u l d a rep ut e d Pu r i tan be .

r ec e i vi n g an i m p o rt a n t c o m m i s s i o n l i k e th a t fo r t h e tr a n s l a ti o n ,
o f t h e

u
Li t rg i n oy t F r e n ch o n l y t w o m ,
o n th s a f t e r th a t m e m o r a b l e St B a r .

t holo me w s D y a
'
wh e n ,
n ea r l y t w o th o u
“
s a n d r e ct o rs a n d v i c a rs o r ,

a bo ut a fi ft h o f t h e E n g l i s h c l e r g y w e r e d r i v e n f r o m th e i r p a r
,
i s h e s as

N o n c o n fo r m is ts
”
W e .s e e f
2
r o m th i s t h a t h e w as wh a t i n th os e d a ys

was co n s i d ere d a H igh C hu rch ma n If m ore e vi d en c e i n s u p p or t o f .

th i s i s n eed e d we h a v e the t es t i mo n y of his s erm o n

,
“
The ,

Li t u rgy o f the Chu rch o f E n gl a n d a s s er t e d ( 166 1

”

wh i ch was p rea ch ed i n F re n ch o n the 1 4 th o f J u l y 1 6 6 1 , ,

the occas i on o f t he o p e n i n g o f t he Sa v o y ch a p el a n d i n wh i ch he ,

v i n d i ca t es ma n y th i n gs i n the n e wl y re v i s ed l i tu rgy wh i ch ha d be en
cen s ur ed b y the No n c on form i s ts ; a n d a ga i n of hi s m or e e l a b o ra t e
w o rk , San c tae E cc l e s iae An gli ca n ze a d v e rs u s i n i q u a s a t qu e i n v e r e
“

Sc hi s m a ti c o ru m Cri m i n at i on e s Vi n d i c i ae ,
”
c u n d as e tc .
( Lo n d on ,

t he r e p ly to wh i ch wa s en t i tl e d i n , the re
p ri n t of 167 6, The No n
c o n form i s ts v i n d i ca t e d u p o n th e m b y Mr Du re l
fro m the ab u s es p ut .

a n d Mr Sc r i v n e r H e i s d e s c r i b e d b y Wo o d a s t he
“
. .

j u d i c i ou s an d la bo ri ou s a d v o ca t e for t he C hu r ch o f E n g
la n d bo t h i n w ord an d d eed ”
3 a n d we m u s t r e m e m be r

th t
a W oo d s t es t i mon y is th a t of a c o te m p orary
’
“
H e was
”
says .
,

t he sa m e a u t h ori t y a p ers on of u n b as s e d an d fix e d r in c i l e s u n
y ,
p p ,

ta i n t ed an d s tea d y l oy a lty as co n s ta n t ly a d h er i n g t o t he s i n k i n g ,

“
y
H i s to r of t he E n g is h Peo p e " B y John R i cha rd Gre e n , M A
l l H on or ar y Fe ll w
o of
J
. . .
,
.

l
es u s Co l ege O xfor d Vol i i i p 3 44 Lo n d on , 1 8 7 9
, . . . . . .

lbi d p 3 6 1
. . .
3 F u l l, v ol i i co l 3 1 7 E d 1 82 0
"
. . . . . .
6 H IS TOR IC/1

h all the 6 th o f Oct obe r 1 6 6 2

,
The n e c es s a ry t es t i m o n i a l fro m the
, .

h
B is o p s ch ’
ap l a i n i s a pp e n d e d i n L a t i n o n t h e s a m e p a
ge I h a v e

u
p e r se d
th i s F r e n ch V e r s i o n o f t h e E n
g l i s h L i tu r gy b y M r J oh n .

Durel a n d ce r t i fy th a t I h a v e fou n d i t i n a cc or d an c e w i th t he E n g
,

l i s h Ori gi n a l t h rou gh out Geor Stra d l i n g S T P d om es t i c C h a p

. .
,
. . .

l a in to the Re v ere n d F a th er i n Ch r is t Gi l b ert B i s h op o f Lon d on ” 1

.

Th i s i s d a t ed Ap r i l the 6 th 1 6 6 3 The t i tl e o f t he b o o k
Its Ti t l e
.
,

LA LI T U R G I E C es t a d i r e Le fo rm u l a i r e d e s
’
is .
,

Pri eres Pu bl i qu es d e l Ad m i n i s t ra ti o n d e s Sa c r e m e n s E t ti es a u tr es
’
, ,

C E R EMONI E S é s elon l u s age cle l E gli s e A n gl i

’ ’ ’
Cont ra /res a e
"

ca n e AV E C LE PS EA U TIE R o u les Ps e a u me s d e Da v i d P on t u ez s elon

, ,

qu i /
’
s d ozven t
'

es t r e, on c/
za n tez , on Z en s d a n s les E G L I SE S .
’

Th e r e a re t wo th i n gs wh i ch t i c e d w i th r ega rd t o
r emai n to be no

t h is F ren ch Pra y er B ook F irs t the fa ct th a t the Si gn a tu r e of th i s

.
,

C l e ri Dio ec e s La n d a v e n s i s Pro cu ra t or
”
s a me G eor e St ra d l i n
g g , . ,

o ccu rs a m o n
g the n a m es of t h o s e who a tt es t e d t he u n an i m o u s c o n
s e n t o f the Low er H o u s e o f Co n v o ca t i o n t o t he a l t e ra t i o n s i n t he

E n gl i s h Pra y e r B ook Se c o n d l y t he d a t es a r e i m p o r ta n t
.
,

t he r e v i s e d E n gl i s h Pra y er B o o k wa s a r o v e d b y t he
pp
k i n g i n c ou n c i l o n F e bru ar y the a 4 th 1 6 6 2 The k i n g s ,
.
’

man d a t e fo r t he F re n ch v er s i o n was i ven o n Oc t o b e r the 6 th o f t he

g
s a m e y ea r a n d t he b o o k b e a n a ctu a l l
, g y to b e u se d i n t he Sa v o y
ch a p e l b e for e t he cl os e of the y ear The s h or t n es s o f t he t i m e i n t e r .

v e n in
g b e t w e e n t he p u b l i c a t i o n of th e s e t wo v e rs i o n s m igh t a l o n e
l ead u s to e x p e ct t h a t Dur el was n o t a b l e to d e v o t e th a t c a r e a n d
s
t u d y to his F re n ch t ra n s la t i on wh i ch he d i d gi v e to hi s l a t e r La t i n v e r
s i o n a n d w oul d d o b
, u tl es s ch ee rfu l ly h a v e b es to we d u p o n the F r e n ch
Li t u rgy a l s o i f the u r e n cy o f the c a s e ha d n o t d e m a n d ed a n e xt r em e
g ,

ra i d i
p t y o f execu t io n Th i s ex p e cta ti on i s u n fortu n a t el y s om e wh a t
.

j u s ti fi ed In p ar ts the n ew v ers i on i s carefu l a n d e x a ct b ut i n o th e r

,

parts It is hard l y more t h an a rep r i n t o f a form er v ers i on e n t i tl e d

,

See Ap p end ix D
o o .

o
py yw
a
The Imp r i n t of the
P
co In t he B od le ra n Lib ra r
n

hi c h we ha e i n s e c t ed i s , A LO NDRESv p
S cot t . e n d c he z Geo We lls
se v S a m Ca r r d a ns le C y m i t i e rc d e St P a u l
.
. .
 LIF E OF D U R E L .

LA L I TU R G I E ANGLOIS E . OU LE L IV R E I
DE S PR E R E S PU B L Q U E S , I
d e l Ad m i n i s t ra t i o n d e s Sa c re m e n s , ut r e s Or d re s
’
a
E a rl ie r
C e r e m o n Ie s d e l E glIs e d A n gle t e rr e
’
No u v e ll e m e n t v e rs i o n
’
.

ar t l y c o p i e d
,

t ra d u It e n F ra n co IS p a r l Or d o n n a n c e d e s a Maj e s t é d e
1 p
b y Du r e l .

”
T h i s r e t e n t i o n o f t he w o r d s o f
'

la G r a n d e B r eta zgn e .
I

t he ea r l i e r v e r s i o n we rega r d a s v e r y u n fortu n a t e i n s o m uch a s s uch ,

r t i o n s o f th e b oo k c a n n o t fu rn i s h u s w i th s o c o n c l u s i v e a p r oo f o f
p o

t he v i e w s h e l d a t t he t i m e o f t he l as t r e v i s i o n O f t he E n gl i s h B o o k

a s we s h o u l d h a v e d e r i v e d fro m a n en t i r e l y n e w t ra n s l a t i o n An .

e x a m p l e o f t he m i s t a k e s wh i ch m a y r e s ul t fro m t a k i n g p r e v i o u s l y

e x i s t i n g m a t er i a l s i s gi v e n b y Mr Cla y S er vi ces of Q . .

E li z a beth
”
Par k e r So c i e ty
. 1 847 Pr e f .who s h ow s ho w . .

o u e r n i ght
” ”
t he m i s p r i n t of p o s tr i d i e fo r p ri d i e i n t he Se c o n d , ,

R u b ri c b e for e t he C o m m u n i o n o f the Si ck o ri gi n a t e d i n Ale s s s v er s i o n

’
,

o f I 5 5 1 a n d wa s p e r p e tu a t e d b y H a d d o n a n d h i s fo l l o w e r s th r o u gh
,

o u t t h e r e i gn o f E l i z a b e th .

B y t he “
A c t fo r t he U n i fo rm i ty o f Pu b l i ck Pr a y e r s e tc 14 ,
.
,

C a r ol t wo o t h er t r a n s la tron s o f the Pra y er B oo k w e r e

W elsh a n d
.

r e qu i r e d o n e i n t o t he W e l s h t he o th e r i n t o t he La t i n La t i n Pra y er
B oo k s I e
, ,

t o n gu e W e a r e t e m p te ( I t o d Igr e s s h er e from t h e m a i n q i re d b y
.

.
u

th r ea d o f o u r s u b j e ct t o c on s i d e r fo r a m o m e n t the A t
U Il l POT 1
'

fo rm er o f th e s e v e r s IOn s W e d o s o for t wo rea s o n s

. .

In th e fi r s t p l a c e b e c a u s e i t gi v e s a n i n s t a n c e o f t he c a r e o f C h ar l e s
,

I I for the w e l fa r e o f a ll hi s s u b j e ct s a n d a fford s a p r o of

.

The W e 15 h
o f a p r a IS e wo r thy d es rr e o n t he m o n ar ch s p a r t t o p e r Pr a y er B o o k .

t t b r o v i s i o n fo r i t s l i tu r y t he a n c i e n t C y m r i c
p e u a e y a p , g ,

t o n gu e wh i ch ha s w e l l b een t e r m e d the o n l y l i v i n g l i n k u n i t i n g C aes a r

,

a n d Agr i c o l a w i t h o u r s e l v e s j u s t a s fu r th e r o n i n the Ac t a n E n gl i s h
Pr a y er B oo k i s or d er e d a l s o t o b e p l a c e d i n t he chu r ch e s for t he

p r o m o ti on o f th e k n o w l e d ge o f t he E n gl i s h l a n gu a ge wh i ch w o u l d ,

t en d t o i n cr e a s e the e x t er n a l i n t er c ou rs e c om m e r c e an d p r os p er i ty , ,

I
T he i m pi r n t of t he c op yi n t he l y
B o d e i a n Lib r a r whi c h we ha e i n s e c t e d i s , A LO N DR E S , v p
pa r I E HAN I
B I LL, m p r i m e u r d u R o y M DC X VI A e c p r i i e g e d e s a Maj e s t é
v vl
In t he a b o e
' "
v
ly
. . . . .

t r a n sc r i p t u and vha v e oc c a s i o n a l b e e n c ha n g e d , as Nou e le m e n t fo r Nou u e lle vl

"
me n t .
8
H IS TORI CA L .

li ty: An d s e on d
c ly b e ca u s e we h a ll h
s a v e o cc a s i o n
of the Pr i n c i p a ,

t h C t e ch i s m an d
to re fe r t o th e W e l s h v e rs i on in t
ou r n o es o n e a

b e c omp el l e d t o p 0i n t o u t th a t s uch
l
e se
wh e r e an d s h a l l we fea ,
r ,
i red
,

uth w m i g h t h a v e d e s
ca r e was n o t .
a lw t k
a ys a e n b y i t s a o r s as e

m i d l l y f m t h e b o o k i n us e
a n d ex p e c ted ac t th y
i n f e c o p l e a rge r o
; ,

t he r e vi s ion d d i d n o t t ra n l
s a et t r uly a n d e x a ct l
“
y
”
f r om
b e fo r e a n
,

Of U n i for m i or d e r e d
l is h Pra y er B ook , as t he Ac t ty
t he Re v is e d E ng
of t i m e an d
t hem to do ; n or ca n we p l ea d fo r th em s h t
or n e s s

D P ay er
ty F
’

c we d i d i n th e ca s e o f u r e l s r e n
ch r
n e es s i
p res s i n g ,
as

th e m t h r ee y ear s fo r th e c om p l e t i o n of th e i r
B oo k ,
for t he Ac t ga v e

ta s k .

In 1 5 46
u l h
Wi l l iam Sa l e s b u ry p b i s e d t h e fi rs t W e l s h B oo k e v er

P
’

c o n ta i n e d the Al p h ab e t C e l d C d L o r d s r ayer
p t
ri n e d it a n a r r e e
, , , ,

I h f ll w e d i t up
a n d Te n C o m m a n d me t
e o o
n s n 1 55 1 .

w it h the tran s l a t i o n o f the E p is tl e s an d G o s p e l s fo r th e

i f t h P r B oo k
y ea r
an d in 1 5 6 7 a o
,
j i n t tr a n s l a t o n o e ra y e

l l i R i d D i t t e i r
was i s s
u e d b y W i l i a m S a es b u r y an d B s h p o ch ar a v e s a h
i n of
x
o wn e p e n s e Th i s was i n the s a m e y
.
e a r i n wh ch thi e i r t r a n s l t
a o

t l t n E l iz a b e t h
the Ne w T e s ta me n was p b u i s h e d I t i s s a i.d th a Q u e e

v e W i ll i am Sa l e s b u r y a p a t en t for s e v y e n e a r s fo r p r i n t i n g i n W e l s h
g a

A d m i i i f t h S m e n s
t he B i b l e C o m m o n Pra y e r a n d t t c t
n s r a o n o e a r a .

, ,

T h e re i s h o w e v e r n o a u t h or i t y i n t e
, ,
h A c t o f U n i f o r m i t y o f I

E i z for a W e s
l .
l h t r a n s la t i on o f t h e P r a y e r B o o k th o u g h i t i s
,

o rd e r e d t h a t t he B oo k o f C o m m o n P r a y e r s h a ll b e u s e d b y a ll
“
,

a n d s in g ul ar m i n i s e s t r i n a n
y C a t h e d r a l o r P a r i s h C , hu r ch or o t h e r
-
,

c
p la e i
w t h i n t h e R e a l m o f E n g l a n d W a les a n ,
d t h e M a r ch,
e s o f t h e

sa me o r o t h e r o f the Q u ee n s d o m i n i o n s
”
e tc ,
.
,

In t h e A c t o f U n i fo rm i t y o f C h a r l e s h o w e v e r d u e p r o v i s i on
,

or s uch a tr a n s l a ti o n i s m a d e ; t h e cl a u s e r e fe r ri n g t o
‘4 C a r I I . fIt ru n s as foll ows
.

P r o v i d e d a l wa y s an d b e i t E n
p m v i s i o n {0, ,

we l s h a c t ed b y t he Au t h ori ty a for e sa i d Th a t the B i s h o p s o f

Pra ye r Bo o k .
,

H er efor d Sa m t Da vi d s , A s ap /
, z, B an
gor , a n d La n d afl a n d
th e i r Su cces s ou rs s h a ll ta k e s uch o rd e r a mo n g t h ems el ves ,
fo r the

See ne x t n o t e .
 LI F E OF B U R E L .
9

so u l s h e a l th o f the F l o ck s c omm i t t e d to th e ir C h arge w i th i n Walés

, ,

T h a t the B oo k h e r e u n t o a n n e x e d b e t r ul y a n d e x a ct l y Tr a n s l a t e d
i n t o the B r zltzs / z o r Wols / z t o n gu e a n d th a t t he s a m e s o Tra n s l a t e d
' '

a n d b ei n
g b y th e m or a n y th r e e o f th e m a t t he l e a s t v i e w e d p e r u s ed
, , ,

a n d a ll o w e d b e I m p r i n t e d t o s uch n u m b er a t l e a s t s o th a t o n e of
, ,

the s a i d B o ok s s o t r an s l a t e d a n d I m p r i n t e d m a y b e ha d for e v er y ,

C a th e d ra l Co l l egi a t e a n d Pa ri s h C hu r ch a n d Ch a p p e l o f E a s e i n t he
, ,
-
,

s a i d r e s p e ct i v e Di o c e s e s a n d p l a c e s i n Wa les wh e r e t he Wels / z is ,

c o m m o n l y s p o k en o r u s e d b e fore the fi rs t d a y o f rll ay O n e th o u sa n d ,

s i x hu n d r ed s i xty fi v e -
e tc .

Th i s Ac t a l s o a s we h a v e s a i d n e c es s i t a t ed t he p re p a r a t i o n o f a
, ,

n e w La t i n v e r s i on The c l a u s e r e fe rr i n g t o the u s e o f t he La t i n
.

Pra y e r B oo k r u n s a s fo ll o w s : Pr o v i d e d a l wa y s T h a t
“

La t i n t ra n s
,

i t s h a l l a n d m a y b e la wfu ll t o u s e t he Mor n i n g a n d l a t i o n re .

u i red b y
E v e n i n g Pr a y e r a n d a ll o th er Pr a y er s a n d Se r v 1c e p r e q
1 4 Ca r I I
,
. .

s c r i b e d i n a n d b y t he s a i d B o o k i n t he C ha p p els o r o th e r
,

P u b l i ck p l a c e s o f the r e s p e ct i v e C o lle d ge s a n d H a ll s i n b o th t he
U n i ver s i t i e s i n the C o lled ges o f WEs t nzzn s ter Wi n o/
'

t es ter a n d E a ton
’
, , , ,

an d in t he C o n v o c a t i o n s o f t he C l e r gi e s o f e i th er Pr o v i n c e i n

La t i n e ; An y th i n g i n th i s Ac t c o n t a i n e d t o t he c o n t ra r y n ot wi th
t
s a n d ing .

T h i s La t i n v er s i on Dr Du r el p u b l i s h e d i n
. ucc e e d i n g 16 70 . In s

ch a p t er s we s h a ll h a v e to s p ea k m or e fu ll y o f t he c i r cu m s t a n c e s

a t t en d i n g i t s p r e p ara t i o n a n d p u b l i c a t i o n o f i t s ch a r a c t e r a n d v a l u e , ,

a n d o f the i m p r e s s o f a uth o r i ty wh i ch i t b e a r s We s h a l l s ee the .

l a b ou r a n d the l e n gt h o f t i m e d e v o t ed t o the w or k a n d t he a s s i s t ,

a n c e Du r e l e n j o y e d fr om ot h e r lea rn e d a n d r o m i n e n t m e n o f hi s d a y
p .

We s h a ll s e e th a t a s a r e s u l t o f th i s hi s La t i n v ers ron d i ffer s s o m e

, ,
‘

wh a t fr o m hi s F re n ch t ra n s l a t i o n i n b e i n g d e l ib e ra t e a n d m a tu r e ,

a n d e x p r es s e s i n c a r e fu l a n d s tu d i e d l a n u a e t he o i n i o n s o f h i m s e l f
g g p
and hi s c o l l ea gu es or ra th e r we s h o u l d s a y the o p i n i o n s o f t he
, , ,

E s t a b l i s h e d C hu r ch o f hi s d ay In s h o rt we s h a ll fi n d th a t a s Mr
.
, , .

The s e q u o t a t i on s fr o m t h e Ac t s of U n i fo rm i t y a re ta k en fr o m t he B oo k C o m mon Pra e r ,

of y
l
Pr i n t e d by J ohn F i e d , Pr i n t e r t o v
t he U n i e r s i t y of C a mb r i d g e , The c o p y
i n s p e c t ed i s
a t t he E
B o d le i m Li b r a r y .
IO H IS TORI CA L .

B lu n t r e mar ks ,
“
Dea n Dur el s La t i n V e rs i on i s
’
a m os t e xc e ll e n t
o n e, wh e th er i t i s v i e w ed as l
t o s ch o ars h i p , th eo l ogy or l oya l ty to
the Ch u rch o f E n gl a n d ”
.

“
The An n o t a t e d B oo k of Co mm on Pra y e r, p
.
5 86 Ap p
. . IV
. Rev .
J . S B
. l un t, MA. .
, P SA
. . .

Ri v i n g t o ns , 1 866
.
 H I S TOR Y OF L A TIN P R A YE R B OOK . It

C H A PT E R II .

H I STO R Y O F TH E LAT I N T R ANSLAT I O N O F T H E R E VI SE D

PR AY E R B OO K .

The ge n u i n e s e n s e , i n ell i gib ly t t

o ld ,

w t
Sho s a r a n s l a o r b o h d i s c re e t t t and b o ld .
-
ROSCO MMO N .

N hi s fi rs t e d i t i o n of 1 6 7 0 Dr . Du r el c a ll s h i m s e l f the “
E d i to r
n ot t he Tra n s l a t or o f th e La t i n Pr a y e r B o ok . Th e ch i e f r ea s o n
fo r hi s a d op ti onth i s t i tl e a p p ea r s t o b e th a t the t ra n s
of

l a t i on wa s n ot or igi n a lly commi tt e d t o hi s c a re b u t th a t e faggfi fl

ea’ l
,

h e wa s a p p o i n t ed t o c arr y o n a n d c o m p l e t e t he w o r k o f

p r e v i o u s t ra n s l a t or s who fo r v a r i o u s c a u s e s ha d b e en c o m p e ll e d to
,

r e l i n qu i s h t he t a s k In the a cc ou n t i n La t i n o f th e Se s s i o n s o f C o n
.

v o c a t i o n we fi n d a s foll ow s Ses s i on LX X X Sa tu r d a y A p r i l 2 6
“
,

b e tw e e n t he h o u r s o f 8 a n d 1 0 i n the for en oon o f . .

An d a d eb a t e h a v i n g b e en h e l d a n d fi gggig f
the s a m e d a y e t c ,
.

g
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m a d e a m on g th e m c o n c e rn i n g a t ra n s l a t i on o f the b oo k 6

o f p u b l i c p r a y e rs i n t o t h e La t i n t o n gu e th e l or d b i s h o p for p re p a r i n
g ,

o f Lo n d o n e tc
.
I
fr o m a n d w i th t he c on s en t o f hi s V213;
.

b r e th r e n e tc c o m m i tt e d the c a r e o f t he s a m e t ra n s l a t i o n
,
.

t o t he r e v e re n d s J o h n E a r l e Dea n o f t he B l e s s e d Pe t e r We s t m
’

a n d J o h n Pe i r s o n p r ofe s s o r s r e s p e ct i v e l y o f s a c r e d th e o l ogy An d
‘

th i s h a v i n g b ee n d o n e a n d s a i d the l or d e tc c on t i n u ed e tc ,
.
, .

a cc o r d i n g t o t he s ch e d u l e e t c ?
”
,

Th i s wa s i n 1 6 6 2 t wo m o n th s a ft e r the a p p r o va l o f the E n gl i s h
,

B oo k by t he k i n g i n c o u n c i l a n d s i xt ee n d a y s a ft er the A c t o f,

U n i for m i ty wh i ch n e c e s s i t a t e d a La t i n t r a n s l a t i o n ha d p a s s ed the
, ,

H o u s e o f Lor d s W e s e e th er e fore th a t C o n v o c a ti on l o s t n o t i m e
.
,

1
T hi s wa s G i lb e r t She ld on who was ra is e d t o t he Pr i ma c yi n t he n e x t y e ar . Se e Ap p D
w ll Sy
, . .

2
Se e Ca r d ’
e s n od . ii 67 1
. .
 HIS TOR IC/1L .

l D l
’
d e c e s s or in t he C h a p l a i n cy t o t he kin g,
O f J o h n E a r e ,
ur e s p r e

ft er ; but as Pe i rs o n s o on

y e ar 1 6 1 2b u t H e was t he
th e n was b orn a t Sn or i g
n a o .

M
,

t k i h i A d
ed uc t
a ed a t E t o n a n d C a m b r i d ge a n g s a n
,
. .

t h l y H w as m a d e p r e b e n d a r y o f N e th e r
e n e rin g o o r d e rs i n 1 6 39 e .

h v he chu r ch o f Sar u
in t m a n d i n 1 6 4 0 w as a p p o i n t ed
a en ,

d y
k e ep e r F i n ch by wh m h w t d
ngag
r e s e n e
e
ch ap l a i n to Lo r d ,
o e a s p
a

t o Torr i n g o n , t i n Su ffol k . Du r i n g t he c i v i l w a r s h e w as

ch a l ai n to Lord Gori n g In 1 6 5 0 wa s m a d e m i n i s t e r o f St
he .

p
.

l
C e me n t s
’
E a s t C h e a p a n d t e n
,
y ea rs l t
a e r w a s p r e s e n t e d b y J ux on ,

H
b is h o p o f Lo n d o n t o the r e c t o ry o f S ty
t C r i
h t phs o e
.
r s i n t h e C i e
’
.

t
was rea ed D D a t Ca m b ri d ge
c . .
i n p u r s u a n
,
c e o f t h e k i n
g s l e t t e rs man
’

d f S d b re
d a tory i n s a e d Pr eb e n d ar o f E ly A
t ll y r ch e a c o n o u rr e y a n e fo ,
, ,

l os e of 1 6 6 0 m a d e Mas er o l t
c t J u C l I t h x y a r he
the f e s s o e g e n e n e e
.

nd w
was a p p oi n e d M g
t ar a r e t P r o fe s s o r o f D i v i n i ty ; a as

C omm is
fo r
.

o n e o f t he c o mm i s s i o n e rs f o r t h e r e v i e w o f t h e l i t u r g y i n

i
’

t he c on fe r e n c e a t t h e S a v o y b e i n
g n a m e d ,
i n t h e k ng s

w a rra n t as a c o a d j ut or o n t he e p i s c o p a l s i d e In t he .

A p r i l o f 1 6 6 2 he was m a d e Ma s t e r o f Tr i n i ty C o l l ege C a m b r i d ge , ,

a n d i n the s a m e m on t h a s we h a v e s ee n wa s a p p o i n t e d o n e o f t h e
, ,

t ra n s l a t ors o f the li t u rgy i n t o La t i n In t he Au gu s t o f t he s a me .

y ea r he r es ign e d hi s re c t o ry o f St Ch ri s t op h er s a n d t he p r e b e n d o f
.
’

Sa ru m for wh a t r ea s o n s we d o n o t k n o w b u t i t m a y h a v e b e en fr o m ,

ea rl y s y m p t o m s o f t h a t l os s o f h e a lt h a n d m e m o r y w i th wh i ch he

was s o gr i e v ou s ly a fili c te d i n t he l a s t y ear s o f hi s l i fe

Re t i res
.

{ o Wh a te v e r the r eas on wa s h o w e v e r i t wa s p r ob a b l y fo r
hgk g
t
i the s a m e ca u se th a t he wa s u n ab l e t o ca r ry o u t the p re
, ,

Tm a ‘i o n .

ara t i o n an d r e v i s i o n o f the La t i n V e r s i o n H i s l a b o u rs
p .
,

h ow ev e r w er e s uch a s m e t wi t h r ew a rd ; he was a p p o i n t e d B i s h o p
,
 H IS TORI CA L .

ch a p l ai n the y ou n g
p l a ce
ch ose n t a k e hi s as tut or an d to
to

C h a rl e s l os t all he ha d for hi s a d h er e n c e
E a r l e, h o w ev e r
T t
. ,
u o r an d
Ch a
pl a n h o l
i t t o C ar e s I a n d s u ff e r e d .
i n
,
e x i l e W i t h h i s s o n A ft er .

Gr d
a 11
es
t
the d e fe a of t e
.

h l a tt e r a t W o r c e s t e r E ar l e s a l u t e d hi m at
,

u u
R o e n p on his arri a v l a t No rm a n d y H e w a s th e r e u p o n m a d e ch a p
.
- v

l a i n a n d c l erk of the cl os et Aft er the re tu rn of Ch a r l e s I I E a rl e

.
.
,

w t D
a s a p p o i n ed
e a n o f W es t m i n s t e r a p r e fe r m e n t wh i ch ,

s e e ms a l wa y s t o h a v e b ee n r ega r d e d a s a p e cu l
i a r mar k
l
.

of o r y a f a v o u r I n 1 6 6 1 h e .w as w i th P e i r s o n o n e o f

c j ut r s t o the e p i s c op a l d i v i n es a t t he Sa v o y
C oa d ju to r t h e oa d o

H e b e c a m e B i s h o p o f W o r c e s t e r i n t he
C3 3 23;
Co n fe ren c e .

No ve mb er o f 1 6 6 2 s h ort l y a ft er hi s ap p o i n t m e n t t o the
,

w o rk o f t ra n s l a ti o n an d i n t he fo l lo w i n g y e ar was m a d e B i s h o p o f
,

Sa l i s b u ry H e r e t i r e d t o O x for d wh e n t he k i n g a n d c o u r t
.

s e ttl e d th e re o w i n g to t he p l a gu e i n Lo n d o n a n d W e s t

m i n s t er a n d d i e d a t U n i ve rs i ty Co ll ege i n t he s a m e y ea r
, ,

1665 O n o n e o f hi s w o rk s t he t r a n s l a t i o n i n t o La t i n
Die d 166 5
, .
.
,

E cc l e s i as t i ca l Po l i ty Wo od r e m ar k s th a t
”
o f H ook er s
’
,

he was t he fi t m an t o m a k e the l e a r n e d o f a ll n a t i o n s h a p p y i n
“
,

k n ow i n g wh a t h a t h b e e n t oo l on g c on fi n d t o the l a n gu a ge o f o u r
'

l i tt l e i s l an d an d n o l e s s was he the fi t m a n t o p r e p ar e th a t t ra n s la

ti on of the Pra y e r B ook wh i ch a s B ur el s a y s i n hi s De d i ca ti on t o ,

t he Ki n g i s n ow s et a n ew b e for e the e y e s ( o f t he C h ri s t i an w o r l d )
,
“

i n a l a n gu age fa m i l i ar t o all Me n o f Lear n i n g ”

.

J oh n Dolb e n who was a p p o i n t e d b y Con v o ca t i on t o as s i s t E a rl e

,

a ft e r Pe i r s o n s r e ti r e m e n t was b o r n i n No r t ha m t o n s h i r e i n
’

, p
H e wa s e d uca t ed a t We s t mi n s t er Sch oo l a n d e n t e re d
Dolba i .
,

C h r is t Chu r ch Oxfo rd i n 1 6 4 0 the sa m e y ear i n wh i ch

, , ,

Du re l e n t ered a t Mert on C ol l ege : th ey w e r e b o th o f t he a ge o f

fift e e n a t the t i m e o f th e ir m a t r i cu l a t i on In the c i v i l .

w ars Do lbe n s erv ed a s a n o ffice r i n t he r o y a l ar m y a t Ox

fo rd a n d e l s ewh er e a n d ro s e t o t he ra n k o f m aj or , .

R e t u rn i n g to co llege o n the d e cl i n e o f the k i n s a ffa i r s he t oo k hi s '

g
See Woo d '

s Athe n a , v0
1
. iv . col. r 88.
 H IS TOR Y OF L A TIN P R A YE R B OOK .
5

d egr ee i n 1 6 4 7 a n d e n e re d t
h ol y or d er s A t the R e s t or a t i on he
i n to .

o b ta i n e d a c a n o n r y o f C h r i s t C hu r ch t oo k hi s D D a n d , . .
,
De a n o f
was a p p om te d Dea n o f W e s t mi n s t er wh e n E a r l e wa s W es t m i n s t e r , .

p r o m ot ed t o t he b i s h op r i c o f Wo r c es t er i n 1 6 6 2 He .

r e c e i v e d th i s
p r e fer m e n t a t the r e c o mm en d a t i on o f h i s w i fe s u n c l e
’

B i s h o p Sh e l d on who was i n gr ea t fa vo u r w i th t he k i n g In 1 6 6 4
‘
.
,

he was m a d e c l e r k t o t he c l o s e t a n d i n the s a m e y ea r wa s
Pr o l oc u t o r o f
,

Pr o l o cut or o f the Low er H o u s e of C on v o c a t i on I t wa s Lo we r H o u e . s

0f
i n th i s y e ar th a t Co n v o ca t i o n a p p oi n t e d hi m t o b e E arl e s ’

C on v oc a t to n .

c oa d j ut or l n t he tran s l a t i o n o f the Pra y er B oo k hi s W i fe s ,

’

re l a t ion ,
th e n Ar ch b i s h op Sh e l d o n p r es i d i n g o n the o cca s i o n In
, .

1 6 6 6 he b e ca m e B i s h op o f R o ch e s t e r b u t wa s a ll o w e d b y
B i s ho p o f
,

t he k i n g t o r e ta i n the d e a n e r y o f We s t m i n s t e r H e wa s R oc he s te r . .

r66 6
a ft e r w a r d s ch o s en a l m o n er t o 11 15 m aj e s t y a n d by
.

v ir tu e o f the k i n g s c o n ge d e s li r e was e l e ct e d t o t h e A r h gi s l o p
’ ” ’

0i j o r i
a r ch b i s h o p r i c o f Y o r k i n 1 6 8 3 H e d i ed i n t he y ea r .

1 6 86 th r e e y e a rs a ft e r hi s a
, pp o i n t m en t H i s p o r t r a i t m ay b e s e e n .

i n the H a l l o f C h r i s t C hu r ch O xfo r d Wo o d t he a n t i qu a r i a n
, .
, ,

a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n p e r s o n a lly a cqu a i n t e d w i th hi m .

The r ea s o n wh y C o n v o c a t i o n p ai d s o m uch a tt e n t i on t o t he La t i n
t r a n s l a t i o n of the r ev i s ed Pr a y e r B oo k i s ea s y t o b e s een Pa r t l y .
,

n o d o u b t i t wa s b e ca u s e s uch a v e r s i o n wa s r e qu i r e d b y
,
R e a s o n s fo r
t he A c t o f U n i for m i ty for t he u s e o f the U n i v e rs i t i e s a n d a L tin
a
v e rmo n
t he ch i e f p u b l i c s ch oo l s ; fo r t he u s e th a t i s t o s a y o f
'

, ,

t he futu r e t h eo l ogi a n s p ol i t i c i a n s a n d l egi s l a t or s o f t he k i n gd o m

, ,
.

B u t b e s i d es t h i s i t wa s the cu s t o m of t he t i m e t o h a v e i m p o r t a n t
w ri t i n gs i n a d u p l i ca t e form o n e c o p y i n E n gl i s h t he
, ,

o th e r i n La t i n So we h a v e t he t i t l es o f A ct s o f Pa r l i a
.

m en t i n La t i n u p t o C h a r l e s I I So a l s o a t a n e a r l i e r a n d C hu r c h

d oc u m e n t s
.

d a t e i n t he re i gn o f E l i z ab e th we h a v e th e two c o p i e s ‘

, ,

o f the A rt i c l e s i n E n gl i s h a n d i n La t i n b o th a p p a r e n t l y o f e qu a l
, ,

a uth or i ty an d y e t d i ffe r i n g s om e wh a t i n th ei r p h ra s eo l ogy Wi th o u t .

Do n o r o f t he She ld o n i a n Th ea t r e , O x fo r d , whi ch was b u i l t 1 66 4 - 9 , fr o m d e s i g n s b y Si r

p
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wi s hi n g to p l a c e t he La t i n Pra y e r B oo k o f C h a r l e s 11 u p o n p re .

c is ely the sa m e foo t i n g as the La t i n c o p y of t he Ar ti c l e s we m a y v e r y ,

w e ll c o n ce i v e t h at i t was n ot i n t e n d e d t o b e a m er e tr a n s l a ti o n b u t t o ,

be a sa fegua rd aga in s t s uch m i s c on s t r ucti on as a l i vi n g l an gu age i s

e v er s u bj ect to b y r eas on of the fluctu a t i on i n the m ea n i n g of i ts

t e rm s .

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,

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.

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t he Pre fa c e t o the E n gl i s h Pra y e r B oo k

; on the o n e h a n d t h e y r e ,

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v ie w to a cl ea r e x p res s i o n of t he i n t en ti o n o f the r e v i s e rs ; o n the
o t h e r th e y foll o we d t he i n j u n c t i o n s o f C h a r l es I I t o t h e c o m m i s
, .

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y a v o i d i n g a s m uch as p o s s i b l e

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,
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vari ou s reas o n s u n ab e l to c o mp l e t e . In 1662 B u rel s ucc e e d ed

The Annota t ed B oo k of Common P yra p 5 86
er ,
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 H IS TOR Y O F LA TI N PR A YE R B O OK I7

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.

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,

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h an d e d o v er t o h i s s ucc es s o r i n t he C h a p l a i n cy j u s t a s hi s s ucc es s or
i n t he d ea n ery o f We s t m i n s t er t o o k Pei rs o n s p l a c e u p on hi s r e t i r e
’

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p re p a r a t i o n o f t he v e rs i o n wh i ch Dur el u n d e r t oo k for hi s r o y a l
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a cqu a i n t an c e Wo o d s a y s h e wa s n ot a m a n o f gr e a t l e ar n i n g ; he
,

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,

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San c ro ft a m on g t he Ta n n er MSS . i n t he B od l ei a n
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, ( p ra y ,

be p l eas e d c ar e fu l ly t o p r es er v e ) t he o th e r h a v i n g b e e n l o s t a t the ,

r e m o v i n g o f m y b o o k s wh en th e c i ty was b u r n t I s e n d yo u w i t h a l .

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a n d m o s t o b l ige d

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sth 1 66 6 J o h n Du r el .

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Ca t a l ogu e d a t es i t t he r e as o n fo r th i s i s th a t i n Dur e l s t i m e
’

t he n e w y e a r b ega n o n t he 2 5 th of Ma r ch n o t o n t he r s t of ,

J a n u ary .

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B oo k h ere m e n t i on e d w e r e Do lb e n s c o p y E arl e d ie d , we h a v e
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.

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w o ul d a t the mo m e n t p l a c e th i s c op y p r ep ar e d b y E ar l e o n o n e s i d e .

In t he Se p t em b er o f t he fo l l o w i n g y ear t he F i re o f Lo n d o n o ccu r r e d ,

a n d i t was p r o b a b ly th i s c op y t h a t was l os t i n t he r e m o v a l o f Du r e l s
’

b o ok s The o t h er c op y wh i ch b e forwar d ed t o Dr Sa n cr o ft w o u l d
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.
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t h ose of Ea r l e a n d Dolbe n Durel w ou l d har d ly ca ll hi s own w or k .

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fol owi n g a s a m as o n fo r be i e i n g t ha t Du re l s
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ma y be t he s a m e La ti n tr a n s la ti on hi c h was ma d e w
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i ts Act s of 2 6 A ri , 1 66 2 , a n d 1 8 Ma y , 1 66 4 p l
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 H IS TOR Y OF L A TIN P R A YE R B OOK . 19

T h i s La t i n Li tu
th e n wa s s u b m i t t e d to Ar ch b i s h op Sa n c r o ft
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t o r e c e i v e hi s c r i t i c i s m a n d e l i c i t hi s s u gge s t i o n s b e fo r e Du r el c om ,

m e n c e d hi s c om p l e t i on a n d fi n a l r e v i s i o n for t he p r es s .

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No m o r e va lu a b l e a s s 1s ta n c e c o u l d b e c on c e 1v e d fo r a s thi s s u b m i s ,

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, ,

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, .

h a v e h el p e d Du r el o n o th er o cca s i on s w i th hi s w or k s .
’
Sa n c r o ft s
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v o u r w o r thy s e l f a n d t o the w or thy j u d ge o f the Pr er oga t i v e ( wh o m

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,

t o t a k e a b o ut m y p a p e rs a n d for t h e r e ct i fy i n g o f m y m i s ta k e s , .

B u t h er e i s y e t m o r e w o r k fo r b o th o f yo u i n the i n cl os e d p a p e r
wh i ch yo u m ay p er u s e m or e l e i s u re l y ”
The s e c o n d i s d a t e d fr o m .

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.
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, , ,

m uch t o hi s p r ed e c e s s or s i n t he w o r k t o t he Sar u m Mi s s a l a n d t he , ,

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, ’

hi s o wn c o n t r ib uti o n s t o t he t r a n s l a t i on w er e s o s m a l l a s s ha r e i n t he .

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t o j u s t i fy t he a p p l i c a t i o n t o hi m o f t he t i t l e o f
'

E d i t or ,

wh i ch he s o m od e s t l y a s s u m es H i s c o t e m p o r a r y Dr B a r l o w who .
, .
,

wa s a p p o i n t ed Li b r ar i a n o f the B o d l e i a n i n 1 6 5 2 a n d i n 1 6 7 5 wa s ,

m a d e B i s h o p o f Li n c o l n ha d a v er y d i ffe r e n t o p i n i o n ,

o f t he m e r i t o f hi s w o r k In a c op y o f Du r e l s La t i n
‘
’
.

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Dr B a r l o w s m o tt o a év d p um é ew o n t he t i tle p a ge a n d th i s i n s c r i p
.
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”

y
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r e d d i ta m

V
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v o lu i s t i u n d e m e r i t o A u g u s t is s i m o No m i n i T u o n u n c u p a t u r ha e c La t i n a i lli us e rs i o He a so . l
r e fe rs t o Gi b s o n s
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. . .

3 18 : Me i u s lib ru m i n t e rp r e t a t i s u n t 1 66 2 John E ar e , De ca n us We s t mo n as t e ri e n s i s , a t q u e J
l l .

Pe ars o n ” ( Cf t he c o mm e n c e m e n t o f t he p r e s e n t c ha p t e r )
. . .
20 H IS TOR ICA L .

t io n l o w e r d o w n i n Dr B a rl o w.
’
s h a n d w ri t i n g Li b : Tho : B ar l ow
d ono Du re l l i S T h e o l : Doc t or i s huj u s Li tu rgi ae In ter p r et i s
ex J . .

“
Th o m a s B ar low s '

B oo k p r e s e n ted b y J o h n D u r e l Do ct o r of

Sa c red I n t e rp r e t er o f th i s Li t u rgy
Th e o l ogy an d .
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“
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,

s ee i n t he De d i ca t i o n t o Lo rd V a ux B a ro n o f H a r r o d e n , ,

wh i ch i s p re fixed to The Li fe o f t he Ap os t l e St Pa u l
“
n ow .

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.

i n the B od l e i a n Li b ra r y an d i s b o u n d u p w i th Dr Sa n
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.
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.
,

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'
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,

s ign i fi e d i n t he F re n ch whi ch i s the d uty o f a Tra n s l a t o r b u t

, you ,

h a v e re n d er ed t he v ery m en ta ll c o n c ep t i on o f the Auth o r wh i ch i n , ,

Ar is t o tl e s s t i l e i s the offi c e o f a n I n t erp re t er

,
Dr B a r l ow s s e l e ct i o n . .
’

o f t h i s w ord to d e s c r i b e Dur el i n re l a t i o n t o hi s La t i n v e rs i o n s h o w s

b ot h ho w a ccu ra t ely he a p p reh e n d ed the mea n i n g o f the t e r m In

t erp r es a n d ho w fu l ly he u n d e rs t o od t he p o s i t i o n wh i ch
Pos i t i on
,

o f Du re s th a t v ers i on wa s i n t e n d e d t o o ccu y w i th r e fe r e n c e t o
’

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t he E n gl i s h Pra y er B oo k W e s h a ll fr e qu e n t l y h a v e o c
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.

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p g .

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,
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,3 H IS TORICA L .

Mos t Good a nd M os t Gr ea t God , who ha s heap ed s u ch ben efi ts p

u on

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the a d d i ti on a lso of a p
s eci a l E ucha r i s t ic Ofi ce f or You r Maj es ty s ’

happy r et u r n to You r p eop le) whi ch men d evoted to R eli gi on a mong

us i n the ti me o f ou r An ces tor s , R efb r mer s , H oly Ma r ty r s a n d Con

fes s or s of Chr i s t, fi f the
r mer ly r en d er ed ex a ct a ccor d i ng to the r u le o

Di vi n e IVor d a nd o f the ea r ly P i ety o f Chri s ti a n s ; PVhether

ghtly be r e ected
i n t r u th i t be o f s u ch a hi n d , tha t i t ought or cou ld ri j
6 "
blotted out of r emem br a n ce by p er s on s p r of es s i n g the Chr i s ti a n
r elig on i let the Chr i s ti a n wor ld j u dge ,
bef or e whos e ey es it is no w s et

a ne wi n a la ngua ge F a mi li a r to a ll Men of Lea r n i ng . To me at lea s t

ther e i s no d ou bt bu t tha t, if a ll the Chu r ches whi ch p r of ess tha t
Chr i s t i s the R edeemer f the hu ma n r a ce, s hou ld agr ee u on on e a n d
o
p
the s a me F or m f
o ( w
Sa cr ed L i tu rgy
hi ch thi n
g m u s t be hop ed f or )

thi s of ou r s wou ld p r eva i l by m a ny votes ov er a ll the r es t whi ch a r e i n

us e i n the va r i ou s Chu r ches , so t ha t then cd or t h i t a lon e wou ld every

wher e obta i n , May God , to whos e glory thi s mos t ex cellm t

Li t u rgy of the H oly Chu r ch o f E ngla n d i n p i te of
s t he s n a r li ng o f
Schi s ma tics , You , Mos t Ser en e K i ng, ha ve wi s hed to be tr a ns la ted ( when ce
des er v edly i s thi s La ti n Ver s i on of tha t other t he E n gl i s h Li tu rgy ]
d ed i ca ted to You r Mos t A ug us t Na me) hea r the P r ay er s .

t hi ngs are hea r t i ly p r ay ed f or y ou r Maj es ty by ,

“
Si re , Mos t Augu s t a n d Mos t Gra c i ou s o f K i n gs ,

o f y o u r Su bj e c t s a n d Se r v a n t s
“
,

t he Mo s t H u m b l e a n d
“

Mo s t Ob e d i e n t,

J D E d i t or
“
. . .

ld i o ma t e : t he wor d i d iom e ven i n t he E n g i s h l of th i s t i m e mea n t l g g

an i
ua e,
”
as n Th e
Li fe of t he Ap os t e St Pa u l . l Lo n d 16 5 3

ly
. . .

ll y
2
The La ti n i s re d d i ta m Th is m i ght be s i m p re s t or e d 3 bu “
”
.
1 ) hae c ( t hi s ) i s g e n er a
use d by Du re l for t he La t i n

for res t ore d a bo

,

v
an d i a
n e i t he r of t he m
ll
( t ha t ) for t he E n g i s h l ve rs i on an d ( 2 ) t he w
o r d s he us es
e a re re dd i ta m :
’

5 us e o f r ed d e re in a co n t e m po ra r ywi r t er ,

,
"
a ace t o w hi c h is wi r tt e n by Dr . Ma n to n
-
gw
s m ,
Se e Lo r d Se lb om e , p . 1 9 abov e .
 A U TH ORI T Y OF D U RE L S VE R S I ON ’
. 2 3

We m us t a sol t th a t the b o o k i s p r i n t e d b y R oger Nor t o n

no e ,

K i n g s Pr i n t e r ( R egi u s Ty p ogra p hu s ) a n d s o l d b y Sa m
’

The I m p r i n t
, .

Me a rn e K i n g s B oo k s e l l er ( R egi u s B i b l i op ol a ) ; j u s t a s
.
’
,

Q u ee n E l i z a b e t h s wa s i s s u e d
”
Li b e r Pr e c u m Pu b li c a ru m
’ “
e tc ,
.
,

p er n o s t rum T
yp go ra p hu m .

I t i s n e ce s s a r y th e r e for e t o s t op for a m o m e n t a n d e x a m i n e b r i e fly
, ,

t he qu e s t i on o f t he R o y a l Su p r e m a cy We m a y c on .

v e n i e n tl
y d i s cu s s i t u n d e r fo u r h e a d s t he n a tu r e o f th e

a uth o r i ty wh i ch i t c on fe rr e d e x a m p l es o f t h e u s e o f t h a t

a uth or i ty 3 th e gr o wth o f t he E n gl i s h Li tu r gy u n d e r i t s fo s t e r i n g c a r e 3

a n d l a s t l y i ts a p p l i c a t i o n t o the La t i n Pra y e r B o o k o f Du r e l
, ,
.

I t m u s t b e b or n e i n m i n d th a t Pa p a l s u p r e m a cy or a uth or i ty l e gi s ,

l a t i v e j u d i ci a l a n d e x e cuti v e ha d b ee n e x er ci s e d for s o m e l i a s t i c a l
, , ,
E c c es
Ce n tu ri e s o v e r the C hu r ch es o f E n gl a n d Sc o t l a n d a n d , s u p rem a c y ,

I r e l a n d a s br a n ch es a n d i n t egra l p a r t s o f t he We s t e rn t ra n s fe r re d
,
fro m t he
o r La t i n C hu r ch T h i s fo r e i gn s u p r e m a cy was a b o l i s h e d POI fiO t he
iEm g
.

b y the l egi s l a tu r es o f t he th r e e k i n gd o m s i n t he s i xt een th

.

c en tu ry H e n r y V I I I wa s a ck n o wl e d ge d a s Su p r e m e H e a d o f the
. .

C hu r ch b y the cl e rgy i n 1 5 2 8 Th i s R o y a l Su p r e m a cy was c o n fi r m e d

.

b y Pa r l i a m e n t i n 1 5 3 4 Su p r e me e cc l es i a s t i c a l a u t h o r i ty v e s t ed i n
.
,

t he r e i gn i n g s o v e r e i gn i s e n a ct e d b y the s t a tut e o f 2 6
,
2 6 H e m VH L
H en r y V I I I i n the fo l l o w i n g c l ea r a n d p re c i s e t e r m s
.

Th a t the k i n g o u r s o v ere i gn l o r d hi s h ei rs a n d s u cc e s s o r s k i n gs o f
, ,

th i s r ea l m s h a ll b e ta k e n a cc ep t e d a n d r ep u t e d t he o n ly
Na t u r e o f
, , ,

s u p re m e h e a d i n e a r th o f t h e C hu r ch o f E n gl a n d a n d R oy a l ,

Su p re m a cy
s h a l l h a v e a n d e n j o y a n n e x e d t o the i m p e ri a l c r o w n o f
.

t h i s r e a l m a s w e ll the s ty l e a n d ti tl e th er e of a s all h o n ors d ign i t i e s

, , , ,

p r e e m i n en c e s j u r i s d i ct i o n s p ri v i l ege s a uth o r i t i e s i mm u n i t i e s p r o fit s
-
, , , , , ,

a n d c o m m o d i t i e s t o t h e s a i d d i gn i ty o f t he s u p r e m e h e a d o f t he s a m e

C hu r ch b e l o n gi n g a n d a p p er t a i n i n g 3 A n d s h a ll h a v e p o w e r fr o m
—

t i m e t o t i m e to v i s i t r ep r e s s r e d re s s re for m or d er c orr e c t r e s t ra i n
, , , , , , ,

a n d a m e n d a ll s uch e r r or s h e r e s i e s a b u s e s o ff e n c e s c o n t e m p t s a n d
, , , , ,

en orm i t i e s ,
wh a t s o e v e r th e y b e wh i ch by a n y m a n n er o f s p i ri tu a l
, ,

a uth o r i t y o r j u r i s d i cti o n m a l a wfu ll y b e r e fo rm e d , r e p r e s s e d , o r d e re d

y , ,
2 4 H I S TOR ICA L .

r e d ress e d ,
c o rr ect e d ,
t
re s ra i n e d , o r a me n d e d , m os t t o the p l e a s u r e o f
Al m igh t y Go d , the i n c reas e C h r i s t s r e l igi o n , a n d fo r t he
’
of v i r tu e i n
c o n se rva t i o n o f the p ea ce u n i ty t , ,
and r an qu i l l i t y of t h is re a lm — la n y

u sage cu s t o m fore ign l a ws fore ign a uth or i ty p r e s c ri p ti o n

, , , , , or any

o t h e r th i n g t o t he c o n t rar y n o tw i t h s t an d i n g
”
.

In h arm o n y wi th t h i s s ta tut e we h a v e s u ch d o cu m e n t s as t he
“
R e n u n ti a t i o P ap ez , et R ec ogn i ti o R egi s in C a p ut
K m
g
gg it Co llegi u m
l
an im in
E c c le s i ze p e r Cu s t o d e m et ( omn . .

R l? wh ere t he re i gn i n g p ri n c e i s a ck n o wle d ge d
Oxo n i a j,
”

ga}
e

t a n qua m s u p re m u m Ca p u t E ccl e s iae An gli ca n ee An d .

”

Dr B u rn t e l l s u s th a t a ft er the a b o l i t i o n o f t he p a p a l p o w e r th e r e
.

was n o b ran ch of s ov er ei gn ty w i th wh i ch t he p r i n c es o f
B urn
th i s r ea l m fo r a b ov e a ce n t ur y a fte r t he R e fo r ma t io n
.

, ,

w e re m o re d e l igh t ed th an th a t o f b e i n g t he s u p re m e h e a d o f t he
Chur ch e tc E ccl e s La w ti t
” ”
, . Su p r e m a cy .
, .

So too a t the v e r y t i m e wh e n Du r el s b o o k wa s i n c o u r s e o f re ’
, , p
p a ra t i on B i s h o Sti lli n gflee t r efer s i n th e s e w o r d s t o the
S t illi ng flee t .
p ,

s u p r e ma cy of C h ar l e s I I a s k i n I t wa s he s a y s fo r
g . .
, ,

t he C hu rch o f E n l a n d s a s s he gr a d u a ll y r e
’

g gr ea t h o n o u r th a t
ga i n ed he r light s o i t was w i t h the i nfluence o f S up r eme A u thor i ty ”
.

No th i n g d o th m o re a rgu e t he e xc e l l e n t c on s t i tut i o n o f o u r Ch u r ch
t ha n t h a t t h ere i n the p u ri ty o f a Chr i s ti a n Doctr i n e i s j o i n e d w i t h
t he m os t h ea r ty a
ck n o w l e d ge me n t of y o u r Ma es t s P ower a n d j y
’

S up r ema cy Thi s , on e of t he r i ch es t was th e n ( 1 6 6 5 )

.

5 ’ezoels o f i ”
t,
a d orn i n I mp er i a l Cr own
g t he
“ ”
.

E xa m pl e o f
a s t ic a l . A fe w i n s t a n c es of i ts p r e v i ou s e mp o l y me n t w i ll
u se o f s u ffi c e th o u 8h e x er c i s e s o f s ov e r e i n t
g y o f a Si m i la r l an d
s u p r e ma c
y .

by the a uth o ri ty of ccu r a ga in a n d a ga i n i n t he h i s t o r y

C h a r l es II . o

The B i ble as
o f t he Chu r ch F or e xa m p l e i n 1
.

53 6 B u m e t t e l l s us , , ,

Pro mo in g
Re fo rma i o n
tt th t Cra n mer l ook ed on t he p utti n g o f t he B i b l e i n
a
“

th e p eop l e s h a n d s a s the mo s t e ffe ctu al mea n s for p ro

.

In t he B od l
e ani Li bra r y .
 A U TH OR I T V OF D U R E L S VE R S I ON
’
. 2 5

m o ti n g t he R e fo r m a t i o n 3 th er e for e m ov e d th a t the k i n g m i gh t
an d

A t c o u r t i t wa s s a i d th a t n o th i n g w o u l d m a k e
”
gi v e o r d e r fo r i t
“
.

t he d i ffer e n c e b e tw e en t he Po p e s p o w e r a n d t he K i n g s S u p r e m a cy
’ '

a p p e a r m or e e m i n e n t l y th a n i f t he o n e ga v e t he p e o p l e the fr e e u s e

o f t he W o r d o f G o d 3 wh er ea s t he o th e r ha d k e p t th e m i n d ar k n es s

a n d r u l e d th e m b y a b l i n d ob ed i e n c e The k i n g ga v e
.

Ki n g s o rd e r
’
.

o r d e r for s e tt i n g a b o u t th i s w i th a ll p o s s i b l e h a s t e 3 a n d

w i th i n th r e e y ears the i m p r e s s i o n of i t was fi n i s h e d ”

.

O th er i n j u n c t i o n s w i th r e fer e n c e t o t he E n gl i s h t r a n s l a t i o n o f
t he B i b l e w e r e i s s u e d i n t he r ei gn s o f H e n r y V I I I a n d
O t he r r o y a l
.

E d w ar d V I u n t i l i n 1 6 0 4 by v i r tu e o f t he R o y a l i nju n c ti o n s
.
, , .

Su p r e m a cy J a m e s I c o m m i s s i on e d fi fty fo u r l e a r n e d
,
.
-

m e n o f the U n i v e r s i t i e s a n d o th er p l a c e s t o m a k e a
n e w a n d m or e fa i th fu l t ra n s l a t i o n o f th e B i b l e a cc o r d i n
g
t o r u l e s wh i ch he h i m s e l f p res c r i b e d T h i s tr a n s l a t i o n wa s p u b
.

li s he d i n 1 6 1 1 I t i s t he o n e n ow i n u s e Si n c e th a t
. .

Au t ho r i z e d
t i m e th e r e ha s b een n o a uth o ri z e d t ra n s l a t i o n o f a n y Ve rs i o n .

ar t o f t h e s a c r e d v o l u m e i n t o the E n gl i s h l a n gu a ge
p .

On the t i tl e -p a ge i t i s s a i d t o b e B y hi s Maj e s ty s s p e c i a l c o m
’

In t he De d i c a t i o n t o t he K i n g by the t ra n s l a t ors t he
”
m an d .
,

s o v e r e i gn i s a ck n ow l e d ge d a s the p r i n c i p a l Mo v e r a n d A u t h or o f
“

t he w or k . T h r ou gh t he w i d e w or l d i t i s r e c o gn i z ed a s the Au t h or
a n d Du r e l s t ra n s l a t i on o f t he Pra y er B o o k ha s
” ’

i z e d V er s i on 3 I

p r e c i s e l y the sa m e s a n ct i o n i n the a uth o r i ty wh i ch i t d e ri v e d fr o m the

Su p r em e H e a d o f the C h u r ch o f E n gla n d .

W e m a y n e x t r e m a r k t he gro wth o f ou r E n gl i s h Li tu rgy

u n d er r oy a l p a t r o n age a n d p r o t e ct i on U n d er t he G ro wt h 0 ‘
'

E n g l i s h Li t
Pa p a l Su p r em a cy t he s er v i c e s w e r e p er for m ed i n La t i n u rgy u n d e r .

Ro
U n d er the R ega l Su p r e m a cy t he E n gl i s h Pra y e r B o o k fi ic f i
‘ p re '

has b e en b r ou ght t o i t s p r e s e n t s t a t e In 1 5 3 5 ca m e
.

o u t Ma r s h a l l s Pr i m e r Two y e a r s l a t e r a p p ea r e d The G od ly a n d
’
.

Pi o u s I n s t i tut i on o f a C h r i s t i a n Ma n wh i ch wa s t e
”
,
The Pri me rs .

p u b l i s h e d w i th c o r re ct i o n s i n 1 5 4 0 a n d 1 5 4 3
, ,
In .

Sc : A p p B , . p . 2 9 .
,6 H IS TORI CA L .

153 9 t h is
w a s fo l l o w e d b y B is h op H i ls e y s Pr i m e r, wh i ch wa s to
’

t e a ch the p eop l e t h a t the k i ng wa s t he s u p re m e h ea d i mm e d i a t el y

u n d e r Go d o f the s p i ri t ua lt y a n d t e m p o ra l t y o f the C hu r ch o f '

In 1 5 4 5 ca m e ou t The Pr i m er s et fo r t h b y t he K i n g s
'

E n gl a n d
”
.

Maj e s t y a n d hi s C l ergy to b e tau ght l ea rn e d a n d r ea d 3 a n d n on e

, , , ,

o t h e r to b e u s e d t h r o u gh o ut a ll hi s d o m i n i o n s
”
In 1 5 4 7 t he fi r s t .
,

y e a r o f the re ign of E d war d V I Ar ch b i s h o p Cra n m e r B i s h o p .

, ,

R i d l e y a n d s e v era l o th e r b i s h op s a n d d i v i n es w er e c o m m i s s i o n e d
,

b y t he k i n g i n c ou n c i l t o c o m p i l e a l i tu rgy i n the E n gl i s h l a n gu age ,

free fro m t he er ron e ou s d o ct ri n es b y wh i ch the La t i n l i tu rgi es o f the

Chu rch wh i l e u n refor m e d ha d be en d i s t i n gu i s h e d .

The fi rs t Pr a y er B oo k o f E d wa r d V I was a cc o rd i n gl y .

p ubl is hed i n 1 5 49 H i s s ec o n d Pra y er B o o k fo ll o w e d

.

Pra y e r B o k s i n 1
o
5 5 2 U p o n t he a cc es s i on o f E l iz a b e th s e v era l
.

o f E d VI
,
. .

l e a rn ed d i vm es h ea d ed b y Ar ch b i s h op Pa rk e r w ere
, ,

a p p o i n t e d t o m a k e a n o th e r r e v i e w o f K i n E d w '

ard s
Pra ye r B oo k g
o u ee n L i tu rgi es H er E n gl i s h Pr a y e r B oo k wa s p u b l i s h ed i n
.

E hza b e th '

5 5 9 t he Li ta n y a n d Su ffrage s “
1 , h a v i n g a p p e a re d i n
t he p re v i ou s y e ar In 1 5 6 0 fo l l ow e d he r La t i n Pra y e r B o o k o f
.
“
,

w h i ch H a d d o n i s s u p p o s e d to h a ve b ee n the ed i t o r .

Aft er the C o n fe r e n c e at H a m p t on C o u r t , i n
fi rs t y ea r o f t he
a m es b e twee n t he k i n g w i th Ar ch b i s h o Wh i t i ft
p g ,

a n d o t h er b i s h o s a n d d i v i n es
p a n d t he Pu r i ta n s a fe w , ,

fu r th er al t e ra t i o n s w ere i n t ro d uc ed T h i s b r i n gs u s t o the .

i
t em of C h a r l es I I a n d of Dure l wh en a s we fi n d i n
; t he Pr e fa c e
.

to the E n l i s h Pra y er B o o k
gre a t i m o rtu n i t i e s w e r e
“
g
Pra ye r Boo k U SC( 1 to , p
Maj e s ty th a t the s a i d B o o k m i gh t
H 15 Sa c re d
.

o f C ha r les I L ,

t t
E x ra c fr o m be r e v ise d a n d s uch Al t e ra t i o n s , th er ei n a n d Ad d i t i o n s
th e reu n t o ma d e a s s h ou l d b e th o u h t r e qu i s i t e f r
g , o t he
e a s e o f t e n d e r C on s c i
e n c e s : wh er e u n t o H i s
Maj e s ty o u t o f hi s
p i o u s i n cl i n a t i o n t o gi v e s a t i s fa ct i o n s o fa r a s
,

( c o ul d b e r ea s on a b ly
e x e c t ed
p ) to a ll hi s s u bj ect s o f wh a t e rs u a s i on s o d id i
p v
e e r,
gra c
Proc t o r , Co mmo n Pr a e r , p i 6 y
y y
. .

C Li t Se r i c es , Q u e e n E iz a b e t
l a , .
v h, l p . 1. Pa rke r So c ie t , 1 847 .
 A U TH OR I T Y OF D U RE L S ’
VE R SI ON . 2 7

o u s ly c o n d es c e n d . As a r es u l t a n d p r o o f o f h i s a cqu i es c e n c e ,

C h a r l e s I I i s s u e d a c om m i s s i o n t o e m p o w e r t w e l v e
.

R o ya l C o m
b i s h o p s a m o n g wh o m wa s B i s h o p C o s m Du r el s fr i e n d m i s s i o n fo r
’

, ,

S
p a t r o n a n d t he s a m e n u m b er o f Pr e s b yt e ri a n fi gn g g
n
an d
'

d i vi n es to c o n s u l t t oge th er u p on o th e r a n d fu r th e r a l t er
Cos in
a ti o n s Am o n g t he c o a d j ut o r s o n t he E p i s c o p a l s i d e
.

w er e Dr E a r l e d ea n o f W e s t m i n s t e r a n d Dr P e i rs o n
E a r le a n d
.
, , .
,

who w er e a ft e r wa rd s c on n e ct e d w i th th e t ra n s l a t i on o f Pe i rs o n .

t he Pr a y e r B o o k i n t o La t i n . Ar ch b i s h o p Sa n c r o ft a l s o
Sa n c r o ft
,
.

t o wh os e c r i t i c i s m Du r e l s u b m i t t e d t he La t i n v e r s i o n ,

was o ffi c i a ll y c o n n e ct e d w i th m a n y o f t he s ugges t i on s a n d i m p ro v e
m e n t s a d o p t e d i n the E n gl i s h b oo k The k i n g s c o m m i s s i o n ga v e
’

t he a b o v e m e n t i o n e d b i s h o p s a n d d i v i n e s t he p o we r t o c o mp ar e
- “

t he C o m m o n Pra y e r B o o k w i t h t h e m o s t a n c i e n t Li tu rgi e s
Te r m s o f
th a t ha d b e e n u s e d i n t he C h u r ch i n t he m o s t p ri m i t i v e C o m m i s s i o n
'

a n d p u r e s t t i m es 3 a n d r e qu i r e d th e m t o a v oi d a s
“

m u ch a s p o s s i b l e a ll u n n e c e s s a r y a l t e r a t i o n s o f the F or m s a n d Li t u rgy
wh ere w i t h t he p e op l e w e r e a lt oge t h e r a cqu a i n t e d a n d ha d s o l o n g
r e c e i v e d i n t he C hu r ch o f E n l a n d l t
”
g . S u b s e qu e n t y a s th
,
e r e s ul o f
t h i s r ega l p o we r a n d m o t i o n the Li tu rgy wa s b ro u ght b y th o s e wh o s e
,

s e r v i c es t he k i n
g e m p l o y e d fo r the p u rp o s e t o th a t s t a t e i n wh i ch i t
n o w s ta n d s 3 t he R o y a l Su p r e m a cy b e i n g e x e r c i s e d t o s e cu r e a ccu r a cy

i n t he p u b l i c a t i o n B y th a t s u p r e m a cy a l s o t he Ps a l m o d y o f t he
.

C hu r ch o f E n gl a n d wa s a ll o we d a n d c o n t r o l l e d fr o m the R efo rm a t i o n .

R e tu r n i n g n o w t o t he La t i n Pra y er B oo k we s e e th a t the a ll o w
,

a n c e fo r i t s u s e s r a n
p g fr o m t he P a r l i a m en t a n d t he
,

C o n n ec t i o n
r v i i
p o s o n for i ts p re p a o a r t i n fro m t he K i n g A s i n t h e
o f t he s u p r e
.

c a s e o f the B i b l e i n t he v u l ga r t on gu e a n d o f the m a cy w i t h the

,

Lat i n
Li tu r gy i n the v ul ga r t o n gu e s o b y r ega l a uth o r i ty
, Pra y er B o o k
,
.

s an ct i o n ,
a n d c a r e Du r e l p r e p a r e d fo r t he u s e o f t he
C hu r ch hi s La t i n t ra n s l a t i on o f the B o o k o f C o m m o n Pra y e r 3 a n d
c o n s i s t e n t l y a n d l o y a l l y i n a t on e s i mi l a r to th a t a d o p t e d by the l a s t
,

t r a n s l a t ors o f the B i b l e he d e d i ca t e d hi s w ork to the Sov ere ign o f

,

t he R eal m t he Su p re m e H ea d o f the C hu r ch o f E ngl a n d

,
.
2 8 H IS TORICA L .

W e re i t n e c es s ary to d e t e r m in e m or e e x a ctl y the p os i t i o n wh i ch

Li tu rgia , we s h ou l d
”
Dr Du re l
.
ccu p i ed t o ward s the
o

sa y t h a t h e r e p re s e n t e d t h e K i n g as E a ,
r l e Pe ir s o n a n d, ,

Dolb e n r e p r e s e n t e d t h e C o n v o ca t i o n 3 a n d t h e p o s t thu s

as s ign e d to h i m w as s i m i l ar t o th a t h e l d b y t h e re v i s e r o r r e vi s e rs o f

h
t e A r t i cl e s i n Q u ee n E l iz a b e t h s t
’
i m e w h o ,
a cc o m p li s h e d t he fi n al

w u h d d w h i t i u d i t r o d uc e d b y
re vi e n de o s e n
r e r o r e rs ,
a n o as ,
s s pp ,

he r ro ya l c o mma n d the fi rs t c l a u s e o f the Art i c l e e n t i t l e d O f the ,

Au t h o ri t y o f t he C hu r ch .

We m u s t t i c e the a p p ro v a l wh i ch Dur el s
'

no w p roc eed b ri e fly to no

l a b our s o b tai n ed i n the e y es o f th e ki n g a n d the r e war d s ,

wh i ch w ere c o n fe rr e d b y the r o y a l h a n d u p on hi m At .

ro y a l fa vo u r t he c l o s e o f 1 6 6 h w ut ti n t he l as t t o u ch es t o
9 as e as p g
a ft e r the
,

pre pa ra t i on hi s tra n s l a ti on the C h an c e l l or o f O x ford s p e a k s as we

, ,

tg
l a l ty fi d e li ty a n d
g
h
a v e s e e n i n h i h t e rm s o f Du r e l s
Lf
i
’

r a
h
.
, g
“
o y , ,

The k i n g d i d n o t p ro v e h i m s e l f
”
s er v i c e to hi s m aj e s t y .

u n m i n d fu l o f or u n gr a t efu l for hi s s ervi c e s O n t he c o n t ra ry i n .

,

1 6 7 7 Dur el was a p p o i n t e d b y re ga l a uth o ri ty t o t he d e a n e r y o f

W i n d s or a n d o f Wol v erh a m p t on ; a n d p a r tl y th ro u gh t he ki n g s
, ,
'

i n flu e n ce to the ri ch l i vi n g o f W i t n e y n ea r Ox fo rd
, , A n d m o reo v e r .
, ,

we h a v e the o p i n i on of hi s c o t e m p o ra r y Wo o d th a t ha d hi s ca r ee r ,

n o t be en cut s h o rt b
y d ea th i t w o u l d h a v e b ee n c r o w n e d w i th p re
,

fe rm e n t t o a b i s h o p ri c Th i s s h o w s c on c l u s i v e l y th a t for t he
.
,

t h ir t ee n y ea rs in t er ve n i n g b etwee n the p u b l i ca t i on of his La t in Pra y e r

B oo k a n d his d e c eas e hi s v ers i on wa s c on s i d e re d a oo d a n d s o u n d
, g
t ran s l a ti on by the Su p re me H ea d a n d b y o t h e rs who o ccu p ie d
,

p o s i t ion s o f h igh a uth or i t y i n the E n gl i s h C hu r ch .

 HI S TOR I C/LL .

t i l th t a e x e rc i s e c u
l m i n a t ed ,
so
ag ai n , un

the t
Au ho ri z ed
V e rs i o n of 16 1 1 .
ru ed , in
th m tt
i n t he t Tr a n s l a t o rs
’

Let loo k at t he e vid e n ce . F i rs t ,

w e ha ve es e s a e e n s

us f 16 1 1
ha t w i ll b ri n g h i m m o re t ru e

wo rk e a p p ro ue
ld hey t t t ha ha ue b e e n e s e t , a

t m ore ,
h t he l t hi s S ain s
o n ou r
d i e n c e to G od , a n d o u e o

su preme au th ty or i t o t he Ki n g i n
t ti n g was k
t l t
ra n s a o rs a s o
sa y l in t he i r Pre fa c e h a t h e
t
The
o rd e r i t o i n g t o t h ew P u ri a n s ,

s u b s c ri b e t o th e
C o m m u n i o n b o o e, k s i n ce it

ed h i c h w
,
as w
as h ey s a i d , t a m os t
vi s i o n of t he

c o r ru pted t rans a l ti on .
”

li i s hop s B ib l e, b u t
’
a ne w t ra n s la t i o n ca u

w i h
t t h e B i s h o p s
’
B i b l e .

The q u es i o n h t e h e r i tw t
w a s a n e w
t r a n s l a to rs i n h e i r p t
r e fa c e i n a n o h e r p a r T h ey t t .

t
b e fo re hem , t ru e ly i t w as t h e H e b r e w ex o f th e t t
N w
”
A f r q u o i ng t A u g u s i n t
e a n d H i e ro m e , t
t
t
h e e .

t
hes e o g
e

ht e n h e t
n c e s ho u l d a T rw
a n s l a i o n b e mad e, t
ri ed b y n u es

t
,

tb f h m t h ey e ll u s t o r a n s l a t
e b e i ng
t t t t
t
,

So hey se t hes e n u e s e o r e e ,
he m ?
” o g ,

e s an d
t
t he o n gu es he re i n G
w o d w as pl e ase d t o s p e a e t o hi s C hu r c h b y h i s P r o
p h k t
Apos tl es
”

t wi s e ti m
w t th i w k t t k t
.

s eu e n es
h
o ve r y y
aga i n
; h e oo e sa y,
e r or
t t
,
They en
l
s e u e n t i e t wo d a ye s an d m o re f th or w k ; th y e or e con su lt ed the r a n s a o rs or

w y k L t i Sp a n i s h , F r e n c h , It a lia n
tt C ha l d ee , H eb re i G ,
S r an , re e a n,
c o m me n a o rs , , ,

d D t h
an u c .

th or i z e r o f th e w k
S th t t w thi t th t t or
o n gs a re c ea r l ; fi rs ,
a the o ri g i na o r a n d a u
o a

wa s t he Ki n g 3 an d se co n d ly .
th t i t w
a as a n e w Tra n s l a t i o n .

So La n d s
V is i ta
’ t i o n A r t i c l es i n 1 6 2 2 ,
l
a n d 1 6 2 8, r eq it t u re a B ib l e
“
of t he a es

ed i t i o n to b e p r o v i d e d .

An d w e s ee t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e w o r k w h i c h ob t a i n e d h a l f a c e n
t u r
y a ft e r t he

work was fi n i s hed b y the r emar k ab l e fac t t ha t the P t u r i a n d i v i n e s a t th e S a oy

v
C o n fe r e n c e
w h en
t h e y u r g ed t ha t t he E p i s t l e s an d G o s p e l s i n t h e P r a y e r B oo
k
t k o f A D 1 6 1 1 s po k e t t
,

l f m t h v i o n o f i t a s t h e n e w r a n s
l a io n “

ho u d b e a e n r o e e rs . .
,
s

ll
a o w e d b y a u t h o r i t y ( C a r d w e ll s C o n fere n ces p ’
,
”
.
 PAR T II .

C R I T I CA L A N D E X E G E T I C A L
.
 C H A PTE R I .

E DI T I O NS O F T H E L I T U R G I A, A N D O TH E R V E R S I O NS .

Of t ra n s a l ti on s, t he be tt er I ac k wlno ed ge th t whi
a c h co me ht n ea r e r to t he
v ery l ett e r o f the ve ry o r i gi n a l v er i t y .
”
—
H O0K E R .

HE fi rs t Du rel s La t i n Pra y e r B o o k wa s p u b l i s h e d i n
ed i t i on of
’

1 6 7 0, a n d t he b o o k i s n o wo f n o o r d i n a r y r a r i ty A c op y o f t he .

t i t l e p a ge
—
th i s w or k : w i th o ut
for m s t he fr on t i s p i e c e of

fl
S or
p ro fes s i n g to b e a fa c s i m i l e i t i s a c l os e a n d e x a ct i m i t a ,
agf gs i
t i o n The Pra y e r B oo k i s e xc e ll e n t l y p r i n t e d a n d we fi n d Lit u rgi a
ti tl e o f
.
,

e‘
1 and j an d
“
u a n d v a cco r d i n g t o the m o d e rn E d 1 5 7 0
,
11 “ “
, . ,

m od e o f u s e I t w i ll b ear fa v o u r a b l e c om p a ri s on w i th
.

a n y b oo k o f t he s e v e n t e e n th c en tu r y th a t we h a v e s ee n , a l m o s t

t he o n l y d i ffer e n c e fro m m o d e rn ty p e b ei n g t he a n c i e n t fo r m o f

The ty p e o f the C a t e ch i s m i s s i m i l a r to th a t o f ou r r ep r i n t
“ ”
s .
.

We h a v e e x a m i n ed co p i es of th i s e d i t i o n i n t he B od l e i a n Li b ra r y
a t O x fo r d
( ro m wh i ch c op y the t e xt o f t he Ca t e ch i s m
f
i s t a k e n ) t he U n i v er s i ty Li b r a ry a t C a m b r i d ge t he
, ,

B r i t i s h Mu s e u m a n d the C a th ed ra l Li br a r y a t Nor w i ch
,
.

U n for tu n a t e l y t he C a t e chi s m i s t orn o u t o f t he Nor w i ch c o p y .

The r e m o v a l o f v a l u ab l e t e s t i m on y wh i ch b ea r s u p on
Mut i l at i on
r el i gi o u s
.

c o n t r ov e rs y i s s a d t o sa y n o t u n c o mm o n ; , ,
‘

a n d i m p a r t i a l s tu d e n t s o f t r uth c a n n o t b e t o o gr a t e fu l for a Li b ra r y

E g F rom a l e tt e r of p y
Alfr i c u s , a r c hbi s ho of Ca n t e r b u r ( e n d o f t e n t h c e n t u r ) , i n B e n n e t t y
y w
. .

ll ll p p
C o e g e Li b r a r , t h e fo o i n g i m p o rt a n t a s s a g e o p o s e d t o T r a n s u b s t a n t i a t i o n ha s b e e n e r a s e d
y y
.

F o rt u n a t e l , i t r e ma i n s i n a n ot he r co p No n fi t ta m e n hoc sa c r i fi c i u m co rp u s ej u s i n q u o
p a s s u s es t p r o n o b i s , n e c s a n g u i s ej u s q u e m p r o n ob i s e fi u d i t : se d s p i r i t u a li te r c o r p u s ej u s e ffi c i t u r
'

e t s a n gu i s ( L x ii Ye t t hi s s a c r i fi c e d o es n o t b ec o me hi s b o d y
i n whi c h he s u ff e r e d fo r
ll y y
. .

s
u , n o r hi s b l
oo d whi c h he s he d for u s b u t i s s p i r i t ua ma d e hi s bod a n d b oo d
”
l .
34 CR I TICA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

l i ke t h a tin the B ri is M s e
t h u u m wh e r e s uch u n r e m
,
i tt e d d i l i ge n c e i s

l y
d i s p a e d i n the o e c ll c t i o n an d p r e s e r v a t i o n o f d o cu m e n ta ry e v i d e n c e .

I t is i n te res t i n g t o ob s e v e th a t t he form e r o w n e r o f t h i s No rw i ch
r

c op y has fi l l e d i n the i n i t ia l s s u b s c r ib i n g t he d e d i ca t i o n thu s

J oan —

D ll t h is ow n e r was e v i d e n t ly a c o t e m p o ra ry a s t he MS d a t e i s
ure : ,
.

1 6 7 3 th re e y ea rs a ft e r the p u b l i ca t i o n o f the b oo k
,
The B o d l e ia n .

c o p y i s e s p e c ia l l y i n t eres t i g as i t wa s p r es e n t e d b y Dr n ,
.

Du re l h i m s el f t o Dr B a r l o w a n d th i s fa ct i s r e c o r d e d
.
,

o n t he t i tl e p age i n t he h a n d w r i t i n g o f t he l a tt e r ( s e e
-

Pa rt I ch 2 p . .
,
.

Wi t h rega rd to t he t i t l e i t s e l f i t s h o u l d be n o t e d th a t i n a ll p r e v i o u s
La t i n Pra y er B o o ks we fi n d
”
C om m u n i u m
”
Pu b li car u m “ “
n ot , ,

wh e r eas Du re l s w o rd C om mu n i u m i s r e ta i n e d e v e n
”
’
“

b y H ar woo d a n d s o u p t o a c o m p ara t i v e l y l a t e d a t e
,
.

In the t i tl e of the Ac t o f U n i form i ty 1 E l i z we h a v e ,

.
,

Co mmo n Pr a y e r a n d i n t he t i tl e of t he Ac t o f U n i form i t y 1 4
, ,

Pu b l i ck Pra y ers 3 b u t i n t he bo d y o f th a t Ac t C o m m o n
”
C ar I I “
.

Pra y e rs U p on p eru s i n g b o th Act s i t a p p ea r s th a t

. Pu b l i ck
Pra yers had c o m e t o m ea n n o t Op e n Pra y ers wh i ch wa s a
,
“
,

ge n e ra l t erm for an y p ra y e r s f or othe r to com e u n to or hea r ei ther , ,

i n Common Chu r ches or p r i va te Chapp els ,

”
etc b u t the o rd i n ar y s e r ,
.
,

v i ces of Morn i n g a n d E ve n i n g Pra y er T h a t the t erm d i d n ot i n c l u d e .

a ll t he s e rvi c e s o f the Chu r ch i s s e e n fr o m t he t i t l e o f 1

4 Ca r .

P u bli ch P r ay er s , and A d mi n i s tr a ti on
f Sa cr a men ts a n d other R i tes o ,

s o th a t i t was
p ra c t i c a l ly e qu i v a l e n t t o
a n d Cer emon i es ;
C om m o n
Gyfi re d m i n t he t i tl e o f the We l s h B oo k
”
Pra ye r i n t he s e n s e o f
,
,

t h a t is Ord i n a ry Pra y er as o p p o s e d t o t he s p e c i a l s erv i c e s B u t

,
“ ”

s uch i s n o t t he u s e o f the La t i n w or d P u b li caru m a t a ll

No t sa m e ,

Pu b l i e v e n t s i n the ti tl e o f
Q u e en E li za b e th s La t i n Pra y e r B o o k ’
as .

,
“ mm
for th e re we h a ve Li b er Pr ec u m PVB LIC A R VM SE V
,
,

m i n is te ri j Ec c les ias ti c a d m in i s t ra t i o n i s Sa c ra m e n to ru m , a li orfi

'

e q;
i t u ti , ”
; wh i ch that i n cl u d ed
’

t e tc s h w “
Pu b li ca ru m ”
ven
o s e t he
.

a d m n s tra i i ti on o f t he Sa cra m e n t s . Wh e n th er efo r e Dur el ha d t o

t ra n s la t e The B ooh o
f Com mon P r ay er , A n d [n o t or
] A d m i n i s t r a ti on
 E DI TI ONS A ND C OL LA TI ON S .
35

of the Sa cr a men ts and other R i tes , c ou l d n o t s a y, Pr e c u m

Pu b li c a r u m ,
”
wh i ch w o u l d h a v e i n c l u d ed a ll t he t b u t wa s o b l i ge d
r es ,

t o u se t he e x p res s i on Pr e c u m C o mm u n i u m ,
”
wh i ch wa s a t erm o f
l i mi t e d i m p or t .

T he s a me p re c i s i o n o f l a n gu age fr om u n d u e c op y i n g
an d fr e e d o m
o f p re v i o u s Pr a y er B ook s i s v e ry n o t e w o r thy i n B u r e l .

Pr ec i s i o n o f
H i s 15 n ot a r e v i s e d b u t a n ew v er s i o n ; a t r a n s l a t i o n
, Du m p s ,

n ot a c o m p i l a t i o n 3 a n d n o t o n l y a t r a n s l a t i o n b u t a n
v e r s i on '

Ma n y ma r k s o f i n d ep e n d e n c e w i ll b e
t rah
i n t er p r e t a ti on
s iiii id
.
‘
n .

o i n t e d o u t i n t he n o t e s o n t h e C a t e ch i s m b u t o n e m a
p y ,

b e m e n t i o n e d h er e i n o u r E n gl i s h B o o k a t the e n d o f The Or d er ,

how the Ps a lter i s app oi n ted to be r ea d th er e i s a n o t e th a t th e

,
“

Ps a lt er fo ll o w e th the Di vi s i o n o f t he H e b r e w s a n d t he Tr a n s l a t io n ,

o f t he gr ea t E n gl i s h B i b l e e t c 3 a t th i s p l a c e i n Du r e l s
”
Li tu rgi a
’
.
,

t he fo ll ow i n g n o t e i s a d d e d H oe i n tellzgi tu r d c
Sp ec i a l o r d e r
P s a lter i o i n E d i ti on e A ngli ca n a Li t u rg i w; Na m i n ha c
for Ps a l t e r .

L a ti n a E d i ti on e s eq u u ti s u m u s
, Vu lga ta m L a ti n or u nz
V s i m m d m d m i E i li 6 E l m
va g i s i e Thi s i s “
er on e g,
u e a o u n
p s to s 9 n e
°
, . .
,

u n d er s t o o d o f the Ps a l t e r i n the E n gl i s h E d i t i o n o f t he Li tu rgy 3 F or

i n th i s La t i n E d i t i on we h a v e fo ll o w e d [n o t e n ot s eq u u t u s s u m ”
, , ,

i n the s i n gu l a r 3 i t i s d i ffi cu l t t o s ay wh e th e r we m a y r e fer t o
“ ”

t he k i n g or t o Du r e l a n d t he o th er t ra n s l a t o r s ] t he La t i n V ul ga t e
,

V e r s i o n j u s t a s i n the E p i s t l es a n d G o s p el s
,
”
.

T h e re i s a s m a ll e r e d i t i o n p u b l i s h e d a t t he s a m e Sa m Mearn e s
’
,

K i n g s B ook s e ll er a n d d a t e d MDCLXXX a c op y i s i n
’
.
,
E d 1 6 80
t he B r i t i s h Mu s e u m wh e r e we h a v e s ee n i t a n d c o ll a t e d
. .

, ,

i t o n the m os t i m p or t a n t p a s s a ges In th i s a n d s u b s e qu en t ed i t i on s
.

t he De d i c a t i on i s om i tt e d .

The n e xt c o p y we h a v e fu ll y c o l l a t e d i s th a t o f 1 6 8 5 T h e re i s .

o n e i n t he B o d l e i a n Li b r ar y a n d we h a v e a l s o ha d a cc e s s
,
E d 1 6 85
t o t wo i n p ri v a t e h a n d s I t ha s v er b a t i m the s a m e ti t l e
. .

1
.
, ,

a s t he fi r s t e d i t i o n o f 1 6 7 0 w i th ch a n ge s i n t h e fo r m a t i o n o f l e tt e r s
, ,

O ne o f th l t te av y ki d ly l t t
er , er b y th R
n J O B k h f ti p i
en o us e ev .
p t r oo as a ron s ece re res e n

b t wh t h k h b b d
. .
,

i g Ch l
n a r es II b t w u i li d t d
e a re nc ne t hi b l o g t th b
ou e er s e on s o e oo or as ee n ou n

p i mi t k thi p y igi ll y b l g d t o W i lli m Pi tt Th th h f t i pi

,

u n s a e s co or na e on e a . e o er as n o r on s e ce .

4 .
 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L
36
.

i t be i n g, l ik e t he e di t i o n o f 1 6 8 0, a s m a e r ll b oo k . The i m p r i n t i s

d i ffere n t :
“
L ONDINI , Ap u d C AR . ME AR NE , B i b li o p ola m R egi u m
M
”
ad I n s i gn ia R eg i o e C h a fi n g C r o s s D C L-x x x v T h e c o p y
a p p
r . .

i n the B od l e ia n h a s a fro n t is p i e c e o f an an ge l b r i n gi n g fr o m h ea v e n

a s c ro l l w,
i t h L I T U R G I A E c c m s m a A N G LICA N IE i n s c ri b e d u p on i t 3

u n d e rn ea th i s Ap ud Ca rolu m Mea r n e B i bli op ola m R egi a m a d I n

,
“

s g
i n i a R eg i a
p p
ro e C h a ri n g C r os s e i 6 8 5 I t w i ll b e n o t i c e d th a t
.

t he Ki n g s B o o k se ll er was s t i ll on e o f the fam i l y o f Mea rn e

’
.

We a ls o hav e i n our own li brary a c op y o f the ed i ti o n o f 1 6 8 7 .

The fr on ti s p i e c e is p r e c i s e l y t he s a m e a s th a t o f 1 6 8 5 ,
E d 168 7
i n fa ct the sa m e d a t e i 6 85 The t i t l e
. .
“
a n d b e a rs , , ,
.

p g a e i s p ri n t e d f ro m t h e s a m e typ e e xc e p t i n g t he i mp ri n t,
L O I V ,
“

D IN] Ap u d H en r icu m B onwi ch a d i n s i gn e Le o n i s r u b ri i n

, ,

Coem e teri o D P a u li . MDCLXXX V 11 3 an d the wh o l e b o o k i s w or d

.
”

by w ord an d l e tt er b y l e tt er t he sa m e e v e n to t he b i n d er s m ar k s
’
, ,

e xc e p t th a t Ca ro lu s i s ch an ge d to J a c ob u s a n d th e re i s t he r e qu i s i t e ,

a lt e ra t i o n i n t he p ra y e r for t he R o y a l F a m i ly The d ea th o f C h a r l es .

I I an d t he a cc ess i on o f J am es I I ren d er ed t he rep ri n t o f the La t i n

. .

Pra y er B oo k n e c ess ar y ; b u t u p o n co m p ari n g the e d i t i o n o f 1 6 8 7

wi t h t h at o f 1 6 8 5 we fi n d s u ffi c i en t p roof th a t t he form o f 1 6 85 wa s
,

n ot b r ok e n u p an d th a t t he e d i t i o n o f 1 6 8
, 7 wa s p r i n t e d fr om th a t
fo rm . All t he mis p ri n ts o f 1 6 8 5 ar e r e ta in e d i n th a t of 1 6 8 7 th o u gh ,

t h es e are i n d eed w on d erfu ll y few

, , .

The t i tl e p age o f the ed i ti o n o f 1 6 9 6 i s the sa m e v erb a t i m e xc e t

-
p ,

t he i mp r i n t wh i ch r u n s : , L ONDI NI E xcu d eb a t E “
.
,
E d 1696
. .

y an es Imp e n s i s A Swa ll , I ! Childe a d i n s i gn e

.
,

Mon oc erot is in Coemeteri o D Pa u li MDC XCVI . I t has the s a m e

, .

e n gra v i n
g fo r a fro n t is p i e c e a s t he e d i t i o n s o f 1 6 8 5 a n d 1 6 8 7 b u t ,

i t i s n o w sa i d to be I I/tp e ns i s Ab eli s Swa ll

,
“
e tc an d i s d a t e d , .
,
“
MDCXCVI A cop y o f th i s e d i ti on we h a v e i n s e ct e d i n the
p
.

B o d l eia n We h a v e a l s o s e e n a n o th er ed i t i on o f the
.

i p la c e o f
i mp r i n t i n s i gn e MDC X CV I
“
, n ad ”
is
Pr ostan t ap u d
y a cobu m K n a ton
p ad i ns ign e Co ron ae i n C oem e t eri o
33 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E G E TI CA L .

CAS TE LLI ONIS Ve rs i on e m . Ed i t i o a l t era r o ri

p i l on ge e men d a
t ior . L OND INI : Ap u d R .
f7 . B on wi che, y
r
. B . Sp r i n t,

Toahe, AI A thi ns , I? Va r /1a m 7

: Os bor n e MDCCX J II ”
B en j . . .
.
.

The fro n ti s p i ec e r e p es e n t s a co n gr ega ti on a t p ra y er w i th t he m i n i s

r ,

te r a n d t h e c l e r k a t th e ir d e s k s U n d e r t h e e n gr a v i n
g i s “ A g i t e . , ,

v e n e re m u r s u p p l i ce s flexi s a n t e Dom i n u m C rea t or e m n os t r u m

,

The b oo k i s d e d i ca t ed t o D G li elm o °°
e n ib u s P SAL xcv 6 u
g . . .
.

D wes b i s h op o f C h es t er s h owi n g th a t i t i s n o l on ger a r ep ri n t o f

a , ,

t he a u t h or i z e d v e rs i o n o f Dur e l b u t a p r i v a t e w o r k ,
.

T he e d i t i o n o f 1 7 6 ha s the s a m e ti tl e a n d fro n ti s p i e c e b u t we
1 ,

h a v e B Toohe for B enj Toohe M A thi n s ha s d r op p e d

. .
,
Ed 7 6 1 1
th ere a re a l s o d i ffe r en c es
. .

o u t a n d t he d a t e i s ,
1 7 16

i n the for m o f l e tt er s .

Th e e i s a n o t h er ed i t i on in the B od l e i a n w i t h the s a m e fro n t i s

r

p i e c e an d t he s a m e t i t l e w i th d i ffe r e n t for m o f l e tt er s ;
,

b u t i n p l ac e of E d i t i o a l t era we h a v e Ed i t i o“ ” “
etc , ,

qu in t a p ri ori b us l on ge eme n d a ti or a n d the i m p r i n t is ,

”
,

L U ND INI Typ i s G B OW Y E R Imp e n s is J J , P .

, . . .

s vr o n J J OSB OR N 81 T LONGMAN B MOT I E

‘
. . .
, , .
,

S B I R T T W AR D
.
,
E WIC K ST ED
. MDc c xx x n i . . .
”

The n ex t ed i t i o n i n the B od l e i a n i s 1 7 4 4 T he fr o n tis p i e c e i s .

.

aga i n t he sa m e an d the t i t l e a e a l s o i s r e c i s e ly th e -

Ed
p g ,p
7 44 1
s a m e a s t he e d i t i on o f 1 7 3 w i th the a l t e ra t i o n o f s ex to
. .

3 ,

fo r “
qu i n ta ”
and a fr es h im p r i n t “
L ONDIN I , Ty p i s G B
'

, . ozvy er ,

Im p e n s is J .
J . B on wrc x n , R . WA R E J , . P . KN APTO N, S B I R T, .

T LO NG MAN, C H I TC H , T OSB O R N,
. . .
E Wi c x s r cn MDcc x mv
. . .
”

The ne xt Pra yer B oo k wh i ch n ee d be r e mar k e d i s t he Li t u rgi a ,

s eu Li b e r Pr ec u m Co mm u n i u m , ” etc by E d war d u s
”a m ood s
, .
,

S T . . P .
, who ( a cc ord in g t o t he ti t l e -
p a ge )
“
Han c e d i ti o n em rec e n s u i t e t a men d i s c o m p lu ri b u s
re
p u rga v i t .
I t is p rin ed
t i n Lon d on ,
“
Imp e n s i s G u li elm i B e n t ”
,

who i s ca ll e d i n H a rw ood s Pr e fa ce
'

“
Me u s ami cu s um mu s ”
, s .
 E DI TI ONS A ND C OLLA TI ON S .
39

l a t er o n e s ,
w ord s o ccu r i n t he C a t e ch i s m a cc o rd i n g t o t he
as man y
E d s o f 1 7 3 3 a n d 1 7 4 4 wh er e the l a n gu a ge ha d b e e n a l t er e d fro m
.
,

th a t o f 1 7 1 3 3 e g a d ep t o s . n ot .a d e p tu ro s ;
,
“ ”
c oll a t a n o t
”
,
“ “
,

c o l l o ca t a e tc Wi th a n e d i ti on o f 1 7 8 5 i n p r i v a t e h an d s we h a v e
”
,
.

c o mp a re d t he r e p ri n t o f 1 8 4 0 .

B e for e l ea v i n g the La t i n Pra y er B oo k s we m ay n o t i c e th r e e m od e r n ,

v e r s i on s F i rs t th a t p u b l i s h e d b y Me s s r s S B a gs te r
Mod e rn
. . .
,

a n d So n s In t he p re fa c e t o t he fi rs t e d i t i o n o f 1 8 2 1 i n
.
Pr a y e r

t he C he t ha m Li b ra r y Ma n ch e s t er th i s v e r s i o n i s s a i d t o
B OO k S '

, ,

b e n e l y a r ep i t o t e E d t o wh ch wa s fi rs t p u b (
g
’

f i i i
n
“
ar r n h n I r s

li s he d b y W B ore/y er i n 1 7 2 0 w i th s o m e a l t e ra t i o n s a n d
, ,

a d d i t i o n s b y t he p r ese n t E d i t or s o m e t i m e s ta k e n fro m t he Tr a n s ,

l a t i on b y Mr T h o m a s Pars e l the 4 th e d i t i on o f wh i ch wa s
.
,

p u bl is h e d i n 1 7 2 7 The C a t e ch i s m h o w e v e r a p p e a r s to b e v e ry
.
, ,

m u ch n ear er Dui el s v er s i on th a n Par s e l l s i f Pa rs ell s e d i t i o n s o f

’ ’ ’
,

ow er ) a n d 1 7 4 4 ( d i t t o ) w
1 7 13 17 16
,
173 3
( G ,
B y .wh i ch e h a ve ,

c o l l a t e d m ay b e t a k e n a s a n y i n d i ca t i o n T h e s e e d i t i on s a r e a ll
, .

v e r y d i ff ere n t from Du r e l s b e i n g a l m o s t p re c i s e l y the s a m e a s ’

,

H a r w o o d s v er s i o n
’
Mos t i f n ot a ll o f the d i ffer e n c es fro m Durel i n
.
, , ,

t he C a t e ch i s m o f B a gs t er s e d i t i on a r e gi v e n i n o u r n o t es o n t he
’

Ca t e ch i s m a n d i t w i ll b e s ee n th a t th e y a r e n o t n u m e r o u s th o u gh
, ,

i m p o r ta n t Th i s i s t he c a s e e v e n i n e d 1 86 6 fro m wh i c h ( a ft e r a
. .
,

c o l l a t i o n w i t h e d 1 83 4 ) ou r qu o ta t i o n s a re gi v e n , u n l e s s the c o n
.

t r a r y i s s t a t e d ; a n d t he e d o f 1 8 2 1 ( a s we fi n d b y a c o l l a t i o n .

m a d e s i n c e m o s t o f o u r n o t e s w e r e w r i tt e n ) i s p r e c i s e l y t he s a m e a s
'

e d 1 8 6 6 i n t he r e a d i n gs o f t he C a t e ch i s m w i t h t he e xc e p t i o n h o w
.
, ,

e v er ,
o f o n e m o s t i m p o r t a n t p a s s a ge wh i ch wa s s u b s e qu e n tly ,

a l t e r e d fr om Du r e l s w o r d s t o t he r e a d i n g o f Pa rs e ll s e a r l i e r e d i t i o n s
’ ’
.

Se c on d l y we fi n d a n e xc e ll e n t La t i n Pra y er B oo k
, Li b er Pr e c u m ,

Pu b li ca ru m e tc Lo n d i n i : Im p e n s i s J o a n n i s G u li e lm i
”
.
,

Pa r k er MDC CC X LVI I I
, T h i s i s fo u n d e d ch i e fly i f n o t
.
(
i er: , fl
wh o l ly o n the a uth ori z e d La t i n v e rs i o n s o f Q u e e n E l i z a
P2 3 13
1 1?
,

b ot h a n d o f C h a r l e s I I a n d th e s e t w o b oo k s . ,

a r e a ck n o w l e d ge d i n the p r e fa c e .

Se e n o t e on q u od n o b is d a t ur i n Ca t e c hi sm .
40 CR ITI CA L A ND E X E GE TICA L .

Las tl y ,
th e re i s the Li b e r Pre c u m Pu b li ca r u m E cc l es i ae An gli ca n ae,
b y the R ev s . W . B r ight , MA . .
, an d P . G . Me d d M A ,
. .

gz ffzfi
l s
’
R i v i n gt o n The c op y i n p o s s es s i o n [E d i ti o A ltera ]
'

ou r
i gi .

Me‘ld ’
s
i s d a ted In the p re fa c e i t i s s t a t e d th a t the
1 86 9 . Li b er
v e rs m m
Pr ec u m Pu bli ca r u m
”
o f 1 5 6 0 ha s n o t b ee n n e g e ct e d ; l
no on the o th e r uth ors th i n k p r op e r t o
han d ,
d id the a it fo ll o w
th ro ugh o u t qu i p p e q u i n ec p u b l i ca m E ccl e s i ae a u c to ri ta te m p r ae s e
,

fe rr e t u wh i ch w m u t m a r k th a t i t w a s a t a ll e v e n t s t he
( p
’
o n e s r e

v e ry b o ok s p e c i fica ll y or d e re d by Q u e en E l i z a be th the s u p r e m e ,

h e a d o f the E n gl i s h C hu r ch , to b e u s e d i n the c o ll e ge s o f Ca m
b r id ge e tc ) 3 a n d fu r th er
,
. nec n o v i s p o s t ea r e c e n s i o n i b u s fa ct i s
, , ,

Th i s l a s t i s a v a l i d r ea s on for
”
c u m h o d i e r n o Li b r o s a t i s c on s e n ti r e t .

n ot fo ll ow i n i b b i i r ea s o n for n o t
’
g Q u ee n E l za e th s b oo k u t t s n o ,

fo ll ow i n g th r o u gh o ut ( a s t he a uth ors d o i n p a r t ) Du r el s Li tu rgi a

” ’

wh i ch i s t he o n ly La t i n v ers i o n c o t e m p o r a ry w i th t h e La s t R e v i e w
’

a n d th e r e for e the o n ly o n e o f v a l u e i n s h o w i n
g wh a t th e r e v i s e r s
th o u gh t wa s m ea n t by t he w ord s wh i ch th e y r e t a i n e d a n d t he w or d s
th e y i n t ro d uc ed Wh a t eve r v al ue s uch a w or k as t he Li b e r Pr ec u m
.

Pu b li caru m o f Me s s rs B r i ht a n d Me d d m a
g y h a ve a s
.

Va l ue o f
Du re l s ’ s ho wm g t he o p i n i on s of t wo l ea rn e d m e n in t he nine
Li t ur
gi a te e n th
c en tu ry i t ca n h a ve , s h o w i n g t he n o va l u e i n
as
d i s t i n gu i he d d o ctri n e s h e l d i n the s e v en t e e n th c e n tu r y
s To t he .

s tu d e n t o f the
p e ri od o f t he s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y t he
o n ly s a fe
gu i d e a m on g La t i n Pra y er B o o k s i s Du re l s
’

Li t u rgia p u b l i s h e d a t t he v er y t i m e w i th t he ro y a l a uth o r i ty
, , ,

a n d a ft e r
ca r e fu l p r e p a ra t i on by a n i n t i ma t e fr i e n d o f the p r i n c i p a l
re v i s e rs .

Tu rn i n g no w t o t he ea r l i er La t i n Pra y e r B oo k s wh i ch a re qu ot e d
in the n o t es o n t he Ca te ch i s m, the v e rs i o n of Ale s s (in
t he B o d l e i a n ) ha s th i s t i tl e : O R DINAT IO E C CLE SIIE ,
Ale s s .
I I
S E V M N ST E R ” E CCLE S I AST I C I , IN F LO R E NT i s -s i m o R egn o
A n gl i ae, c o n s c ri p t a s e rm o n e t
p a ri o , i n La t i n a m li n
gu a m bo n a fi d e c on u er s a
, ad c on s olat i o n e m E c c le s i a ru m C h ri s t i ,
u b ic u n
q u e lo c o ru m ac
ge n t i u m, hi s tr i s ti s s i mi s t emp ori b u s E DI TA , ,
 E DI TI ON S A ND COLL A TI ONS .
41

AB A LE X ANDR O ALE S I O Scor o SACR IE T H E OLOGIIE DOCTOR E .

L I PS I /E IN O F F C I I NA VVO LF GANGI GVNTE R I . An n o The

C a t e ch i s m i n Q u e en E l i z a b e th
’
s b oo k i s l m o s t v e r b a t i m t he s a m e a s
a

t he o n e i n Ale s s v ers i on Q u e e n E l i z ab e th s b ook has the

’ ’
s 3 b u t, as

s am p
t of t he roy a l a uth or i ty i t ,
ha s b e en th o u gh t b e tter t o qu ot e
fr om i t p o i n t i n g ou t a t t he s ame t i m e
,
a n y r e m a r k a b l e d i v e rge n c i e s

fro m Ale s s .

The c op y o f Q u ee n E l i z ab e th s La t i n Pra y e r B o ok wh i ch ha s b e e n
’
,

u s ed i n th i s w ork i s i n the B o d l ei an Li b ra ry
, I t is .

figoi gg
La l r er l

ge n era ll y s u p p o s ed t o h a v e b e e n p re p a red b y Wa l t er
H a d d on Its t i t l e i s : Li b er Pr ecu m PVB LICAR VM g
El gggyh
“
.
,
.

SE V m i n i s ter ij E c c les i as ti c e a d m i n i s tra t i o n i s Sa cra m en

c r em o n i a ru m i n E cc l es i a An gl i ca n a
'
t oru m ali ort i q 3 r i t u i i C um
' '

, e .

p r i legi o R egi ce Ma i es ta ti s The m an d a t e o f E l i z a b e th d a t e d t he

”
.
,

6 t h o f Ap r i l i n the s e c o n d y ea r o f he r r e i gn i s p r e fix e d a n d a t , ,

the e n d o f the b ook i s : E x cu s u m Lon d i n i ap u d R egi n a ld u m Wolfi u m

“
,

R egi a: Mo i es t . i n La ti n i s typ og r ap hu m . Cu m p r i u i legi o R egi a

Ma i es ta ti s .
”
The r ea d i n
gs of th i s c o p y h a v e b ee n c oll a t ed w i th
ano th er i n the Li b r a r y o f Si o n C o ege, Lo n d on , o f ll
wh i ch the s en i or
of the p r e s e n t a uth or s was for me r l y a F e ll o w The d a t e i s 1 5 6 0 . .

F or a n a cc o u n t o f Wh i t a k er s Pra y e r B oo k wh i ch foll o w e d th i s i n
’
,

t he La t i n s e e b el o w a m on g the G ree k Pra y er B o ok s

,
W hi ta k e r .

The La t i n Pr ay er B oo k of 1 5 7 4 q u o t ed i n t he n o t e s i s i n th e , ,

B o d l e i a n L i b r a ry Mr C la y wr i t es
. s i n c e Pra y er B oo k s i n La t i n
.
“

p u b l i s h ed d u ri n g her E l i z a b e th s ] r e i gn h a v e b e e n o ft en c o n
’

fo u n d e d w i th h er o wn a s h or t a cc o u n t o f th em ap p ear s i n d i s p en s ab l e
,
.

T h e y b ear the n a m es of Wo l f Va u tr olli er a n d J a ck s on , ,

W
,
ol f
as the p r i n t e r s ; a n d i n the c as e of t he l a s t two
p er Vau t ro lli e r
‘
, ,

a s s i gn a t i on e m F ra n c i s c i F l or ae Wo l f i n 1 5 7 1 ( o r ’
.
, ,

r a th e r i n 1 7 2 , for the Ps a l t e r ha s b o th d a t es
5 ) s en t o u t ,

wh a t we m a y ri gh tl y d ee m the earl i es t v er s i o n i n t o La t i n o f t he
wh ol e Pra y er B ook H e rb er t s Am e s p 6 1 1
. T h i s the o t h e r
’
,
. .

p r i n t er s c are fu l ly foll ow ed a n d the c op i e s ( o ct a v o ) m or e c om m on l y

,

m e t wi th t h ou gh s t i ll v ery rar e a re o n e i n 1 5 7 4 b y Va u trolli e r a n d

, ,
43 R I TICA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

an o t h er in 1 5 94 by J a ck s on .
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, s et fo rth i n t he R e ign

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’

sa m e as th a t o f Q u e e n E l i za b e th s w i th s o m e d i ff e r e n c e s i n
’
,
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.

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we h a ve L ONDI NI E xcu d e b at Th o mas Va u tr o lle ri u s .

W i t h th is b oo k we h a v e ca re fu l ly c o lla t e d the C a t e ch i s m i n a
Pra y e r B o o k p ri n t ed b y J a ck s o n wh i ch i s a l s o i n the
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.
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F 10128 CVM PR I V I LE G I O R egi ae Ma i es t a t i s
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a so a La t i n v e rs i o n of the Pra y e r B o o k i n DOCTR INA,
ET POL I T I A E CC LE S I /E A NG L I C AN/E , e tc . LO NDINI,
Ap u d J OANNE M B ILLIU M . 16 1 7 . C u m Pr i u i legi o . T hi s b oo k
was by Moc k e tt but as i t was i m m e d i a t e l y p r o s cr i be d
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.

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n o e s on t he Ca t e ch i s m xc ep t u p on o n e p as s a ge
e .

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. I t is d e d i c a t ed to
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 E DI TI ONS A ND COLL A TI ONS .

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to b e t he
a d d i t i o n s o f 1 6 0 4 b u t W i l l i a m W h i t a k er ha d l on g b e for e
,

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, .

c o p y c o ll a t e d b y u s i n t he B o d l e i a n i s L IB E R P R E C VM Pu b l i ,

c a r u m E ccl es i ae An gli c an ae i n i u u e n tu t i s G raec a r u m li t era ru m ,

s t u d i o s ae gra t i a m l a t i n e gr ae c é q 3 e d i t u s
, B ifi h g x It L OND I N I . o . .

A n n o D omi n i MDLX I X A t t he e n d i s . E x c u s u m Lo n d i n i a p u d “

R egi n ald u m Wolfi u m In hi s p r efa c e 0r d e d i ca t i on Wh i t a k e r

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,

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p u bli ca r u m in E ccles i a n os tr a p r ecu m ex ter i s eti a m
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'
s i t, gu od o i lle p a uci s con ti n ea t , v er bi s .

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Re ma rk s
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r ea s o n fo r i t s e u po n Q u e en
t o t he La t i n Pr a y e r B o ok a n d a n e xc e ll e n t d e fe n c e o f
El
fzfii
’
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,

t he E l i z a b e th a n v e r s i o n a ga i n s t the a tt a ck s th a t h a v e b ee n Pr a y e r
B O Ok
m a d e u p o n i t o n the gr o u n d o f l o o s e t r a n s l a t i o n
'

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. The t i tl e of

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, ,

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, .

i s l a rge l y i n d e b t e d t o Pe tley th r o u gh o u t the b o ok a n d n u m ero u s ,

i n s t an c es o f th i s w i l l b e s e e n i n the n o t es o n the C a t e ch i s m The .

c o p y qu o t e d i n th o s e n o t e s i s i n the B o d l e i a n a n d we h a v e c oll a t e d ,

i t w i th a c op y d a t e d 1 8 1 8 i n p r i va t e h a n d s .

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B ooks .

s ee n o t e o n qu o d n o b i s d a tu r i n the C a t e ch i s m .
44 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

co n cl u d in g th i s ch a p t er a fe w w ord s m u s t b e s a i d u p on t he
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’

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.

e xc ell e n t re p ri n t ( 1 8 5 3 ) o f t he Par k e r So c i e ty The t i tl e i s .

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.

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B od l eia n The t i tl e r u n s xp rxr rnm z mor 2 1 01x 151
.
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vs u m s c hola r u m Gr eece ( 53 La ti n e s c r i p t a ”
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is , LONDINI, Ap u d I oa n nem D ay u m An
“
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Pri u i legi o Th i s Nort on a l s o t ra n s a t e d
. l .

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r u ns as fo ll o ws ,
in Ed . 1 63 3
—
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p eri s
Sm " p ri m u m q u i e d i s ca tu r, p r op on e n d u s i n Sch o i s Lat i n e 69¢ l
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fi qg
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t . . . .

cl é
p o la ru m Lo n d i n cns i u m . An n o I t i s d ed i ca te d
R ev ere n d i ss i m is Ma tthmo
“
to in C h ri s t o Pa tri b u s ac Do mi n i s
Pa rk er] Ar ch i e p i s c op o
, Ca n t ua ri e n s i , E d m u n d o Gr i n d a l )
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en si, a li j s q 3 re v e re n d i s Pa tr i b us, E p i s c op i s E cc l es i ae a’ An li ca n ae
g
v ig le n t s s
i i i m is fi d e li s s i mi sq u e Pa s to ri b u s , by A IV
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. . Of t he
G re e k v ers i on he s ays
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, , C a t ec hi s m u m G u li elm u s
Wi ta c her us c ogn a t u s me u s m e o r o a tu Greec e e t i a m ”
,
g r ed d i d i t e tc , .

A c op y o f th i s ed i t i o n i s i n the B od e ian
l an d a s i t i s s o m e wh a t ,

b e tt e r p r i n t e d we h a v e
q u o t ed fr om i t, e xc e p t i n t he
p or t i o n u p o n the Sa c ra m e n t s Th e re , t o i n s u r e gr ea t er .

a ccu ra cy we gi v e the rea d i n s of the e d i t i on o f

,
g 1 5 8 4 i n t he B o d
46 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

C H A PTE R II .

ME ANI NG O F TH E TE R M PR I E ST .

br ow 6 V a t wv a , d wa pa fi a r o v {xet i lrp wa é mw
' '

i
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Du rel s ’ “
Li t u rgi a ,
i n d e te r m i n i n g t he u s e an d m ea n i n g of

t er ms at t he l as t re v is i o n
th a n th a t s u p p l i ed b y t he w or d
,

p
“
r i es t o r
,
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p re s b yt e r
”
T h e r e h a s o f
. l a t e y e a r s b ee n

m uch d i s cu s s i on a s t o the v a l u e o f t he t e r m
”

p r i es t in ,

o u r p r e s en t Pra y e r B o o k Do e s i t m ea n a s a c r i fi c er or d o es i t s i m p l y
.
,

mea n a m i n i s t er o f the Se c on d Or d e r i n the C hu r ch i n o th e r w o r d s ,

a Pr es b yt e r ? Th i s i s o f gr ea t i m p o r t a n c e ; fo r i f th er e i s n o s a c r i
fi c er th ere i s n o sa c ri fic e ; wh e rea s i f t he C hu r ch d o e s a d m i t a
, ,

sa c ri fi c e r s he o p e n s a d oor fo r the s a c r i fic e s o f m as s e s
”
,
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wh i ch , ,

i n her Th i rt y fi rs t Ar t i c l e s he d e n ou n c e s as
-
,
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b l as p h e m o u s fa b l e s ,

a n d d a n ge r ou s d e c e i t s
”
.

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E n gl i s h C o m m u n i on p ri e s t m ean s m i n i s t e r n o t s ac r i fi c e r ,

al ta r i s re d uc e d to co mm u n i o n t a b l e a n d o fi e r i n
g s a cr i
'

-
,

fi c e to m i n i s t e r i n g c om mu n i o n ; a n d th a t c on s e qu e n t l y , ,

An gl i c a n c o n s e c ra t or s d o n o t i mp ar t s a c r i fic i a l p o w e r n or d o A n l i c a n
g ,

o d i n a n d i p u rp o s e r e c ei v i n
’ ”
r
g it Th i s i s a v e ry a ccu ra t e s t a t e m e n t
.

o f t he ca s e We s h a ll s h o w b y the e v i d e n ce o f Du r e l s
.
’

Du re l a n d
La t i n Pra y er B oo k s u p p o r te d b ea rl y h i s t o r b e ccl e
his t o ry s ho w , y y y ,

Pr i es t s t o od s i as t i c a l d o
cu m e n t s a n d by the Op i n i o n s o f d i v i n e s o f
,
s i m pl
y fo r
p m b yte r t he s i x t ee n th a n d s e v en t e e n th c e n tu ri e s th a t ri e s t
“ ”
.
p ,

wa s re ta i n e d i n the r e v i s ed Pra y e r B oo k n o t i n the s e n s e ,

p re s b y t e r
of sa c ri fi c c r b u t o f T h e re i s a w i d e d i ffe re n c e b e tw ee n
, .
 TH E TE R M “
PRIE S T .
”
47

t he two . The Pr e s b yt e r i s a Mi n i s t e r of t he Se c o n d Ord er, an d the

d i ff e r e n c e b e tw e e n Mi n i s t er a n d a Sa cri fi c e r i s th i s : t he form e r
a

r e p r e s e n t s G o d t o t he
p eo p l e the l a tt e r r ep r e s en t s t he p e op l e t o
,

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’
,

s e r v i c e ; t h e fo r me r i s t h e a m b a s s a d or o f t he K i n g t he l a tt er i s ,

o rd a i n e d for t he p e op l e .

In Du r e l s La t i n Pr a y e r B o o k we h a v e
’
-
a form of t he wor d
p r es b yt e r on ce i n t he t i tl e-p a ge 3 s e v e n t ee n tim es in
th e Ac t of U n i fo rm i ty 14 Ca r i i wh e r e as a e n e r i
c
, .
, g
t er m C l er u s is
u s e d n i n e ty s i x t i me s i n the -
Li t ur gy ,

e tc. tw e n t y e i ght t i m e s i n the F o rm a n d Ma n n er o f

-

Ma k i n g Or d a i n i n g e tc a n d e ight e e n t i m es i n t he F or m s of Pra y er
, ,
.

fo r the F i ft h o f No v e m b e r e t c o n e hu n d r e d a n d s i x t y t i m e s i n a ll
, . .

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t he t e rn i Th i s i s t he s a m e i n a ll e d i ti o n s , a n d i n E d
”
s a c er d os . .

1 7 03 ,
wh e r e t he F or m o f Pr a y e r u s e d i n C on v o ca t i o n i s a d d e d , we
s t i ll ha v e
”
p r es b yt er i n th a t F o r m
“
.

The r e a s o n s o f Dur el s p r efe r e n c e for the t er m pres b yt er a r e

’

tw o fo l d F i r s t th a t i t i s a n u n e qu i v o ca l w or d Th ere
.
, .

wh ereas fi rg si n fl
u
c a n b e n o s a cr i fic i a l c o n n o t a t i o n a t t a ch i n g t o i t
” for u s e Of
t h e w or d s a c erd o s d o e s c o n v e y t o m o s t e a rs a s a c r i fi
Pr es b y t e r .

c ra l n o t i o n No s u ch i d e a wa s i n v o l v e d i n the old E n gl i s h
. I t ( li ke
p r eo s t o r p r i e s t W m N i c h o.lls D D
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.
,
. .

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Sa C i fi C a l
”
p r i e s t a s h a v i n g
“

1mp hca m n
,

a r i s e n fr o m t he E n gl i s h B i b l e a n d as n o t e x i s t i n g i n t he
'

F re n ch w o r d p r i tr e ,
H e wr i t e s a s fo l l o w s : Or d er i ng of P r i es ts ]
'
. .

O u r E ngli s h W o r d P r i es t c om es i m m e d i a t e l y fro m the F r anc/ z Wo r d

P r es i r a o r Pr etr e wh i ch i s b u t a Co n tr a ct i on o f Pr es b yt er
,
Dr Ni cho ll s ,
. .

o r n p ea fi é r ep o g a n d i n i t s p r op e r Si gn i fi ca ti o n d o e s d e n o t e
,

n o m or e th an E l d er B u t th er e s ee m s to b e a n a b u s e o f the Wor d
.

c r e p t i n t o o u r La n gu a ge a n d th a t o f c o n s i d e ra b l e St a n d i n g ; vi z to
, .

u s e t he Wo r d o n l y fo r a Sa cri fi c e r F o r a cc o r d i n g t o o ur c o mm on wa y
.
,

o f s p e a k i n g wh e n e v e r t he Wo r d Pr i es t i s n a m e d Pe op l e h a v e p r e s e n t l y
, ,

a No t i o n o f Sa c ri fi c e wh i ch wa s n e v e r i n t en d ed b y t he fi r s t I m p os i
,
 ND E X E GE TI CA L
CRI TICA L A
.

48

t i on of the W o rd B u t th a t wh i ch .
h a s m a d e th i s M i s t a k
,
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in cu ra b l e i s o u r E
,
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t ra n s la t e s Co/mz Prie s t ; e re as i t g ,
s n es a c r c e r a n o g ,

to b e t ra n s la t e d A n d th i s t eh F
.
r e n e /z T r a n s l a t i o n d o e s ; fo r tho
’

t he F r e nc h h a v e th e W o r d P r é tr e i n u s e a m o n
g th e m y e t th e y a l w a y s
,

ch os e to t ran s l a t e (Io/zen Sa cr i/i e a t eu r T h e C o m p

,
i l e rs o f t he S t ole/ z
.

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,
o o n n e p
u o n th is Wo rd a n d t he I n c on v e n i e n c e s wh i ch a tt e n d e d i t ch o s e t o ,
p ,

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, ,

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. . .

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ca tors , o r s uch Pr i e s t s who o ffe re d Sa c r i fic e Th e . i s p d r wp a ay i ou , t he

11o mod ,
P r ies t/ 1 Pe t . 11. 5, an d the fl aa i xu o v lep é r ev p a , tlze R oy a l

1 Pe t ii . .
9 . a re k en o f
sp o t he La i e ty a s w e ll as C l er gy

( A‘
S u pp l e m e n t t o t he C om m e n t ar y on th e B oo k of C o mm on
Lon d
’
Pra yer . .

Pri es t e t The th en wh i ch the r e v i s e rs r e ta i n e d

w or d “
p ri es t , , ,

ta i n ed i n i ts
p u re se n s e h a d o ri
gi,
n a ll y n o s a c r rfi cra l c on n o t a t i o n and D u r el
,

s h ow s t h a t th e y r e t a i n e d the w o rd i n i t s p u r e a n d ea r ly
Du re l has
s e n s e b y e m p l oy i n g e v e n i n the c r uc i a l
el
y e v e r ywh e re
gffi éfn i n s tan c es of the Con s ecra ti on of the E l em e n t s the ,

s ec ra t i on o f ,

E le me n t s e tc
Ab s ol ut i on
' ’

e tc the u n e qu i v o c a l a n d p l a i n t e r m
, .
,

p res b tery .

The n e xt for Du rel s

w or d p r e s b y t e r u s e of the
’ “
r eas o n
Du re l s ’

t o t ran s l a t e w m h
” ”
r i es t i th t r e s b yt e r f
“ “
sec o n d
p s a p as r o t e

ea r ne s t t i me s t he c orr e ct w ord for d e n o t i n g a m i n i s t e r o f

r e as on .

p res byte r t he
co m “
t he Se c on d Ord er We d o n ot m ea n t o s a y th a t th e E n gl i s h
l y t i m es
.

in ea r

p r i es t a n d F re n ch p r etr e a re c o n n e ct e d e ty m o l ogi ca ll y
.

1
I
t a
ts n t e re
s
t m g t o co m a re p Du re l u p o n a no t he r p oi n t c on n e c t e d wi h t t hi s . I t has be e n a s s e rt e d
th t
‘
d
'
t n t he fi rs t horta t i on a t t he Co m mu n i on m e a n s d i sc re t e , " “
p ”
s uch as
p d f
is cree t ex set a a rt ,

B ut Dur e l so es lv t hi s b y gi i n g us v
a d me a cc ed a t a u t a li m p ru d e n t e m
3em b
Ic e ns e co n es or
s u ac
.

M n t s tr u m p
et
tu ad
" "
of
p ru d e n t e m m ea n
ql
ve et ea t ca n n o t set a t F or t he u s e
g
ar

ly l
.

Arc h is hop Whi t gi ft ( 1 5 3 0— 1 60 3 ) i

“ '
tsc re c t . H on e s t i d i s cr ee t Q u i e t i 3 “ (1 go d earne d
men W i ll n ot be wi hdt ra wn b y y ou .
”
 TH E TE R M
”
“
P R IE S T .
49

with Su ch m ay b e the c a s e, a n d De t
ai l?
t he Gr e e k U p ea fltSn p og .
" of

t he o p i n i o n has i e d m u ch r o u n d fro m a m i s a p p li ca
ga n g
t i o n o f Mi lt o n s l i n e i n hi s Od e ’
,
on t he Ne w F or c ers of Co n s c i e n c e
u n d er the Lo n g Pa rl i a m e n t
Ne w Pr es b y t er i s b u t Old Pr i es t w it l
, r ar
ge .

B ut th i s d er i va t i on a p p ears a t l e as t d o u b t fu l .
‘
H o we v e r i t i s c er ta i n
tha t w or d c o ul d b e fo u n d i n La t i n t o r e p r es e n t
no b e tt er
PI ICSt '

Pri es t th a n Pr e s b yt er Or ra th er we s h ou l d s ay th a t r e p r e s e n t s .

O ld e r
Pr e s b yt er i s t he or igi n a l a n d c orr e ct w or d a n d th a t Pr i es t
p res b y t e r ,
.

i n E n l i s h s i m p l y r e r e s e n t s t he o l d e r Pr e s b y t er Th i s
g p .

we s h a l l s ee fr o m the fo l l o wi n g c on s i d era t i on s .

T he w or d Pr e s b yt er a s a p p l i e d t o th i s or d er o f m i n i s t er s d a t e s , ,

fr om the e a r l i e s t t i m es E v e n i n the Ne w Te s t a m en t we
The t e rm i n
.

fi n d t he Gr e e k Hp eofi é s p ot a s Dr Ni ch o l l s s h o w s a p p l i e d t he Ne w
r
, .
,
Te s mm em
t o th e m ; wh e r e a s lep n J g i s n e v er u s e d o f t he C h r i s t i a n
'
’

r s th i r ty t i m es i n t he Ne wT e s t a
”
m i n i s t er : t he w or d p r i es t o ccu “

m e n t i t i s u s e d n i n e t ee n t i m es o f the Le v i t i c a l p r i e s t a n d a l s o o f ,

C h ri s t a n d Me l ch i s e d e c , a n d o f t he wh o l e b o d y o f C h r i s t i a n s
R ev i 6 3 v 1 0 xx 6 )
. . .
b u t n o t o n c e for the C h r i s t i a n Mi n i s t er
. . .

Mi l t on s l i n e ’
re fe r s t o t he s u b s t i t u t i o n o f y
Pr e s b t e r for Pr i e s t b y t he Sc o t c h C hu r c h, a n d n o t
t o t he s u pp os e d d e ri v a t i o n of Pr i e s t fr o m Pre s b t e r y v
W e e n t u r e he r e t o s u gg e s t a n e w d e r i a t i on v
whi wi h y
.

c h s e e ms m o re i n a c c or d a n c e t l
t he ru e s o f ph i l l o og The F r e n c h é t r z is o f c ou r s e fr o m
whi h
.

t h e o ld F re n c h es tr e , c agai n i s t he La t i n es s e . If, t he n , F étr e

.
=
O F
. . es t r e = L . es s e , t h e n

F p r am: s ho u ld O F p r es t r e L p r ess e The O F i s p r os t r e , b u t f r es s e m u s t b e for fi r e -e s s e ,

.
= . .
= . . . .

i e , p r es -e s s e ( c/C F p r es e n t , L “ p r e s en t i n t h e a rt i c i e o f t h e s a m e e r b ) F o r i n s ta n c e s o f p pl v
w
. . . . .

v
i n fi n i t i v es u s e d fo r s u b s ta n t i es i n F r e n c h, a u s e hi c h o b ta i n e d e e n i n t he La t i n o f t he be s t a g e , v
p
c o m a r e a v oi r , f a i r e , a n d e e n é t r e i t s e f Th e o n v l
d i ffi c u t , t he n , i s t he d ou b e o we p r o-es s e , ly l y l v l
ly y
.

a s we d o n o t fi n d fi r e- ( si re ; bu t rob a b s u c h was t he fo r m i n er p o ld F r e n c h , as t h e o ld E n g i s h v l
l
p r eas t , a n d t he a t e r f r ee s t ( Pe c oc k s
”
R e r e s so r , c i r c a
'
p
p r i e s tes s ( p l ) an d p r i e s t ( La t i m e r s .
'

l
P o u g he rs ,
”
f r i es
-
ti : ( Ly n d e sa y s Mo n a rc he ,pl P r e zs t ( i b i d
’
a n d o u r m od e r n
'

wl w
.

p l v
f r i e s ! a ll o i n t t o a d o u b e o e i n t he o r i g i na l or d , th ou g h t he s ho rt e r fo r m s f r os t a n d p r es t e
d o o c cami on a lly o cc ur If t h i s d e r i a t i o n b e t ru e , t he Pr i e s t i s s i m p vth e Pr es i d e n t , a n d i t i s r e ly
k w
.

l
ma r a b e t ha t t he o r d fi r e -es s e i s u s e d t o d es c r i b e o n e o f th e fu n c t i o n s o f a Sa ce r d os i n a

m ed i ae a o r di n al q u o t e d b y Mr Pr oc t or ( “ C o m m o n Pra e r ,
vl “
Sa c e r d o t e m op o r t e t y p
y
. .

o fle r r e , b e n e d i c e r e p raees se , p rae d i ca r e , c o n fi c e re , e t b a p t i z a r e So , e a r i e r s t i , J us t i n Ma rt r l ll
'
"

w I
.
,

( d i e d A D 1 6 5) ri t e s i n
“
pl ”
A o 2 a d A n t o n Pi u m m e ra n , q u o t ed b y B i s o Co h w er i n
“
Se e n p p p v
y
. . . .

Da e s Co n fe re n c e ,” 1 62 3 D i e q u i S oli s d i ci t u r , om n e s g u i i n opp i d i s v c l a g r i s m or a n t u r ,
m m»: i n loc u m c om ee m zm t , com m en ta r i a q ua A) os tolor u m , v e l P r op / te ta n u s: s m it t a leg u n t u r ,
'

m i u ho r a p a t i tu r ; d e i n d e 12 5 i i s q u i leg i t d es t i l i t i s q u i p r et es t a d m on e t ,
’
q u a a Q u i ou s ,

c op i a ' S li
p /( t u r d, e tc ( se e t his p as s a g e q u ote d i n n e x t c ha pt p er q u od q ; colli g i lu r , a p ud
XX VI
. .

c um q u i p r et e s t r e om
'

tu r .
"
Cf . a sol p ra
-
mi n t i n Art . .
, Of t he U n wort hi n es s of Mi n i s t e rs .
50 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TICA L .

Tu rn i n g t o t he F a th ers , we fi n d th a t I gn a t i u s ( who d i ed n ot

l a te r th a n 112 i n hi s ep is t le to the Ma gn e s i a n s ,
In the
t
F a he rs . Se ct . 2 , m e n t i on s Da m a s as b i s h op , B a s s u s a n d Ap o ll o

ni us yte rs an d So t i a n d ea c o n 3 aga i n , in
as p re s b as a
I gn a t i us
,

tl e Ph i l a d e l p h i a n s , Se ct A tt e n d
.

hi s ep is t he 7
'

to .

to t he b i s h op , to t he p re s b
yte ry ,
an d to the d ea c on s ; an d

Tr a l l i a n s Sect
w r i t es : B e ye s u b j e ct “
i n hi s ep i s tl e t o t he , . 2 ,
he
t o the p r e s byt ers a s t o t he Ap os t l es o f J e s u s C h ri s t
,
In the .

s e c o n d c en tu ry I r e n aeu s wa s fi r s t p r e s b yt e r th e n b i s h o p ,

o f Ly on s ; a n d Di on y s i u s fi rs t p r e s b yt er th e n b i s h op ,

o f R om e Aga i n Tertu ll i a n ( ab ou t the c l os e o f t he

.
,

s e c o n d c e n t u r y ) wr i t e s :
“
Wh en y o u r c a p tai n s th a t i s ,

t o s ay t he d ea c o n s p r e s byt er s a n d b i s h op s fly who s h a ll t e a ch
, , , , ,

t he l a i ty th a t th ey m u s t b e c o n s t a n t ? ( De F uga i n Pe r s ) An d
”
.

“
The h i gh p r i e s t who i s the b i s h op ha s the ch i e f r i ght i n
, ,

a d m i n i s t e r i n g i t th e n t he p re s b yt e r s a n d d e a c o n s b u t n ot w i th o ut
, ,

t he a uth o ri t y o f t he b i s h o p ( De B a p t i s m Ca p
‘

. . .

Op ta tu s
Th en Op ta tus ( fo u r t h c en tu r y ) w r i t es :
.

“
To wh a t p u r
‘

p os e s h o u l d I m e n t i o n d ea c on s who a r e i n the th i r d o r p r e s b yt e rs , , ,

i n t he s e c on d d egr ee o f p ri es t h ood e t c ( Li b i, ) A t the e n d o f , . . .

th i s fo u r t h c e n tu ry Ae ri u s a n Ar i a n m a i n t a i n e d th a t
Aeri us .
, ,

th er e o u gh t t o b e n o or d er h igh e r th a n th a t of Pr e s b yt ers
J erome La s t ly J erome who wa s r i n
.
.

, o da e d p r e s b yt er a t An t i o ch
,

i n 3 7 8 A D wr o t e a s foll o ws ( De E cc l es Sc r i t : “ Ti ll th r o u h
p ) g
.
.
, .

i n s ti n ct o f t he d ev i l th e r e
gr ew i n the chu r ch fa ct i o n s an d .
,

a m o n g t he
p eo p l e i t b ega n t o b e p r o fes s e d I a m o f Pa u l I a m o f , ,

A p o ll os I a m o f C ep h a s chu r ch e s w er e o v ern ed b t he c o mm on
,
g ,
y
ad vi ce of
p r es b yt e r s ; b u t wh en e v ery o n e b e ga n t o r e ck o n th os e
wh om h i m s e l f ha d b a t i z e d hi s o w a n d n ot Chris t s
J ero me he re i t wa s
’

p n , ,

s pe a k s o f d ec re e d i n t he wh o l e w orl d th a t o n e ch o s e n o u t ,

o f t he p re s b y t e r s s h o u l d b e
p l a c e d o v er the r es t t o wh o m ,

a ll care o f t he chu r ch s h o u l d b e l o n
g a n d s o t he s e e d s ,

Thes e q u ot a t i ons a re fro m the E l e me n t s of C hr i s t i a n The o l b y G Tom hn e i D D i

Lor d B i s hop o f Wi n c hes t er . Thirt e e n t t
h E d i i on , 1 83 7 .
ogy , . . .
 TH E -
TE R M “ P R IE S T ”
.
51

of s ch i s m b e J e ro m e i s h er e s p e a k i n g o f a p os t o l i ca l t i m es
r em o ve d .
,

a s i n t he s a m e b o o k he t e ll s how i n acc o r d a n c e w i th th i s J a m es , , ,

T i m o thy T i tu s a n d Po l yca r p w er e a p p o i n t e d b i s h op s
, .
,
.

In p u r s ua n c e o f th i s u s a ge o f ap o s t o l i c a l an d p ri m i t i v e t i m es , we
Pre s b yt e r
”
fi n d t he La t i n as d e n o t i n g t he Se c o n d
“

Pr e s b y t e r
, ,

O rd e r a t a v e ry e a r ly a ge o f t he C hu r ch i n E n gl a n d In i n E a r l y
'

.
,

who wa s b orn 511 51351

11 11 11 ”
t he La t i n Li fe o f t he V e n e ra b l e B e d e
“
,

a b ou t 6 7 3 a n we fi n d Sa c ri s a ut e m a J oan n e B e v er
.
,
B ed e a
Pr es Wter
l a ci o Ep i s c op o s an c ti s s i m o a q u o i n b o n i s li teri s fu era t ,
'

e ru d i tu s a n n u m t ri ges i m u m a ge n s
,
i n i t i a tu s a tqu e i n a u gu ra t u s fu i t ,

h i n c p re s b y t e r a p p e lla tti s Aga i n i n a n ea r ly Or d i n a l

’

M
.
,
”
qu o t e d b y r Pr o ct o r
( C m m P ra y e r
“
o . o n p , .

t he c on s e cr a t i o n r un s thu s :
“
De u s s a n c t i fi ca t i o n u m
o m n i u m a uct or cuj u s v e ra c o n s e c r a t i o p le n a q u e b e n e d i c t i o e s t
, tu , , ,

Dom i n e s u p e r ho s fa m u lo s t u o s qu os p r e s b y t e ri i h o n or e d e d i ca m u s
, , ,

m u n u s tu ae b en e d i c ti o n i s efi un d e A n d i n a n Or d i n a l o f t h e
'

e tc .

e l e v e n th c e n tu r y gi v e n i n a n o t e o n t he sa m e p a ge we h a v e Vi s “
, ,

p r e s b yt e ri i grad u m i n n o m i n e Do m i n i a c c i p er e P ( The l a tt e r i s qu o t e d
fr o m Ma rt e n e E cc l R i t , ii “
So th a t i n v e r y e ar l y t i m e s
. . .

t he Se c o n d O r d er o f Mi n i s t ers wa s c o n ferr e d w i th the t i tl e o f

”
p r e s b yt er .

A b o ut t he t i m e o f t he l a s t r e v i s i o n i n d e e d p re s b yt e r
Abo u t l a s t
, ,

was n o t o n l y the c o r r e ct La t i n w ord b u t was c on s i d e red re v i e w p re s , ,

b th
éffe r gfi i g
t
t he b e tt e r t e r m e v e n i n E n gl i s h Ar ch b i s h op W h i tgi ft g .

w
£22
”

( d i d ) c n s i d e r e d th a t r i es t a s b ut a c on
“
e 1 6 04 o p
t ra ct i o n o f p r es b yt er an d m ea n t n o th i n g m ore th a n
“
,

Pr e s b yt er H o o k er
. h e l d s i m i l a r v i ew s 2
The l a tt e r W hi t gi ft a n d .

wa s a m a n a l m o s t u n i v er sa ll y h o n o u r e d b y E n gl i s h
C hu r ch m e n ; t he fo r m er was the gr ea t o p p on e n t o f t he
La u d a n d ,

P u r i ta n p a r ty i n hi s d ay Aga i n wh en Ar ch bi s h op t he Sc o t c h .

Pmy “ B 00 k
,

L a u d wh o s e t e n d e n c re s to R oma m s m w e r e u n d ou b te d
.

, ,

Cf i t s u se i n the R o mi s h Chu r c h ; e g De cr e e o f Sa cr e d Con gre g a t i on at R o me : Am i s s o

t y Mon k s
. . . ,

v
v e l a b la t o B r e ia r i o , n o n e n e tu r Pres b t e r Ofl
i c io .
"
The F ra u d s of R omis a an d Pr ie s t s ,

1 7 04

k
.

Se e H oo Bk V,
2
er , . . c h. 7 8, s ecs . 2 , 3 .
 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L :
.
.

52

w
d re u p a Pra e y r B o o k fo r t h e C hu r ch o f S c o t l a n d a t t he r e qu es t

h l I h th u ht t u s e t h e w o rd
o f C ar es in 1 6 3 7 e v e n e o
g , p p
r o e r o

“
p res b e r
y t not , p r i es t f“
r o m b e g i n n i n g,
t
”
o e n d A n d i n the .

l at er Sco t ch Co m m u n i on Offic e o f 1 7 6 5 the t erm p r e s b yt er ” “

u
i s s ed i n the R u b ri c s A g a i n D r T o d
. d o f T r i n i t y C,
o ll e ge D. u b li n , , ,

t
s a e t s w i t h r e gar d t o t h e P r a y e r B oo k o f 1 6 0 8 ( i n S t e p h e n s B oo k
’

o f C o m m on Pra y er I n tro d p xx i x E ccl H i s t So c

,
. . .
,
. . .

t ha t t he wor d p ri es t d oes n ot occur i n a n y p a r t o f “

Ar ch b i s h o p Da n i ell s I ri s h v
};08i?
h is 1
ers i on o f t he Pr a y er B oo k
“ ’

o f Ki n g J a mes I b u t th a t i t i s e v er ywh e r e t h ro u gh o ut
.
,

t he R u b r i c s t ran s l a t ed b y t he w or d See a l s o Dr
”
“
mi n i s ter . .

Ni ch o ll s qu o t e d a b o v e An d l as tl y i n the a tt e m p t e d
A tt e m pte d
.
, ,

Re v i s i o n o f R e v is i o n o f the E n gl i s h B oo k i n 1 6 8 9 i t was s u gges t e d ,

The Mi n i s t er th a t c o n s e c ra t e s o u ght a l wa y s t o
’689
to rea d
'

be a n Ar ch b is ho p B i s h o p o r Pres b y t e r a n d
, , O rdi n a ti o n o f Pri es t s , ,

” ”
Pres byters ( Pro ct or s Corn Pra yer p p 1 5 0
‘

ti e , .
, .
,

The fa c t i s t h a t t h er e i s n o Or d e r o f Sa c e r d o t es
, in
NO o rd e r o f
S a ce rd o t es the R e fo rm ed Chu r ch o f E n gl a n d 3 t he Se c o n d Or d e r i s
“ ”

i “ Re fo rm ed
C hu rc h .
t h a t o f Pre s b yt e r i Th i s we s e e n o t o n l y fro m Dur e l s
.
'

Li tu rgi a “
wh e re we fi n d p r es b yt er th r o u gh o ut a n d
,
” “ "

the F o r m a 81 Mo d u s Ord i n a n di Pre s b yt er os ”

bu t al s o ,

fro m the Art i cl es from Tes t i m o n i a l s Le t t e rs o f O r d e r s

, , ,

Ord ers i n Co u n c i l a n d fr om o th e r d o cu m e n t ar y e vi d e n c e
'

, .

Com m e n c i n g wi t h the Th i r ty n i n e Art i c l e s w e -

E v id e n c e o f
m us t fi rs t ob s e rv e th a t th os e who
fl
”

Sa c ra m e n tor u m
ags ad mm is tr ation i razs i n t are i n cl u d ed un r
“

d e t he ge n era l
”
'

p
Art xx v i
. h ea d i n g
.
i n Art x x v 1 a n d a r e n o t . .
,

An ,
ca ll ed Sa ce rd otes Sec on d l y th a t i n Art x x x r we h a v e .
, . .

t he w or d sa cer d o te m
“
fo r p ri es t 3
“
t he sa c r i fi c e s o f
“

Mas s e s i n t he wh ich i t was c omm on l y sa i d th a t the Pr i es t d i d

,
.

o ffer Chri s t fo r the qu i ck a n d the d ea d t o h v

a e r e m is s i o n o f
p ai n ,

Cf No we s
. La rge Ca tec h " whe r he sa s , M W hat ma n n e r o f
ll
'

e
.
y
ri es t ( L a t sa ce r d os ) i s p
ly
.
.

Chr i s t 2 S The gr ea t es t a nd a n e er as t i n v l p l l pp
g r i es t , whi c h a o n e is a b e t o a ear be fo r e G od o n
.

k
a b le t o ma e the sa cri fi ce whi ch
G od wi a llo an d a cce Pt i an d on ll
ab e to a
w
ea s e t he wra t h o f
ly l pp
,

Go d ”
.
0,k T ra ns ) l .
54 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

s e c on d ,
De P u rga tor i o ,
’
an d t he T hi rt y s e on d ,
-
c ‘
De Conj ugi o
Sa t cr aotu m
’
.
’
In ea ch of th es e th ree t i t l es t he w o rd s u s e d a p p l y t o
t he R o m i s h C hu r ch an d i ts e rr or s 3 an d, as i n t he R e for m ed C hu rch ,

th e re w ere to b e u p e r e ro
no ga t i o n f
w ork s
o r n on p os s u n t
of s sine
,
‘

a r r og a n ti d et i mp i eta t e p r eea i ea r i ; a n d n o d o c t r i n e o f P u r
'

ga t o r y for ,

s o th er e w e r e t o b e n o
” sa c e r
‘
r es es t f u ti li s i n a n i ter con/feta , ,

do et s an ,d
’
n o r cs tr i c t i o n s o f c e l i b a cy p l a c e d u p o n t he n e w c l e rgy ,

To t hi s e x
’
t he Ep i scop i s p r es by ter i s ct d zkzcon i s , ,
.

Art x xx v r
c elle n t a rgu m e n t n o th i n g n ee d b e a d d e d Las tl y i n
. .

. ,

a nd
O n ly O rd er
Ar t . xx x v r . Of the Cons ecr a ti on f
o B i s hop s
0fPres b y e r s t
i n i s ter s , M
De E p i scop or u m ct [ i n i s t r or u m con s e
”
M
i n Thi r y mi n e t ”
he w o rd s o f t he Ar ti c e ar e , d e ord in at i o n e l
t
A r i c l es a s cr a tzon e, t
r ega rd s Re
Pr es b y ter oru m e t Di a c o n oru m , b u t n o t a w or d o f
:
”

fo rm ed
So th a t th ere i s n o r e c o gn mo n o f a n
”
sa c er d o t es
“
C hu rc h . .

Or d e r of Sa c er d o t e s in the R e fo rm ed C hu rch i n t he

T h i rty -n in e Ar t i c l e s .
x

The an ci en t form of Tes ti mon i u nz a l s o re cogn i z es the Se c o n d Or d e r

A s a n e xa m p l e s ee on e
0

Pre s b y te ra t u s
‘6 n
ve n
g
as .
,
i
E vi d en ce o f
F o rm s Di ve rs I n s tr u m e n t s , ”
.

a mo n g t he of t he
“
F o rm o f e tc .
,
in
t
Tes i m o ni u m .

Ap p e n d i x t o th e u
L1b er
3

Va loru m :1
by J oh n E ct o n , R e
,

c e i v e r of the Te n ths o f t he C l er gy . Lon d . 1 72 8 Omn i bu s Chr i s ti

E aeli bu s , ad P r e s en ter Li ter a p er oen er i n t, s a lu tenz é
q uos d ehi ta nz “

r cver en t i a m . Cu m p i a nz é “ of i ci ar a m s i t Tes ti mon i u m Ver i ta t i p er

hi ber e, cu mou e J o h an n es Sm i t h A B . . Li ter a s n os tr a s Tes ti mon a les de
Vi ta s ua la n d a hi li , Ma m mon e P r obi ta te con ced i s i hi
p eti en
'

t nos ta m

tes ta m a r
'

hon esta: q P eti t i on i oolen tes ohs ecu n d a r e, r cealzct u m

'

us p
J o ha n n e m Sm i t h p er t r es a n n as p r ox i me clap s as n obi s p er s on a li ter
cogn i tu m, p 12 , s ohn e é} hon es te v i ta /n s u a m i n s ti tu i s s e, s tu a i i s s n i s
'
’ ,
,

Se e a ls o Me moi f R obe rt Da
r o ly , D D B i s hop
. .
, of Cas he l p , .
44 1 , Lo n d : J N i s be
11 . . . t
Co , 1 8 7 5 : “ In t he
. la t e r e d i ti o n of
t he Ar t i c es o f 1 5 5 3 we a e l , h v E p is co p is , p res b y t e r i s , e t
d ia co n i s n o n es t ma n d a t u m e s t ( u t coeli b a tu m v o v ea n t
’
In t he . MS o f Co n oca t i o n , 1 5 6 2
. v
ll
E p is c op i s p res by t e ri s , e t d i ac o n i s n u o ma n d a t e d i i n o r ece p t u m es t u t a n t c a liba tu m v o v e a n t v p
y ly
, ,

a u t a ma t r i m o n io a b s ti n ea n t -
See Li br a r T C D
'
I ha d so m e ea r e di t i o n s o f Ar t i c e s wh i c h l
k w w w
. . . .
,

l
I so d wi t h ot he r s ca r c e boo s a mo n g t he m o n e i n La t i n , i n h i c h t he or d s e re E i sc o i , ,
p p
p r es by t e re s c l d ia co n i
,
’
The re i s a la t e r ed i t i o n of t hes e Art i c e s 1n La t i n , p r in t ed i n Ox fo r d
. l
1 6 3 6 a n d t he r e ts t his t i t e o f on e o f t he Art i c es :
, l l
Li be llus d e c on se c ra ti on e a r c hi e p i sc 0 p o r u m e t
ep i s oop orn m , et d e or d i na ti on e
p r es b yt er orum e t d ia con or u m Th e a r e t he Ar t i c es o f t h e y l
y
.

Lond on S n od of 1 5 6 2 .
 TH E TE RM PR IE S T ”
.
55

s ea u lb o er a m n a oa sse, n ee
’

p q u i egu a m ( q ua n tu m s ci /n u s
) u n ou d m ten u i s s e ,

s cr z os i s s e, oel a ocu i s s e, n i s i
j
’
u od E t eles i a
A ngli ca n a app r ohet 63 t u ea t u r
'

g °

cu mon e i n s u er cen s em us d i n u m
p g q u i a d Sa cr i P r es hy te
r a tzi s Or d i n em
( s i i i s q u or u m i n ter es t i ta u i zi ehi tu r ) p r o
mooea tu r . I n
j
cu u s R ei Tes ti mon i u m ma n u s n os tr a s

p r eesen ti hu s app os u i m u s F e b r u a rii , A D

’
ter ti o aie . .

The s am e i s th e c a s e w i th the Le tt e rs o f Or d e r s . H er e, t oo, t he

Se c o n d Ord er o f t he C l e rgy i s “
Pr es b y tera t u s .
”
Se e
t he Le tt e r of O rd e r s of J o h n W e s l ey , gra n e d t b y Dr .

Po tt e r, B i s h o p of O x fo r d , i n 1 72 8 TE NOR E p r ms en t i u m
n os J o h a n n es p e r m i s s i on e d i v i n a O x on E p i s c 0p u s No tu m fa c i m u s .
,

u n i v e r s i s qu o d n os E p i s c op u s a n t e d i c t u s d i e Dom i n i c o v i z
( ) Vi c e s i m o .

s e cu n d o d i e m e n s i s Se p t e m b r i s An n o Do mi n i Mi ll e s i m o Se p t i n ,

ge n te s i m o Vi c e s i m o o ct a v o i n E ccl e s i a C a thed ra li C h r i s t i O x on .

Sa c r o s Ord i n e s De i O m n i p ote n ti s p r ae s i d i o c e l eb r a n t es 3 Di le c tu m
n ob i s i n C h ri s t o J oha n n e m W e s l e y Ar t i s Ma gi s tru m e
J ohn W es l ey , ,
.

C o ll Li n c o l n O x o n So c i u m
.
,
a d Sa c ru m Pr e s b yt e
.

r a tu s O r d i n e m j uxt a m ore m e t r i tu s E cc l e s i ae An gl i c a n as

ad m is i mu s et p ro m ov i m u s i p s u m q e ( sic ) i n Pr e s b y ter u m
Pr es b y te ru m
tu n c et i bi d e m ri e
t et C a n on i c e Or d i n a v i m u s . Da tu m .

s ub Sigi l l o n os r o t l
E p i s c op a i i n p rae m i s s or u m fi d e m ac t e s t i m on i u m
d i e m e n s i s An n o q u e Do m i n i s u p ra e x p r es s i s e t n os tr ae C o n s e c ra ti o n i s
A n n o d eci m o
”
J o OX ON
“
qu a r t o . . .

La s t l y La w F o r m s m a y b e a d d uc e d t o s h o w th a t
, p r es b y t er ,

n ot s a c e r d os i s t he c orre ct t er m for t he Ord er o f Pr i e s t

La w F or m s
,
.

i n the R e fo r m e d C hu r ch : a n d th e s e h a v e the m o r e w e i ght

a s l e ga l fo r m s m o s t l y fo ll o w p r e c e d e n t e v e n i n p h r a s eo l ogy F or .

e x a m p l e i n t h e a p p e a l o f B i s h o p Wi l s o n ( So d or a n d Ma n ) a n d hi s
,

cl e rgy a ll the law fo r m s i n Lo n d o n h av e ”

r e s b yt e r fo r the
“
, p
Se c o n d Or d e r o f C l e rgy 3 e g Or d er s i n C o u n c i l July . .
, ,

1 9 th 1 7 2 2
,
a n d Au gu s t 7 th 1 7 2 2 3 Pe t i t i o n s t o C o u n c i l 3
, , C (S i iifi l
fgtc .

R ep o r t o f A tt o rn e y G e n e ra l a n d So l i c i t o r-G e n e r a l t o the
-

Q u ot e dfr o m T he W o r s o f t h k
e R e v J o hn We s e , v ol i L ond 1 809 l y . . S
i nc ewr i i n g the
t
y
.

y
. .

v
a b o e , the R e v Dr O s b o r n , Pr e s i d e n t o f t he W e s e a n C o n fe r e n c e , ha s e r l v k m d ly wr i t t e n t o
y y
. .

l p
i n for m u s t ha t W e s e s Le t te rs of Or d e rs ar e r es e r e d i n t he Li b r a r of t he Co
'
v ll e ge a t H ea d i n g ly ,
nea r Le e d s .
56 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

Re p o n or Ki ng s
’
Mos t ll en t Maj es ty Au gu s t 2 n d 1 7 2 2 3
E xc e , ,

of Co mm i t t e e o f Pr i vy C o u n c i l
g”
“ m e tc
a ? and the R e p ort .
, ,
i
Cou nc i l .
F eb ru ar y 15 th ,
172 2 .

con cl u s i o n we p u rp o se to s h o w b y fo u rt een p as s ages howthe w ord

In ,

s a c er d os
“
was c o m p ar a ti v e ly l i t tl e u s e d i n the Pra y e r
”

Dec rea s mg
us e of B oo k o f Q ue e n E hza b e th wa s l e s s u s ed b y Va u tr o lli e r ,

i n 1 5 7 4 a n d was n ot u s ed a t a ll b y Du t e l wh o s e v e r d i ct
, ,

{ o m is
k r fi na l as hi s Li tu rgi a i s the o n l y La ti n Pra y e r B o o k
,
Re vrs wn
W i t h a n y s h o w o f a u t h o r i ty s i n c e the l a s t r e v i s i o n W1th
.

r ega rd t o t he u s e o f o cca s i o n a ll y i n Q u een E l i z a b e th s

’
s a c er d os
“

re ign , i n m an y ca se s the w o rd o ccu r s i n s en t e n c e s ta k e n d i r e ct fro m

the ea rl ie r Ales s who k e p t t he t er m fro m t he an c i e n t m i s s a l s u se d in

,

t he u n re fo rm e d C hu r ch On t he o th er h a n d we h a v e .
,
Reaso n s for
t he sa c er d os o f Ales s s o m e ti m e s ch a n ge d b y Q u e e n
“
t he u e a t
s

fi rs "
E l i za be th as i n the fir s t p a s sa ge qu o t e d b e l o w fr om t he
,

Ma rri age Se r vi c e More ove r i n the Ab s o l ut i o n a n d B en ed i cti on i n

.
,

t he C o mm u n i on Serv i ce wh ere we fi n d Sa c e rd os
, op p os e d to
“

E p i s c Op u s i t is e vi d e n t t h a t
“ ”
, Sa c erd o s i s m e an t t o e x p r e s s the “

m i n i s ter o f t he Se co n d Ord e r as op p os ed to t he b i s h o p 3 i t ca n n o t
m ea n the sa c ri fi c e r for i f the bi s h op w e re p r e s e n t he w o u l d
“
,

p rob a b l y h i m s e l f ta k e th a t p a r t o f the s e r v i c e to wh i ch a s a c r ifi c i a l
ch a rac t e r i s wron gl y as s ign e d a n d w o u l d h i ms e l f be the s a c e rd os ,
”

i n t h a t se n s e .

To p r o ce ed th e n to ou r p as sa es, g ,

Morn i n g an d E ve ni n g Pra y e r . Ab s o lu ti o p e r Mi n i s tru m

s olu n
p r o n u n c ia n d a E l iz
”

t (Q Di tt o, i n Va n
Ab so l u i on r
. .

in r i ng tr o llt er ,
hg 5 7 4 , who 1 h owe v er
has t he R u b ri c s i n I ta l i c s
qg
.

lr r
The A bs olu ti on , or R emi s s i on o s i n s to be r onou nced b
f , p y
the P r i es t a lone, s ta n d i n
g ; the V
p eop le s t i ll k neeli ng ( E . 1662 ,
o ur

p re s e n t A bs olu ti o s cu
p ecca tor u m r emi s s i o a P r es by tc r o
In t he Pra ye B kr oo of 1 6 3 4, i n whic h Dr Sa n crof t
. c op i ed B is hop C os i n
’
s n ot es for C o n v
oca
we fi nd bs olu ti o n p
be ro n o u n ced b y t he Mi n i s t e r a o n e l
‘
t i on , , I he a or re m is s i o n of s i nn es to
k
.

( s t a n d i ng , 6 *
a ll the Peop le sti ll k ne e li n g ) "
The p
a rt l
i n i ta i cs a n d i n b r ac e t s i s i n MS Thi s
ws
.

sho t hat the rev i se rs a t tac hed n o

g rea t im p
o r t a n ce to th e i ns e rt i o n of “ p
r i es t i n s t ea d o f
 TH E TE R M “
P R IE S T .
”
57

t a n t nn z, s ta n te,
p lebe a u tem
fleeten te p r on n n ei a n a a
'
eoga e
gen zea ,

( Du rel s
’
Li tu rgi a , ” “
Ab s olu ti o, si v e R e m i s s i o Pe cca t or u m ,

a Sa c e rd ot e so o l p r o n u n t i a n d a, i p so t
s an e t p op u lo , ut a n ea t
ge n u flex o ( Mes s rs B ri ght a n d Med d s Li b e r Pre c u m Pu b li c a r u m ,
’
.

1 86 9
)
( IL) Co mm u n i o n Ser v i c e . B e fo r e Pra y er for C h u rch Mi l i t a n t
( t he s o-c a e d ll Pra y e r of Ob l a t i on ) . Pos t h ae c m i n i s t er
d i c et (Q . Di tt o Va u trolli er
, .
“
Af ter whi t /z d on e ,

t ne P r i es t za ll s a y
s/ Q n i ou s p er a eti s d i ca t P r es
( Du rel) Sa c er d os d i ca t ( Me s s r s
”
af ter .
“
Q u o fa ct o . B r i gh t an d

Me d d ) .

( I I I ) Di tto . . The A b s ol ut i o n . Dei n d e e r i ge t s e Sa c er d o s , e tc .

(Q . Dei n d e ) g
er z et s e Sa cer d os , (a n t E p zseop ns , s i a ds i t e tc .

( Va u tr
) Tnen s / za ll t/
. ze P r i es t
( or t/ ze B i s / p oei ng p r es en t ) s ta n d
zo , ,

”
up ,e tc Ta m P r es by ter ( a n t Ep i s cop u s s i a d s i t) er i get s e
.
,

e tc
(.D u r el) D e i n d e Sa c e r d o s
(a u t E p i s c op u s s i a d s i t ) s e e ri ga t
.
, , , ,

e t c ( Mes s r s B r igh t a n d Me d d )
. .

( I V ) Di tt o Co n s e c ra t i o n
. Po s t ea Sa c e rd o s e ri ge n s s e d i c e t
. .
,

( Q . D i tt o V a u t ro lli e r W a en the P r i es t s ta n d i ng oe
, y or e .
,
’

t/
ze Ta ble, e tc .
Q a zn n P r es oy ter s ta n s a n te Men s a m
D om i n i , e tc .
( Du rel) . C u m Sa c e rd o s s t a n s ,
an e t Me n s a m ,
”
e tc .

( Me s s rs . B ri gh t an d Me d d ) .

V
( ) Di tt o B
. e n e d i ct i on ,
.
“
Po s tr em o Sa c e r d o s u el E p i s c op u s , si
.

ad si t ,
”
e tc . (Q . Di tt o Va u t ro lli e r
, . T/ ze P r i es t
Ien t/ (or B i s/
zap

if fi e oe p r esen t ) e tc .
(E P os t r enzo P r es by ter ( ant E pi s cop u s sz

a d si t
) e tc ( D u re l
) . . Dei n d e Sa c erd o s ( s i v e E p i s c op u s , s i a d s i t )
e tc .
( Mes s r s B ri ght a n d Me d d ) . .

( VL ) Di tt o Sec o n d R u b r i c . a f er t Co m Ser v . .
“
si n e c on ve n i e n t i

m i n i st e r l w p
i n t hi s p a ce, o the r is e B i s ho C os i n ou d ha e ha d t he c ha n g e m a d e i n hi s n o t e s i n w l v
t h i s Pra e r B o o y k
A s a m a t t e r o f fa c t t ha t c ha n g e was n o t m a d e a t t he re i s i o n , b u t b e t we e n t he v
y
.

e a r s 1 6 3 6 a n d 1 6 3 9 , a n d i t was r e ta i n e d b y t h e r e i s e r s I t has a s o b e e n as s e r t e d t ha t by t he v . l
P r i es t a lo n e ”
m ean s
“
a n d n o t b y a De a c o n b u t i t i s e i d e n t fr o m t he o d or ,l f m
“
b y t he v
l "
p ll y
Mi n i s t e r a o n e , e s e c i a wi t h Dr Sa n c r oft s MS n ot e , t ha t i t m e a n s a n d n o t b y t he Pe o p le
“ ”
’

I k k y k
. . .

n d e e d , W hi t a e r , i n h i s G r e e a n d La t i n Pra e r B oo d e d i c a t e d t o h i s u n c e De a n No we l ll
k
.
, ,

Abs o lu t i o p e r Mi n i s t ru m e tc ( a s Q u e e n E li z a b e t h ) , i n t he La t i n a n d i n t he G r e e ,
'

1 5 6 9 , ha s .

6 di ci x o v og p ow ; éxgbwv e t
‘
’ '

A rr o k v m g, .
58 CR I TI CA L A N D E X E GE TI CA L .

w ord fo r Pri e s t Q i i
n u me ro c o mm u n i ca n ti u m ( no . . n s

mi n i s t r o comm u n i cen t,
i n s /us si t homi n u m, n u mer u s ou i cu nt e tc .

exce p t ther e be a con ven i en t n u mber to com mu n i ca te wi th

V n isi a d s i t com m un i ca n t i u m n u mer u s com p eten s
the P r i es t (E .

D t el n is ic on ve n i en s
cu m P r es by ter o ( u )
“
ad comm u n i ca n d u m .

n u meru s ad si t C o mmu n i ca n ti u m c um Sa c e rd o t e ( Me s srs B r i gh t

.

and Med d ) .

( VII . an d V I I I ) Di tto . . F our t h R ub r i c .

“
u bi m u lti s un t p r e s b yt er i ,
Dia c on i , o m n es u n a c u m Mi n i s t r o ( Q . E iz l ) . i n gu i bu s p lu r es
ex i s ta n t mi n i s tr i ac d i a con i 71 nd cu m mi n i s t r o “
wher e
t her e a r e ma ny P r i es ts a nd Dea con s , they s ha ll a ll r ecei ve t he Comm u n i on
wi th the P r i es t ”
( R V ) U . ubi s un t P r es by ter i 63 °
D i a con i com p lu r es ,

( Du r e l) m u lt i
”
commu n i ca bu n t si n
gu lt an d cu m P r es by ter o .
“
u bi

s unt Pr es b yte r i et Di a c o n i , o mn es un a c um Sa c er d o t e ( Mes s rs .

B r ight Med d )an d .

( )
l X Pu b l.i c B ap tis m of I n fa n t s . H ic Mi n i s t e r i n fa n te m i n
ma n u s s u s c i p i e t, n om en q u aer e t : d ei n d e n om i n e ap
Pu b l i c
t
Ba p i s m of p e l a n s , l t i n ge t i llu m ni
( i n ?) a qu a m sed con s u l t e
t
,
I n fan s
ca u t e d ic e n s (Q . Tu n c [Mi n i s ter i nf a n tem i n
ma n us a cci p i en s , e tc . The n the P r i es t s ha ll ta he the Chi ld
”
i n to hi s ha n d s , e tc . Tu m P r es by ter I nf a n tem i n m a n u s

p i et e tc ( Du rel) Dei n d e ac c i p i a t Sa c erd os i n fa n te m i n

"
a cci , . .

ma n u s s u as e tc ( Mes s rs B ri ht a n d Me d d
”
, g .

) . .

( X ) F u rth er o n we h a ve Tu n c Mi ni s t er cruc e s i gn a b i t i n fan t es

.
, , ,

fro n t e d i c e n s d ei nd e Mi n i ster f a cto cr u ci s s i gn o i n

”
(Q
“
, .

f r on te i nf a n ti s d i cet ( Va u tr) , e r e the P r i es t s ha ll m a ke a Cr os s .

u on the Chi ld s
’
f or ehea d
”
p H i e P r es by ter I nf a n ti s f r on tem
s igno cr uci s s i n a bi t
g ( Du rel)
”
H i c Sa c erd o s i n fro n t e I n fa n t i s .

C ru c em fa c i a t ( Mes s rs B ri gh t a n d Me d d
) .
.

( X L) Pri va t e B a p t i s m of I n fa n t s t u rn b a p tiz e t e u m m i n i s t er .
“

(Q tu ne Ill i n i s tcr a d r a ti onem

.

p u bli ci B ap
“

( Va u tr)
"
tzs mi , e tc then let the P r i es t ba ti z e i t i n
p
. .

the for m e t c ( E “
t u n e P r es by ter
.
cu m bap ti z et
f or ma m r el
”
j ux ta et
c ( B u .
) . Sa c erd os cum b a p ti z e t s ub for ma
 TH E TE R M “ ”
P R IE S T .
59

e tc .
( Mes s rs . B ri gh t an d Me d d ) . Th e re i s , of c o u r s e, no F o r m fo r
A d u lt B ap ti s m i n Q u ee n E l i z ab e th or Va u tr olli er .

( X I I a n d X I II
.
) . Ma rri age .
“
Tun c n ir d e t m u li e ri a n n u lu m

a l ia m u n era, u um
a r a r ge n tu m u p er li b ru m
p on e t s
Ma r r i age
, ,

cum s a l a ri o qu e m Mi n i s t e r
.

c o n s u e t o m i n i s tri s d eb i t o ,

m an u t en e t a c Pr e s b yt er , a cc ep to a n n u lo t ra d e t u i r o u t i m p on a t
, ,

a n n u lu m
”
qu ar t o d i gi t o m u li er i s d i c e n s ( Q ,
.
“
69 °
ma r i t a s
vx or i d a n a u m li br o i mp on et [M a c s i bi s er u i en ti
’

vn a cu m p ecu n z s
j i n i s tr o
d ebi ti s : 63 °
Mi n i s ter ”
et c .
( Van tr
) . a nd the Ma n s ha ll g i ve u n to

the Wom a n a R i ng , lay i ng the s a me u p on the booh wi th the a ccus tomed

d u ty to the P r i es t a nd Cler h . A n d the P r i es t,

”
e tc . Vi r
a u tem Mu li er i
A u n u lu m d a bi t, i llu m p on en s s up er li br u m a n d cu m eo

q u i cq u i d s i t, q u od P r es by ter o 69 Cler i co j u r e p en d i d ebet P r es by ter

°
.

a cce tu m A n n u lu nz
p e t c ( Du r e l) v i r m u li e ri a n n u lu m d e t, p o n e n s
. .

eu m s u p e r li b ru m c u m p e cu n i a Sa c er d o t i e t C l er i c o d eb i ta Q u em .

a n n u lu m Sa c e r d os e t c ( Me s s r s B r i ght a n d Me d d )
. . .

( X IV ) Di tt o . T u n c s a c er d os j u n ge n s e or u m d e xt r as d i c a t
.
,

(Q H i s d i cti s , M n i s ter eor u m j d i cen d o

'

. d ex ter a s un
g et

( Vau t r
) . Then s ha ll the P r i es t j oi n thei r ha n d s together , a n d
ri ght
s ay Tu m P r es by ter eor u m d ex tr a s j u nget, a c d i cet

( Du r el) . T u n c Sa c er d o s , j u n ge n s e oru m d ex te ra s , d i c a t ( Me s s r s .

B r i gh t an d Me d d ) .

I t w i ll b e s e e n fr om th i s th a t i n th es e fo u r t een ca s e s wh e r e the ,

E n gl i s h V ers i o n ha s Pr i es t Du re l h er e ( a s th r o u gh o ut
”
,
Du r e l ha s
h i s Li tu rgi a ) t ra n s l a t e s i t b y on l y
” ”
“
Pr e s b yt e r An d th es e
p res b y t e r
.

fo u r t ee n p a s s a ge s c o n t a i n t he m os t i mp o r t a n t o n es fo r
‘

t e s t i n g the m e an i n g o f Pri es t a t t he p eri o d o f r e v i s i o n

“

Me s s rs
.

Mes s rs B ri gh t a n d Med d i n th e s e p a s s ages h a v e a for m B r i gh t a n d

.

Pr efg g
e ‘
o f t he w o r d Sa c er d o s th i r t e e n t i m es a n d o f Pr e s b y
zok ,
.

t er on ce Durel a s we h a v e s e en d oes n o t s a n ct i o n t he
.
, ,

Sa c e rd o s a t a ll 3 b u t e v e n goi n g fur th er b a ck t o the r ei gn o f

”
u s e of

Q u ee n E l i z a b e th w e fi n d th a t h e r P r a y e r B o o k ha s i n

th e s e p a s s a ges s a c erd os o n l y fo u r t i m e s p res b yt er E8 3353 }, ,

“ ”

tw i c e, a n d m i n i s t er“
s ev e n t i m es
”
th ere b ei n g n o ,
 6o CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TICA L .

e w ord i n the re ma i n i n g p a s s age 3 wh i l e

qu i v a l e n t fo r the
Va u t ro lli e r
o nl y
.

Va u trolli e r s boo k has “ ’

s a c e rd o s th r i c e a n d
m i n i s t er the o t h er e l e ve n t i m es So t ha t th e s e Pra y e r
”
.

Co m pa ri so n
o f t he s e i n the i m p o r t a n t p as s a ges the
”
B o ok s ha v e s a c e rd o s
“

v m ion s
fo l l o w i n g n u mb e r o f ti m es Q u ee n E l i z a b e th fo u r Va n
'

t r olli e r th ree Du r el n ot o n c e Me s s r s
,
B ri gh t an d Me d d th i rt ee n
,
.

t i mes The l a t t e r i n th e i r p r e fa ce t o t he r ea d er wr i t e as fo ll o w s
.
, ,

“
Ve rbu m Pr i e s t vi s u m e s t v er b o Pres b yt e r e i s i n l oc i s r e d d e r e
‘ ’ ’

u b i d e ord i n e e oru m age r e t u r q u i i n Mi n i s t er i o C h r i s t i i n t e r E p i s c o

p o s et Dia c o n o s l o cu m ha b e n t ; u b i a ut e m d e i p s a m i n i s t e rii e oru m

e xs ec u ti on e v e r bo Sa c er d o s I t w o u l d a p p ear h o w e v er a s tran ge
’ 3’
.
, , ,

an om a l y for e rs on s to b e o r d ai n ed Pr es b y ter i i n o r d e r t o p er for m

p
the fu n c t i o n s o f Pri es ts m u s t e i th er b e o r d a i n e d
”
Sa c er d ot es “
.

Sa c e rd o t es p er form s a c e r d o ta l fu n ct i on s o r b e or d a i n e d
“
and ,

Pr e s byt eri an d ful fil t he o ffi c e o f p r e s b yt er s

. I t wo u l d b e a n .

e mp t y mo ck e ry t o o r d a i n a m i n i s t e r b
y t he t i t l e o f p r es b y t e r i f th a t ,

t i t l e i s n o t to b e a p p l i e d t o hi m wh e n i n t he e x e cu ti o n o f hi s
m i n i s tr y .

The re i n t rod uct io n c er d o s i s h i s t ori ca ll y a

of the t e rm sa

re t rogra d e m o v e m en t We h av e i n e a rl y t i me s sa c e r d os a p p l i e d
.
”

to a ll i n h o ly o rd e rs u n d e r t he R o m i s h s y s t e m t he t e r m
Rc i n t rod u c
- .

t i o o f t he a cqu i r e d a sa cr i fic i a l c o n n o t a t i o n Al f l l w ed t he
Og
; e s s o o
q fle tc

sace rd os la n gu age o f t he m is s a l s s o m e wh a t fr ee l y i n r e ta i n i n g t he
.
”

w ord ; i n Q u e e n E l iza b e th s b oo k the r ea cti o n c o m ’

we n ces ; the use of the t erm w an es i n Va u tr olli er a n d d i sa ea rs i n

pp ,

t he Pra y e r B oo k o f Dure l So th a t i ts r e v i va l i s i n o p o s i t i o n t o
p
.

a ll the
p ri n c i p l es o f R e v i s i on a n d R e fo rm I t i s the .

m i n i s tr y , an d t ha t
t erm bo r n i n the Ne w Te s t a m en t
i s Pr es b yt er , a
,

c ra d l ed i n the co n s ta n t u sage o f ri m i t i v e C h ri s t ia n i ty a n
p d b r o u gh t ,

t o ful l ma tu ri ty i n the b es t
a ges o f the E n l i s h C h u r ch
g .
62 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

of Dean Durel s t ra n s l a t i o n s ’
of t hewh o l e The Pr ay e r B o o k as a .

s tu d e n t o f t he p e r i od o f the La s t R e v i e w a n d t he i m p a r t i a l i n qu i r e r , .

i n t o t he d oct ri n e s h el d a t th a t t i m e c o u l d h a v e n o m o r e r e l i a b l e an d ,

tr u s tw orthy ev i d en ce th an th a t wh i ch m ay b e o b t a i n e d b y c ol l a t i n g
w i t h the E n gl i s h t he La t i n v e rs i o n o f B u re l .

The Ob l a t i on o f the el e m en t s was n o p ar t o f t he m e m ori a l c er e

mo n y o f the Lo rd s Su p p er as o r igi n all y i n s t i tut e d No r i n d eed was
’

.
, ,

i t for s o m e t i m e a ft er w ar d s a s we ga th er fro m J u s t i n
Acco u n t ,

o r Ob l a t i on M l
a r ty r
( p
A d A t i u m Im )
“
o 2 a n o n P .
p e r a t c on .
,
.

e le g g c lu s i s q n os tr i s
p re c i b u s p a n i s v i n u m
'

ms a qu ae o fi eru n t ur, , ,
.

tu rn i s q u i p r i m u m l o cu m t en e t eo d em m o d o p re c e s ,

gra tia m m q a ct i o n e m p r o v i r i l i m i t ti t p o p u lu s q u e b en e d i c i t d i c e n s , , ,

Am e n e t c Th i s B i s h op Co w p er 1 6 2 3 t ra n s l a t es “ o u r p ra y e rs
”
.
,
, , ,

b e i n g fi n i s h ed b rea d w i n e a n d w a t er a r e r e s e n t e d a n d th e n t he
, , p , ,

g a n d the p eo p l e
Prea ch e r c on c e i u es feru en t ra y er an d t ha n k e s i u i n
p g ,

b l e s s e God s a y i n
g Am e n o fle r u n t u r h er e m ean i n g a cc o r d i n g
‘

, , ,

t o B i s h o p C o w er ”
p are
p r e se n te d
, t e a re gi v e n t o t he m i n i s t e r
,
. .
,

y t he c o mm u n i c a n t s who ha d b r o u gh t
for u s e i n t he sa c ra m en t b

th e m n o t a re o ffer ed i n s a c r i fi c e b y t he p r i e s t At s o m e ea r ly
, .

p er i od h ow e v er i n t he h i s t ory o f C h ri s t i a n i ty i t a p e ars th a t art o f

, ,
p p
the b re a d a n d w i n e s o b r ou h t w
In th o s e d a y s o f
'

g a s o fi e re d .

p ri m i t i v e s i mp l i c i t y th i s p ra ct i c e i t m a b e th o u h t m e a n t n o h a rm
y g , , .

B u t wh a t m ea n s n o h a r m o ft e n t en d s t e n d e n cy oft en e x i s t s
to h a rm
wh e re i n t e n t i o n i s a b s e n t ; a n d s o th i s cu s t om s o on le d o n t o s u e r
p
s t i t i on a n d fr om s
, u p er s t i t i o n t o i d ol a t ry T h e r e a tt a ch e s th e re fo r e .
, ,

a p ri me i n e r e s
t t to the qu es t i on wh e th er the r ev is er s o f t he Pra y e r ,

B o ok i n 1 6 6 2
w i s h ed to a d o p t a n d re s t or e th i s i d e a o f a n Ob l a t i o n ;
wh e th er i n fa Ct th ey i n t en d e d a n Ob l a t i o n of b r e a d a n d wi n e a n d
, ,
,

e i r s a n c ti fi ca t i on b
th y be i n g p l a c e d b y t he mi n i s t e r u p o n t he ta b l e
an d o fi e re d to Go d to b e r
egar d e d a s a n i n t e r a l a n d e s s e n t i a l
'

,
g p a r t
o f the c o mm e m ora t i on s e r i
v c e o r i n d ee d an a r t o f th a t s e r vi ce
, , , y p
a t a ll .

Si mi la r ly th e a u th or o f t he Ho mi ly t ra n s la t es ofl
'

c ru n t u r m t hi s
'

p as s a g e of J u s t i n Ma rt y r
by “
b ro u g ht fort h .
"
 A LMS A ND OB L A TI ONS .

c o mm u n i ca n t s w ere n o t i n t e n d e d a s i n the t i m e s wh e n
Th a t t h e ,

t he i d ea o f a n Ob la t i o n o ri gi n a t e d t o b ri n g t he b rea d ,
Pro v i s i o n o f
and Wi n e 13 s u fl i c re n tly c l ear fr o m the t er m s o f t he e l e m e n t s b y
,

c hu r c h
R u b r i c a t the e n d o f t he C o mm u n i o n Se r v i c e The
wa rd en s i n
mm f or
ggggk
B r ea d a n d the Com m u n i on s ha ll be p r ovi d ed by le is
Pr a y
r o
wa r d en s
.

the Cu r a te and the Chu r ch -

at the cha rg es o f the
Pa ri s h .
”
G r ea t t
s r es s i s, h ow e ver ,
la id on t wo p a s s a ge s b y th o s e
who h o l d th a t Ob a l t i on of t he l
e em en s t is en o i n e d
j by
t
Pos i i on o f
t he Pra y e r B o o k . The fi r s t o f th es e i s t he R u b ri c wh i ch thos e who
r un s as fo ll o w s “
A n d when the r e i s a Com m u n i on hOId Ob la uo n
: ,
o f e l e men s t .

the P r i es t s ha ll then p la ce up on the Ta ble so m u ch B r ea d

and Wi n e a s he s ha ll thi n h s ufl
,
ici en t T h i s i s s a i d t o m ea n th a t he .
”

s h a ll m a k e a n Ob l a t i on o f th e m t h e r e as o n a ll e ge d i s t h a t t he Pra y e r

for t he C hu r ch Mi l i ta n t i mm e d i a t el y fo ll o w s i n wh i ch t he s e c o n d ,

p a s s a ge a ll u d e d t o occu r s : We hu m b l y be s e e ch th e e m os t m e r c i fu lly
“

[ to a ccep t ou r a lms a n d obla ti on s a nd

] t o r e c e i v e th e s e o u r p r a y e r s
, ,

wh i ch we o ffe r u n t o thy Di vi n e Maj es ty I t i s a rgu e d th a t a lms .

”

r e fe r s t o t he R u b r i c o n t he O ffert or y an d obla t i on s t o th a t o n ,

t he p l a c i n g o f t he b r e a d an d w i n e ; the w o r d i n the l a tt e r
”
then
“

”
R u b r i c m e a n i n g a t th a t p a rt o f the s e rv i c e .

No w e v e n a s r egard s the E n gl i s h w or d s i t i s we s u b m i t h a rd l y , ,

r o b a b l e th a t s o s ol e m n an ac t a s an Ob l a t i on to
p

g
t
Al m ighty Go d w o u l d b e d es cr i b e d i n s uch h o m el y a n d a figffig
’ ‘

c om m on p l a c e l a n gu age a s th a t o f the R u b r i c the

1
P r i es t s ha ll then p la ce up on the Ta ble so m u ch B r ea d a nd R u br i c .

Wi n e ,
as he s ha ll thi n h j
su ici en t .
”
w i th th i
C on tr a s t
s the

re ver e n t i a l t o n e o f t he p re v i o u s R u b r i c r e l a ti n g t o t he o ffe ri n g o f

a l ms the D ea con s Chu r ch wa r d en s or other j i t p er s on pp oi n ted f or

“ -
,
a
,

tha t p u rp os e,
”
t
a f er c o ll ect i n g the A [m s f or the P oor , a n d other d ev oti on s

o f the p eo p le,
i n a d ecen t ba son to be p r ovi d ed by the P a r i s hf or tha t

p ur p os e,
”
s h a ll r ev er en tly br i ng i t to the P r i es t, who s ha ll hu mbly
”
p r es en t a n d p la ce i t u
p on t he holy Ta ble . I t w o ul d t
a p p e ar s r a n ge th a t
F or t he u s e o f a B ag, cf a s e r m on i n Le n t at t he c hur c h o f St An d r e w of t he a
. V ll y t
e a

k k
.

M Lo n d , 1 7 04 :- “ Tha t Mon t he r e
"
R o me , q u ot e d i n The F ra u d s of R o m i s h
“
on s and Pr i e s t s , .

w l
ma d e m e , s o r e a g a i n s t m y i l , p u t a c ro n i n t o t he B a g w .
"
64 CR I TICA L A ND E X E GE TICA L .

t he t e rm s r ev er en tly a n d a gai n
“
hu mbly p r es en t
”
s h ou l d be ap p l i ed
to an Ob a l t io n wh e rea s n o s uch e x p res s i o n o f r e v e r e n t i a l
of m on ey ,
aw e was a p p l i e d to the s o c a l l e d O bl a t i o n o f t he e l em e n t s
- .

Aga i n d oes t he w or d
,
then i mp l y a t th a t p a r t o f the s er v i c e i m
“

m ed i a t ely p r e c e d i n g the Pr a y er for t he C h u r ch Mi l i ta n t ?

Mea m n g o f
t he w o rd All th a t t he R u br i c d ec i d e s 15 th a t the e l em e n t s s h a ll
t he n "
,

b e p l a c e d o n the t ab l e whe n ther e i s a Commu n i on ; “

th a t i s t o s ay a s Du r el p ut s i t,
“
gu oti es s a cr a Com m u n i o cele ,

br a bi t u r
”
,
wh en ev er the h ol y C om m u n i on s h a ll b e c e l eb ra t ed
“ ”
,

then u p o n e a ch s uch o cc a s i on t he Pri es t s h a l l p l a c e e tc In , .

fa ct Du p or t ( 1 6 6 5 ) om i t s th en a l t oge th er i n hi s G r e e k v e r s i o n
” “

m i 6r : S li m -
a 5“; y t v er a t ,
’

r o a oii r o r d p r ov r e xa i olv ou , SO, t OO, t he

We l s h ( 1 6 6 4 ) has no w ord
th e n A p h a n fo Cy mm u n yr
for “ ” “

Ofi e i ri a d a e s yd ar y B wr d d F a ra a G w i n b yn a d y bi o y n d d igo n oL
”
,

An e x a ct l y p ara ll e l e x p res s i on to th a t in t he E n gl i s h R u b ri c i s t o b e
fo u n d i n the th i rd R u b ri c i n the Pu b l i c B a p t i s m o f I n fa n t s An d
the P r i es t comi ng to the F on t whi ch i s then to befi lled wi th p u r e wa ter )
( , ,

Pr ob ab l y n o o n e w o u l d a s s e r t
”
a n d s ta n d i n
g ther e s ha ll s ay , e tc ,
.

th a t th i s m ean s th a t the fon t s h o u l d be fi l l ed o n the c o m i n g o f t he

r i es t t o i t
; e v ery o n e w o ul d a ll o w t h a t t he
”
then r e fe r s t o t he
“
p ‘

fi t w d of the R u b ri c
rs o r s When ther e a r e chi ld r en to be bap ti z ed
,
”
,

e tc .
j u s t as d o es a l s o the then i n the s e c o n d cl a u s e o f t he R u b r i c
“
,

A n d then the GoaY a ther s a n d God m other s a n d the

p eop le wi th the ,

Chi ld r en mus t be r ea dy a t the F on t ” e tc

, O th er s i m i l ar i n s t a n c e s , .
‘

m ight b e qu o t ed i n gr ea t a b u n d a n c e fro m the Pr a y er B oo k t wo

; ,

h ow e v er w i l l s u ffi c e for i l l u s t ra t i on In the l a s t R u b r i c b u t on e i n
, .

t he Co mm u n i o n o f t he Si ck we fi n d When the s i ch p er s on i s vi s i ted , ,

a nd r ecei veth the holy Comm u n i on a ll a t on e

”
ti me, then the P r i es t, e tc .

an d a ga i n in the s e c o n d R u b r i c
i n the Pr i v a t e B a p t i s m o f I n fa n t s ,
“
B u t when n eed s ha ll com el them s o to d o then B a ti s m s ha ll be
p , p
a d mi n i s ter ed on thi s a s hi on
f Nor d o e s the p os i t i o n o f .

The p o s mon
0 m mR u b ri c t e R u b ri c n e c e s s a r i ly i m p l y th a t th e e l e m e n t s a r e t o b e
h .

p l a c e d u p on the ta b l e a t th a t p a r t o f the s er vi c e fo r ,

man y of the R u b r i cs , an d a m on th em the v ery xt th i s ,

g ne to ar e
en t i rely ou t o f t h eir p ro
p er p l a c e .
 A L MS A ND OB L A TI ONS . 65

More c on v i n c i n g h o w ev er th a n all th i s i s the d i r ect t es t i m on y

, ,

affo r d e d b y Du r e l s La t i n a n d F r e n ch v ers i o n s th a t n o
’

H t y f i s or o
s u ch th i n g as a n o b l a t i o n o f t he e l e m e n t s wa s i n t e n d e d i n l m gi vi g a s- n

t he w o rd s o f the Pr a y e r fo r t he C hu r ch Mi l i ta n t
ggpggf
'
l
B u t we
t a ‘ s
.

s h a l l u n d e rs t a n d t h i s e v i d e n c e b e tt e r i f we r e v i e w fo r a

m o m e n t the h is t or y o f a l m s gi vi n g a t t he Lo r d s Su p p e r The o l d e s t
’
-
.

u n i n s p i r e d a cc o u n t o f s uch a l m s gi v i n g a p p ear s t o b e -

t h a t gi ve n b y Ju s t i n Ma r ty r ( 1 5 0 A D )
J t i M ty us n ar r.

Q u i b u s c o p i ae . .

s u p p e t u n t ij s ( s i c ) s i v olu n t q u i s q s u o a r b i t ra tu qu o d v u l t la r gi t u r
, ,
.
,

q u od q . c olli gi tu r , a p ud eu m qu i p r ae e s t r e p o n i t u r, i s q p u p i lli s , v i d u i s , .

ij s qu o s m o rb u s a li ave c a u s a i n op e s fe ci t , ijs q u i i n v i n cul i s s u n t ,

ho s p i t i b u s s u b ven i t .
” “
Th os e who h a v e m e a n s i f th e y w i s h , ,

giv e ch wh a t he w i s h es a t hi s o wn p l e a s u r e a n d wh a t i s c o ll e ct e d i s
ea ,

l a i d u p a t the h o u s e o f hi m who p r es id es a n d he s ucc o u rs o rp h a n s , ,

a n d w i d o w s a n d t h o s e wh o m d i s e a s e o r o th er ca u s e h a t h m a d e p o o r
, ,

a n d th o s e w Pa s s i n g t o c o mp ar a t i v e l y
”
ho a re i n b o n d s a n d s t ra n gers , .

m o d er n t i m es we fi n d i n t he F i rs t Pr a y er B oo k o f E d w a r d
, ,

Fi l z r
VI . t h i s R u b ri c a ft er the O ffe rt or y s en t e n ce s : géo ztf
I n the mea n ti me, whi les the Cler hs d o Ofler tory , Ed wa r d VI
'

s i ng t he

flZ r [u n ]to p oor men

’
so m a ny as a re d i sp os ed , s ha ll o
’
the s

box ev ery on e a ccor d i ng to hi s a bi li ty a nd cha r i ta ble mi n d .

And at the o fi ier i ng d ay s a

pp oi n ted
[Di e a ut e m o b la t i o n u m ,

A les s 1
55 1
] ev ery ma n and woma n s ha ll p ay to the Cu r a te
An d to Cu ra t e.
med m
f er zngs
”2
The l i er fo r m o f t he
‘

the d ue a n d a ccu s to . ea r

Pra y er fo r the C hu r ch Mi l i t a n t is n ot p la ce d in th i s b o o k i mm e d i a t el y
t
a f er th eO fi e rt ory , b u t i s the i n t ro d u ct o ry p a r t o f t he Pr a y e r
'

of Co n
s e c ra t i o n : th er e i s n o r e fe r e n c e i n i t e i th er t o a l m s o r
Se c on d
l t i o n s In the Se c on d Pra y er B oo k o f E d wa rd VI Pra ye r B oo k
ob a . .

o r Ed w VI
we h a v e t he R u b r i c s o m ewh a t a l t er e d Then s ha ll the
' '

Chu r ch wa r d en s or s ome other by them app oi n ted ga ther the d ev oti on of

, ,

m
flr
’
the p eop le, a nd p ut the s a me i n to the p oor men s box : an d u
p on the ’

i ng d ay s a pp oi n ted , every ma n a nd woma n s ha ll p ay to the Cu r a te the

A pl o 2 adAn t on Pi u m l m p e ra t , q u o t e d b y B i s ho Co w e r p p
t y k k
. . . .
,

The F i rs Pra e r B oo of E d war d VI

"
2
F r om Pa r e r a n d Co . .
, 1 87 7 .
 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L
66
.

d ue a nd a ccus tomed fl
o en ngs
'

.
”
The Pra y e r for the C hu r ch Mi l i t a n t
is p
lin
a cth
ed i s b o o k i n i t s p r e s e n t p o s i t i o n a ft e r t he
Pra c r ro r
b u rch o er or ff t y an d i s i
,
n m uch t h e sa m e fo r m M e n ti on i s .

Mi l i t an t al ms we hu m b l y
o n ‘y m a d e o f
. “ °

If t h b lm e re e n on e a s

Al m s o n l y b e s e e ch t h ee mos t m e r c i fully t o a cc e p t g i v t h p th en u n o t en
w d f
e oo r .

m e n t i o n ed h ll t h a e or s o ac

l t
s

ou r a m s a n d t o re c e i
,
v e th e s e o ur p t i g l m b l f cc n our a s e e

t id ou u n sa .

ra y e rs e r e as o n for th i s wa s th a t t he o h
”
p . T h

lat i o n s or o ffe ri n gs to t he C u ra t e w er e c o n s i d er e d a s d u es p a y a b l e a t
fix ed ti me s Th i s i s t he s a m e ( wi t h t he e xc e p t i o n o f a l m o s e fo r
.

i n ed s 1 5 5 9 a n d n o fo r n o n e i n o n e e d 1 5 5 2 1 5 5 9
” ”
a l ms
“
.
,
.
, , ,

a n d a ll a ft er w a r d s ) i n t he e d i t i o n s o f 1 5 5 9 1 6 0 4 1 607 and 1 6 3 4 , , , ,

a n d i n t h e Sc o tch Li tu rgy o f 1 6 3 7 In th i s Pr a y e r .

R ub r i c
B oo k o f 1 55 2 a R u b ri c i s a d d e d a t t he e n d o f t he C o m
a d d ed i n

1 5 52 o n m u n i o n i n th es e t erm s : A n d n ote tha t ev e P a r i s hi on er

“
,
«Cl f al
fi fig
s
e s ha ll com m u n i ca te, a t the lea s t thr ee ti mes i n the y ea r : o f
whi ch E a s ter to be A n d y ea r ly a t E a s ter , every
on e

P a r i s hi on er s ha ll r echon wi th hi s Pa r son , Vi ca r or Cu r a te, or hi s , or

the i r d ep u ty or d ep uti es , a nd
p ay to them or hi m a ll eccles i a s ti ca l d u ti es ,
Th i s i s t he s a me
”
a ccu s toma bl
y d u e, then a nd a t t ha t ti me to bep a i d .

i n E l iza b e t h b ook ,
th t f J m an d in
’

55 9 s a o a
1 e s I,
1 6 04 .
,
.

I t i s i n t e r e s t in g to n o t e th a t i n th i s R u b r i c Q u een E l i za
Pra y e r B o o k b e t h s La t i n Pra y e r B o o k d e c i ma s o b l a t i o n e s
gi v es
’
, , ,
“
d ec i m a s
c e t e ra q u e d e b i t a
”
o b l a t i o n es :
a s t he e qu i v a l e n t for eccles za s tzca l
“

”
d u ti es T he R u b r i c b efor e t he Pra y er for the C hu r ch
.

Mi l i ta n t i s In terea aed i l es s eu a l ii qu i b u s i llu d m u n u s ,

as s i gn a b i tu r c oll i en t obla ta m a u l l m m
g , o
p p o e e e o s yn a ,

i n c i s ta m a d p a u p eru m u s u m r ep o n en t Si n gu li i t e m .
‘

o b l a t i o n es c o n s u e ta s ob l a t i o n e s d e c i m a s s u o t e m p or e Pa s t o r i
8‘
In the Pra y e r i ts e lf we h a v e
”
p e rs olv e n t .
u t c le m e n t e r

[
a c c i p i a s h aec m u n e ra a tqu e ha s
] p r e c e s n o s tr as
”
, an d i n ,

t he ma rgi n , Si n u lla la rgi a tu r eleemosy n a om i tti t u r ( h aec m u n era

“

We mu s t tu rn no w to the Sc o tch Li tu rgy o f 1 63 7 . The R u b r i c

Fi rs t Pra y er B oo k of Ed w ard VI .
"
Par k e r an d C0» 1 87 7
 A LMS A N D OB LA TI ON S . 67

a f e r t he Ofi ert o ry i s foll o w s Whi le the p r es by ter d i sti n ctly p r o

'

t as :

n oun ces so me or a ll o f thes e s en ten ces f or the m f er tory the Scot ch

'

d eacon or ( if n o s uch be p r es en t ) on e of t he ch u r chwa r d en s L i t u gy o f r

16 3 7
s ha ll
'

r ecei ve t he d evoti on s o f the p eop le ther e p r es en t i n ,

a
De v o i o n s t ,

ba s on p r ov i d ed f or tha t p u rp ose when a ll ha ve fi r ed o r o b l a . And ,

he s ha ll r ever en t ly br i ng the s a i d ba s on wi th the obla ti on s

t io n s "
,

the r ei n a n d d eli ver i t to the p r es by ter who s ha ll hu mbly p r esen t i t

, ,

bef or e the Lor d a n d s et i t up on the holy ta ble In the Pr a y e r fo ll o w

”
, .

i n g h o w e v e r r e fe r e n c e i s o n ly m a d e a s we h a v e s e e n t o a l m s
, , , , .

We c o m e n o w to the l a s t r e v i s i o n o f t he E n gl i s h Pra y e r B oo k .

At t he Sa v o y C o n fe r e n c e i n 1 6 6 1 o n e o f t he o b j e ct i o n s Sa vo y C o n
m a d e t o t he C o mm u n i o n Se rv i c e wa s th a t fo u r o f t he {c r e m e

O ffe r t o ry s e n t e n c e s w er e m or e p rop er t o d ra w o u t the p e o p l e s b o u n ty

“ ’

t o th e i r m i n is te r s th a n th e i r ch a ri ty t o t he p oor
”
Th i s .
2

s h o w s t h a t t he o ffe r i n gs t o m i n i s t e r s w e r e a t t h i s t i m e

m a d e s ep ara te l y fr o m t he o ffe r i n gs fo r t he p o or ; a n d i i i
fa ct we s h o u l d h a v e j u d ge d t h i s t o b e the ca s e fr o m t he
R u b r i c a s t he C hu r chw a r d e n s p u t the d evoti on of the p eop le
,
i n to “

the p oor men s box wh er ea s t he p e op l e w ere t o p ay to the Cu r a te

’
,
” ” “

the i r a ccus tomed W r i ngs It m a y b e th a t th i s o bj e c t i on p o i n t s

.
’

t o s o m e r e a l a b u s e b u t a t a n y r a t e i n t he r e v i s i o n o f
,

1 6 6 2 a r e fo r m was m a d e In t he r e v i s e d Pr a y e r B o ok Pr g
.
ffi o k , gf g
a s we h a v e i t t o d a y t he R u b r i c a ft er t he O ffe rt o ry
i
'

Cha ll s I I
,
.

a gr ee s w i th t he Sc o tch i n s u b s ta n c e b u t a d i s t i n ct i o n ,

is i n t r o d uc e d w i th r e fer e n c e t o the u s e s t o wh i ch t he O ffe r t o r y

is t o b e p u t A ll m e n t i o n i s o m i tt e d o f “
t he p o o r
No m e n t i o n
.

men s b ox ”
an d of o ffe r i n gs t o t he C u r a t e b u t i n o f Poo r j bO
’ “ X.
, ,

f t ; 3 3 5: $
C)

p l a c e o f t h es e t wo we h a v e a lms a n d other d evot i on s o

“

t he p p le,
eo wh i ch a re b o th t o b e r e c e i v e d i n a d ecen t b u t a l m s “ “

T h i s ch a n ge wa s a cc o mp a n i e d b y two o th er a l te ra
”
ba s on .

t i o n s fi r s tl y for a l m s we h a v e i n the Pra y er fo r the

“
,
s u b S ‘i ‘U t ed
,
°

C hu r ch Mi l i ta n t a lms a n d obla ti on s ;
,
“
a n d s e c o n d l y t he fo ll ow i n g ,

Fi t P y rs B k f E d w d VI
ra er P k oo d C o S e l P t H i to y f B k f
ar . ar er an o. e a so r oc o r , s r o oo o

C or m P y
on p ra L de r, 87 0.
n 3 5 on on , 1 0.
.

2
P t
r oc H i t y f B ok f C m m
or , s orP y op Lo d
o 87
o o on ra e r, . 12 0 . n on , 1 0.

6
68 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

R u b r i c i s a d d ed at the e n d of the wh o l e s er v ice x p l a n a t i on

as a n e

Dr Ca rd w e ll ys ) o f t he d i s t i n ct p u rp o s es d e n o t e d
“

T wo o m“ ( so . sa

c ha n ges w o rd s a l m s a n d
b y the t wo
‘
Pe r h a p s a s ,

a lms a n d

t
o b l a i on s we s h a ll s h o w fa r t h e r o n i t w o u l d b e m o r e a ccu ra t e t o
,

l w h w
{3:21
x t i f h i wh i ch u d t
1 33 !
3 n e r e n e
sa y a s a n e p a n a o n o t ,
e a y n ,

Mi l i t a n t m o d e of c ol l e ct i o n the p rop ort i o n o f a l m s wa s t o b e fi x e d ,

,

a n d a n e w a n d i n wh i ch s uch a l ms w e re t o b e d i s t r i b ut e d Th is .

Ru b r i c
R u b r i c r u n s as foll o ws : Af ter the D i vi n e Ser vi ce en d ed the
'
“

be d i sp os ed of to s u ch p i ou s a n d cha r i t
mon ey gi ven a t the Q flier tory s ha ll

a ble us es a s the Mi n i s ter a n d Chu r ch wa r d en s s ha ll thi n h fi t - . Wh er ei n

”
if they d i s agr ee, i t s ha ll be d i sp os ed of a s the Or d i n a ry s ha ll app oi n t .

Dr Ca rd we l l s o p i n i o n i s th a t b o th al ms and ob l a ti o n s
’
.

“
r e fe r t o the o ffe ri n gs m a d e i n m o n ey .
”
Mr . Pr o ct o r
O pi n i o n s o r
Dr C a rd .
a s o wri es l t : The other d evoti on s f
o the p eo l
p e, or obla

i hhi
l ll
ti on s f or the p oor m a y d i s t i n ct fr o m the a lms
M l r or’ as ,

” 2
e u n d e rs t o o d t o re fe r t o a n y gi ft s for p i o u s p u r p o s es
}
ol a b
“

g
o
n .

n on s
A n d he a d d s th i s v a l u a b l e r e m a r k Wh a t e v e r i s i n c l u d e d
’

i n t he t e r m o b l a t i on s ) ha s b e e n r e c e i v e d fr o m the p e o p l e i n

t he b as on wh e th e r s i m p l y for the p o o r o r fo r t he Mi n i s t er o r fo r t he
, , ,

s e rv i c e o f the chu r ch o r fo r a n y ch a r i t a b l e u s e T he e l e m e n ts fo r c o m
, .

m u n i o n a re n o t s o ga th er e d fro m t he p e o p l e In the c o m m o n ca s e .

o f a c o l l e ct i o n w i t h o ut c o m m u n i o n t he w or d s w o u l d b e u s e d i n t he ,

So t oo Mr Pu r t o n d e fi n e s a l m s a n d o b l a t i o n s
”
Mr p u ton s p
.
r a yre r 3 ’
.
, , .

O P‘m ‘m
T he m o n e y o fi e ri n gs wh i ch h a v e b e en c o ll e ct e d d u r
“ '

as

g t he rea d i n g o f the s e n t e n c e s 4 T h e s e o p i n i o n s i t w i ll b e s e e n
”
in .
, ,

Ob l a a r e d ia me t ri ca ll y o
p p o s ed to th a t p ro p o u n d e d b y Mr B l u n t . .

t i o n s a re TheY a ll C ODCU F ln r ega rd i n g o bl a t i on s a s m o n e ta ry u

ce rt a in l y
m n e ta y o ffer i n gs n or i s i t eas y to c o n c e i v e ho w a n o n e w i th t he
y
0g
r ,

ev i d e n c e b e fo r e hi m c o u l d en t erta i n a n
c n n gS 0 0

th
o o

y o er Op i n i o n .

To p ro c eed n o w to t he t es t i mo n y o f Du re i s v e r s i o n s we s h a ll ‘’

fi n d th a t he a l s o r e gar d s ob l a t i o n s a s n e i th er m or e n or l e s s th a n
“

C d w ll C f p 38
’
"
ar e s on e re n c es . 2
, .

P y p 35 h w v
3
P C mm W
u n
t r oc or , o t on dra th er,
( pp 77
. 0, no e 2 . e c ons i er is , o e er se e . ,
ra th t er wi d d ooip ti f th p p e a t whi h t h O fi
es c r ppl i d ’

y m y b
on o
t e ur os e s o c e
Ib d
e r or a e a e .
3 i .
p .
3 51, no t e 3 .

The Co m mun i ca n t , "

by W . O Pu rt on
. . l
Pu b is hed b y E . St oc k , Lo n d on .
 E GE TI CA L
CR I TI CA L A ND E X - .

7o
ff i
“
ob a l t io n s w er e s o m e th i n g o f t he n a t u r e of t y o e r n gs m o n e ar ,

h w e re i n t h e fi n a l 1 e Vi S i n
”
o ,

t h ou gh the w ord s gi u e n t o t e p o o r ,

la tio w i v n t o t h e M i n i s t e r T h is
o m i t t ed b e ca u s e t he
e
ob e g
.

n s e r
,

Pr a ye r th ro u gh t he p re s s
B oo k .

h O ff
Of t he t wo R b u r i c s wh i ch a r e p l a c e d b e t we e n t e e r or
t y
s e n
.

r ch M t
i l i t t h f o r m e r r ea d s
t e n ce s a n d t he P r a y e r fo r t h e C hu a n e ,

thu s i n the E n gl i s h Pra y er B o o k : I Vh i ls t th es e S e n t en ces /

are i n r e a d i ng th e D ea co ns C h u rc h w a r d en s o r
,
o th er fi t
,
-
,

the A lms
.

tha t os e, s ha ll r ecei ve
p e r s on a pp oi n ted f or p u rp
l i d t b n to be
f or th e P oor ,
a n d o th e r d evo t i ons o f t h ep p e ,
n a e cen a s o eo

i i th
‘

d t l b r ng t t o e
r ov i d ed by the P a r i s h f or tha t p y
u rp os e a n r ev er en
p ”
d l i t p t h h l
y T a ble
P r i es t, who s ha ll hu mbly p r es e
e o
n t a n p ac e u on .

Durel s La
’
i n ra n s a t i o n o f t h i s i st a s fo l o ws l t l
Du m i s ta r ec i ta n t u r D ia con i , \Vhi le th os e ( thi n gs ) a re b ei n g te

i d i tu i ,
‘
a lti v e a q u i bu s
d hoc i d on e i ,
,

hea rs e d , ( t he ) De a c on s , C hu r c h w d ar en s ,

i llu d m u n er i s d em a n d a tu m es t , E leem o t
o r o he r ( p e rs o n s ) s u i a b l e fo r t t hi s, to

sy n a m i n p a up er u m usu s w h m th t ( p t i ) f v i h b
o a or on o s er ce as e en

E lee m o er og a ta m "
colligen t , u t i t t d h ll g th (th ) A l m pp
n ru s e ,
s a a er e s a ro

i d t ( )h u f ( th ) p
SE AHA
‘ oo r
al i a s p op u li obla t i on es i n
S ‘ e
’ t r a e t un o e s es o
; i n A m u ld
p
m l ( t h ) t h b l ti f th er o a on s o e
p i os
3 usus s eu en , a s a s o e o
po pu l i o h
,

la t i o n es la n ce u ton eti ( i Pa r och za m s p pl eo t d v t

e un o i T k d e ou u s es , n a an ar

i t b l d i h p v i d d b y ( th ) P i h
.

in hu n c u s u m co mp a r a td , or s u a e s ro e e ar s

w nq ue a d Pr es by teru m r ever en ter a

f i o n e rs t thi un o d h ll b i g i t s u s e, an s a r n

a u te m , m od es to P b yt b t b y hi m
j er en té ab i llo u
’

er,
ges t u ac re s ,

11m m ]: s u er sacr d rl/

p en s d colloc ab i t u r .
”
wi th m d t d l w ly r i g i t
a o es an o ca r a e

s ha ll be a r r a n ged u p on t h e ho ly T a b l e .

See p 7 8 on ( Ec o n o mi s O r
“
as ed fo r
2
k
y
. . .

3 T r a n s a t ed l v l
d e ou t o n t he a na o g o f p i i R e li g i o n i s i n the Ded i ca t i o n
"
.

“
A m u let
”
i s re ta i ne d i n E d s 1 68 5 , 1 68 7 , 1 696 , 1 7 0 3 ; a n d i n Pa rs e 1 7 1 3 an d 1 7 16 G ll .

y ly
.
.

B w e r s E d s 1 7 3 3 a n d 1 7 4 4 ha e s i m p
o
‘ “
i n la n c e i d o n e fi v
"
Pe r ha s “
A m u ld
”
was a m i s p
y
. .

p r i n t for
- ” "
v
A rr Id a, d i m i n u t i e of Ar ea , a co m m o n wo r d for m on e -
bo x
"
A mu la is t ra n
' ’

ly k y
.

s a
l t e d a H o - w a t e r -t a n a rd in
“
A Di ct i ona r E ng li s h -La ti n a n d La t in -E n g li s h b y E i s ha l
( o ld la t e o f Ma g d C o , O x o n
, . ll
Si x t h Ed i t i o n Lo nd , 1 7 08 an d s u c h a e s s e
. .
a ha e be e n ,
. v l my v
m ed for co ll ect i n g i n t hos e c hu r ches whi c h poss es se d on e B a x t ex ( 1 8 2 1 ha s p t ll
a 6 a .

5 So me E d s ha v e a m is p r i n t , “
a ffc ra t .
 A L lll S A N D OB L A TI ON S '
.
7i

Dur el th e n t ra n s l a t es “
A lms a nd other d ev oti on s f
o the
”
p p le,
eo by E leem osy n a m at 69 °
a li a s p op u li
t
Ob l a i o n es
obla ti on es m p i os us u s ; h ere b r i n gs o u t t he fu ll
he a e
r
“
d e vo

p re s en t a n d p l a c e t he l a tt e r
”
o f th e E n gl i s h
“
sense ,

b ein g ob l a
”
e xp r e s s ed by c o llo ca b i t u r t he fo r m e r b y
,

ti o n e s i n p i os u s u s ,
a n Ob l a t i o n o f c o u r s e i m p l y i n g a p re s e n t a
tio n .

T he xt t i m e th i s w o r d o b l a t io n es o ccu r s i n Du re l s La t i n
ne
“ ’

v e r s i o n i s a t the c o m m en c e m e n t o f t he Pra y e r fo r the C h u r ch Mi l i

t a n t wh e r e we fi n d e le e m o s y n a s a tqu e o b l a t i on e s
“ ”
, as
E lee m o s y
hi s r e n d e r i n g o f a l m s a n d o b l a t io n s As o n l y o n e n as a tq u e
“ ”
.

O b la m n w
‘

s h or t R u b r i c i n t e r v e n e s b e tw ee n th a t c o n t a i n i n g the
w o r d s E le e m o s yn a m a l i a s p o p u l i ob l a t i o n e s
“
ut a n d t he ,

p r a y e r i n wh i ch we h a v e
”
e le e m o s y n a s a tqu e o b l a t i o n e s th er e c a n ,

b e n o d o u b t th a t Du r e l u s e d t he t e r m obl a t i on e s
”
i n t he s a m e “

s e n s e i n b o th p a s s a ge s ; th a t i s t o s a y i t i s e v i d e n t th a t he u n d e r
,

ob la ti o n s s u gges t e d b y hi s p a t r o n C o s i n a n d
”
s t o o d t he t e r m
“
,

c o p i e d b y hi s fr i e n d Sa n c r o ft t o r e fe r t o the o th er d e v o t i o n s o f
,

t he p e op l e an d in n o w
,
a y t o a n o ffe r i n g o f b re a d a n d w i n e b y th e

Pr i e s t .

Aga i n i n Du r el s F r e n ch t r a n s l a t i o n t he a ccu r a cy o f wh i ch wa s
’

, , ,

a s we h a v e s h o w n a tt e s t e d i n d u e fo r m b y t he B i s h o p
,
Du re l s ’

o f Lo n d o n s ch a p l a i n a n d wh i ch b e ca m e th e r e u p o n
’
,
F re n c h ,
v e rSlo m
i n a cc o r d a n c e w i th t he k i n g s o r d i n a n c e
’
t he o n ly ,

a u th o r i z e d F r en ch v e r s i o n we fi n d the fo l l o w i n g r e m ark a b l e
,

fa ct . In o u r E n gl i s h Pr a y er B o o k i t w i l l b e re m e m b e r e d t he , ,

r ch Mi l i t a n t r e fe rr e d t o a b o v e
'

a e i n th e Pr a y e r fo r t he C hu
p a s s g
r e a d s t hu s

We h u m b l y b es ee ch th ee m o s t m er c i fu ll y [to a ccep t ou r a lms a n d

If t he r e be n o a lm s or obl a t i on s t hen
obla t i on s a n d
] t o re c e i v e th es e o u r ,

s ha ll t he wo d s (o f a c c e p t i n g o u r a l m s
,

r
p r a y e rs wh i ch we o ff e r u n t o th y ,
a n d o b l a t i o n s ) be le ft ou t u n s a i d Div i n e Maj e s ty Du re l s v e r s i o n
.
’ ’
.

is th i s
7 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

hu m b l e me n t qu i l l i
'

N us
o te s u p p l io n s b ien - te p a s e a cce p ter no:

d il l/1057 1:! 69 °
n o: obla ti on s

In Pmye r Ce c r s e ra o m i s l o rs q u 11 n y a u ra
re c e v o ” n os Pri e r e s ’
a u m os n e .
fo r C hu rc h p om t d
t t
Mi l i a n . q ue no us p re s e n t o n s a
E zlii: Maj es té th a t Du r el i n c l u d e d
‘ s
T ta Di v i n e .
”
H e r e we s ee

o f t he m a r gi n a l n o t e
i
éflj d i: a l ms
"
‘ u n d er the a u m os n e
“ “
or
e

ma rg i n a l bo t h t he
“
a u m os n e s an d t he o b l a t io n s
“
o f t he t e xt o f
”

$ 33 5 : t he p ra y e r . H is t ra n s l a t i o n o f the a lms f or the p oor and

i n t he R u b r i c i s
”
othe r d evoti on : f the p l
p e l
e
o eo s au

m o s n e s p o u r les p o vr e s les a ut res c ha r i te z d u p eup le .

”
We s e e
t t
fro m hi s r e e n i o n o f t he t wo t e r ms h ere th a t he d i d n o t c o n s id e r
d e v o t i o n s o r o b l a ti o n s as p r e c i s e l y the sa m e b u t
”
a l ms a nd ,

i t i s a l s o p e r fec t l y c l ea r t h a t he c o n s i d ere d ob l a t i o n s
“

th i n g s o ge n e r i ca ll y d i s t i n ct fr o m a l ms
“
a t o b e n o as t o

b e i n ca p a b l e o f b e i n g i n c l u d ed u n d e r t he w i d e t e r m
22:31e
In o t h er w o r d s he h e r e as i n t he La t i n
”
a u m os n e .
,

Li t u rgia r ega rd s
, o b l a t i on s a s a n o ffe r i n g o f m o n e y .

Nor d id Du re l a c t b l i n d l y i n t hu s s ta m p i n g t he t e r m o b l a t i o n s
w i t h the me an i n g o f a n o ffe ri n g o f m o n e y a n d n o t o f t he
af fi x? e l e men t s F o r we fi n d th a t the R ub ri c A n d when ther e
.

”
i s a Comm u n i on e tc c a m e i n s u b s t a n c e fr o m t he R u b ri c
,
.
,
of

E eme n t s i n t he Sc o tch Li tu r f 1 63 7 t h h w w h v
l gy o e r e o e v e r e a e , ,

s ha ll then m r u
fi
“
p a n d p la ce w i th r ega r d t o t he E le
’
,

m e n t s an d we fi n d fro m Sa n c ro ft s MS n o t e s th a t th e r e ’
.

was s o me p ro p o s i t i o n fo r r e ta i n i n g t he w or d s of er u ; b u t t he “
p
w o r d s o ffe r u p w e re n o t a d o p t e d w r i t e s Dr Ca rd w e ll
So t he i r , .

a n d s o we ar e m e t b
y t he s i n gu l ar a n d s ign i fi ca n t c i r cu m
mati n g“ s a n
m u s t ha ve t c th a t the t er m o b l a ti on s w i t h r e gar d to m on e y
e ” “

was i n s e r t e d b y t he v e ry p ers on s who cu t o u t t he e x re s

p
s i on 0He r u p w i t h rega rd t o t he e l e m e n t s T h i s o f
”
“
.

i t se l f i s go od e v i d e n c e th a t t he R ev i s e r s n e v e r c o n c e i v e d th e i r w o r d
ob la t i o n s t o i m p l y a n o ff e ri n f b w
g o r ea d a n d in e .

Th es e t
s a e me n st t d e r iv e fu r th er s u p p o rt fro m t he fa ct th a t i n n on e

Ca rd we ll p 38
'

s C o n fe r e n c e s ,
"
.
2 . Thir d E d .
 A L MS A ND OB L A TI ON S
'

.
73

of Du re l s w o rk s i n d e fe n c e
’
of C hu r ch i n s t i tut i o n s a nd d o ct r i n e s
d oe s he v i n d i c a t e an Ob la t i o n o f the E l e me n t s . We h a v e
hi s s er m on ,
“
T he Li tu rgy o f t he C hu r ch of Eng an dl Du r e l
wh
no e re
a s s er e d
t "
wh e re he d e fe n d s t he n e w l y -r ev i s e d n ca es vi d i t
a on o f Ob l ti
Li t u rgy a ga i n s t the a tt a ck s o f t he No n c o n for m i s t s a n d e en s El m t .
”

a ga i n hi s
,
V i e w o f t he G o v e r n m e n t a n d Pu b l i c Wo r s h i p
“

o f Go d i n t he R e for m e d C hu r ch e s b e y o n d t he Se a s
( 1 6 6 2 ) a n d hi s
”

s u b s e qu e n t w o r k p u b l i s h e d t he y e a r b e fo r e hi s La t i n Pra y e r B o o k
, ,

Sa n ct ae E cc l e s i ae A n gli c a n ae Vi n d i c i ae
”
wh e r e i n ch a p x x i he
, , . .
,

t rea t s e x p r e s s l y o f th os e th i n gs wh i ch the Pr e s b yt e ri a n s c e n s u r e i n
“

t he Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t he Sa c ra m e n t s a cc or d i n g t o t he R i t e o f t he

B u t i n n o n e o f th e s e d oe s he d e fe n d a n O b l a t i o n
”
E n gl i s h C hu r ch .

o f b r e a d a n d w i n e a s he c e r t a i n l y w o u l d h a v e d o n e ha d t he No n c o n
,

for m i s ts c e n s u r e d s uch a n Ob l a t i o n 3 a n d t he o n ly p o s s i b l e
r e a s o n why th e y d i d n o t c e n s u r e i t i s th a t i t wa s a th i n g

u n re c o gn i z e d b y t he C hu r ch a t t he p e ri o d o f R e v i s i o n .

Du r e l s o p p on e n t s who a s s e r t e d t h a t T he Ta b l e s w er e
’ “

tu r n ed i n t o a l t a r s w o u l d h a v e b e e n t he fi r s t t o c e n s u re a n o ffe r
,
“

i n g o n th os e a l t a rs 3 b u t t he o n ly gr o u n d s o f th e i r c om p l a i n t a r e
”

t he p o s i t i on o f the Ta b l e a n d the r e v e r e n t r e p l a c i n g o f t he r e ma i n d e r
,

o f t he e l e m e n t s a ft er a ll ha d c o mm u n i c a t e d Mor eo v e r .
,

we d o n o t fi n d a s i n gl e r e fe r e n c e to a n Ob l a t i on o f t he
fi ii ifiiai:
o e l

e l e m e n t s i n t he No n c o n fo r m i s t w r i t e r s o f th a t p e ri o d c o n fo r m i s t .

B o n a s u s Va p u la n s
”
T he “
Pa tr o n u s B o n a e F i d e i a n d
w r i t t en i n r e p l y to Du r el the H i s t or y o f C o n “

fo rm i ty o r a p roo f o f the m i s ch i e f o f I m p os i t i o n s ( I 6 8 1 ) the Pl ea

, ,

fo r t he No n c o n for m i s t s a n d o th e r w o r k s a t t a ck i n g t he r i t es

a n d d o ct ri n es o f t he C h u r ch c o n t a i n n o m e n t i o n wh a t e v e r o f a n
,

Ob l a t i o n o f t he E l e m e n t s Nor d oe s Nea l m a k e a n y a l l u s i o n to i t
.

H i s t ory of t he Pu r i t a n s wh e re he e n u m e ra t e s m a n y o f the
”
i n hi s ,

a l t era t i o n s a n d a d d i t i o n s m a d e a t the l a s t R e v i s i on o f the Pr a y e r B o o k

b y Con v o c a t i o n .

The c o n t e m p or a n eo u s v e rs i o n s i n W e l s h a n d i n Gr ee k t en d t o
s u p p o r t Du re l i n m a k i n g the o b l a t io n s a n o ff e r i n g o f m o n e y
”
“
In .
74 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

t he We l s h l ms
Pra ye r B oo k of r 6 6 4,
x
fo r
“
s h a ll re e i
c ve t he a ,
e tc . in
d d e rb y n i a n t yr E lu s e n au i r th o
’

R u b ri c we fi nd “
t he ,
a

The Vi e w d i on , a d e fo s i o n a u era i ll y B o b l m e wn c a wg gwe d d u s ”

'

of ob la
t
ion s as Th e n in t he Pra y e r fo r the C h u r ch Mi l i ta n t we h a v e ,

67 7] a
n ggg
’
a y
h e lu s e n i in Ed
ei n e lu s e s e n i [
“
m m ry d h
“ 1
gy e .

pp t d
su or e ho fi ry m ma u ,
'
”
an d i n t he m ar gi n a l no e t On i byd d d i m
“

by We l s h
ve rs i o n . e lu s e n i n ac o fi ry m au , yga d a we r y
u a ge m a u hyn ( gy m

e i n e lu s e n i a c oflr m au
) h b d d w d d
'

m e ry d e y e y to
y
OH m
cc e p t an d o fi e r m gs , th e r e b e n o
9)
an d
a
If
'

m an or ,
a o u r a lm s

9 b l‘l i ‘o m ’

15 pl u ra l of
a lms o r o fi e nn gs , t h en s h a l l t he w or d s ( o f a cc e p t i n g o u r

ofl wm
”
or a l ms an d e tc Now t he w or d u s e d fo r
gt
.
.

0 e r o ry
ho fi rymm a u , o ffry m
” '
“
o ffe r i n gs or o b a i on s , l t ls or

man h i s m u t a t i v e ) wh i ch i s n o th i n g b u t the p l u r a l
( for the
“ ”
,

o ffr wm
”
t he w o rd i n c o mm on u s e fo r t he
'

o fi e rt ory
“
of
“
.
,

Th ere i s a s o m ewh a t s i n gul ar cu s t o m o b tai n i n g i n m a n y o f t he

o l d e r p ar i s h es o f t he Pri n c i p a l i ty o f Wa l e s At a fu n e r a l
W el s h
.

c us to m a t t he m o u rn e rs a n d fr ie n d s fr e qu e n t l y c o m p r i s i n g a ,
fu n e ra l s
gr ea t p ro p o r t i o n o f t he p ari s h i o n ers w a lk i n p r o c e s s i o n
.

a s t the m i n i s t e r who s ta n d i n g a t the C o m m u n i o n ra i l r e c e i v e s th e i r

p , , ,

o ffe r i n gs A We l s h cl ergy m a n i n fo r m s u s th a t i n m o s t ca s es the u s u a l

.

s u m t o gi v e i s o n e p e n n y a n d l i t tl e ch i l d r e n e v e n th o s e i n a rm s a r e
, , ,

t a u ght t o gi v e a h a l fp e n n y Th e s e o fi e ri n gs ar e ca l l e d b y t he v e r y
'

s a m e w o rd o fi r ym a u
”
wh i ch i s u s e d h e r e for o b l a t i o n s , s o th a t
'
”
, ,

i t i s cl ea r th a t the We l s h t r a n s l a t or s c on s i d er ed ob la t i o n s to
“

re fe r to m o n e y gi v e n i n the
”
o ffer t ory .

Tu rn i n g n ow t o the G re e k v e r s i o n o f Du p or t we fi n d i n
t he R u b r c 9 7 079 m v na 609£ i a a g i Xenp oa tm a g ai m a r wa
'

Th i s Vi e w i
7 0 r t a
,

s u ppo r t ed X ov u o m hmbo r m tr un k
.

ovv r o d e v ot i o n s b e i n g h e r e
v a r v a v
, .

1 b
“ 3 1”“ e ( gi ft s )
u
In the Pra y er fo r the C hu r ch .

G re e k Mi l i tan t Du p ort has [ r é g i k t q p o mfiv a g Ka i n po mpomi g {” v re l

,
'
14 a
VC IS IO D ’

” A an d i n the m a rgi n i d » o h5ep i a éxenuo mfiv q xp f]

.

l
.

wa p a kt i m t v ii r a r ti (r d g thenp oo i wa c i wp oa p op d g i nl a y th a t
ra p np a r a Ka .
So

LLY F K G ws m Gv r r k s
'

'
v nm,
"
e tc .
, MDC Lx Iv . Sc e n ot e on q u od n o b is d a ru r i n Ca t e
c hi s m .
 A LM A ND OBL A TI ON S
‘

. .
75

he i n c l u d e s b o th a l m s ‘ ’
an d
‘
o b la t i o n s
’
u n d er a e np o o bm) . Th i s i s
m or e v a l u a b l e th a n s o m e p or t i on s of Du p ort s b o ok i n a s m uch
’

, as he
d oe s n ot h er e fo ll o w h i s p r e d e c e s s o r Pe tle y , who ha s ra é mr r ip ! 6wp o ¢o

p ia v d v a k a flci v , x xx
-
A As t o t he te rm wp omp op d g, t he n, wh i ch Du p or t
u s e s fo r o b l a t i o n s we can fi n d n o i n s ta n c e o f i t s u s e i n an y t h i n g
“
,

l i k e a s a c r i fic i a l s e n se ; t he v e r b fr o m wh i ch i t c o m e s ,
«p o a p ép w i s u s e d
t ,

p r i n c i p a l ly i n the s e n s e o f ( 1 ) (
”
to br i ng to an d 2 ) ,
to con t r i bu te, to

br i ng i n , to y i eld r £p o wa ,
d wp oa ¢ b ei n g s ou r ces of i n come ( d d el
Li l
an d Sc o tt ) . T h i s p r o b a b ly c o v e r s v e r y n e a rl y t he m ean i n g of ob al
”
t i o n s as t h os e
, o ffe ri n gs wh i ch form e d
o n e o f t he C u ra t e s
’

s o u r c es o f i n c o m e
”
.

Las t ly t he v i e w o f ob l a t i o n s as a m o n e ta r y o ffe r i n g i s s u p p or t e d
,

b y a n o t e m a d e i n MS i n a n i n t er l ea v e d Pra y er B oo k o f
.

A l so b y
r 6 63 ,
‘
t he y e a r a ft e r t h e R e v i s i o n ; wh e r e aft e r t h e w o r d a n n o t a t ed

i n t he Pr a y er fo r t he C hu r ch Mi l i ta n t we fi n d
“
o b l a ti o n s
P i ‘y g
gf fg?
t he m a r k o f o m i s s i o n a n d o n the m a rgi n o f t he p r i n t e d
,

n c e m e n t o f t he b o o k i s s a i d t o
”
p g a e
“
o n zi s s ,
wh i ch a t t h e c o m m e

m ea n t h a t s o m e t h i n g i s o m i t t e d ; th en o n th e o p p o s i t e p a ge t he ,

wo r d s w r i tt e n i n MS a s o m i t t e d aft er ob l a t i o n s are gi ven to the

.
, ,
”

p o or e
.
’
T h i s s h o w s t h a t th e a n n ot a t or c e r t a i n l y r e gar d e d t he ob l a

t io n s a s a n o fi e r i n g o f m on e y a n d n o t o f t he e l e m e n t s .

We h a v e n o w we tr u s t s h o w n c o n clu s i v e ly o n the e v i d e n c e o f
, , ,

Du r e l s F re n ch a n d La t i n v e rs i o n s th a t t he R e v i s e rs m e a n t
’

Mo r e e xa c t
,

n o th i n
g b u t a m o n e t a r y o ffe ri n g b y th e i r w o r d ob l a d e t e r mi n a t i o n

a n d h a v e s u p p o r t e d th i s b y gr o u n d s o f l i t e r a r y
t i on s
figfigsgtai f
e s

p r o p r i e ty b y hi s t o r y b y c o t e m p o r a n e o u s w r i t i n gs b y th e
, ,
0 fT e ri n g ,

W e l s h a n d G r e e k v er s i o n s a n d b y th e o p i n i o n s o f h i gh ,

m o d e rn a u t h o r i t i es W e m a y p r o c ee d t h e r e for e t o tr y
.
, ,

a n d d e t e rm i n e s t i ll m o r e a ccu r a t e ly t he m e a n i n g o f th e w or d ; t o
,

t r a c e t he u s e s t o wh i ch th e s e o b l a t i on s w e r e t o b e p u t ; a n d
” “

t o s e e wh a t s p e c i e s o f m o n e t a r y o fi e ri n g was d es i gn a t e d b y th a t

term .

The i m pi r nt of kw v
bo o , hi c h we ha e i n s e c t e d i n t he B od e i a n Li b ra r , i s ,
t h is p LO N DO N l y
y
,

Pr i n t ed b y j o h n B i ll a n d Ch r i s top he r B a r k e r , Pr i n t e rs t o t he K i n g s m o s t E xc e e n t Ma j es t ll .

MDC L XIII . p v
C u m ri i le gi o
"
.
76 CR I TI CA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

Mr Pu rt on w r i t es
. : The m o n e y wh a t e v e r p ithu s c oll e ct e d
o u s
,
to

u s e i t ma y a ft er w a r d s b e a p p l i e d i s re gar d e d i n the l gh t
i
V i e w o f Mr .
,

Pu r lo n a n d o f a lms wh e n v i e w e d i n r e s p e ct o f th os e who c o n t r i b ut e i t ,

M" Pro mo “ n i n the l i ht o f obla ti on s wh e n c o n s i d ere d i n r e fer e n ce

a d g
to hi m to wh o m i t i s offe r e d
”
Mr Pro ct or ha s a s i m i l a r s t a t e me n t
. . .
2

We a re u n a b l e t o a cqu i e s c e i n th i s i n t e rp r e t a t io n o f t he w o r d
o bl a t ion s In t he fi r s t p l a c e th i s e x p l a n a t i on a ffo r d s
“ ”
.
,

n o s u ffi c i e n t reas o n fo r t he i n s er t i o n o f t h e t e r m ob l a
“

a llo w s "0 t i o n s o n e hu n d r e d a n d t e n y ea rs a ft e r t he i n t r o d uct i o n

r e a s o n fo r

i n t rod uc t i o n o f t he m e n t i o n o f al m s i n t o the Pra y er for the C hu r ch

O f te n “

o bla tion s
M .
i l i ta n t Tr u e i t i s th a t a s o n e o f t he s e n t e n c e s , t a k e n
.
,

fro m Pr ov x i x ha s i t H e th a t h a th p i ty u p o n the p o or
.
, ,
“

l e n d e t h u n t o t he Lo r d , b u t th i s fa ct i s s u ffi c i e n t l y r e c o gn i z e d i n t he
”

O ffe r t ory s e n t e n c es w i th o ut t he n e c es s i ty for i ts i n s e r t i o n i n t he Pra y e r

fo r the C hu rch Mi l i t a n t b y t he i n t r od uct i on o f the w o r d o bl at i o n s
”
‘

Se c o n d ly we c o n c e i v e th a t the Offer t o r y Offer i n g o r

(2 ) The
, , ,

or O bl a ti o n i s m ad e d u ri n
fliiziiion n ot i n the Pra yer for the hu r ch Mi l i ta n t Th i s i s c l e a r
Of
g the r e a d i n g o f t he s e n t e n c e s a n d ,

t a k e s p la ize C .

S
u ri ii f fr o m th
ci
e R u b r ic s i n t he fi rs t Pr a y e r B oo k o f E d w ard
e n tg ig zs

V I we h a v e . whi les the Cler hs ( to s i ng the Q fler tory

,
“

Te m p o r e q u o ca n i t u r offe r t or i u m ” Ale s s an d i n our .

,

o wn Pr a y e r B o ok Then s ha ll the P r i es t r et u r n to the L or d s Ta ble

“ ’
,

a nd begi n the Qfl er tory , s ay i n

g on e or mor e o f thes e S en ten ces ,
”
e tc .

et m
fl '
r tor i a m i n cip zet, ”
e tc .
, Dur e l s ’
Li tu rgi a . So i n t he Pra y e r
i t s e l f G od i s as ked cc e p t ( ac c i p i as ) o u r a l m s a n d o b l a t i o n s o r
to a
,

d e vo io n s ,
t a s a l rea d y
g v e n wh er e a s w i th r egar d t o o u r p r a y e r s t he
i ,

w ord s a re ad d ed
“
wh i ch we o ff er ( “ qu ae d i v i n ae m aj e s ta t i tu ae
,
”

“
so me gi v en :
s
y M r . Pu r t o n ,
i
lS a o n e l
Si
i ii r i 'i gS
V l i c l ti i e '
l e ft to c o v er all t he o ffe ri n gs m a d e i n t he O ffe r t o r y A s .
,

not
“
a lms h o w e v e r o ffer i n gs to t he C u r a t e w e r e m a d e a t th i s p o r
.
”
,

t i o n o f the s e rvi ce t he t er m a l m s a p p ea r s i n a d e qu a t e
, .

G i f s to
t t he m i n i s t e r i n ch ar e wo u l d n
g ot c a rr y w i th th e m t he c o n n o
“
The C o n mu n i ca n t By W O Pu r t on P11bl“ b e d b y
y St oe k I o n d o n
. .
“
Co mmon Pra e r "
.

.
 CRI TICA L A ND E X E GE TI CA L .

155 2 3 t h i s i s t h e sa m e a g a i n i n Q u ee n E l iza b e th s E n gli s h Pr a y e r B oo k

’
,

a n d i n he r L a t i n P r a y e r B o o k o f 1 5 6 0 we h a v e s t i l l i n t h e R u b ri cs o f , ,

a l m s o ff e r e d b y
”
o b la ta m a p o p u l o e le e m o s y n a m
“
15 9
5 , ,

t he p e o p l e fo r t he p o o r a n d ob l a t i o n e s d e c i m as o b la
”
I
ff
"
96 ‘ 2
s
, ,
o ge ri n

t C o t t i o n s or o ffer i n gs to the C u ra t e a n d t th e s p a ya b l e to hi m
u ra e
i .

We n o w co m e t o the Pra y e r B oo k o f C h a l e s I I H er e r .

d v ti f we fi n d t he R u b r i c o m i t s d u e a n d a ccu s t o m e d o ff e r “
e o ons O

obla ti on e s
”
i n gs t o t he C u r a t e
“
or d e c i m as an d
,
” “
,

an d o th e r d e v o t i o n s o f the p e o p l e e t a l i as
”
i n s erts ,
or ,

p po u l i o b l a t i o n es i n p i o s u s u s and al s o i n s er t s o b la t i o n s,
or ,

ob l a t io n e s i n t he Pra y e r fo r t he C hu r ch Mi l i ta n t The r ea s o n fo r
”
.
,

th i s l a tt e r i n s e rt i o n was th a t u p t o th i s t i m e gi fts t o t he
R e as o nf or

i t i f C u ra t e w ere p a i d to hi m a n d w er e n o t a s n ow c o ll e ct e d
n se r on o
n
, , ,
“
b l ti
i n the b as in t oge th e r w i t h t he al m s
O a on s'
I t s eem s e vi d e n t .

fro m t h i s th a t t he o t h e r d e v o t i o n s o f the p e o p l e
“
t he o b la ,
“

t i on es of Dur e l , a re t he d ue and a ccu s t o m e d o ffe r i n gs ,

”

gi gérffi g
’l ‘ '

w s or ob a l
Q u e e n E l i z a b e th s Pr a y er
tion e s d e c i mas of
’

o th e r d e v o t i o n s o f t he
C
i Lhg $g
°
c
B oo k s t o s a y th a t b o th th a t i s ,

p eop l e o b l a t io n s p ri n c i p a ll y i f n o t s o l e l y
”
and r e fe r
“
, ,

t o t he o ffe r i n gs t o t he C u r a t e i n ch a r e
g .

To c om p l e t e ou r s u bj e ct we mu s t r e v e r t for a m o m e n t to t he n e w
R u b r i c o f the Pra y er B o o k o f C h ar l e s II wh i ch we h a v e .
,

qu o t e d b e for e I t o ccu rs a t t he e n d o f the C om m u n i o n .

Se rvi c e Af ter the D i v i n e Ser z i ce e nd ed the mon ey g i ven ‘ '

,

at t he O flé r tory s ha ll be d i sp os ed of to s u ch p i ou s a n d cha r i ta ble u s es , a s

the Mi n i s ter a nd Chu r ch -

wa r d en s s ha ll thi n hfi t Wher ei n if they d i s
.

a gr ee, i t s ha ll be d i sp os ed f the Or d i n a ry s ha ll a i t T h is is in
”
o as
pp o n .

Du re l s v e r s i o n
’
as fo ll ows
p er a c t i s becu n i a , in ( fi n Se r v i c e be i n g e n d e d ( the) m o n ey , a
p
t or i o e r og a t a colloca b i t u r
p r o p r i a t e d i n ( t he ) t
o ff e r o ry s h a ll be ar
i n p i os u s us , ( i Al zm s tr o
' '

ra n ed u n o d e v o u
g t t u se s , by ( the ) Mi n
ct Ofcon om i s
p r ou t i ps i s i s te r an d C hu r c hw a r d en s a c c o rd i n
g as

t
.

v i su m
f u er i t .
i t s ha ll ha v e s ee m e d
goo d to he m se lve s .

us e d for Chu rc h w a rd e n s whe rem i n t he R u b r i c b e for e t he Offer t o r we y

ha "
w y k
,
Ed i t u i
{ it is pe r ha p o rt h of r e ma r t ha t i n 7 m w
06 OD

or
i t
d ar k .
n
s

J u s t i n ian ( In s t i t . I . ti t . xii i .
) sa y
a

s , sed i t u i
od
L i ng u a r u m 1 6 4 7 1 E d i t u u s i s
i c u n tu r,
,

q u i a i d es
,

tu e n tu r .
"
 A L /WS A ND OB LA TI ONS 79

Dr Ca r d we ll s
. th a t th i s R u b r i c was i n s er t e d a s a n e x
’
o p i n i on is
“

p l a n a t i o n o f t he di s t i n ct p u rp o s e s d e n o t e d b y th e t wo
w o rd s a l m s a n d ob l a ti o n s Per h a p s i t w o ul d b e m o r e .
’

p r e c i s e to s a y th a t i t s i n s e r t i o n wa s d u e t o t he s a m e c a u s e
as was t he ch a n e o f d u e a n d a ccu s t o m e d o ffe r i n gs t o t he C u ra t e
”
g
i n to o t h e r d e v o t i o n s o f t he p e o p l e a n d t h e i n t r o d uct i o n o f t he
“ ”
,

w or d o b l a t i o n s ”
T h i s ca u s e was a l a u d a b l e d e s i r e t o r e n d er m o r e
.

e x a ct th e d e s c r i p t i o n a n d t he r ul e s for t h e d i s t r i b ut i o n of t he m o n e y s
, ,

c o ll e c t e d T h i s n e w R u b r i c p r o b a b l y r e fer s o n l y t o t h e
.

p r o p o r t i on o f t he O ff e r t or y t o b e a p p l i e d t o ch a r i t a b l e
u s e s ( a l m s ) o r p i o u s u s es (o b l a t i o n s ) a n d t o t he d i s tr i b u
'

t i o n o f t he fo rm e r I t i n n o wa y r e fe r s t o gi ft s fo r C hu rch
.

e x p e n s e s o r n o n p ar o ch i a l p u r p os e s -
F o r C hu rch e x p e n s es w e r e .

p r o vi d e d fo r b y C hu r ch r a t e s 3 th e s e e x i s t e d i n E n gl a n d
C hu r ch e x
b y C o m m o n La w r i ght 3 n o t h i n g i s k n o w n o f th e i r c o m
p e n s es m e t
So m e th i n g e qu i v a l e n t t o W
ig
e"
m e n c e m e n t o r i n t r o d uct i o n
gl
.

th e m wa s p a y ab l e a t a ll e v e n t s i n the r e i gn o f C a n u t e
, , ,

fo r hi s 6 3 r d la w i s d e fa n o r e fi c i e n d o i n wh i ch i t i s s a i d th a t a ll
“ ”
,

p ers o n s o u ght o f r i gh t t o c o n tr i b u t e t o the r ep a i r o f C hu r ch e s .

Wi t h s uch m o n ey s the C u ra t e w o ul d h a v e n o th i n g to d o ; b u t w i t h
r e a r d t o t he a
g p p l i ca t i o n o f c o l l e ct i o n s m a d e u n d e r B r i e fs
Po s s i b l e
a n d o f a l m s fo r t he p o o r a d i v e rs i ty o f o p i n i o n m i ght v e r y d i v e r s i ty o f

p o s s i b l y a r i s e b e tw e e n t he C u ra t e a n d C h u r ch w a r d e n s a gxgfil s .

I t was t he cu s t om a s we h a v e s h o w n u p t o the d a t e o f , ,

t he La s t R e v i e w fo r t he al ms t o b e c o ll e ct e d an d th e n p u t ,

“
i n t o t he p oo r m e n s b o x
”
No w th e s e p o or m e n s
’ ’

B e fo r e l as t
.

b o x e s ( s e v er a l o f w h i ch we h a v e s e e n ) ha d cu s t om ari ly R e v i e w a l m s

gi l
i t
t h r e e l o ck s a n d t h re e k e y s s o th a t th e y c ou l d o n l y b e pgg kp
,
d g
y

o p e n e d b y t he j o i n t c o n s e n t o f t he C u r a t e a n d o f the

A i t
n ti g
n e re s t f th
n ti
a c c o un h h t F lm
o i
e B k i gh m h i i
c o ns e c ra on o r a c u rc a u er, n uc n a s re , s

H w f St w l f t hi p
’
t i d i C ti ti A
’
t th d
’
on a ne n o e s on nua on o t y o e s nna s un o e en e o s re s e n ce r e ,

L d f l 6 3 p 9 8
on o 1 W 1 t mp t d t
0 gi v t t t i ll t t t h
e are e ll i f t h e o e a n e x rac o u s ra e ese co e c t on s or e

h w h wm y ff i g w g d d
.
, .
, . .

p oo r , a nd l t a so o s o o ifi
o n e ta r T hi o h h th
er n s e re r e ar e as s a cr ces
" “
s c u rc us

f ll y fi i h d
.

u n s d d e d w an a d t h fi t d y f N v mb
orne as t hi
c o n s e c ra t e
y 6 by h e rs a o o e e r, s ea r e 1 1 0, t e

v d f t h i G d D t B l w t h L B i h p f Li l ;
,

r i g ht re e re n a er n o oc o r d i pl ar o f en s o o nco n e an n a ce o

l l t w y d thi p y
, ,

t h e co ec a s sa W b h th s v h f t
ra er iv t h e ifi f t hy
e s ee c ee , ou c sa e o r ec e e e s a cr ces o

v t wh th f l m p y k g ivi g whi h h ll b ff d h i
.

s er an s, e er o th a e s , or ra e rs , or Th an s n , c s a e o re ere n , en
80 CRI TI CA L A ND E X E G E TI CA L .

R i i h R b ri c
t wo C hu chw a de A h L t v n h o w e v e r t e u
‘
r r n s t t e .
as e s o , ,

o rd e rs th a t the m o n e y s h a l l be b r o u gh t t o t he Pr i e s t
and
1
R3 3 3 ; be p r e s e n t e d a n d p l a c e d u p o n t h e ta b l e W h e th e r th i s .

ch a n ge was ca u s ed b y r ep re s e n ta t i o n s m a d e at the Sa v o y
Co n fe re n c e or wa s s i mp l y the e mb o d i m e n t o f a cu s t om
,

wh i ch ha d be gu n a l rea d y to ob ta i n we h a v e n ot b ee n a b l e t o d i s c o v er
’

.
,

B u t th i s R u b ri c wh i ch re qu i re d t he m on e ys c oll e ct e d to b e b ro u gh t
,

to the Pri es t i n s t e a d of b e i n g p l a c e d i n t he t re b l y l o ck e d p o o r m e n s
’
-
,

bo x n e c e s s i ta t e d the i n t r od uct i o n o f a n o th e r R u b r i c t o gi v e th e
,

C h u r chwar d e n s t h e i r d ue v oi c e i n t he m a tt e r o f d i s t r i b ut i o n .

The ex a m p l e s we h a v e n ow gi ve n w i ll b e s u ffi c i e n t for o u r p u r p os e
i n s h o w i n g the v a l u e o f Du rel s t ra n s l a t i o n s o f the Pr a y e r
’

Va l u e of
co n t e m po ra ry B o o k All c r i t i c i s ms e x p l a n a t i o n s o r t r a n s l a t i o n s wh i ch
o o ,
.
'
,
c v d a nce
a r e n o t c on t e m p o ra r y Wi t h t h e o ri gi n a l t e xt a r e l i a b l e t o
' a

a c las s o f e rr o rs wh i ch e v e ry c o mm e n ta t or ha s t o d r ea d T he m o s t
'

h o n es t m in d m u s t a p p r oa ch w i th v i e w s m o r e o r l es s p re c o n c e i v e d t he
t e xt o f wr i t ers o f a p re v i o u s a ge a n d t he a l m , os t i n e vi t a b l e r es u l t i s

t h a t m od ern id ea s a re u n c o n s c io u s l y s o ught a n d ar e o ft e n c on c e i v e d ,

to ha v e b ee n fo u n d i n t he o ri gi n a l w o rd s o f t he t e xt
, Th i s i s n o l e s s .

the cas e i n p ro fa n e th an i n r e l i gi o u s w r i t i n gs A n y s tu d e n t o f Gr ee k
.

Ph i l o s op hy w i l l a d m i t ho w o ft e n th o u ght s o f w h i ch Pl a t o a n d A r i s ,

t o t le ha d p ro b a b ly n o c on c e p t i o n ar e c o n fi d e n t ly p o i n t e d o u t i n th e i r
,

w orks The va l u e o f h i s t ori ca l t es t i m o n y i s i n c a l cu l a b l e 3 i ts v a l u e i s

.

e n h a n c e d wh e n t he ev i d e n c e i s c on t e m ora n e o u s O n a ll p o i n t s o f
p .

d i s p u t e w i t h re gard t o the E n gl i s h Pra y e r B o o k we w o u l d o n c e m ore

ear n es tl y c o mm e n d the i n qu i re r t o t he c o n t em o ra r y t e s t i m o n y o f
p
De a n Du rel .
2

t he l w
b is ho p ce e b ra t ed t he co m mu n i on , he r e t he fou n d e r b t he b s ho ’s d i rec t i on
y y p n ee e d b y k l
y
, ,

l l
hi m s e lfe i n t he m i d d e o f t he q u e r , r i ght be fo r e t he a t a r a n d b e i n a c o ec t i o n for t he
, g oo r e , he ll p
"
l
o ffe re d a p i e ce of g o d e , e t c .

See Ca n o n 84 whe re s u c h a b ox is o r d e re d
w
.

A fe w o r d s m a y be a d d e d u p o n t he C r ed e n ce Ta ble W i t h re g a r d t o t he W e s t e rn Chu rc h
k
.

l
t he ea r i es t i ns t a n c e o f t he t e rm “ C re d e n t i a ” i n a n
y r i t ua b oo l
i s i n t he Po n t ifi c a o f Le o l X
ll y VI I I
.

Th e Cr ed e nc e was n o t fu e s ta b i s he d t il ll
t he B u ll
of C e m e n t l A D 1 60 4 In r es e c t p
y
. . . .
,
of t he E a s t e rn Ch u rc h, i t a p
p e a rs t ha t i t was n o t c us t o ma r t o u s e a Cre d e n c e Ta b e ( s a i d t o l
v
be d er i ed fro m c r ed e nza , " t o ro e or p vta s t e p v p
food t o r e e n t o is o n i n g ) , b u t t o ha e a v
p r ot he s i s pl p pl
i n a s id e c ha e whe re t he eo e us e d t o m a e t he i r o fle r i n s k g
’

As r e g ar d s t h e R e .

form e Chur c h of E n g la n d , t he re can be n o n e e d or u s e o f a l v

d C r e d e n c e Ta b e , i f a s we ha e s h o wn ,
t he re i s n o Ob la t i o n o f t he E e m e n t s l .
,
 A PPE NDIX C . I

APPE NDI X C .

COP Y OF A BR I E F.

Af t er o u r ha r ty C ommen d a ti on s , &c .

The Q u e e n s Maje s ty o f he r gre a t C l e me n cy a n d Go od n e s s , ha th gra n t ed u n t o

za r d Le tt e r s p a t e n t s u n d e r h e r H i h n e s s
l a r d K zr or d o f C/
g r e a t S ea l fo r
' '

one R i c/ f g ,

t he ga he r i n g t o w ll d i p d p
f t he t w d th
c ha r i a b e t l De v o i o n t of e s os e e r so n s , o ar e re

l i e v i n g o f t heid p M b i g d sa t g t h wi th hi Wi f d C hi l d
oo r an , e n un o n e, o e er s e an re n ,

by m f dd
ea n s o Mi h f Fi su I m th f
en b th i C id
sc ti f a n ce o re a e re o re , o n on s er a on o

m y d ty t w d h u M j ty p i t if lly p t i g th m i b l E t t f th p
o ar s er a es , u r es ec n e s er a e s a e o e oor

M an, l f v yC
as i a so k d C h i ti Ch i ty v y v h m t ly
or er o n s c en ce sa e an r s an ar , er e e en

m v do d
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an k m w y th t m y h lp d
e n o r ce o s eehi g tE so e a a a e an s u cc o u r s re a x

t m i ty
re d N d w hi h
an t b w ll d w i th t y A i t
ee c d Ai d ca n n o e e one ou ou r s s s a n ce a n .

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e re o re s e e n id R i / d by f hi G t i e t bl t T v l
sa c la r reas o n o s ou s no a e o ra e

p lly b t hi B i
e rs o n a I a t l y d i y t h t y w i ll t k d w i th
ou s u s n ess , e a rn e s es r e ou , a ou a e or er

t h Mi i t
e d Ch h W d
n s e rs a n f v y p i h w i t hi t h Di u rc f B t] -d ar en s o e er ar s n e o c es o a : an

W ll w i t h
e s, v i t p d y m y t h t th y w i ll g th th D v t i
a s c on e n en s ee as ou a , a e a er e e o ons

f v y th d w it p t h B k id f th C py f h M j ty ’
o e erid P i h e sa ar s , an r e u on e ac -s e o e o o er a es s

sa i d p t t th S m m f M
a en s y w hi h h ll b
e u t i b t d A d th t t h y wi ll
o one c s a e c on r u e n a e

s en d b i g t h i C ll t i
or r n w i th t h i d C p i f th id p t t d d l i v
e r o ec on s e sa o es o e sa a en s, an e er

th e m b f
sa W/ t m t d
e t t y R gi t ; d h t k p th m
e o re zz s z
'

z
'

e n ex o ou r e s er an e o ee e sa e

un t i l th i d R / l M f d hi D p ty A i g h ll
e sa
'

zc za n iv th m
'

r or , or s e u or ss n , s a r ec e e e sa e

M y g th iv d H d Th C p i M j ty ’
on e d so d t hi
a e re an f h rec e e a s an s. e o es o er a es s

P t t
a en s t t y b y thi b i g
a re s en m y
un o h ll v y A h
ou s r n er so an as s a ser e ou r rc

Ip yy f l t h t th i m y b d p di d fl t lly
'

d i
e a c o n r es . b ra ou e c a re u a s a e on e s ee an e e c ua .

An d i n so d o i n g yo u s ha g i v e t he p oo r Ma n , hi s W i fe a n d C hi l d r e n , a go o d
ll
C a us e to p r a y fo r y ou . t
An d hu s I b i d y o u he a r i ly fa r e - e ll F r om Lon d on t he t w .

2 4 th . of F eb r . 1 58 1 .

Yo u r l ov i n g fr i e n d ,
Vl LL A U B R E Y
V . .

A DDE N DA .

1 ON. THE U SE OF P R E SB YT E R.

Le tt er o f Al e xa n d e r No w e ll ( Dea n of S t Pa u l
.
’
s, I 58 5 ) I ha v e tho ught go o d
he re i n t o l
e n c os e c e r a i n t W o rd s c o n a i n ed t in H er Maj es ty s ’
F o un d a ion t of H er
H i ghn es s PVes t m zm ter
’

C hu r ch Col/eg za ta m ,
“
a n d em m m
'

E E ccles i a ”:
‘

s at

Der/m a Pr er fiy ter o, d u od er zm P v aeéen d a r z z: Pre s by ter zs ,

' ' ' '

p r an m t zu m
'

ten or :
'

“
Th e H is t or y o f t he Li fe a nd Ac t s of t he Mo s t Re v er e n d F a t he r i n G od Ed m u n d G r i n d a l
Y k y
,

e tc ,. A r c hb i sh o p of or and C a n t e rb u r ,
"
e tc ., pp . 2 67 , 2 68 . Lo n d o n , 1 7 1 0 .
82 A DDE NDA .

A d m, Izae r ed t bm S u cces s on bu : n os tr zs , cr ea m u r ,
re III/er ad
p len u m, p ro

a n d a t/m s , or d m a mm , f eon r t zt m mu : s ta b /2 m m , p erp et m :

m g mm r , [ ’
a n /nu s ,

fu t u n : t e mpon bm d u r a t u r u m , & c .

t Ne w C a hed ra l C hu rc hes fo un d ed b y H e r Maj es y s F a he r o f

t t t
’
Tha a ll the ,

mostfm a o us Me mo ry a nd t he C hur ch o f IVes t m zm t er fou n d ed b y H e r G ra c i ou s /

,

M j ty ; w ( t h y v i ly t h ght )
a es e re as e er ou a c co rd i n g to th ese o ld S tt ta u es by th ei r

d ti
”
D D m P by t
’
P r a ebem ta r z zr P r es by tm ( St ry p e s
' ' '

F oun a on , e u no ea o r er er o, s .

f A hb i h p W hi tgi ft pp 3 4 ”
Li f e o rc s o ,
. 2 ,

II O N
. TH E MI SU SE OF PR I E ST .

An d l a s t ly , th t a as fo r t he Na m e of th y t k i t [
P r i es t, as eSa i fi ] oo ,
'

2 e. a s cr c e rs

l i k ewis e i t i t h d id t h y
'

he d i d co nd e mn in ou r Mi n s e rs ,
ne i b i t t t h m lv
er e ascr e o e se es .

An d t h t th
a e re fo re t he Li be ll e r in th P i t w i t l i k hi m l f ( Th A h
es e o n s r e se .
”
e rc

b is ho p
'
s o wn t
Vi n d i c a i o n .
—
St ryp e
’
s Li f
“
f A hb i h p W hi t gi ft
e o rc p 3 5 s o ,
”
. 0 .

Lo n d o n .

I I I O N PLAC I NG T H E E LE ME NTS
. .

F o r three c en t u r i es pas t the C hu rch o f E n gl a n d has es che we d the R om i s h

C red e nc e Why n o w s e e k t o o ve rt hro w the p re c e d en t o f t /zr ee lzzm d r ed y ea r r
.

B u t the ru b r i c se e m s t he y sa y t o r e u i r e t ha t t he e l e m e n t s s hou l d be u t o n
q
, , p
t he L rd s Ta b l e j u s t p r i o r t o c e l e b ra t i n The p re c ed e n t o f 3 00 c a rs
’

g t he Su ppe r
o .

s u re ly i s e n o u h t o s e tt l e t hi s
( C red e n c e o r Ta s t i n g Ta b l es pp 19 2
” “
g .
By , .
,

t he Re v Mo u ra n t B roc k MA
.
Lon d o n , Se el e y
.
Co . I 88 1 ) . .
 PART III .

THE CA T E C H I S M .
 TIIE CA

ti anac Pi e ta t i s p r i ma i n s ti tu t i o e tc . His s ma ll Ca t e ch i sm is en t i tl ed
C A T E C H IS MVS PA R VVS ,
”
e tc . In t he La i n t an d G r e e k Pr a y e r B oo k
p r e pa re d b y hi s n e p he w W i ll i a m W hi t a k e r who a ft e r w a r d s m a d e t he ,

C re e k v e r s i o n fo r No w e l l s S m a ll C a t e ch i s m t he C a t e c h i s m d oe s n o t
’
,

fo r m a p a rt o f t he C o n fi r m a t i o n S e r v i c e b u t i s s e p a r a t e : i t i s c a ll e d ,

Ca t e c he s i s o r Ka r ij xncn g T he d a t e o f t h i s b o o k i s M D LX I X Pe t le y
” . . .
.
,

( 16 3 8) u s e s t he fe m i n i n e fo r m i n h i s G r e e k v e r s i o n a s d o e s a l s o Du p o r t ,

w h h h e a d i n g o f t he C a t e c h i s m Th
( I 66 5) h o a s K AT H X H E IE a s t e e .
,

fe m i n i n e i n fa c t a p p e a r s t o b e t he o n ly c o rr e c t fo r m i n G r e e k t h o u gh
, , ,

a t t h e e n d o f t he B a p t i s m a l S e r v i c e a n d i n t he R u b r i c a t t h e e n d o f ,

t he C a t e c hi s m Du p o r t e m pl o y s t h e m a s c u l i n e fo rm
,
.

T he La t i n v e r s i o n p r i n t e d b y Va u t ro lli e r ( 1 5 7 4) ha s C o n fi rm a t i o i n “
,

qua Ca te c hi s m u s ad F u e ro s i n s t i t u e n d o s c on t in e t u r ,
”
w i t h t he s u b or d i n a e t
he a d i n g Ca t e c h i s m u s m e m o r i t er a pu e r i s e d ir cen a u s
’
an teq u a m a d con

fi r m a ti on e m a d d u ea n t u r .
”
T he r e a d i n gs of t hi s Pr a y e r B o o k a re gi ve n
t hro ugho u t t he n o t e s i t b e i n g he r e qu o t e d a s th e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
,
o f t he

t hree Pr a ye r B oo k s b e a ri n g t he p r i n t e r s n a m e s o f \Volf Va u t r olli e r ’

, ,

a n d j a c k s o n t h e fi r s t o f w hi c h Mr C l a y r e ga r d s as t he e a r l i e s t v e r
“
.
,

s i o n i n t o La t i n o f t h e w ho l e Pr a y e r B o o k The a u th o r i z e d v e r s i on o f
”
.

Q u e e n E l i za b e t h i s a l s o q u o t e d thr o u gh o u t a n d t he p r i n c i p a l p o i n t s a r e ,

n o t e d w he r e i n Ale s s t he p r e d e c e s s o r o f H a d d o n wh o wa s r e pu t ed t h e
, ,

p re p a re r o f Q u e e n E l i z a b e t h s La t i n Pr a y e r B ook a n d H a d d on s s u c
‘ ’

c e s s o r \Vhi t a k e r d i ffe r fr o m h i s t r a n s l a t i o n No w ell s C a t e c h i s m s w i ll ’

, , .

b e q u o t e d o n p o i n t s o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t e s p e c i a lly hi s S m a l l Ca t e c hi s m ,

( s e e Pa r t I I c ha p i ) a s w i l l a l s o t he p r i v a t e v e r s i o n s o f Pe t le y a n d o f
. . .

hi s fo ll o we r Du p o r t o f H a r w oo d a n d o f Me s s r s B r i gh t a n d Me d d
, , . .

Hoc es t So E d s 1 6 85 I 6 S7
.
E d s I 69 6 I 7 O 3 h a v e c a p i t a l s
.
, .
, .

I n : t i t u t i o e l e m e n t a r y i n s t ru c t i o n Pu e r i li s i n s t i t u t i o ( C i c e r o d e .
”
,

OI 2 I )
. . C f t he
. In s t i t u t i o n e s o r I n s t i t u t e s o f J u s t i n i a n C r a n m e r s
.
“
,
’

I n s t i t u t i o n o f a Ch r i s t i a n m a n C a lv i n s I n s t i t u t i on s t he In s t i t u ,
” ’ ”
,
“

t i o n e s U n i v e r sa l e s b y Phi l i ppu s Moc e n i c u s ( I 586 ) e t c So Ar chb i s ho p

”
, , .

Se e ke r : A n d n o t o n ly i n t hi s R e s pe c t b u t e v e r y o t he r i s o u r Lo r d s
“
’
, ,

Pra y e r a n a d m i r a b le Ins ti t u t i o n a n d Di r e c t i o n fo r p r a y i n i h t
g a r g
Lec t o n v ol i i Lo n d o n Cf B i s ho p Pa t r i ck s ’
.

p I 47 . . . .
, .

Aq u a Ge n i t a l i s p 5 20 T he s l a ckn e s s o f m a n y Pa r e n t s w o u l d
.
“
 TH E CA 37

b e m uc h qu i ck e n e d who p a s s o v e r t he in s i t t ti
u on (or in s t ru c t i on ) of th ei r

C h i l d r e n , e t c E v y fi i fi a m g,
”
. e a c h i n g, i n s ru on t
( Pe t le y a n d Du p o r )
” “
t ct i t .

T he v e r b i n s t i t u e r e o c c u r s l a e r o n i n Du r e l s C a ec h i s m i n the s e n s e
“
t ’
t
I
( ) t o a p p o i n , ( 2 ) to b eg i n
“ ” “
t .

A r c hb i s ho p S e e k e r s d e s c r i p i o n o f t h e Ca e ch i s m IS
’ “
t
h a v e r y go o d , t t t
t ho ugh s t i ll i m p ro v e a b le , F o r m of s o u n d w o rd s , whi ch we no w u se

(
“
Le c t u res on t ch i
Ca e s m , v ol . i . pp . Lo n d o n , In t he
s am e pl a c e h e r s w ite
If B a p t i s m ha d b e e n a d m i n i s t e r e d t o C h i l d r e n
,
“
,

w i t ho u t a n y t hi n g s a i d t o e x p r e s s i t s Me a n i n g i t w o u l d ha v e h a d t o o ,

m u c h t he A pp e a ra n c e o f a n i n s i g n i fic a n t C e r e m o n y o r a s u p e r s t i t i o u s ,

C ha r m An d i f o n ly t he Pr i v i l e ge s t o w hi c h i t i n t i t l e d h a d b e e n r e
.
,

h e a r s e d t h e y m i g h t s e e m a n n e x e d t o i t a b s o l u t e ly w i t h o u t a n y c o n d i t i o n s ,

t o b e o b s e r v e d o n t h e C h i l d r e n s Pa r t T hi s i s a m o s t e x c e ll e n t r e a s o n
’ ” l

fo r a C a t e c hi s m i t s ho u l d s o e x pl a i n c e r e m o n i e s t h a t t he y m a y b e
n e i t h e r s l i gh t e d o n t h e o n e h a n d n o r s u p e r s t i t i o u s ly re ga r d e d o n t h e ,

o t he r . T o e ffe c t t hi s g ol d e n m e a n o f d u e o b s e r v a n c e a C a t e c hi s m m u s t ,

b e s i m pl e a n d t e m p e r e d t o y o u t h fu l u n d e r s t a n d i n g No r c a n i t b e s a i d .

t ha t o u r Ca t e c hi s m l e a v e s t hi s co n d i t i o n u n fu l fi ll e d I t i s n o t h i n g i f n o t .

s i m pl e ; i n i t t he r e i s n o Pr i e s t n o C o n fe s s i o n n o Ab s o l u t i o n n o C o u s e
, , ,

c r a t i o n ; b u t R e p e n t a n c e F a i t h a n d F o r g i v e n e s s o f S i n s w i t h o u t r e fe r
, , ,

e n c e t o a S a c e r d o t a l Me d i a t o r a n d t he B a p t i s m o f W a t e r a n d R e c e i v i n g
,

o f B r e a d a n d W i n e w h i c h t he Lo r d c o m m a n d e d .

t o l e a r n i n a d d i t i on E n g l i s h V e r s i o n ha s s i m ply
’ ”
a d a i s r e r e to b e
“
,
.
,

l e a rn e d T h i s i s o n e pl a c e o u t o f m a n y w hi c h s ho w s t ha t t h i s La t i n v e r s i o n
.
”

i s n o t i n t e n d e d t o b e a s l a v i s h t ra n s l a t i o n o f t he o r i gi n a l b u t t o b e e x ,

p la n a t o ry o f i t s m e a n i n g C f n o e s o n . . t “
s a lu t i s via m ,
” “
Sp ir i tum Sa n c u m t
De u m , e t c , e t c The p r e p o s i i o n i n
”
. t “
a d d i s c e re
”
r e fe r s t o t h e e n d o f

Pu b l i c B a p i s m t of I n fa n t s ,
” “
s o s oo n a s be can s ay t h e Cr e e d , e t c .
,
an d
t
b e fu r he r i n s t uc t e d
i n t h e C hu rch -C a e c h i s m s e t fo r h fo r ha p u r p o s e
r t t t t
i n Du r e l s v e r s i o n ,
’
t
i n C a e c h i s m o i n c u m fi n e m e d i o , p le n i u s i n s i t t
tuatur
”
w
( he re we o b s e r v e ha Du r e l ha s n o o r d fo r C h u r c h t t Du p o r w t
t he r e r e a d s i n 5 % m i wa zdea b u t h e r e i n t h e Ca e c hi s m h e t
h a s s i m ply t o l e a r n , p a é v ew
”
W h i a k e r h a s q u a p u e r i n s t i t u i tu r ,
“
.
"
t
an d ij v dd n ai da y a é v erv , Cf . a d d id i c e r i n t
”
8n d a d d is c e re

i n t he se co n d Rub r i c t
af e r t h e Ca t e ch i s m i n Du re l .
 TH E CA TE CH /5 1 11 .

ten e t u r . C f fu r he r. t on te t en e ri ea c re d e r e ”
, e tc , a n d qu odp ro
n i i s s u m te n e n tu r i p s i p r a e s ta r e .
”
Thi s u s a ge is n ot c a s s i
l ca l b u t we m a y
co m p a r e “
q u o d qu i s s p o n d e t , e tc , .
p ra e s t a r e te n e tur ”
,
“
W ha t any on e

u n d e r ta k e t h as s u re ty fo r a no th e r, e tc .
,
he i s b o u n d t o p e r fo r m ; t hi s

p as s a ge is in a b oo k
m a k e fr e q u e n to it is w h i ch we s ha ll t r e fe r e n c e ;

ll
c a ed
“
J
A NU A LING U A R U M R E SE R AT A, e t c , a n t / l o r e Cl Vz r o A . .
'

J . .

C O ME NIO, re v i s e d b v G P a n d p u b l i s he d Lo n d o n , 1 6 4 7 ; i t i s h e re
”
. t
fo re a l m os tc t wt t
m p o ra ry i h hi s La i n C a e c h i s m , a n d , b e i n g d r a n u p
on e t t w
i n p a ra ll e l co l u m n s o f E n g l i s h a n d La i n , o f e n s ho s t he r e l a i o n O f t t w t
E n g l i s h a n d La i n e rm s a t h a d a e t t
The s yl e o f b o h b o o k s i s v e r y t t t . t t
s imila r e g , we ha v e i n b o h
. .
”
Im o, n o t I m m o , t he u n u s u a l fo r m O f
”
t
Sa b b a t u m fo r Sa bb a t a,
”
gn a v u s or
“
gn a v i te r , n ot n a vu s ,
”
e tc
”
.

It is in te re s ti
v e th a t t he o ri gi n a l
ng to tob s e rt e d i ion o f his b oo k ga i n e d
fo r Co m e n i u s s u c h c e l e b r i t y t ha t h e wa s i n v i t e d t o E n gl a n d wh e n c e , ,

h o w e ve r he ha d t o r e t i re o n t he b rea k i n g ou t O f t h e c i v i l wa r
, .

a d E fli s eo p u 77 : p e r ha p s “
t o t he B i s ho p , i . a , . hi s o wn b i s ho p .

Pe t le y has r ig ri
'

m E m a xo zr o v «p 69
'

r6
'

m
p ofi a Q a l Du p o r
v . th as no w or d s

fo r “
p b u t c o n t i n ue s
t o t he B i s ho ,
”
Em m i v in r i g r 6 Bt
, fi a t wefi v a t in n )
’
tt n o
,

e tc ; a s E V
”
p l a ce o f a t a b i ll o
“ “
B E F O R E H E B E B R O U G HT TO B E
, . . .
,

C O NF I R ME D B Y T H E B I S H OP W hi t a k e r ha s n o m e n t i o n o f t he B i s ho p
”
.

i n e i t he r pl a c e .

C o n /I r m e t u r SO E d s 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 696 , 1 7 03
.
Ba gs te r ( 1 866 ) ha s .

a c o mm a a f e r
“
t
In s ti t u t i o a n d a f e r E p is c op u m ”
T he E V i n E d t . . . .

1 5 7 8 ha d ,
“
b e co n fi rm e d , or a d m i e d t o re c e a v e t he H o ly C o m m u n i o n ” tt
t
( F i rs Pra y e r B o o k o f E d a r d V I Pa r k e r a n d w .

Q u a r ti o .
Q . E l i z ha s .
Q ua e s t io an d Re s p o n s i o , t
o r s h o r en e d
fo rm s of th es e . Va u t r .
Q u ae s t i o and R e s p on s u m . W hi t a ker ,

Q u ae s t io and Re s p o n s i o .
”
No w e ll ’
s Sm a ll Ca t e c hi s m i s he a d e d
Voti Sp ons i o i n B ap ti s mo t he n he ha s Ma g i s t
’

” ”
.
er, and A u d i to r .

Q U OD nomen
Q
”
U Od i n
“

Q VO D
—
.
1 7 03 .

es t t ibi n o me n ?
”
(Q .
Q VO d t ib i n omen es t ?
”
( Va u t r .
) Q Vo
n om m e
( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e c hi s m) j ct
”
pp e lla r i s ? ’
a
No m e n is s ub e
Me r c u r i i cs t mi h i ” ( Pla ut us Am p rol
.

cf n o me n
c u i s a lt a t i o n i Ti t u s
.
. .
 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

90

Ans w er .

Re5pant i e
N M
N M
.

. aut .

r ti o. Q an ti on
Q u .

(Q t
i s i b i hoc n o m en i mp os u i t ? W ho ha s p l a c e d t hi s n a me u po n
you
Respon ri o .
Anr u ‘
er .

Su sc e p tores mei Su scep t ri c es i n My G od fa he rs t G od m o th e rs

N . a u t M . N . v el N Q u ee n E l iz . an d Va u t r olli e r . N . a ut M .

No we ll s Sm a ll Ca t e ch i s m
’
.

N a u t M i s p r ob a b ly fo r N NN ( No m e n No m i n a ) NN
” ”
. . . aut . aut , .

bein g co n t ra c t e d i n t o M a s C ID i s a l s o s upp o s e d t o h a v e b e e n ( t ho u g h
,

e h a p s M i s fo r Mi ll e ) ; a n d a s H S i s fo r 1 18 o r LLS Q u e e n E l iz
p r . . .

a n d Va u trolli e r ha v e N b o t h he r e a n d i n t he Ma r r i a ge S e r v i c e In .

t he la tt er pl a c e o u r p re s e n t Pra ye r B oo k h a s M fo r t h e m a n a nd
” “
,

N for the w o m a n Q ue e n E l i z a b e th s E n g l i s h b o o k ha s N fo r b o t h
’
. .

In Ale s s we ha v e i n t he C o mm u n i o n S e r v i ce E p i s t o l a S a n ct i Pa u l i ,
“

Ap o s t o l i s c ri p t a a d N N c a p
, a n d b e lo w Sa n c t u m E u a n ge li u m
. . .
, ,

s cr i pt um a b N N u e l N i n N N ca p i t e ”
. . . . . .

W hi t a ke r No w e ll Pe t ley a n d Dupo r t ha v e 6 (Iri n i) 6 t rm

, , , a , e .

A u t Thi s i s m o r e c o rr e c t t ha n v e l
.
”
Au t (a l t e ru m ) s ho ul d a l w a y s .

b e k e p t d i s t i n c t fr o m v e l ( v e ll e ) t he l a tt e r i m p ly i n g t h a t t he a l t e rn a t i v e ,

i s s t i ll d e p e n d e n t o n t he w i ll Ma n y o t he r i n s t a n ce s o f t he p re c i s i o n o f.

Dure l s s ty l e ( c f t he C i c e ron i a n hoc e s t ” a b o v e for

’
.
i d e s t ) w i ll b e
“ “ ”

r em a r k ed i n re a d i n g t he C a t ec h i s m .

Q u i s i m p o —
s u i t ?
Q u i s i n d i d i t t ib i ho c n o m en ( Q u ee n
Q u is t ib i h oc n o m e n ( Va u t r ollie r) t ri b u i t
Q u i : hoe t i bi n o me n i m .

( No w e ll s S m a ll Ca t e chi s m) r i g 6 0L Z Gt r o r 6 bv op a r o irr o ; ( Dupo r t )

” ’
p on a t ? . .

W h i t ak e r an d Pe t le y h a ve év éet r o . H ar w o o d has , Q u is is t ad n om e n
t ib i i n d id i t
Su s ce p t ore 5 , e tc . Pa t r in i, t
i n B a p i s m o , q u o fa c t us s u m m e m b ru m
t
Chr i s i , fi li us De i , (Q u e eha e r e s
n W h i t a k erv i tae a e te rn a e
”
,

who u s u a lly cl o s e ly a d he r e s t o
Q u e e n E l i za b e t h s v e r s i o n he r e has i n
’ “
,

q uo Va u t rolli e r ha s S u s c e p t or e s m e i i n B a p t i s m o i n u o m e m b ru m
”

q
.

C hr i s t i fi h u s De i h a e re s r e gn i c o e lo ru m e fle c t us s u m ” '

, , .

No we ll i n h i s S ma ll Ca t e c hi s m ha s
,
Q u i v o t i s e s p o n s i o n e Deo p r o ,

m e ob li ga r u n t i n B a p t i s m o m e o In u o C hr i s t i m e m b ru m fi li u s De i
q , ,
r egn i coe l e s t i s ha e r e s s u m i n s t i t u t u s In t he G r e e k fo r s u m i n s t i t u t u s .
”

No w ell ha s d w dei x9q v i e wa s s ho w n po i n t e d o u t

t
, . .
,
”
, .
 CA TE CH IS M
'
TH E .
91

t
B a p i s mo , i n q u o fa c u s s u m m e m t in B ap is m , i n t w hi ch I ha v e b ee n
b r u m C hr i s t i , fi li u s De i , & hae res re gn i m ad e a m em b e r Of C hr i s t ,
a 50 " 0f

c oe lo r u m . G od , an i n h e ri t or o f ( t he ) ki n g
d om of ( t he) he a v e n s .

S u s ce p tor e s ”
is l i t e r a lly
u n d e r t a k er s or c on t ra c t o r s “
c f the
,
.

s i n gl e o c c u rr e n c e o f u n d e r t a k e i n o u r B i b l e Is a x x x v i i i 1 4
the v er b
”
,
. .
,

U n d e r t a k e fo r m e w he r e the V u l g has R e s po n d e p r o m e a n d
“ ”
, .

c o m p a r e t he H e b r e w w or d i n G e n x l i i i 9 x l i v 3 2 Ps a c x i x 1 2 2 e t c . .
, .
,
. . .

a p p e a r s a l a t e w or d ; i t i s t r a n s l a t e d g o d fa t he r s
“
S u s c e p tor e s on
“

t he a ut h or i t y o f ya mt a L z zzg ua r zm z Du p or t h as mi mr r p c ( s i c ) m i
’

. a e

av
y p nr ép eg [a vg y nr ép s g ( S i c ) i n E d W hi t a k e r a n d Pe t le y h a d t h e .

s a m e w ord s No w e ll ha s oi éyy vnr d g c {n r ép

'
. x r a o n la vr eg i v r ou a a a

a n d b e l o w oi i y y v m
‘
a t
'

in B a ptis mo i n n ot a t ”
B a pti s m ;
“
.
a t B a ptis m w ou l d h a ve
“ “

t i e d t he ch a n ge t o a p a r t i cu l a r t i m e a n d pl a ce i n l ea ve s i t a n Ope n “ ”

q u e s t i o n w he t he r t r u e B a p t i s m w i t h t he i n w a r d p a r t Mo r i p e cc a t o , , ,
”

h a s e v e r t a k e n pl a c e No r i s i t b y B a p t i s m
”
C f P a r ap /
'
“
e tc .
, . z r a s zs . .

m m A Im ota tzs a d Dgfl i ezlz or a [o m Ca tee/ w/zer ezn “

'

zzs m z A ng lzea m
'

167 4
' ' ' ' ' ' '

[n o t w he r e b y b u t b y v e r t u e o f th e I n s t i t u t i o n a n d W o r d a n d G o d s
’
, ,

p r o m i s e i n t h e Ne w C o v e n a n t a s m i g ht y a s G o d H i m s e l f ,

f a c t u s s u m Pr ob a b ly a t r u e p e r fe c t t e n s e t h e i n w a r d p a r t o f B a p
.

t is m ,
Mo r i p e cca t o e t d e n u o n a s c i j u s t i t i a e b y w h i ch fa c t i s u m u s F i l i i
, ,
” “

De i b e i n g a s s u m ed t o ha v e t a k e n p l a c e b y t h i s t i m e ( p o s t q u a m a d o l e
,
”

v erimu s) b u t s u ch a s s u m p t i on i s h yp o t h e t i c a l ; fa c t u s s u m fi li u s “

De i m u s t r e fe r t o t he s a m e t hi n g a s fa c t i s u m u s F i l i i De i ” S ee n o t e .

on h ac ra ti on e .
”
Pe t le y and Du p o r t h a v e ay ev aem», t h e same ten s e as No w e ll , b u t a ve rb
of v e ry d i ffe r e n t me an ing fr o m h a t t of h i s d wedeIXa .

m e mb r um , or par t .
”
. t
C f t h e s i m i l e o f h e v i n e a n d b r a n ch e s , e t c , i n .

th e Ne w Te s t a m e n t . Th e w t
o r d h a s n o r e l a i on t o t h e m o d e rn m e a n i n g

of m ember of a s e c t Dup or t ( fo llo w i n g W hi t a k e r No w e ll

.
, , an d Pe t le y )
h a s p éAog r i gh t ly .

h a e r e s i n he ri t or , n ot
“
he i r a te t to s a r ca n a pp o i n t ha e r e d e m ,”
b u t n ot an
“
p he i r W hi
. t
”
a k xxn ov
e r ,
o P e t le y, a n d
éy og,D u p or t Cf N w e ll ,
. .

P a m p lzm s zs c u m A m zota tzs a d Dgfi ezlz or a [0m Ca teefi zs m z A ng lzea m I 6 7 4

' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' '

f 1e K i ng d om e of H ea z/en [n o t Ab s ol u t e ly a n d I r r e
a n d a n I n k e r z t ou r o t /
'

'

s p e c t i v e ly b u t o n ly u p on c o n d i t i o n o f d o i n g m y e n d e a v o u r t o pe r fo r m
, ,

k e e p o b s e r v e a n d d o m y B a p t i s m a l v o w w h i c h fo ll o w s p r e s e n t ly
, , ,

c o 6 10 r u m s i n gu l a r i n Dup o r t H a r w oo d ha s c oe l e s t i s ”
Q ue e n . .
 TH E CA TE CH /S M .

a mo m Q ue s ti on .
.

O i d Su sc e p t o res t u i & Su sc e p t ri c e s
p W ha t ha v e yo u r G od fa he r s t
t u m t u o n o m i ne p raes t i t e r u n t G od mo he rs t th en
p e r o rm e df on yo u r
a cc o u n t
Respom i o .
An s -wen

T ri a m eo n o m i ne
p ro m i s e ru n t ac T hre e hi n g s t on my a c co u n t th y e

E l iz , . as we ha ve
h a s o f e e r n a l l i fe for
s een ,o f t he k i n g d om o f th e
“
t ”

he a v e n s
“
re gn i c oe loru m
”
(Va u t r o lli e r ) W h i a k e r fo ll o w s Q ueen . t
t
E l i z i n t he La i n , a n d i n t he Gr ee k ha s Z wfig a i wm ov
.
No e ll a n d Pe tle y
’

. w
ha v e the ad j . ob a v ov .
p i

Q u i d— p r a e s t i te r u n t? Q u id p r o m i s er un t p r o t e C om p a t r e s ,
”
Co mm a t r e s ?
( Q u ee n
Q u id t uo n om i n e t u m s u s c e p t or e s fe c e ru n t ( Va u t r olli e r) .

ti me com zllz s u s ce e r zm an d i éu é v adé

’ '

Q u id p ro te p an s or es p t r r

«mild ew éxei v m ( S i c ) ( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e chi sm )

' ’
Emm i i éyyv q r a t
'

as o . .

tu m . Mr J . . G Fi . t ch MA l a te E n
, . .
, As s i s t t an C o mm i s s i on e r t o t h e
d o we d Sc hoo l s C om m i s s i o n a n d o n e o f H e r Maj e s t y s I n s pe c t ors o f
’ ’
,

S c hoo l s s a i d i n h i s Le c t u r e s o n T e a ch i n g d e l i v e r e d i n t h e U n i v e r si t y
, , ,

o f C a m b r i d ge Le n t Te r m 1 880 t h a t he h a d r e c i t e d t hi s qu e s t i o n m a n y
, , ,

hu n d r e d t i m e s a ll t he w hi l e b e l i e v i n g, t he n wa s a v e r b m e a n i n g
” “

pl e d ge a n e xc e ll e n t i llu s t ra t i o n o f t he wa y i n w h i c h c h i l d r e n a r e t o o

o ft e n a ll o w e d t o l ea r n t he w o r d s o f t h e C a t e c h i s m .

t u o n o m i n e i n y our n a m e he r e e q u i v a l e n t t o o n y o u r a cc ou n t
“ ”
, .

Cf . tuo n om in e ( C i c Phi l i 1 2 ) a l i o n om i n e ( Ci c R o s c C o m I 4)
. . . . . .

s u o n om i n e
”
( C ae s a r B G i . . . 18 ) meo n om i n e (T a c H i . . . e tc .

So Q ue e n
p ro t e W hi a k e r , Pe tle y , a nd Du p o r h a v e
E liz . h as .
”
t t
in r ép 0 00, “
o n y o u r b e ha l f,
”
he r e a s i n th e a n s e r he y h a v e “ i n m y w w t
n a me
”
.
’
w
No e l l s S m a l l Ca e ch i s m ha s “ p r o t e ” i n t he La i n ; fo r t he t t
G r e e k s ee a b o v e o n Q u i d — p r a e s t i t e ru n t ?” H a r w o o d t oo ha s h e r e “ t u a
, ,

Vci e,
”
an d i n t he ans we r me o n o mi n e .
”

praestiterun t , or un d e r t a k e b e c om e s u re ty fo r , ”
w a rr a n t ,
”
.

B o t h t hi s a n d t he p r ec e d i n g q u e s t i o n s h o w t ha t the c h i l d i s r e s p o n s i b l e
fo r ful fill i n g i t s p a r t w he n i t i s r o w n up Thi s i s a l s o cl e a r ly s h o w n b y
g .

No we ll s S ma ll Ca t e c hi s m Ti r dr e d ueé éza m-é a s 1r ou 0 w

’
W ha t d id
'
’

1 e ,
u n d e r t a k e t ha t
y ou w o u l d d o e tc
”
, .

Tria meae —
T r i a m e o n om i n e o lli c i t i s u n t ”
p .
.

a um q u o d r e n u n c i a r e m Di a b o l o m u n d o
, ca rn a li b u S c o n
'

, ,
”
c u p l s ce n t i s
j .

De i n d e , u t c re d e re m o mn e s t
Ar i c u l o s fi d e i Chr i s t i a n a e .
 TH E CA TE C H IS M
94
.

m u nd i ne
q u am ; o m n i bu s p ra v i s o f hi s t n a u gh ty w or ld ; a ll c ro o k ed
Secun d em , m e l o n gi n gs o f fl es h Secon d ! t ha t I
co n cu
p i s ce n t u s c arn i s .
.

o m n es fi d ei C hr i s t i a n a e ar ti c u os l w o u l d b e l i ev e a ll po i n t s o f C h1 i t i a n s

c red i t u ru m . Ter tt u m , me s an ct a m fa i t h T/zi r d l

. t ha t I w o u l d o b s e rv e

Dei v o lu n t a t e m i ll i n s m an d a t a ser G o d s ho ly w i ll
’
hi s c o m m a n d s ,

v at n r u m . i n i is a m b u la t u r u m om w a l k i n t he m o n a ll d a y s o f m y
n ib u a d ie b u s v i t ae mc ae . l i fe .

T he F i r s t Pr a y e r B oo k of E d wa r d VI . ha d
“
th e d evi l a n d a ll his w or ks
and p om p s , e tc .
( Pa r k e r and

For v a n i ta t i b u s H a r o o d ha s n ugi s w .

B a g s t e r ha s t
s c e l e r a i h uj u s m u n d i , a n d
”
a c omm a fo r t h e s em i co l o n .

p r a v i s . So i n Te r t . adv . Ma r c . iv 3 6 . . cir . fin .
“
fi d ei p r a v a e,
a p e r ve r s e fa i h , t ”
d i re c t ed to a w r on g ob e j ct .

c o n c 11 p i s c e n t i i s Ale s s h a s a e r c o n c u p i s ce n t ij s . ft p u gn a n t i b u s
c u m l e g e De i w hi c h Q u een E l i z d i d n ot r e t a i n . No w e ll s
,
”
.
’
d e fin i ion of t
t he w or d is rer u m m a la r u m a p p e t i tu s , v e l a p p e ti ti o ( La r ge Ca t e ch i sm ) .

a r tic u 1o 5 . No t t he Ar t i cl e s o f t he C h u r ch , of c ou r s e , b u t the
“
j oin t s ”
,

l
c a u s e s , s en e n ce s , o r t
p o i n t s o f t he C r e e d : i n t he C r e e d h e r e a ft e r g i v e n
a rt ic ul u s i s c o mm e n ce d b y a c a p i t a l l e tt e r j o i n ts
“ ”
e a ch
“
d p ep a .
,

( Pe tle y) K ¢i Aa a . he a d s ( W hi t a k e r No we ll a n d Du p o r t )
£
”
C t
,
“
, ,
.

c r e d i t u r u m No t e t h i s v e rb w i t h t he a c c s i m ply a s i n t he n e x t
. .
,

q u e s t i o n a n d c f w i t h l a s t c l a u s e o f t he C r e e d Ale s s he r e ha s q u o d
, . .
“

”
c r e d e re m Q u ee E l z
” “
n ot a s , n i u t cre d e r em .
, .

1n a n d a t a Ca ll e d i n t h e C o m m u n i on Se r v i c e Dec a lo gu m
. t he w o r d
m a n d a t e s ” m i gh t b e k e p t C f Ma u n d a y Th u r s d a y t h e m o s t r e a s o n . .
,

a b l e e x p la n a t 1o n o f w hi ch i s p e r ha p s t ha t i t i s a c or r up t i on o f Ma n d a t e
,

o r Ma n d a t e T hu r s d a y a s b e i n
g t h e d a y o n w h i ch wa s g i v e n t he N e w
,

C o m m a n d m en t .

t
Whi a k e r ha s Eu r oha i g, h a s No we ll s S m a l l C a e c h i s m Pe tle y and so
’
t .

a n d Du p o r h a v e l v r d x a m a
p , t
or d h i c h i s o n ly u s e d i n t h e Ne w Te s a w w t
t
m e n o f t he c o mm a n d m e n s o f m el t t .

i iis ambula urum

n 118
p r ob a b ly o n ly r e fe r s t o t
man d a t a,
b u t 1t m 1gh t a l s o r e fe r t o “ v o l u n a s t .

w
H a r oo d , a d t llo r u m n o r m a m m e t o t a m i a m m e a m d 1r e c t u r u m Vt .

An n o n— p r o m i s e r u n t . B a gs te r ’
s pu t a s e t c
Ed .
,
“
No n n e ,
”
.

No n n e p u ta s te e s s e a s t r i c t u m v t c r e d a s a t q u e fa c i a s i ll a q u a e i p s i t u o
,
i n e p r o m i s e r u n t J ) ( ue e n
Q Ale s s h a d a d i ffe r e n t v e r s i o n
p
o n
r
t
Sc i s n e e i a m qu a e d e b e s c re d e re
, fa c e re .

h
Pu t as n e t e c o m m De o d e u i n c t u m e s s e o b s t r i c tu m , v t ea om n ia
c re d as fa c i a s q ua e t uo n om i n e i ll i s us ce p eru n t ? ( Va u t r o lli e r ) .
 TH E CA TE C H IS M .
5

@ws t i o
’

.
Q a es t zon .

An n on pu t as te t en e r i e a c re d e re , Do y ou not t hi k n th en th ta
you
fa c e re q u a e t uo n om in e p ro m i s e a re bo u n d to b el i e v e th os e
( t hi
g ), n s

ru m? an d to do ( t ho s e t hi n
gs ) w hi c h t he y
ha v e p ro m i s e d on yo u r a cc o u n t

cy p r a es ta r e , q zm e zllz p r o t e r eeep er zm t ?
' '

Ten er z zze [e p u t a s , ea cr ed er e
’

No w e ll Sm a l l C a t chi s m w h e r e t he C r ee k i s , Oi mo z m VOp IZ u Q 7 6 0 61!

’ ’
’
s e ,

wa v r ek a g i p y ov t h a t ,
’

In
”
An n o n , e t c .
,
t he re is an e ll i p s i s of a p r ior qu e s t i o n , s uc h a s Is ,

th t a a ll ? ” “
A r e he y t l
a one b oun d ? T he s en s e of
“
An is r e pre s en ted

b y Ar n o l d La t . Pr o s e Com p , Pa r t I .
p .
3 6) b y t he i n s e r i on t of
“
the n .
”

i Z et g 13 7 6;00s i 3n 6¢
£ ihu g k ( Dup o r t ) T h i s i s g oo d
'

o i mov u v op xa r an . .

as layin g t
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t he of t h e c hi l d b a p i z e d , a n d t
on t he b i n d in g c ha r a c t e r o f th e c e r e m o n y .

H ar w o od ha s An n on .
”

e a c r e d e r e Pr ob a b l y t h e e a .
“
i s i n t e n d e d t o r e fe r b o th t o c r e d e r e
an d fa ce r e b u t t he r e s h o u l d ha v e
”
, b e e n n o co m m a a f e r c r e d e r e , o r
“ ”
t
l o n e a l s o a ft e r fa c e re E n gl i s h V e rs i o n b el ie ve ,
“
e se as in to an d to
d o, as,
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e tc . Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , a n d 1 7 03 ,
ho we v e r, a r e e
g w i t h t hi s

o f 16 7 0 .

B a gs te r
’
s E d ha s . a c o m m a a ft e r fa c e r e .

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’
s poin tin g i s l i k e Du r e l s
’
, m ar ef mv rt, xa i ép d m . So i s
Du p o r t s ’
m o r e é ew r e, xa i «p ets-m v. W hi t a k e r ha s no co m m a b e fo r e t he
m i, n or ha s N o w e ll s ’
S m a l l Ca t e chi s m . The l a tt e r ha s wp d r r ew, t he
fo r m e r Ep y é Z wGa i . Har w ood ,
“
ad ca c re d en d u m et p r a e s ta n d u m
qua e ,
”
e tc .

t n 0 n 0 m i n e. H er e Me s s r s . B ri gh t and Me d d ha v e tuo n om i n e ,

b u t i n t he p re v i o u s an s we r i n meo n om i n e .
”

Imo —
m e a e . Ita c e r te
u x i l i o s u m fa c t u r u s g ra t i a m
a tq i d De i a ,

a go e x a n i m o c o e le s t i Pa t r i q u i m e a d hac g r a t i a m p e r Do m i n u m n o s t r u m
,

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, ,

m i hi g r a t i a m u t i n e a p e r s e v e r e m u s q ; a d fi n e m u i t a e ( Q u e e n
,

Ale s s s v e rs i o n c o m m e n c e d d i ffe r e n t l y Sc i o De i a u x i l i o u olo

’
, ,

g ra t ia m t he r e s t b e i n g fo ll o w e d b y Q u e e n E l i z W h i t a ker a l s o .

d i ffe r s he r e It a c e r t e a t q u e i d De i g r a t i a fa c t u r u s s u m e t c
”
, .

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,
.

a go i m m o r t a le s q u od m e d i g n a t u s s i t p e r Do m i n u m I e s u m Chr i s t u m a d
,

ha n c s a lu t i s v i a m v o c a r e i p s u m q ve he m e n t e r o r o v t m e i t a s u a g r a t i a
, ,

c o n fi r m e t i n e a d em v t p e r m a n e a m a d fi n e m v s q ue v i t a e m c a e
,
 TH E CA TE CH IS AI
96
.

An s w er
Resp om i o
.
.

an te fa Y ea ly and G od he lp i n g ( me )
Im o sa n e, De é q ue ad u j v s u re ,

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ce le s t i g ra ti as a
g o
q u od m e ad ha n c gi v t h k e an s to ou r hea v e n ly F a he r t
l
sa u t s i v i am v oca v c r i t , p er I es u m th t h h a e as ca ll ed me un o t t hi s wa y

Ma x i m e p r o fec t o . E t De o o pe m m i hi a tq u e a u x il i um fe r e n te , e n i ta r

q u a n t u m qu i d e m fa c e r e p o t u e r o C oe le s t i v e r o p a ri m a x i m a s e x a n i m o . t
t
gr a i a s g a o h a b e é q u e , q
u od m e p e r I e s u m C h r i s t u m S e r v a t o re m i n h u n c

s a lu t i s s a u m d e d u xt t
e ri t S i m ti l q u e D e u m p re c o t u t.
d i v i n a m e vir u e
’

t t
s u a i mb a t, q
u u o e u n d e m u s q u e a d e x r e m u m s p i r i t u m ,
u l i m u m v i ae t t t
t
fi n e m, p e r p e u o r e t i ne a m ( No we ll s S m a ll Ca e c hi s m )
’
t .

B a s t e r has
g
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Al so t t .

co m m a s a f er t a go,
”
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”
and
“
r o go .
”

e x a n im o he ar i ly t . W hi t a k e r , Pe t le y , and Du p o rt , £1: Ka
p di a g .

g r a g tias a o p I m y h
gi v e ,
a n k s H a b e re
r en d e r, r e tu r n , o r ex r es s t .

g r a t i a m i s t o f eel gr a e fu l r e fe rr e gr a t i a m,
”
t
t o r eq u z te a fa v o u r
'

No e ll ha s w a go ha b e é q ue
”
Du p o r ha s eb xa p wr o, W hi a k e r a n d . t t
Pe tle y ha v i n g t he p a r i c i pl e t .

ha n c v i a m S o E d s 16 80
s a lu t i s 1 696 1 7 03 : s o t oo
. .
, , , ,

Va u t ro lli e r ( s e e a b o v e ) a n d J W Pa r k e r s Pr a ye r B o o k a n d B a gs t e r
, . .
’
,
.

No t s t a t e o f s al v a t i o n a s o u r E n gl i s h V e r s i o n b u t way o r p a th ”
” “ ”
.
, , ,

The r e i s n o a s s e rt i o n he r e of c om pl e t e s a lv a t i o n i n t h i s l i fe b u t t he c o n ,

t r a r y i s d i re c t ly i m pl i e d i n t h e w or d s th a t I m a y c o n ”
ut i n ea e tc ,
.
,

t i n n e i n t ha t (wa y) ri gh t o n up t o m y l i fe s en d Ale s s Q u e en E l i z ’
.
”
,
.
.

a n d W h i t a k e r ha v e a d ha n c g ra t i a m u n t o t hi s gra ce w hi ch a gr e e s ” “ ”
, ,

w i t h t he s e n s e gi ve n b y Va u tr olli e r a n d Du r eL In the G ree k W h i ta k e r ,

ha s i n h i s o wn Pr a ye r B o ok u g r a rr m ép é n j xé p w B e t l e y t o o ha s u g
’ ' ’

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r frn yv r j v r 79 a wm i a g w u n t o t h i s gr a c e o f s a lv a t i o n Dupo r t
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ho w e v e r who u s u a lly fo ll o w s hi m cl o s e ly ha s u g r a t mv r 719 a wmp i a g

’ '

, , r

xa r é o a m v w hi ch i s a t l ea s t n ot g o od G r ee k
r
, No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e c hi s m .
’

ha s a l s o g r a in -1v r 79 a wr t p i a g (s i c b u t o wmp i a g i n 1 5 84) xa r é c r a a w

’
u 1 1
, ,

i n hu n c s a lu t i s s ta t u m i n t he La t i n ; a n d t hi s l a tt e r Pa r s ell 1 7 1 3 a n d ,

1 7 16 G B o w ye r 1 7 3 3 a n d 1
,
.
7 44 a n d H a r w oo d a l s o ha v e ; s o t oo ha v e
, , , ,

Me s s r s . B r igh t an d Me d d .

C o m p a r e fo r Du r e l s v e rs i o n Ac t s xv i 1 7 I s t i ho m i n e s s e r u i d e i
’
. .

e xc e ls i s u n t q u i an n u n t i a n t v o b i s v i a m s al u t i s Vul ga t e ( E d MDLXX I I I ”
.
, .

i n t he B od l e i a n ) ; E n gl i s h V e rs i o n The s e m e n a r e t he s e r v a n t s o f t he
“
,

m o s t hi gh G od w hi c h s ho w u n t o u s t he wa o f s a lv a t i o n ”
, y .

F o r sa lut i s t r a n s l a t e d
“
s a fe t y,
”
i n t h eo l og i ca l w r i t i n gs s ee No we ll
” “
, ,
 98 TH E CA TE CH /S M .

e ti a m ro
go u t m e i ta g sua ra t ia co n Sa v i o u r . I a sol as k G od so to

fi r me t ut in ca
p e r ma n ea m us
q ue ad s t ren
gt h en m e b y hi s fa v o u r ha t t I
fi ncm v i t ae m ca e .
ma y t i
con nue in ha ( wa y ) ri gh t t t on

m y l i fe s en d
’
to
u
p .

b i s ho p Se e k e r d e fi n es t he i n a r d p a r w tc r a m e n t a s s o m e fa v ou r
of a sa

free ly b e s t w o ed o n u s fr om H e a v e n a ga i n a S a c r a m e n t e x p re s s e s
,
“

s o me G ra c e 0r F a v ou r o a rd s u s t w o n ce m o r e a s a c ra m en t i s a ,
“

R e p re s e n t a t i o n Le c t u r e o n C a t e
”
Si gn or of s om e he a v e n ly F a vo u r ‘

No r t on , o cc as i o n a lly t r a n s l a t e s gr a t i a
” “
ii als o
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c hi s m , v ol . .
p .
,

by fa v o u r .

con 6 rmet . E ds . 16 85, 1 6 87 h a ve co m m a ; Eds . 1 696 , 1 7 03 ha v e no

s top .

a (1 fi 11 e m t
a d e x r em u m s p i r i t u m m e u m , H a r woo d ; w h i ch a p p e a r s
”

to t
b e a k en fr o m No w e ll s ’
S m a l l Ca t e c hi s m ,
“
a d e x r e m u m s p i ri tu m , t
ul t i mu m v i a e fi n e m
”
t .

The m or e c o rr ec t G r e e k w or d i s Ka mxun j g, w h i c h, h o w
’

C a t e e ]: i s tes .

v
e e r, a p p ea r s n ot to ha v e b e e n La i n i z ed t . H i e r o n y m us u s e s Ca e t
chi s t a .
”
Q u ee n E l i z a b e h ha s t Q u e s t i on i n E n gl i s h V e r s i o n , a n d
Q ua e s ti o i n La i n t Va u t rolli e r a n d W hi t a k e r h a v e Q ua e s t i o
”
Cf . - .

n o e on t CAT EC H ISMU S abo ve . Th e r ea s on wh y we h a v e C a t e ch i s t

”
,

Q u e s t i on p r e s en t Pr a y e r B o o k i n h i s p a s s a ge t
”
a n d n ot in , ou r o f 1 66 2 ,

a nd wh e re t he q u e s t e d t o s a y the Lo r d s
c hi l d i s re t tt ’
Pr a y e r , i s h a he s e
s e n t en c e s a r e ho r ta t o ry o r i m p e r a t i v e a n d n ot i n t e rr oga t i v e , .

Pe tle y o f co u r s e h as Ep bma g w h i ch Dup o r t a l t e r s i n a cc or d a n c e w i t h

'
t t
,

t he re v i s i on o f 166 2 an d h e ha s K r nxwr rlc

'

a
, .

R e c i t a a r t i c u l 0s —
Reci t a a r t ic u l os F i d e i ”
( Q u e en E l i z ) Re . .

c i t a fi d e i a rt i c u l o s
(V a u tr o lli e r)
”
It eez ta m zlzz a r ti c u los fi d e z Clzr zs
' ' ' '
’ '

. .

t za n a e ( No w e ll s S m a l l C a t e c hi s m ) R e c i t a r e i s u s e d fo r
'
” ‘

r e he a r s e in .

y a m t a L zng wa r u m , a n d i t i s r en d er ed b
'

y r e he a rs e
”
i n No r t on s
’
t ra n s

lat i o n o f No we ll s La r ge Ca e ch i s m
’
Rec i t . t a —
m e m or it er
”
( H a r w oo d ) .

fid e i . S ee n ex t n o e. t “
W he n we b elee v e an o t he ’
r s th t i
re p ort , a s

b e le e fe La t F i d e s y a n u a Lz ngu a m m Th i s i s a k i d of f i t h
'

.
. n a

t
C hri s i a n fa i h d i fi e r s , t b e i n g a S p e c i a l g ift o f G o d a n d t he f u i t f H i
'

, r o s

Spir it .

tu a e . In E d s . 1 6 85 , 1 6 8 7 , 1 6 96
,
1 7 03 , for “
t u ae we fi n d “
tu i,
”
t he
ge i t i v
n e 0f t he
p r on o u n i n t he n e x t que s t io n we ha v e, ho we ve r, t ua e
t he p r o n o m i n a l a d j ec t i v e . The s e ed t
i ion s als o ha v e “
F id ei ”
and
Art i c u l os .
”

B ag s te r
’
s t
E d i i on has tui . H a rw oo d has t u ae .
 TH E CA TE CH I S /ll .
99

Ca tecni s tes . In s tr uct or .

R ec i t a fi d ei t u a e ar ti c u os l . R e he a rs e ( t he ) p o i n t s o f y o u r fa i t h .

Resp ons i o . An s wer .

R E DO i n De u m Pat re m o m ni B E LI E V E on G od ( t he) t
F a he r
po t en t e m ,
c rea t o re m c o e li t e r ra e a l m i g ht y , t
c r ea o r of . he av e n
Et in J esu m
'

C hr i s t om F i li u m e us
j ea r th A nd on J es u s C hr i s t hi s on ly
i
u n cu m Do m i n u m n os ru m , t Q l i So n our Lo rd , W ho wa s c o n c e iv e d
co nce p tu s es t d e Sp i r i t u s an ct o , Na t us fro m t he ho ly G ho s t W a s b o rn o f ,

C C Red o
”
R E Do —
A 7n e n . The E d s . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 8 7 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 0 3 ha v e .

Cr e d o i n De u m Pa t r e m O m n i p o t e n t e m , e tc .
, Q u een E l iz . The
Mor n i n g t with
'

Se r v i c e h e r e , i s t he s ame Du r e l s , s om e
’
C r e e d i n t he as

d i fle r e n c e s i n p o in t i n g an d ca p i t a l s t ” “
cru c i fi xus
”
an d t wo
'

, eg
. .
,
n a us , ,

d i v e r ge n c i e s , i n fe rn a a n d E t vi am ad A le s s h a d g i v e n t h e C r e e d t .
”

i n fu l l i n t h e C a e ch i s m : h e h a s
“
t
a d i n fe ro s ,
”
an d
“
E t i n S p i r i tu m
t
s a n c u m , s a n c t a m E cc le s i a m C a t holi c a m , e t c
”
T he C r ee d i n Va u t r o lli er , .

w hi ch i g i v e n i n fu ll i n t h e C a e c hi s m , a n d
s t n ot t he firs t wo rd s o n ly ,
as

in Q u e e n E l i z , i s the s a m e a s ha i n t he
. t t Mo rn i n g S e r v i ce of Q u e en
E liz .
,
but a ga i n w i t h d i ff
ce s o f p o i n ti n g e ren .

The C r e e d gi v e n i n No w e l l s La r ge C a t e ch i s m a gr e e s i n the m a i n w i t h
’

Q u e e n E l i z b u t w i t h fi v e d i v e r g e n c i e s m e n t i o n e d b e l o w T he s e s a m e
.
, , .

d i v e r ge n c i e s o cc u r i n h i s S m a l l Ca t e c h i s m w i t h o n e o t h e r n o t a b l e p o i n t ,

(s e e n o e on t S a n c t a m E c c le s i a m C a t ho li c a m
Pa t m No w e ll ’
Gr eek ( Sm a ll Ca t e c hi s m ) is he r e p oi n t e d ‘

r e . s Ou m,
wa r ép a wa v r oxp é r op a ,
0 m n ip 0 te tem n . Ed . 1 6 96 ha s no s o t p he re . Eds . 1 6 85 , 1 6 87 , a n d

1 7 03 ha v e a s em i co l o n .

u n c u m E d s 1 6 85 1 6 87 1 6 96 1 7 03 ha v e a c om m a he r e
i . .
, , ,
‘

( Ie No w e ll a l s o ha s DE i n b o t h La r g e a n d S m a l l Ca t e chi s m s b u t i n
.
“ ”
,

h i s e x pl a n a t i on i n t h e for m e r h e ha s
”
e .

W hi t a k e r No w e ll Pe tle y a n d Dup o r t h a ve i n F o r d e c f De u m
, ,
”
,
.
“
, .

d e De o i n N i c e n e C r e e d
”
.
,

5 a n c t o S o E d s 1 6 96 17 03 b u t E d s 1 6 85 16 87 h a v e . Sa n c t o ,
.
,
.

Na t u s n a tus l i i n g p a r t o f t he s a m e a r t i c u lu s
”
Q u e e n E i z t b e ,
.

as c on c e p t u s ”
.

V i r g i n e W h i t a k e r , No w e ll Pe t le y a n d Dup ort ha v e
“
.
t he (r 179) , ,

V i r g i n r i gh t ly C f the G r e e k o f Ma tt he w i 2 3 w i t h t he H e b re w a n d
,
”
. . .

G r e e k of I s a i a h v i i 1 4 . .

H a rw oo d ha s d e h e r e .
 TH E CA TE CH /5 M
‘

100
.

ex M ri a a Vi rgi n e , Pa ss u s s ub Po n i o t Ma y ( t he ) V i rgi n
r ,
Su ffe red u nd e r

Pi la t o, C ru c i fi x u s , m or uu s t se
p l u t
Po n i u s Pi l a t e, W as c ru c i fi ed , d i ed 3 :

t
t u s Des c e n d i a d i n fe ros ; T e r i a d i e
,
t wa s b u r i ed , W en t do w n un o t th os e

R es u r re x i t a m or t u i i s , A sc e n d i t a d be l o w; On ( t he ) t hi r d d a y R o se a
ga i n

c oe lo s , Se d e t a d d ex t e ra m De i Pa t ri s fro m ( t he ) d ea d , W e n t u
p to ( t he )
o mn i
p o ten t is : I n d e v en t u ru s es t j ud i he a v en s , Is s tt
i i n g a t ( t he) r i g ht ha n d

c a re v ivos m o rt u os . o f G od ( t he ) t
F a he r a l m i gh y : T he n c e t
C red o i n Sp i ri t u m Sa n c u m , Sa n c t is t o c om e t o j l i v i n
g 8: d e ad u d ge .

t a m E c c les i a m C a t ho li c a m , Sa n c o r u m t I b e l i ev e o n (t he) H o ly G ho s t ( T he) ,

C o m m u n i o n e m , R e m i ss i o n e m p e c c a t H o ly C a t ho l i c C hu rc h ( T he) F e ll o w ,

o ru m , C a rn i s r es u r re c t o n e i m ,
ac Vi ta m s hi p o f ( t he) H o ly ( T he) R e m i tt i n g ,

a e te r n a m . Amen .
of i n s (T he) r i s i n g a ga i n o f F l es h
s , ,

a n d ( t he ) Li fe ev e rl a s t i n g Ame n . .

s u b P0n ti o P i la t o . W hi t a k e r No w e ll , ,
Pe t le y , an d Du p or t ha v e
éar i U o v n ov
’

II i Aci r ov ,
“
i n t he t im e o f,
”
e tc . Th e F i r s t Pra y e r B oo k of

Ed w ar d VI . ha s Po n c e Pi l a t e .
”

C r u c ifi x u s c ru c i fi x u s
”
Q u ee n E l iz ; . so making it p a rt o f t he

s ame
“
ar tic u us l as Pa s s u s .

m o r tuus (s o . es t ) d ied ,
”
n ot
“
wa s d ea d ,
”
as E n gl i s h V er s i o n .

5 e p u lt u s No w e ll S E PU LTU S E ST
”
i n b o h La r g e t and S m a l l Ca t e
c hi s m s . In t he l a tt e r ,
ho w e ver , t he Cre e d i s i n s m a ll t yp e .

a d i n fe r o s : 0r ,
“
un t
ya n u a t r a n s l a t e s i n
o t he o he r t w or ld ,
”
as

fe r o s a goo d r e n d e r i n g a s i m p ly i n g i n n o wa y t he pl a c e o f t 0r m e n t whi c h
, ,

t he w o r l d b e l o w b e n ea th t he l o w e r
”
a ll s u ch e x p r e s s i o n s a s
“ “ ”
or or , ,

n e t he r w o r l d m o r e o r l e s s d o i m ply a r e s i m pl y
“
“
e tc ,
”
.T he , i n fe ri .

t he d e a d a s o p po s ed t o t h o s e wh o a r e s u p e r t e rr a m
”
( s ee C o m m a n d
“
,

men t F o r t e pl a c e o f t o r m e n t 7 a n
h u a u s e s O r cu
“
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, ,
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”
No w e ll ha s t he s a m e a s Du r e l a n d N o r t o n . ,

t ra n s l a t e s i n fe r os b y h e ll ; b u t i n h i s e x pl a n a t i on No w e ll ( La rge
“ ” ” “

C a t e ch s m ) s h o w s he m e a n t s i m ply t ha t pl a c e w h e r e b o t h
i “
t he s o ul s
o f t he u n b e l i e v i n g t he d e a d w h i ch w h i l e t h e y l i v e d b e l i e v e d i n
” “
and , , ,

C hr i s t w e r e t o b e fo u n d T he Ma rs c ha ll , D D i n The C a t e c hi s m
”
, . . . .
, ,

B ri e fly e x pl a i n e d 1 6 7 9 s a y s o n t he w o r d h e ll a ft e r C hr i s t wa s
” “ ”
e tc .
, , , ,

d e a d a n d b u r i e d hi s S o u l a n d B o d y c on t i n u e d fo r a t i m e i n a s e p a ra t e
,

c o n d i t i on u n d e r t he d o m i n i o n o f d e a t h w h i ch co n d i t i on i s s o m e t i m e s
s i g n i fi e d b y t he G r a v e o r H e ll
”
.

Qu e e n E l i z a n d W h i t k e h a ve a d i n fe rn a (s e l oc a) un t o t he
a r .
“ ”
.
.
 TH E CA

m ar t in » n j u (n o t ig s rr vj ) d y i a v éc xxna i a v xa GOXurfiv , r ep ea ti n g ar i a -
r ui n)
, b u t Wi th
out t he u g th
m a k i n g a ll th e s u b s e q u e n n o u n s d e p e n d e n
’

us t t upon thi s

t
v e r b , a n d a t the s a m e i m e , b y t he o m i s s i o n o f th e e i g, d r a i n g a n w e m ph t i c a

t
d is in c i o n b e t tw
e e n o u r b e l i e f i n t h e F a h e r , i n t he S on , a n d i n t the H o ly
Gh os t ,
and ou r b e l i e f th a t ther e i s a H o ly C a h o l i c C h u r c h , e t c t . We
c a n n o t w i t ho u t t i d o l a r y be l i e v e on a n y p e rs o n o r h i n g e x c e p G o d t t . So
No we l l i n h i s ex pl a n a t i on w it No w r e m a i n e t h t h e fou r t h pa rt of
“
r es , ,
t he

H oly Ca t/ zolz c e tc
'

cl e a r ly d i v i d i n g t he l a e r p a r o f t he C re ed
. tt t
t
fr o m t he hr e e fo rm e r d i v i s i o n s o n t h e T r i n i y a n d fu r h e r o n h e r i e s , t t w t
”
“
c r e d e r e [n o t i n S an c ta m C a t ho li c a m R o m a n a m E c c les i am
‘
So i n .

hi s V o c a b u l a r y a t t h e e n d o f h i s Ca e c h i s m , No e ll ri e s , Cr ed o, c u m t w w t
t
a cc u sa i v o , e t p r a e p o s i t i o n e ; n o s ru m ; u t c r e d e r e i n De u m , i e , De u m t . .

v e r e a gn o s c e re , i ll i fi d e m ha b e r e , i ll i c o n fi d e r e , s p e m e t fi d u c i a m o m n e m
i n i llo c o llo ca r e n a m h a e c o m n i a s i m u l c o m p le c t i t u r Cr e d o i em , c u m . t
t
s o l o a c cu s a i v o , u t C r e d o r e s u rr e c t i o n e m m o rt u o ru m , e t v i a m a e e rn a m , t t
t
i d e s t, c e r o e x pe c o , v e l s p e r o n o s r a s u n t ”
H e he r e fo r e d r e a s h a r p t t . t w
t t
d i s i n c i on b e e e n Cr e d o i n ,tw
”
w
h i c h i s u s e d o f t h e De i y, a n d m e a n s t o t
a ck n o w t t
l e d ge , ha v e fa i h i n , ru s , a n d pl a c e h o p e a n d c o n fi d e n ce i n hi m ,t
and
“
C r ed o
”
wt
i h t h e a ccu s a i v e , m e a n i n g t o e x p e c o r ho p e fo r t He t .

ev i d e n tr a h t
ly eg r d s , h e n , t e l a s t wo cl a u s e s o f t he fo u r h p a r o f th e
“ ”
t t t
C r e e d as d e p e n d e n o n t
C r e d o , a n d n o t i n , a n d h e re fo re p r e s u m a b l y
” “ ”
t
t t
t he o he r h re e cl a u s e s o f h a p a r a r e a l s o d e p en d e n t tu pon
“
Cr e d o ”
t t
s i m p ly .

The r e a re r e as o n s fo r thi
k i n g t ha t Du r e l a l s o i n t e n d e d S a n c ta m
n
“

E c c le s i a m e t c t o d e p e n d d i r e c t ly o n C r e d o i n t he s a m e wa y t ha t i n t h e
” ”
, .
, ,

C r e e d i n t h e Co m m u n i o n S e r v i c e h e p u t s i n b e fo r e e a ch p e r s o n o f t he “

T r i n i t y b u t n o t b e fo r e t he C a t holi c k a n d Apo s t o li c k C h u r ch j u s t a s Pe t le y
,

a n d Du p o r t t he r e a l s o m a k e t h e Ch u r ch e t c t o b e go v e r n e d s i m ply b y , ,
.

mo -im i tr Dure l t he r e h as E t u na m s a n c ta m C a tho li ca m

.
“
A p os t o l i , ,

c a m E cc les i a m S o h e r e Du r el p r ob a b ly m ea n t
.
E c c le s i a m to b e
“ ”

go v e rn e d d i r e c t ly b y O t he r w i s e he w o ul d h a v e re p e a t e d t he
”
Cr e d o .

p re p o s i t i o n as C l as s i ca l u sa ge r e qu i re s a n d as h e d oe s e l s e w he r e : cf
, .

d e t e rr a n y p t i d e d o m o s er v i t u t i s ,a n d a ga i n
“
e x t o t o c o r d e e x t o ta , ,

m e n t e e x t o ta a n i m a
, e x t o t i s v i ri b u s a nd
“
,a b o m n i p e cc a t o a c ,
ma l i t i a a b ho s t e a n i m o ru m
, a b a e t e rn a m o r t e .
 TH E CA TE CH /S i ll . 03

It t t
m a y b e a d d e d h a i n Q u e e n E l i z a b e h s La i n Pr a y e r B ook , i n ha t ’
t t t
p rin t e d b y Va u t r olli e r , a n d a l s o i n t he E n g l i s h B oo k o f
Q uee n E l iz , .

th e re is a fu ll s o t t
cl a u s e o f b e l i e f o n the S p i r i t
p a f er I believe in
th e .
“

t h e H o l y G hos t
T h e h o ly C a t h o l i c C h u r ch Q u ee n E l i z
”
. T he e tc .
, .
, .

E n gl i s h V e r s i o n In t h e La t i n v e r s i o n s a t a ll e v e n t s i t i s i m p r o b a b l e
.

t ha t the p re p os i t i on i n wa s i n t e n d e d to go v er n a n y w or d s a ft e r a fu ll
s top w h e r e a s C r e d o m ig ht w e l l b e u n d e rs t oo d a s i n the s ec o n d p a r t
E t (s e C r e d o) i n I e s u m C hr i s t u m e t c
”
o f t he C r e e d .
, .

T ha t thi s c o n s ru c t ti on , C r e d o S a n c t a m E c c le s i a m Ca tho li c a m , is in
t e n d ed in th e La i n t
v e r s i on s a l s o a pp e a r s fr o m t he fo ll o w i n g fa c t s , .

F i r s t ly i n W hi t a k e r s G re e k a n d La t i n Pr a y e r B ook ( p a ra ll e l c o l u m n s )
’

we fi n d i n t he La t i n C re d o i n S p i r i t u m S a n c t u m Sa n c t a m e c c le s i a m
“
.

Sa n c t o r u m e t c ; a n d i n t he G r e e k c o lu m n
”
C a th oli c a m
’

. H a i u g
,
.
,
t ru u

W e ii p a ii y wv , m -
a r ez o i T in! d yia v
’
ex xhn ma v
’

A g a i n , i n No w e ll s’
S m a ll C a t e chi s m we ,
h a v e t he G r e e k and La i n t
p a r a ll e l c o l u m n s we fi n d wv efi p a
’

in . In th e fo rm e r m o r a ne i u g a
yi o v m o r u i w
r i yv a y la u ( s ic )
’
e xx k no i a v xa eo h i mjv , x xr A . In t he La i n we ha v e t C red o i n
Sp i r i t u m s an ct u m : s a n c ta m E c c le s i a m c a t h o li c a m , s a n c o r t um commu

n ion em ,
”
e tc . i . e .
,
a co l on d i v i d i n g t he fi rs t c l a u s e fr o m t he res t w hi
, ch

a re on ly d i v i d e d fr o m on e a n o the r by com m a s . T hi s i s t he s a m e i n bo h t
Ed . 1 5 84 a n d 16 3 3 .

S o , t o o, i n C a te c h e t i c a e c o m m o n Ca t e V e r s i on e s Va ri a c ,
”
e tc .
,
T he
c h i s m e i n fou r e La n g u a g e s
”
Lo n d o n 1 6 3 8 we fi n d i n t he E n gl i s h c ol u m n , , , ,

I b e le e v e i n t he h o ly G hos t t he ho ly Ca t ho l i q u e C hu r c h e t c a n d .

i n t he La t i n C r e d o i n S p i r i t u m S a n c t u m : c r e d o s a n c t a m E c c le s i a m
,
“

s h o w i n g t h a t e v e n w h e r e a c o l o n d i v i d e d t he c l a u s e s
”
c a t h o li c a m e tc , .
,
”
C hu r c h b u t Chu rc h
“
l i n wa s n o t s u pp o s e d to go v e r n
”
i n t he E n g i s h ,
“
,

wa s t ho u gh t t o b e go v e rn e d d i re c t ly b y be l i e v e
“
.

A ga i n i n ,
A Co m m “
e n t o n t h e B o o k o f C o m m o n -Pr a e r
y e tc b y ,
.
,

W i ll i a m Ni ch o ll s D D Lo n d o n MDC C X we fi n d a s fo ll o w s
,
. .
,
X V By , ,
.

be li ev i ng i n the H oly Gho s t w e p r o fe s s h i m t o b e v e r y G o d e t c X V I

, ,
”
.
“
.

w t t
.

F r om the A r ti cle of the C a tho li eh C h u r ch e b e li ev e ,

T ha h e r e 15 a

n u m b er o f Me n , f
” “
X VI I B t he A r t i c le of t h e C o m m u n i on o
e tc y .
.

S a i n ts we beli ev e, Tha h e re i s a C o mm u n i o n ,
”
e tc h itt
s c l ly
e a r s h o .
t w s
 TH E CA TE CH I S J V .

th t
a Ni c ho ll s d i d n ot thi n k Cr e e d
t he ex p re s s ed “
b e l i ef i n , b u t ”
sim pl y
b e lief o f t he ex i s ten c e o f a C hu r c h .

B e fo re l ea v i n g t he s u b j e c t we ma y co m p a r e “
Pe r e s t he Pl o u gh m a n s
Cre d e
”
( ci rc a
“
C R E DO . LE U E t ho u o n o ure Lo u e r d G o d
An d on J
ge n t y l e s u C ri s t
A n d i n t he h e i ghe ho ll y go s t h o lly y
b e le u e , A n d ge n e r a l ] ho ly C h i r c he a l s o h o l d hi s i n t hy m y n d e ,
”
t e tc .

Sa n ctorum C o mm u n i o n e m . No w e ll i n hi s ex pl a n a t i o n gi v e s
t hi s cl a u s e o f t he C r e e d i n t he fo r m C R E DE R E S ANCTO R U M C O MMU N IO

NE M ( La r ge Ca t e c hi s m ) ,
s ho wi ng th t h
a e d id c o n s id e r C o m m u n i o
n ot

n em a t a ll e ven t s to b e go v e rn e d b y i n
“
we b e l i e v e t he c o m m u n i o n o f
‘

s ain s t ( No rt o n
’
s t ra n s l a io n ) I fo ll ot . t w s t he p r e v i o u s cl a u s e Sa n c t a m
E c c le s i a m C a t ho li c a m ”
,
B ec a u s e th ese t wo b e l o n g a ll t o o n e t hi n g
”

(d i tt o) .

T hi s cl a u s e was e x pl a i n e d a t the a tt e m p t e d R e v i s i o n o f 1 6 89 a s t he
fe ll o w s hi p o f a ll t r u e C hr i s t i a n s i n fa i t h h o p e a n d c h a r i t y , , .

A s t he w o r d s S a n c t u m a n d Sa n c t a m a r e u s e d i m m ed i a t e ly b e fore
” ”

or H o ly i t s e e m s b e tt e r t o r e t a i n t h e w o r d H o ly h e re
”
, Sa i n t s i n .

t he m o d e rn s e n s e i s c o e li t i b u s i n ya n u a w he r e a l s o c o mm u n i o n e m
fe ll o w s hi p C f n o t e o n s a n c t i fi c a v i t i n the n e x t a n s w e r a n d i n t he
”
“
is . .
”
,

F o u r t h C o mm a n d m e n t Sa n c t i fi c a r e i s t o m a k e h o ly o r ha ll o w an d
.
, ,

Sa n c t i a r e t he ha ll o w e d C f All H a ll o w s t e O m n i u m Sa n cto r u m
. .
,
”
. .
,
.

In t he a d d i t i o n a l n o t e s i n Ni c ho ll s C o m m e n t a r y o n t he Pr a y e r B oo k ’
,

we fi n d Sa n c t i ( h e fi d e le s . . .

Rem is s ion e m pe cca t orum T he R e v E Da n i e l w r i t e s ( The . . .

“

Pra y e r B o o k At fi r s t s i g h t t h e c o n n e c t i o n
”
e tc
,
Lo n d on p 3 6 8)
.
, ,
.

b e tw e e n t hi s a r t i cl e a n d t he H o ly G ho s t m a n o t s t r i ke t h e r e a d e r I t is
y .

t hi s The C h u r ch i s t he i n s t r u m e n t w hi c h G o d h a s a p po i n t e d t o co n ve y
.

t o m a n t he fo rg i v e n e s s o f s i n s a n d i t i s t o t h e H o ly S p i r i t t he C hu r c h
o we s i ts e x i s te n c e a n d i ts
p ow e r s I t i s t he re ge n e r a t i o n e ffe c t e d b y t he
.

H o ly S p i r i t i n B a p t i s m w hi c h s e c u r e s t h e r e m i s s i o n o f s i n s ; i t i s b t he
y
g i ft o f t he H o ly G ho s t t ha t t he m i n i s t e r s o f t he C h u r c h a r e e m p o w e r e d
t o a u t h o r i t a t i v e ly d e cl a r e t o t ho s e who a re t r u ly p e n i t e n t a n d b e l i e v e hi s
ho ly go s p e l t he fo r g i v e n e s s o f s i n s w h i c h t he y c o m m i t d a b d a W i th ”
y y y .

t hi s we ca n n o t a gre e T he v e r y fa c t tha t s uch co n n e c t i o n m i gh t n 0t

.
“
 TH E CA TE CH /5 11 . .

0.

Q u id p o tis si m n n i d oc e ri s in hi s W ha t a re
y ou es pe c i a lly t a u gh t in

fi d ei t u ae a rt i c u li s ? th es e
p oi n s t of you r fa i h ?t
Resp on s i o .
An s wer .

Pr i m o d oc eo r
,
c re d e re in F i rs t ly , I am t au gh t to b e l iev e on

Pa t r e m , q u i m e mu n d u m G od ( t he ) t
F a he r, who has m a d e m e

sum c on d i d i t .
(t he) wh o e l w or ld .

a c Vitam t he la s t ar t ic u us l b e gi n s at V i ta m .
Q ueen E l i z ha s .

“
et v i ta m ” mak in g ,
Ca r n i s — a e t e rn a m
”
on e cl a u s e . No w e ll Pe tle y .

an d Du p o r t o m i t m i ,
t
b u t W h i a k e r ha s i t .

a e te r n a m : or t
e e rn a l .
”

l e a v i n g the C r e e d we m u s t n o t e t he d i ffe re n c e s t hou gh s l i gh t

B e fo re , ,

i n t he La t i n v e r s i o n g i v e n i n B a gs te r s Poly gl o t Pr a y e r B o ok ( E d
’
.

w hi ch i n t he m a i n fo ll ow s Du r e l v e rb a t i m .

In hi s fi r s t e d i t i o n t he e d i t i o n fi r s t p u b l i s he d b y W B ore/y er “

i n 1 7 2 0 i s s a i d t o b e fo ll o w e d ( s e e Pa r t I I c ha p b u t i n t he e d i t i o n . .

o f 1 86 6 n o a ck n o w l e d gm e n t o f t h e a u t h o r s hi p i s made S i n g u l a r ly .

e n ou gh t her e i s n o c o py o f E d 1 82 1 i n t h e B o d l e i a n . .

H i s t e x t i n t he m a i n fo ll o w s Du r e l v e r b a t i m b u t t h e r e a r e c on s i d e r a b l e ,

d i v e r ge n c i e s o f p o i n t i n g c a p i t a ls e t c a n d s o m e fe w v e r y i m p o r t a n t
, ,
.
,

d i fle r e n c e s i n the l a n gu a ge i t s e l f F o r t he l a tt e r a t a ll e v e n t s t he r e i s
'

, ,
.

n o w a rr a n t i n a n y e d i t i o n o f Du r e l p u b l i s he d d u r i n g h i s l i fe t i m e o r fo r

t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t ha t c e n t u r y W e s ha l l e n d e a v o u r t o n o t e m o s t i f n o t
.
,

a ll t he d i v e r ge n c i e s t hr o u gh o u t t he Ca t e c h i s m e x c e p t s u ch a s
“
, et for ,

a n d t h e c ha n ge s i n a c c e n t u a t i o n .

In t he C re e d we fi n d c om m a s a ft e r De u m m or t u u s
” ” ”
C hr i s t u m , , ,

De i a n d v e n t u r u s e s t ; a s e m i c o l on fo r a c o m m a a ft e r n o s t ru m
”
,

a c o l o n for a s e m i c o l on a ft e r a c o l o n fo r a c o m m a a ft e r m or “
i n fe r o s
t u i s a n d c o elo s a fu ll s t o p fo r a c o m m a a ft er s e p u lt u s a n d l a s t l y ,

s m a l l l e tt e r s i n s t e a d o f c a p i t a l s i n Na t u s
“ ” ” ” ” “
Et Q ui Pa s s u s , , , ,

Te r t i a
” ”
i
C ru c fi xu s R e s u rre xi t
,
”
As ce n d i t
,
”
Se d e t
”
I nde and , , , ,
”

”
Sa n c ta m .

w i g t the w t o f i
O n o fl e c t i o n s i n o u r l a n g u a ge s t o p s a r e o f t h e
an n ,

u t m t i m p or t c e I t i
os an s o n ly i n t h e p r e c i s i o n o f l e ga l l a n g u a ge t h a t we
.

ca n d i mi s th m I o
ss e n r d i n a r y s e n t e n ce s t he i n s e r t i o n o r o m i s s i o n
.

o f e v e n a com m a m a
y c o m pl e t e ly a l t e r t he d o c t r i n e t h e y t e a ch a n o t a b l e
i n s t a n c e o f t hi s we s h a ll ha v e o cc a s i o n h e re a ft e r t o r e m a r k ( s e e n o t e
No r a re c a p i t a l s u n i m p o r t a n t : t he r e i s fo r
“
on qu o d n ob i s ,

e xa m p l e a g r e a t d i fle r e n c e b e t w e e n V e r b u m a n d v e rb u m t he l a tt e r
'

, ,
t he w or d Wor d
“ ”
o f G od t h e for m e r H i s , .
 TH E CA TE CIIIS III . 1 07

Sec u n d o, i n Deu m F ili u m , q u i me Se co n d ly , on G od ( t he) So n who ,

t t o um
ge n u s hu m a n u m red em i t . ha s r a n s o m ed me ( t he) w ho l e hu m a n
T er t i o i n Sp i r i t u m s a n c u m De u m ,
, t ra c e .

q u i me o mn e s e ec os l t De i s an c t i fi T hi rd ly , on ( t he) H o ly G ho s t ( as )
c av i t . Go d ,
who ha s ha ll o w e d me a ll

G od
‘

s e ecl t o n es .

Q u id i m um
p o t i
Q u i d p r a ec i p u e d i d i c i s t i e x hi s a r t i c u li s
s s .
“

fi dei ? ”
Q u e e n E l i z A e s s ha d n o fi d e i
l ”
. W hi a k e r h a s d i s e i s ”
In . t .

i ll i s fi d e i a r t i c u li s q u i d p r a e c i p u e d i s c e n d u m a r b i t ra r i s ( Va u t ro lli e r )
? ”
.

Q d ex hij s fi d ei a r t i cu li s p ot i s s i u zzi m d i s ei s ? ( No we ll s S m a ll C a e
u i ’
t
t wt
ch i s m ) In c on n e c i on i h t he n o e a b o v e o n Sa n c t a m E c c le s ia m
.
“
t
C a t h oli c a m , it is i t e e ti g to
n te t h t
r s n no a no t
m e n i on i s m a d e of t he

t
C a h o l i c C h u r c h, e tc i . t hi u mm y
,
n s s ar .

P r i m 0, d o ce 0r , e tc . Pr i m ii m , d i d i c i c r e d e r e i n De u m Pa tr e m ,
qui c re a u i t c oe l u m t e r ra m .

De i n d e i n De u m F i li u m , q u i m e r ed em i t , t t
o um ge n u s hu m a n u m .

t
T e r i o, i n S p i r i t u m san ct u m q ,
ui me s a n c t i fi c a t, u n i u e rs u m e le c tu m

p o p u lu m De i ( Q u e e n
”
W hi t a ker ha s
“
d i s co, n ot
“
d i d ic i .
”

Pr i m ii m , d i s c o cr e d e n d u m m i hi es s e i n De u m Pa t r e m , q u i me
v n i ue r s um hu n c m u n d u m c on d i d i t . Se c u n d b i n De u m fi li u m , q u i me
t t o um ge n u s hu m a n u m r e d em i t . t
Te r i o, i n S p i r i t u m s a n c u m De u m , t
qui me om n e s De i e e l ct o s s a n cti fi ca t
”
( Va u t r o lli e r )
Pr i m o i n De u m Pa t r e m i m e m u n d u m u n i v e r s u m fa b r i cr e d e re
, q , u

t
c a u s es t S e cu n d o, i n De u m F i li u m , q u i m e ,
.
u n i v e rs u m g e n u s h u

m a n um r e d em i t T e r i o, i n De u m S p i r i t u m s a n c u m , q u i m e,
. t omn es t
t
a De o e l e c o s s a n c t i fi c a t ( No e ll s S m a ll C a e c h i s m )
” ’
w t .

m i fn d u m t hi s w o r d a n d a l s o u n i v e rs u s c o n d ere and red im ere

” “ “

ccu r
o t l t h W h
,

l ta ker s P e t le y s a n d Du p o r t s
0
,
’
,
’ 1
o 1n 7 a n u a r a n s a e d a s e r e .
, ,

w o rd fo r q u i c o n d id it i s (i nmovp yw j a wa
’
a .

r e d e mi t z o r, r e d e em e d .
”

Sp iri t um s a n e t u m De u m Deu m , b e i n g pl a ce d a ft e r S p i r i
.
”

t um s a n c t m i
u
”
s em p ha t i c . Th i s cl a u s e i n t he C r e e d wa s o r ig i n a lly m t ro
d u ce d on a d oub s cc ou n t of t o f t h e De i t y o f t he H o ly G h o s t Du p o r t ha s .

o u w r o H i e fi y a 7 6 Ay i o v , b u t i t
‘
r i s t o b e r e m "
a r k e d h a , h e r e a s h e u s es t t w
fi l t
t he d e n i e a r i c e h e r e a n d i n G u w t
r o v r u w ,
h e o m i s i t b e fo r e F a h e r,
” ‘ ' ‘

t t
y
s a in g s im ply 9 5 6v H a é
r p a a n d s r i c ly i n t h e c a s e o f t h e S o n a n d o f t h e t t
ly u
H o G h os B aby i s s e d r e d i p t c a i v e ly T h e v e r s i o n s o f V a u t ro lhe r a n d t .

H ar w ood a gr e e wi th Du r e l s ’
.
Q ueen E l iz .
,
as we ha v e s ee n , h
a
s n ot

De u m a t a ll n o r ha s W hi t a k e r who ha s ly m 6 aiy i o v t he
’

on u gm ea r ih
,

Gr e ek No well s S m a ll C a t e c hi s m ha s t he a rt i cl e w i t h a ll t h
’
an d re e .

.
 TH E CA TE CH IS rl/l .

ues t i on
Q .

Dic eba s Su sc e p t o re s t u os Su sc e p Y ou w e re sa y ing th t a you r G od

t i
r c es tuo n om in e
p ro m i s i ss e , t e m an t
fa he rs 6: G od m o he rs had p ro m i s e d t
da t a De i Se rv a t u ru m . Dic m i hi q u ot on y ou r a c co u n , ha you w o u ld t t t
s un t i ll a O bs e r v e ( t he) c o mm a n d s of G od .

T e ll m e ho w m a n y a re th os e

Resp ons i o . An s w er .

Dec em .

Q ae s u n t i ll a ? W ha t a re th os e ?

Resp ons i o , Ans wer .

A i p s a q u a e De u s pite ver y w hi
E
t r a d id i t c a H O SE ch G od ha s
T
o n es

5 a n c tn m . So E d . 1 696 ; Eds . 1 68 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 7 03 ha v e Sa n c t um .

o mn l e c t 0 s The w o r d o m n e s ( n o t c u n c to s ca rr i e s the i d e a
e s e .
“ “

o f i n d i v i d ua l i t y H e r e a g a i n t he La t i n s o m e w h a t d i fle r s fr o m t he E n g l i s h
‘

V e r s i on w h i ch ha s a ll t he e l e c t p e o pl e o f G o d
, , t o t h i s Pe t le y s a n d
’

Du p o r t s G r e e k a d he r e s : m i u r ov ( Dup o r t ; Pe t le y (rm 6X0

’
and no a r ,
/ 1!

a r t i cl e ou X é : a n d W hi t a k e r s a l s o wh o ho w e v e r ha s
) -
”

r ft 9 c m : E
a d en a v
’
,
, ,

iik o v fo r wé v S o t oo u n i v e rs u m e le c t u m p o p u l u m De i
“ ”
ra .
, , ( Q ueen
B u t s i m i l a r t o Du r e l s a r e t he v e r s i o n s o f N o w e ll om n e s a
’
,
“

De o e l e c t o s a n d o p m i m- g i n 7 05 9 07 éxk r mi g ( S m a ll C a t e ch i s m ) o f
,
”
v a 5 1 ex
‘

Va u t r olli e r o m n e s De i e l e c t o s a n d o f H a r w oo d c u m o m n i b u s De i
” “
, , ,

e le c t i s E lect i Dei No w e ll s a y s ( La rg e C a t e ch i s m ) i s
“ ”
p r o e le c t i
“
.
, ,
a De o .

s a n c t ifi c a v i t . So E d s . 1 68 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 696 , 1 7 03 . Pe r fe c t ,
n ot as
E n gl i s h V e r s i o n p re s e n t , t en s e ; ano t he m r ar k of i n d e pe n d en ce of t hi s

t ve i
La i n rs on . The p e r fe c t a s s u m es t h t th
a e d en uo n as ci j u s t i t i a e h a s
b y t hi t i m t s e a k en pl a ce . T he co m m o n C a t e c hi s m e i n fo u r e La n g u a g e s ”
,
16 3 8, ha s , who ha t h sa n c t i fi e d i n t he E n gl i s h .

Th e o th er ve rs i o n s c o ll a t e d ( Q u e e n E l iz . No we ll , Va u t r olli e r , Pe tle y ,
,

e tc .
) ha ve t he p r e s e n t , a d he r i n g t o t he E n gl i s h V e r s i o n S o Du po rt , .

t o o, ha s d yi é Z o v . F or “
s a n c ti fi ca v i t
”
s ee no e t on
“
Sa n c t or u m Com
m u n i on e m .
”

Di c e b a s . B a g s t e r ha s “
Di x i s t i , ”
fo ll o we d by a c om m a . C um
p o n d e ri s , Pa r i n o s
r es
t n o m i n e t uo
p r o m i s i s s e t e s e ru a t u ru m e s s e p ra ec e p ta
De i , d i c q u o s u n t t ( Q ue e n Di x e r a s s u s c e p t o r e s t u o n o m i n e
p r o m i s i s se , te ma n d a ta De i o b s e r u a t u ru m , d ic igi tu r qu o t s u n t i ll a ? ”
 TH E CA

lt h a v e a n o t her s
NO N Deos
I I ‘

I . ha b e b i s a li e n os . T HO U s ha n ot

d id it,
”
Va u t r o lli e r . tadxna w, t he LX X .
,
W hi t a k e r , Pe t le y , and Dup o r t
t he l a tt e r c on ti n ues év r t); ( 5 r in E d . 1818 ) f
t x oo r qi Keoa Xa hp ,
Har
w oo d qu a e De u s ca p i t e v i ge s i m o t fla t u s
'

ha s ut in E x o d i ha b e u r, e es t ad
,
”
hu n c m o d u m .

E go s u m t he v e r s i o n o f t he C o m m a n d m e n s gi v e n b y Du r e l i s t h e t
o r d i n a r y V u l ga e v e rs i on , t wt
i h s o m e d i ffe r e n c e s i n p o i n i n g a n d c a pi a l s , t t
an d t w
hre e s m a ll d i v e r ge n c i e s t
hi c h a r e n o e d b e l o w t ( T h e e d i i o n o f t he .

Vul g t w hi ch w h v e c ul t d i 1 5 7 3 S e
a e t e
P AT E R
a t ) on s e s . e n o e on n os er .

M B i gh t
es s rs d M dd i
. t h e t h p g h v th m d i v
r an e , n es re e as sa es , a e e sa e er

g e i D
n c es a s l I t i m w h t m k
ure b l t h t i . V t lli w fi d s so e a re ar a e a n a u ro er e n

tw v i
o f t he C m m
e rs o n s dm t Th o i th C mm i o an en s . e on e n e o un o n

S vi
er i b t t i lly th m
ce s su th t i Q E li
s an w ith d i v g i
a e sa e as a n u e en z ., er enc es

w hi h w h ll t Th t i t h C t c hi m
c e s a thno e th h d i i . a n e a e s ,
on e o er an ,
s n

p t th
ar s m N w ll e sa e as o e
’
s .

Q e D
“
i p e p d i d i t c p i t v i ge i m E
ua e us di di s : Eg m ro a e s o xo , c en s o su

De u s tu u s , q u i te e d u xi ex n y p to ex d omo s e r u i tu ti s
”
( Va u t r o lli e r in
Ca t e c hi s m ) .

d e te r r a , e t c . H e re a ga i n No w e ll , Pe tle y , and Du p o r t h a v e i n
wh e re Du re l ha s “
de .
”
So , t o o , i s o i xo v
,
LX X .
,
No w e ll , a n d Du p o r t ,
a nd in Pe t le y .

Q u ee n E l iz ha s . de t e r ra
”
an d
“
ex d om o .

Har w ood , fo ll o wi ng No w e ll h a s ex d o m ic i l io s e r v i tu ti s n y p t ia e .

s e r y i tut 1s thra ld o m e in 7 an ua th ra ld om or
“
b o n d a ge in
No r t o n ’
s t ra n s a l ti on o f No we ll s La rge C a t e c h i s m
’
.

I . NON . Eds 1 6 85 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e “
No n ”
th r o u gh o u t;
B a g s te r a s o l ha s No n .
”

De o s nu p ra e t e r m e Q u e e n E l i z ( C o m m u n i o n
l l os a l ios ha b eb i s . .

S e r v i c e ) w he r e a s Ale s s h a d Nu ll u m p r a e t e r m e De u m ha b e b i s ”
.

NO N H A B E B IS DE o s A LIE NO S C O R A M ME No w e ll s La r ge C a t e ,
” ’

c h i s m a n d a l s o i n t he s m a ll o n e
, W e s ha l l n o t e t h e d i ffe r e n c e s b e tw e e n .

t he m i n w o rd s b u t n o t t ho s e i n p o i n t i n g e t c Aft e r e a ch Co m m a n d m e n t
, ,
.

i s g i v e n t he r e s p o n s e Mi s e r e re n o s t r i ” e t c , , .

Va u tr olli e r i n C a t e c hi s m h a s t h e s a m e a s No w e ll ; i n C o m m u n i o n
S e r v i ce t h e s a m e a s Q u e e n E l i z
, .

hab e b i s t he fu t u re u s e d fo r a gen tle an d co u r t e ou s i m p e ra i v e t fo r

t he u s a ge c om p a r e C i c e r o In C a t . I . sub fi ne ,
wh ere he em pl o y s t he
fu t u re in a n a pp e a l J up i t
to er S t t
a or . Thi s ex pl a n a t i o n i s s u pp o r t e d
by “
Me m en t o ”
of t he fo th ur ,
a nd H on or a ”
o f t h e fi ft h C o m m a n d
 TH E CA TE CH ISM . 111

c o ra m me . G od s i n m y p res en ce .

I I NO N fa c i es t i b i
. s cu l p tile , ne qu e I I T H o v s ha l n o t m a ke fo r hy s e l f
. t t

m en t s . I t i s h o w e v e r e qu a lly p r oba b l e t h a t t he s e a r e s i m pl e (n o t ho r
, ,

t a t i v e ) fu t ur e s t hr o u ghou t t h e C o mm a n d m e n t s T ho u w i l t n o t t ho u
”
,

s h a l t ha ve O n e o f t he ch i e f gr o u n d s t ha t t e n d t o t h i s c o n clu s i o n i s
”
e tc , .

t h e for m o f t h e n e ga t i v e p a r t i cl e i n t he H e b r e w B y wa y o f i ll u s t r a t i on .

i t m a y b e o b s e r v e d t ha t a v e r y d i gn i fi e d a n d a u t ho r i t a t i v e s t yl e o f i n j u n e
t i o n a m o n g o u r s e lv e s i s s i m i l a r ly ex p r e s s e d e g i n the Q u e e n s s p e ec he s , . .
,
’

t o Pa r l i a m e n t A n d i n t he C om m a n d m e n t s we m u s t r e m e m b e r t ha t we
.

ha v e t h e K i n g o f k i n gs
“
a nd Lo r d o f l o r d s ”
fr o m w h o m c om e s ,

a ll t ha t i s e s s e n t i a ll y n o b l e a n d ge n t l e i n s t yl e a s i n e v e r y t h i n g e l s e , and

t ha t he i s a d d r e s s i n g t ho s e w hom h e i s pl e a s e d t o ch o os e for a k i n gd om “

o f p r i e s t s a n d a n h o ly n a t i on
”
.
,

Q u ee n E l i z No w e ll a n d Va u t r olli e r h a v e ha b e b i s
.
, ,
H a r w o o d ha s .

ha b e t o ”
,
”
fa c i t o e t c {d ov r a i 00
,
. LX X No w e ll Pe t le y a n d 1
,
.
, , ,

Du p o r t who h o w e v e r h a v e the i m p e r a t i v e s M my Omi a n d Ti p a i n t he

- ’

,
o
, ,

a ffi rm a t i v e c o mm a n d s .

a li e n o s or a l i en Deos a li e n o s ha b e r e i s No w e ll s s y n on y m
“
.
’

T h e R e v E Da n i e l e x pl a i n s o t he r god s
”
fo r Id o lo la t r i a ”
. . . b y s u ch a s “

t h e G e n t i l e n a t i on s h a d B u t i f a s h e s a y s t he Te n C o m m a n d m e n t s
.
, ,

a r e b i n d i n g o n Ch r i s t i a n s n o w o t he r go d s m u s t b e s u ch a s s ho ul d b e
,

h a d b y a n y a t a n y t i m e a n yw h er e i n cl u d i n g t he p a s t e i d o l o f t he R om i s h ,

C hu r c h .

c o r a m m e c o r a m i s i n h i s p r es e n c e a s i n 7 a n u a S o No w e ll ,
.

”
and
“
The c o mm on C a t e c hi s m e i n fo u r e La n gu a ge s 16 3 8 Pe tle y t o o , .
, ,

a n d No w e l l s S m a ll C a t e c h i s m a n d The c o m m o n C a t e c h i s m e “
’
e tc ,
.
,
,

b e for e m e
”
n E liz
“
h a v e sp asm s» y ou a n d o u r E n gl i s h B ib l e h a s Q u e e . .
,

h o w e v e r ha s p ra e t e r m e S o ha s H a r w oo d ; a n d the LX X a n d Du p o r t
“ ”
.
.
,

h a v e «Mi ép o i) The E n gl i s h V e r s i on i s n o n e o t he r G o d b u t m e
”
; .
.

Va u t o r l li e r w e h a v,
e s ee n h a s b o t h p r a e
,
t e r
”
a n d c o r a m ”“
N o w e ll
“
.

ex pl a i s
n C O R A
“
M M E
”
a s fo ll o w s : t h e w o r d s m e a n h e s a y s T h at
, ,
“

we a n c n o t o n c e s o m u c h a s t e n d t o r e v o l t i n g f r o m G o d b u t t ha t G o d i s ,

w i t n e s s o f i t ; f or t h e r e i s n o t h i n g s o c l o s e n o r s o s e c r e t t h a t i t c a n b e
h i d fr o m h i m Mor e o v e r h.e t h e r e b y d e cl a
,
r e t h t h a t h e r e q u i re th n o t

on ly p
t h e h o n o u r o f o e n o n fe s s c i o n b u t a l s o i n w a r d a n d s i n c ,
e r e g o d lm es
s
o f he a r t t t
for ha h e i s t he
,
u n d e r s t a n d e r a n d j u d g e o f s e c r e t t h o ug h s
t
( No r t o n s Tr a n s l a t i on )
’
.

u d me m
II N O N f a c i e s
.
No n f a c i a s t i b i s c u lp t l
i e n e q u e s i m i li t ,

a li c u i u s r e i i n c o e lo s u p e r n e u e l i n t e
r r a i n f e r n e n e qu e 1n a q u i s s u b t us
,
,

t e r r a m n o n p r oc i e
,
d s a n t e h a e c n e c c o l e s 1 1 1 a ( A les s )
,
.
 TH E CA TE CH IS AI .

o m n e m s i n .ili t u d i n e m qu ae es t in coe lo a c a r ed v (t hi n g) , n or a ny l i k en ess

No n fa c i e s t i b i s cu lp t i l e ,
ne qu e n lla m s i m i li t u d i n e m ull i n s re i qu ae es t

Su p r a i n c a e lo ( )
s i c , a ut i n fr a i n t e r ra , a u t in a q uis s ub te rr a : n o n a d o r a b i s

ea n e c col e s . E go e n im De u s t uns fo r i s ,t l t
z e o e s s u m , u i s i ta n s i n i q u i ta te s
p a t rum i n fi li o s , i n t e r t i a m q ua r t a m ge n e ra t i o n e m e or u m q u i o d e ru n t

m e, fa c i e n s m i s e r i c o r d i am i n m i l i a , hij s q u i d i li g u n t c u s tod i un t p ra e
c e p ta m ea ( Q ue en E l i z
”
C o m m u n i o n Se r v i c e)
. .

S IMU LACH R U M U LLIU S R E I, Q U AE A U T SU PR A IN C OE Lo , A U T I NF R A

IN TE R R A, AU T 1N M SIT, NON E F F ING E S ; E A
A OU IS I NF R A TE R R A

NO N VE NE R AB E R IS N E Q U E CO LE S NA M E GO S U M DO MI NU S DE U S .

T U U S, Z E LOTYPU S, Q U I P A R E NT U M IN IQ U ITAT E M ET I A M 1N LI B E R IS

VI NDI CO AD T E RTIA M U SQ U E Q U A RTA MQ U E PR OG E NIE M O SO R U M

,

ME I C LE ME NTIA Q U E U T O R A D MILLE SIMAM U S Q U E PR OGE N IE M ,

E R G A ME I A MANTE S, ME A Q U E P R A E C E PT A C O NS E R V A NT E S ( No w e ll )
”
.

Va u t r olli e r i n t h e Ca t e ch i s m ha s, Non fa c i e s t i bi s i m u la c hr u m
c oe lo s i t , a u t t e r ra m . No n v e n e ra b e ri s ea n e qu e t u n s z e lo t y p us ,
”
m e i , c le m e n t i aq p r og e n i e m e r g a p r a e c e p t a o b s e ru a n t e s .

T he t
p or ion s om i e d tt h e re a r e v e rb a i m t h e t s a m e a s No we ll s
’
In t he .

C o m m u n i on S e rv i c e h i s v e r s i on is t he s am e as Q ueen E l iz .
,
ex ce p t
th t a fo r “
c a e lo
”
h e ha s c o e lo ,
”
and fo r De u s tu ns t
fo r i s , l
ze o es t ”
he
rea d s
“
Do m i n u s De u s tu us , De u s l
z e o es t ;
”
he l
a so ha s “
m i lli a , ”
and

i n s er ts “
me ”
t
a f er d i li gu n t .
”

Thi s l o n ge r form of t he C o m m a n d m e n s t wa s i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e Ca t e
ch i s m i n the S e co n d Pra y e r B o o k o ard V I 1 55 2 f Edw
H i s F i r s t Pr a y e r .
, .

B o o k o f 1 549 ha s t h e s h o r t fo rm a s ha s Ale s s i n h i s v e r s i o n The ,

.

l o n ge r fo r m o f o u r E n gl i s h b o o k s i s t h a t w h ic h i s g i v e n i n C ra n m e r s ’

B ib le
fa c i e s T he R e v E Da n i e l s a y s I t wa s n o t t he m a k i n g o f i m a ge s
. .
,

t ha t wa s fo rb i d d e n b u t the b o w i n g d o w n t o t he m a n d w or s hi pp i n g t he m
,
”
.

T he L t a i n h o w e v e r i s pl a i n a n d p e r e m p t ory N O N fa ci e s
, ,
”
.

s c u lp t i l e ca rv ed s i m i li t u d o r e ve r e n ce :
“
li k e n e s s e : c 010 in , ,

y a n u a erawx v LX X No w e ll Pe t ley a n d Du p o r t
. o
, , , .

n e q u e o m n e m n e q u e n lla m
”
or n e qu e qu a m q u am w ou l d h a v e “

b e e n b e tt e r La t i n b u t c f C i c e ro s i n e o m n i s a p i e n t i a ( d e O r 2
. e tc
”
. . .

T he s a m e fo r m o f e x p r e s s i on i s u s e d a ga i n i n t h e fo u r t h a n d t e n t h
C o m m a n d me n t s .

Pr ob a b ly su ch ph ra s e s in p a s s a ge s l i k e t he p re s e n t a re d irec t ly t o b e
t race d t o t he H e b r e w The r a ti on a le o f t he s e H e b r e w fo r m s i s v e r y
.

c l e a r ly g i v e n i n Lee s H e b r e w G r a m m a r H e p o i n t s o u t t ha t t o t h e
’
.

O ri e n t a l s ge n e r a lly ( wh o p e r h a p s d e r i v e t h e i r h a b i t s o f t h i n k i n g a n d
e x p r e s s i n g t h e m s e l v e s fr o m H e b r e w s our c e s ) s uch ph r a s es a s t ho u “
,
 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

d i li gu n t m e c u s to di u n t p ra e ce p t a m e , & s ho wi n g m e rc y i ll ho u s a n d s t t to

m ea .
th es e who lo ve me g u a rd my co m

m a n d m e n ts .

i n fi li os . Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e c o mm a h e r e
a .

i n fi li o s whi c h c o r r e s p on d s
”
i n te r t i a m . T hi s in ”
is n ot l i ke ,
to

hi s ,
”
b u t l i ke
“
i n m i lli a ,
”
to w hi ch i t i s p a r a ll e l .

mi 5 e r i cord i a m or te n d e rh e a r e d n e s s t .
”

i n mi llin i . e .
,
of ge n e r a ti on s .
Q ue en E l iz . a g re e s w ith D u rel .
“
C LE

ME NTIA Q U E U TO R A D MILLE SIMA M U SQ U E PR OG E NIE M, E R G A ME I ,

A MANT E S e t c , No w e ll H a r w oo d h a s a d m i lle s i m a m u s qu e s t i r p e m
” “
. .
,

e rga m ei a ma n es t .
”

No w e ll, Pe tle y , Dup or t h a v e

’
LX X .
,
and u g xn i d aa g .

M W he r e
. a fo r e we s p e a k of r e v en gi n g ,
he n ame th b ut th re e o r fo u r
t
ge n e r a i o n s a t t h e m o s t
why d o h b e he r e , i n s p e a k i n g o f m e r cy , c o n a i n t ‘

t
t
a ho u s a n d ? 5 To s h e h a h e i s m u c h m o r e i n cl i n e d t o m e r c ifu l n e s s
. wt t
and to I ib e r a l i t y , th an he i s t o se verit y l i ke as a so l in ano th er p l a c e he
p ro fe s s e t h th t a he i s ve ry s o l w to w th ra ,
an d m os t r ea d y to fo rgi v e ”
( No w e ll , N t Tr a n s l a i o n t of t ch i s m )
’
or on s La r ge C a e .

hi s
“
th e es ,
”
n ot th os e
”
as E n gl i s h Ve r s i o n . T he V u l ga t e ,
ho we v e r,

ha s 115 .

praece p ta d e ce m p ra e c e p ta , t h e Te n C o mm a n d m e n s , ya m /a
” “
t ”
.

SO , i n t he R u b r i c b e fo r e t h e C o mm a n d m e n s i n C o mm u n i o n Se r v i c e , t
Q u een E l i z has
“
De c e m p r a e ce p ta , a n d fu r he r o n ,
.
” “
p o s s i n gu l a t t
man da t a .
”

III . NON a s s u m e s No n a s s u m es n o m en Dom i n i De i tu i i n

u a n u m : n on e n i m ha b e b i t i n s o n t e m Do m i n u s q u i a s s u m p s er it n o m e n
e u m,

Do m i n i De i s u i fr u s t r a Q u ee n E l i z .
”
.
( C o mm u n i o n S e r v i c e) Ale s s ha d .

s i m ply No n a c c i p i e s n o m e n De i t u i uan e .
”

NO ME N DO MI N I DE I TU I INA N IT E R NO N U SU R PAB IS NE Q U E
E N I M S I NET I MPU N I I U M J E H O V A Q U I E J U S NO ME N INA N ITE R A D
' ‘

( No w e ll )
”
H I B U E R IT .

Va u t r o lli e r , i n C a t e c hi s m , ha s the s a m e a s No w e ll b u t a c o m m a a ft e r ,

De u s i m p u n i t u m fo r i m p u n i t u m J e ho v a
”
us urp ab i s an d
”
, In t h e .

C o mm u n i o n S e r v i c e he h a s t he s ame as Q ue e n E liz .
, ex e c p t tha t fo r
Do m i n i De i sui
”
h e ha s s im ply e i u s
i n Va n i t a s
v a n u m . a l ia r 7 a n u a SO i n , em p t i n e s s ; va n n s , , .
“

v a n um
p e r ha p s u n to a Li vy 3 3 3 1 fr u s t r a to li e ”
Cf
. e x v an o
”
.
, , .
,
“

n o p u rp os e
”
ya n u a , .

N o w e ll gi v e s i n a n i t e r ” b o t h h e r e a n d for t he fr u s t r a ” a t t h e e n d
“ “
.

W hy t he Vul ga t e w h i ch Du re l h e r e foll ow s s h o ul d h a v e i n v a n u m i n
, ,
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 1 15

III NO N
. as s u m es n o m en Do m i n i T HOU s ha lt n ot t a ke ( t he)
De i tui in v an u m , n e c en i m ha b c hi t f t hy Lo rd G od i n v a i n fo r ,

t he fi r s t pl a c e an d fru s t ra i n th e con d we c a n n o t t e ll u n l e s s to s h o w
se
,

t ha t t he y a re e q u i p o ll e n t A . c o m p a r i s o n o f p a s s a ge s i n w hi ch t he
H eb r e w w or d o cc u rs (m os t ly i n J ere m iah ) s ee ms t o S ho w th t a it wa s
an ad v erb ia l fo r m , and th t a i n a n ite r ”
i s h a r d ly so g oo d an e qu i v a l en t
as fr u s t ra or in va n um .
”

LX X No w e ll , Pe t le y , an d Du p o r t ha ve érr i p a r a i ip i n b o th pl a c e s
’

,
.
.

H ar w ood , i n a n i te r n e a d hib e t o .
”

n e c e n im t he V u l ga t e ha s n on e n im .

n o m e n : Rev . E . Da n i e l i n clu d e s un d e r t hi s C o mm a n d m e n t e ver y

t hi ng G o d ha s s et H is n ame u pon , i n cl u d i n g H i s Sa c r a m e n t s an d Mi n i s t e r s .

Thi s , ho we ve
c on t r a d i c t s t h e t e a c hi n g o f the C hu r ch i n a s m u c h a s t he
r, ,

Ch u r c h pl a c e s d u t y t o Mi n i s t e r s i n t h e S e c o n d Ta b l e a n d n o t i n t he F i rs t ,

Mi n i s t e r s co m i n g u n d e r p a t r e m i n t he fi ft h Co m m a n d m e n t
” ”
.

I V ME M E N T O
. Me m e n t o E d s 1 6 8 5 1 7 03 B a gs t e r ,
”
.
,
.

a l s o ha s Me m e n t o
“
H e a l s o h a s c o m m a s a ft e r
. Op e r a b e r i s tu
“
,
” “
,
”

fi li u s t u n s s e r vu s t u n s c o e lu m Sa b b a t i p u tt i n g
” ”
,
”
m a re a n d ,
“ “
,

al s o a full s t o p fo r a c o m m a a ft e r w i t h t he ” “ ”
s an c ti fi ce s an d es t ,

a cc o m p a n y i n g c ha n g e o f s ex to Se x a n d n on
”“
to No n he
” “
,
” “

a l s o rea d s s e pt im o Id c i r c o fo r s e p t i m o
. i d c i rc o .

A le s s h a s Me m e n t o ut d i e m Sa b b a i t s a n c ti fi c e s .
”
Se e n o e on t 11 .

N O N fa c i e s , ”
s ub fi ne .

Me m e n t o ut d i e m Sa b b a i t s a n c ti flc es . S e x d i eb u s op e r a b e ri s ,

fa c i e s omn ia ,
p e ra t ua
o d i e S se ptim o
a b b a t u m Dri i De i t u i e s t au em t .

n u ll u m i n e o , t u fa c i e s O p u s
fi l i u s t u u s h li a t ua , s e r n u s un s a n c i ll a t
t u a , i u m en t u m uu m, t
a d u en a q u i e s t i n ra p or a s ua s Se x e n i m t t t .

t
d i e b u s fe c i Do m i n u s c o e l u m 8: t e r r a m m a re , o m n ia qu a e i n e i s s u n , t
re u i e v i t d ie s e p im o
q I d c i t
r c o b e n e d i x i t Do m i n u s d i e i Sa bb a i ,
. t
s an c ti fi ca u i t e u m E l i C mm u n i on Se r v i ce)
(Q u e e n z ,
o .
.

“
I I
D E M SAB B AT SA NCT E AG E R E ME ME NTO S E X DIE B U S O PE R A .

I I
B E R S, E T F A C E S O MN A O P E R A T U A ; S E PT I
I MO V E R O D1E Q U OD E ST ,

DO MI N I D E I T U I SA B B AT U M NU L LU M O PU S F AC I E S ; N Ec T U N E C , ,

I I I I
F L U S T U U S NE C F L A l U A N E c S,
E R V U S T U U S N E c A N C I LLA T U'A ‘

, , ,

M R E G R I NU S
N Q U E J U ME NTU M T U U
E N E Q U E A PU D T E D E G E N S P E
,
.

NA M SE X M E
DI E B U S P E R F E C IT T T E R R A M E T M AR E E T DE U S CO E LU , ,

I I I I S I M U E V I T IT A Q U E D I EM
Q U C Q U D IN L L S C ONT IN E T U R E PT O Q I .

o w e ll s La r ge
.

I N
” ’

S A B B AT SAC R U M, S I B IQ U E D IC AT U M E S S E VO LU IT .

te
C a c hi s m i n t he i b i q e
u d i c s m a ll
t a t u m e s s e v o lu t
on e ,
i ( E d “
s
”
.

M
”
b u t i n E d 1 5 84, d i c a t u m
“
.
”
S o i n i d d l e C a e c hi s m ,
“
.
d 1c a tu m
t .

c
In t h e C a e hi s m , Va u t r o llite r a g r e e s i h N o w e ll i n t h e ma i n wt : t he

9
1 16 TH E CA TE CH IS J T .

i n so n t e m Do m i n us cu m q u i a s s u m p ( t he ) Lo rd wi l n ot ho l d g u i l tl es s hi m

se r i t n o me n Do m i n i De i s u i fru st ra . th t a s ha ll ha v e tken ( t he)

a n a me o f

hi s Lo rd G o d to no u r p o se
p .

I V ME ME NT O
. ut d i e m Sa bb a i t IV . R E ME MB E R to ha ll o w (th ) e

p or t io ns d en o t ed b y t he d o t s a re t he s a m e t
i n b o h , Va u t r o lli e r , h o w
e ver ,
ha vi n g “
th fo r “
t ”
in Sa b b a i t an d S a b b a tu m Di e m
t ra n s i g e r e memen t o, s ex t ua . Se p i m o t fa c i e s , n ec

i um e n t um c o n ti n e t u r, s e ptimo sa cru m s ib i q ; v o lu i t .
”

In t he C o mm u n i o n S e r v i c e , Va u t ro lli e r a gr e e s w i th Q u e en E liz .

i t s hou l d b e S a b b a t or u m , b u t i n 7 a n u a we h a v e Sa b ”
Sabb a ti
t”
b a ho , a n d . w
Q u e e n E l i z , No e ll , a n d Va u t r olli e r a ll h a v e t h e s i n gu l a r .

LX X .
,
No w e ll ( G r e e k o f S m a l l C a e c h i s m ) , Pe t le y , a n d Dup o r h a v e t h e t t
pl u ra l rr vi i mép a v
‘

r ui v a a fi fi é r wv .

o m n e s e e n o e on t ne qu e om n e m .
”
No w e l l a nd Dup o r t h a v e mi n
,

w
fo ll o i n g t he LX X .

s e r v us on e o f t he r ea s on s w h i ch No w e ll gi ve f t h i s or s La w i s “
to,
p r o v i d e for t he s t a t e o f s e r v a n s a a o r t th t i t b e m d e t l e ab le
,
.
”

a n c i l l a d a i ry ma i d - ”

jumen tum l a b o u r i n g b e a s t s o r w ork i n g ca tt e ll ( ya n u a )

“
a b ea s t
”

o f b u r t he n Dr S m i t h s La t i n Di c t i on a r y w he r e i t i s a d d e d t ha t i t i s
” ’
.
, ,

n o t a n o x t o w hi ch i t i s fr e q O p p T he d e r i v a t i o n i s p r o b a b ly fr o m
”
, . .

j u n go (j ugu m e n t u m ) : i t ha s h o w e v er b e e n s u gge s t e d t h a t j u m e n t u m i s , ,

r el a ted to j u v o ( he l p ) i n t he s a m e wa y t ha t m o m e n t u m ( m o v i m e n t u m )
“

i s t o m ov e o Th i s m a y b e h i n t e d a t i n ya m /a J u m en t a s un t a n i
“ ” “
.
,

mal ia n o s j uv a n t i a
”
, .

Pe tle y a n d Du p o r t ha v e a s i n gul a r v e r s i on he r e 6 B0 7 9 se l 13 02 3
7 63 1 a 7 1 1 ;

o ov
,
mi n x fi og In t h i s t h e y fo ll o w t h e LX X v e rs i o n w h i c h h o w e v e r
r v . .
, , ,

h a s a m: a ft e r B 3 9 a n d xr fi v og a s a l s o ha s Now e ll
O1
, .

a d v e n a i m m i gra n t ”
wp o o fit v r o g Dup o r t as a l s o No w e ll a n d
“ ’
or , . r
, ,

Pe t le y .

s u n t h er e Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e a s em i col on .

r e q u i e v i t e t c . Req u iev it d ie se p t im o eumq u e b en e d i xi t

( La c t a n t i u s ) . B e n e d i c e re w i t h t h ce i s ”
e a .
“
to ha o ll w w i t h th e d t i v
,
”
a e,

d t h i i b e tt La t i n
“
as h er e , to b les s an s s er .

U p on t hi s res t G d N wel l em k
W hy h a t h G o d s e t h e r e i n
of o ,
o r ar s,
“

b e fo r e u s a n ex a m pl e o f hi m s e l f fo r u s t o fo ll o w ? ” “ B e c a u s e n o t a b l e
a n d n ob l e e x a m pl e s d o m o r e t ho r o u hly s t i r u p a n d s ha r pe n m e n s
’
g
m i n d s e t c ( No rt o n s Tr a n s l a t i o n , La r ge C a t e chi s m )
”
,
.
’
.

s e r i a t u s e s t d i e s e p t i m o
“
Q u a d e ca u s a d ie m s e p ti m u m
a c r u m u e fe c i t
fa u s t u m ( Ha r w o o d )
”
s
q .
1 18 TH E CA TE CH /S M .

V H O NO R A
.
p a t re m t uu m V . H O NO U R t hy t
fa he r t hy

ma t te m t u am , u t s is lo n ga e v u s su pe r t
m o he r, ha t t th ou be l o n g l i v ed - ve
a bo

t e r ra m , q u a m Do m i n us Deu s t u us ( t he ) ea r t h w hi , c h t hy Lo rd G od w il l
d a hi t tib i .
gi v e hee t .

VI . NO N oc c id es . VI . T H OU s ha lt not k i ll .

VII . NON m oec ha be ri s . VII . T HOU s ha lt n ot c o m mi t

a d u l t e ry .

s uper : or , u p on ,
”
b ut n ot t he s a m e a s in t e rm .
”
Ha r wood ha s
in t
q u a m t i b i Dom i n u s De u s t u n s d o n a t
e rr a, .
”

7 7g [ No w e ll Pe tle y a n d Du p o r t
'

en i r fi g i rr i r 779 7 779 r fig d y Gfig

1 a
, , , ,

w hi ch i s t he exp r e s s i o n u s e d i n E p hes v i 3 a n d t ho u m a y es t l i v e l o n g . .
,

o n t he ea r t h
”
.

d abi t d o n a t H a r w o o d fo ll o w i n g Pa r s e l l
”
,
.

VI N O N o c c i d e s
. N o n oc c i d e s ( Q u ee n S o t oo
.
”
, ,

No we ll a n d a l s o Vau tr o lli e r
, .

o c ci d e s m u r t h e r (y a n u a ) H a r w oo d ha s Ne h o m i n e m oc c i d i t o
“ ” ”
“
. .

VI I N O N m o e c h a b e r i 5
. N o n c o mm i tt e s a d u lt e r i u m ( Q u e e n .
“ ”

w he r ea s Ale s s h a d Non m oe c ha b e r i s ”
.

“
NO N A DU LT E R AB E R IS ( No w e ll) Va u t r olli e r a s u s u a l a gr ee s w i t h”
.
, ,

Q u ee n E l i z i n t he C omm u n i on S e r v i ce a n d w i t h No w ell i n t he
.
,

C a t e c hi s m .

V I I I N O N f u r t u m : No n fur t u m fa c i e s ( Q u e e n
. Ale s s
“ ”
,

ho w e v e r ha d No n fu r e ri s
,
“
.

NO N P U RA B E R IS ( No w e ll ) .

Va u t ro lli e r fo llo w s Q u e e n E l i z i n Co m m u n i o n Se r v i ce a n d No w e ll i n .
,

C a t e ch i s m .

“
Ne fur a to r ( H ar w ood ) ”
.

f u r t u In S ee n o t e o n fu r t o b e l o w ”
.

IX N O N l o q u é r i 5
. No n loq u é ri s e t c a s Du r el Q u ee n E l i z .
,
”
.
,

w he r e a s Ale s s ha d No n d i ce s fa l s u m t e s t i m o n i u m .
”

NO N I V
E R S A D E R S U S P R O X IMU M TU U M T EST S I ME NDAx ”
( No w ell) .

In t he Co m m u n i o n S e r v i ce , Va u t r o lli e r fo llo w s Q uee n E l i z ; i n t he

.

Ca t e chi s m he h as “
No n d i c e s fa l s um t t im o
es n iu m c on t ra
p r o x i m um
t uum .

lo q u er i s . Eds . 1 68 5 , 1 6 87 , lo q u e r i s . E ds . 1 696 , 1 7 03 h a v e t he
a cce n t .

p r o x im u m : n e i g hb o u r , b u t qu i t e l i ke
n ot v i c in u m
( n i gh
” “

d w e ll e r ,
”
ya n u a ) . T he t e rm e m b r a c es s a y s N o w e l l,
, e o s e t i a m,
q ui
“

n o b i s s un ti n cogn i t i , a d eo q u e i n i m i c os e ti a m n o s t r os .
”
 TH E CA TE CH IS M 1 19

VI I I NO N fu rt u m. fa c i es .
VI I I . T H OU s ha lt not c o mm i t
t h ft
e .

IX . NO N lo q u é ri s co n r a t p ro x i IX . T H O U s ha l t t no s p ea k a ga i n s t
mum t uu m fa l s u m t ti m
es on i u m . t hy n ei
ghbo u r fa l s e wit n es s .

X . NO N co n c u p i s c e s d o m u m p rox i X . T H OU s ha lt t no l on g fo r t hy
mi t u i , n ec d es id e ra b i s u x o re m
j
e us, n ei
ghb o u r
‘
s ho u s e , n or s ha lt th ou

n o n s e rv u m , n o n a n c i lla m , n on b o ve m , y ea r n fo r hi s wif e, n o t s er van t ,

n ot

non as i n u m, n ec om n i a q u a e i ll i n s m a id s e r v a n t , n ot o x, n ot a s s , n or a ll

sun t .
( t hi n gs ) w hi c h a re hi s .

X . NON c o n c u p is ces No n c on cu p is ce s d o m u m p r ox i m i t u i ,
n ec d es i d e ra b i s v x o r e m e i u s , n on s er n u m , n o n a n c i lla m , n on b o u e m , n o n

a s i n u m , n ihi l
d e n iq ;
’
qu o d s it a l t e ri u s ”
( Q ue e n
Thi s i s t he s a m e l a s t cl a u s e
as Du r e l s ’
w i th the e x e c p ti on of t he .

Ale s s s v e r s i on wa s c on s i d e r a b ly d i ffe r e n t : No n c o n c u p i s c e s u x o r e m
’ “

p r ox i m i t u i n on s e ru u m n e qu e a n c i lla m n e q u e b o u e m n e q u e a s i n u m
, , , , ,

n e qu e q u i c u a m q u o d e s t i s i u s
”
q p .

NO N CO NCU PISC E S C U J U SQ U AM DO MU N NO N U X O R E M NO N SE R , ,

VU M, NON A NC ILLA M, N ON B OVE M, NO N A SINU M, NE C Q U ICQ U A M

O MN INO A L U D, I Q U O D A LTE R U S S IT ( No I ”
w e ll ) .

In the C o m m u n i o n S e r v i c e , Va u t r olli e r a g re e s w i th Q u een E l iz .

,

e xc e pt th t a
“
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“
d e s id e r a b i s,
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ha s “
n ec q u icq ua m c oru m q u a e i ll i n s s un t .
”
In t he Ca t e c hi s m h e ha s
No n d o m u m p r o x i m i t u i , n on v x o r e m , n o n s e rn u m , n o n
c o n c up i s c e s

a n c i lla m , n o n b o u e m i m n e c u i c u a m o m n i n o a l i u d qu o d
,
n on a s n u , q q
t
a l e r iu s s i t
”
T h i s p a r ly foll o s Q u ee n E l i z , p a r ly No e ll
. t w . t w .

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013 635 1 6 v d yp r m a br ofi Du p or t l ha s fo r ar s th ugh o u t

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. a so o ro .

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ha s i m Ovy r mei g
’

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05 7 5 7 ra 7 6a 5 ra n .

t u i . B a g s t e r ha s c o l o n s a ft e r tu i a n d ej u s
s em i .

d e s id e r a b i s .
I t i s d i ffi c u l t t o s e e why t he V u l ga t e ha s c on

pl a ce a n d d e s i d e r a b i s i n a n o t he r I t th
.

“ ”
” IS nei er
c u p is ces in on e ,
.

sanc ti oned b y t he H e b r e w n o r b y t he S e p t u a g i n t .

“
d e s id e r a r e,
”
in 7 a mz a , is
“
to m is s and d es i re
” “
ha s m i s s , find s
l a ck .
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 TH E CA TE CH IS III .

Q u id
p o t i ss i m iu n ex hi s ma n d a t i s W ha t d o y o u e s p ec i a lly l ea rn out

d i sc i s of th es e comma n d s ?

v e r b (p r o b a b ly c on cu p i s ce s be i n g
”
n o n s e r v u m : n ot
“
n ec , t he
u n d e r s oo d t . So E d s . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 696 , I 7 O 3 .

n o n b o v e m ,
n o n a s i n u m .H e r e , a ga i n , N o e ll h a s o z m r o b w '

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n o e s on
“
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and
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X NO N, e t c , a b o v e
.
”
. .

n e c o m n ia ,
e tc i n Com m a n d m en I I
. Se e n o e on t ne qu e om n e m ,
t .

T he r e i s co n s i d e r a b l e d i v e r ge n c y i n t he r e a d i n g s o f h i s cl a u s e Du r e l t .

( E d s 1 6 7 0, 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ) a n d t h e V u l ga e ha v e n e c o m n i a
. t
q u a e i ll i n s s u n
” “
t
Ale s s h a s n e q u e q u i c q u a m q u o d e s t i p s i u s
.
”
Q u ee n .

E l i z ha s .
“
n i h i l d e n i q ; qu o d s i t a l e ri u s
”
No e ll ha s n e c q u i c q u a m
“
'
t . w
o m n in o a l i ud qu od a l e r i us s it
, ,
”
a n d h e i s fo ll o t
e d b y Va u t r olli e r Har w .

w o o d fo ll o w
s Q u e e n E l i z , as a l s o d i d P a r s e ll ( I 7 1 3 , 1 7 1 6 ) a n d G B o
. ye r . w
No we ll s S m a ll Ca t e ch i s m ha s
’
t he l o n ge r for m of Re s p on s e a f er t t hi s

t
Te n h Co m m a n d m e n t
.

o ilr e 3 0 a 7
r 01 «k no i o v a ou Ea r l ( No w e ll , Pe t le y) ; a n d i h wt Du p o r t .

The LX X v e r s i o n ha s . n ot o th w er i s e i t i s t he s a m e .

Q u i d p o t i 5 S i m um p oti s s i mu m e x hi s p r a e c e p t i s d i s c i s
“
.
Q u id

( Q u ee n E l i z ) .

Q uid ex i s ti s m a n d a ti s tib i p ra ec ip u e d is c e n d u m a rb i t r a r i s P ”
(V
t ro lli e r ) .

Q uid m a n d a ti s ( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t
” ’
ex
p r a ecip u e d i s ci s ? e

c hi s m ) .

Du 0 ; e tc . Du o : Pr i m u m , qu i d De o : Al t e ru m qu i d p ro x i m o de
be a m ( Q ueen
“
E q u id e m d uo exi ll i s d i s c o O ffi c i u m . sci l i c e t p ri m u m ,
i n De u m ,
d e in d e e ti am in p r ox i m u m ( Va u t r o lli e r ) .

“
Du o : Pi e t a t e m prim u m e r ga De u m , d e i n d e m e u m e rga ho m i n e s
O ffi c i u m
( No w e ll s t Du o ?
”
a d d is co S ma l l chis m ) “
In Ed 1 5 84
’
Ca e . .

P zeta tem ,”
'

e tc .

Du p o r t , Ai m p a vOri i /w Km ) .

n e mpe “
to wi t ( ya tm a ) .

meum e ti a m 0 iii cium E n gs t e r has s i m u lq u e O fii c i u m

meum .
”
Har w oo d ha s e rga a l t e r u m fo r Du r e l s
’ “
e rg a p ro x i m u m .
”

Q m d Q u i d De o d e b e s ? ”
Q u od es t i n
“
u o n a : (Q ueen
d e u m o ffi c i u m t uum ? ”
( Va u t r o lli e r ) .
'

P z e la s a d v er s u s Deu m q u ae
t? ( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e c hi s m ) Ti ( Du p or t)
’
a . Oot
'
é éo v Sa r i «p eg tr un k .

b u t i n t he an s we r,
'

p v Z p y ov Ea r l Km )»
 TH E CA TE CH /5 11 . .

Ru pom i o .
Aux-war
O ffi c i u m m e u m er
g a Deu m est , u t My d u ty _
t o wa rd sI G od i s , ha t t
i n i p su m i ps u m t i m ea m b e l i ev e o n hi m se l f fea r l o v e hi m se lf
'

c r ed a m , ,

d i li ga m t t c o rd e , ex t t me n t o u t o f a who le hea rt o u t o f a w ho l e
'

ex o o o a e. ,

ex t t
o a a n i ma , ex t tio s v i ri b u s ; ut m i n d o u t o f a w ho l e s p i ri t,
,
out

i psum c o am ,l ipsi t i am, in o f w ho l e s t ren t h ; t ha t I re v e re n c e

g ra as a
g g
i p so so o l con fi d a m ; i ps um i n v oce m ; hi m s e l f g i v e t ha n k s t o hi m se l f t ru s t
, ,

i ps iu s t
sa nc u m n o me n e u s q u e j v e rb u m i n hi m s e l f a l o n e ; i n v o k e hi ms e l f ;
hon o rem ; i ps i v e re se r via m omn i ho n o u r hi s o wn ho ly n a m e a n d hi s

b us d i eb u s v i t ae m ca e . w o rd ; t r u ly se rv e hi m s e l f o n a ll
'

d a y s o f m y l i fe .

Q u od n a m e st o ffi c i u m t u um er
g a W ha t du ty p ra y is y ou rs t w o a rd s

a n ei
ro x i m u m ? ghb o u r
?
p

T he r e i s h o w e v e r a r e a l d i ff e re n c e i n a ll t he t e r m s
.
,
C or i s t h e .
”

h ea r t a s t he s e a t o f p a s s i o n s o r a ffe c t i o n s
,
Me n s i s t he p u r e i n t e ll e c t .
,

t he w h o lly i n t e ll e c t u a l p a r t o f t h e s o u l i t i s c on n e c t e d w i t h m e m i n i
“ ”
,

a n d i s l i t e ra lly t he fa cul t y o f m e m o r y r e c o l l e c t i o n o r a s s o c i a t i o n o f i d e a s , ,
.

An i m a i s l i t e ra lly air (c f G r e e k a v p g win d ”

s o i t i s t he
' '

. e o
, ,

b r e a t h o f l i fe : s e e G e n 11 7 w h e r e i t i s s a i d G o d . . b r e a t he d i n t o h i s
,
“

n o s t ri l s t he b r e a t h o f l i fe ; a n d m a n b e ca m e a l i v i n g s o u l
”
; i n s p i ra v i t
i n fa c i e m e i u s s p i ra c u l u m v i ta e fa c t u s e s t h o m o i n a n i m a m v i v e n t e m
,

( Vul ga t e ) I t s ho u l d b e c a r e fu lly d i s t i n gu i s he d fro m m e n s a n d a l s o

“ ”
.
,

fr o m t he m as c u l i n e fo rm a n i mu s a nima i s t h e p r i n c i pl e o f a n i m a l
l ife t h e p r i n c i pl e o f s p i ri t u a l l i fe t he r a t i on a l s p i r i t ;
”
a n im u s an i
“ “
, , ,

m u s i s a l s o oft e n u se d a s a l m o s t e qu i v a l e n t t o c o r an d s o we fi n d i t i n “
,
”

t he fo u r t h a n s w e r o f Du r e l s C a t e ch i s m e x a n im o c o rr e s p o n d i n g t o t h e
’ ”
,

b m p d ia g o f W hi t a k e r Pe t le y a n d Du p o r t a n d h e a r t i ly i n t he E n g l i s h ”
:
, , ,

V e r s i o n In the e x pl a n a t i o n o f t he Lo r d s Pr a y e r Du r e l ha s a b ho s t e
.
’
,

a n i m oru m
”
i n t he fi r s t e d i t i o n ; t he l a t e r e d i t i o n s h o w e v e r h a v e ,
“
a n imam m .
”

The G r e e k T e s t amen t (M k
fi c xa p dra g 00v, It a l £5
ar xii .
3 0) h as 25 0X1) ; r
'

ln a ? ” a ou, Ka i EE 3 X09 r fig Era v oi a g a ou ,

° ' '
4) t r fig u £5 23a r fi g t o xt l o g a o v '
.

Pe t le y an d Du po r h a v e t h e w o r d s m p ow , M u m ,t r} a n d i a t g
, x , hi c h M '
v
w
c o r r e s p on d cl os e ly t o Du r e l s c o r,
’ ”
me n s , ”
a n im a ,
”
an d v i res .

w
No e ll a n d W h i a k e r h a v e the s a m e t o r d s , b u t i n a d i fle r e n t o r d e r , w '

\pv xw ; c om i n g s e c on d , a n d d w
‘
i v o ra hi r d , a s i n t he G r e e k T e s a m e n t t t .

H a rwoo d ha s t t
o o c o r d e, o a m e n e , o o a n i m o, s u m m a u e o e
q p t t t t t .

c o n fi d a m . Eds . 1 6 85, i 6 87 , 16 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e a c om ma t
a f er t hi s
w or d .
 TH E CA TE CH /5 11 . . 12 3

Rerp am i o . Am rwer .

O ffi c i u m m e u m er
g a p r o x i m u m es t , My du ty t w o a rd s a n ei
g hb ou r i s ,

s i c u t m e i s u m, th t I l v j us t
i

cu m d i li ga m hi m m y se l f,
’

ut a e as
p o

id o m n i busho m i n i b us fa c i a m , q u od d th t f
o a or a ll men ,
w hi ch I w ou ld
a b i i s v e lle m m i hi fi e r i E t u t Pa t r e m . wi h t b d s o e on e t
b y hem fo r m e . A nd
m eu m Ma t re m m e a m d i li ga m
.
th t I l v
a o e h o n o u r m y F a he r t
ho n o re m, i i s q ue s u c c u rra m U t te . m y M th o e r, a nd he l p th em . T ha t
ge m ho n o re m , i p Si q u e a q u e i i s o m t I ho n ou r t he king , an d s u b mi t t o

n i b us
q ui sub i ps o a li
qua p o ll en t hi m s e l f a n d a ll th o se who hav e p w o er

i n v 0c e m . 7 72 6 P r ea cher ou t o
f ti re p u lp i t p on [i n v oc a t]ti l e
ca lle r/
zu

f t/ze B i ble, e t c ( 7 a 7zz m)

”
G/
zos t fie ex p ou n d et/
z t/
ze or égi n a ll tex t o . .

n o m e n e j
q u s u e verb um . So E d s . 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , x7 0 3 .

B a g s t e r ha s com m a s a f er t “
n om e n an d He t
re a i n s the

s ma ll in i ialst .

I t i s o f s o m e i m p o r t a n c e h er e w he t he r n o m e n a n d v e r b u m s h o u l d “

h a v e s m a l l o r c a p i t a l i n i t i a l s ; Ale s s Q u e e n E l i z W h i t a k e r Va u t r o l ,
.
, ,

l i e r No w e ll a n d Du r e l a ll ha v e a s m a ll in i t i a l Du p o r t ha s O op a
'

. v
, ,

a n d Aé y o v .
b u t h i s p r e d e c e s s o r s W hi t a k e r No w e ll a n d Pe t le y h a v e
, , , , ,

s m a ll i n i t i a l s i n t h e i r G re e k v e r s i o n s Me s s r s B r i gh t a n d Me d d ho w . .
,

e v e r ha v e ,
No m e n c t V e r b u m .
”

o m n i b u s d ieb us T h e Pu r i t a n s c o m pl a i n e d i n 1 66 1 t h a t t he r e
. .

wa s n o r e fe re n c e m a d e i n t h i s a n s w e r t o t he F o u r t h C o m m a n d m e n t .

T hi s t h e b i s h o p s d e n i e d s a y i n g t ha t th e l a s t w o r d s o f t h e a n s w e r
“
do
,

o r d e r ly r e l a t e t o t h e l a s t c o m m a n d m e n t o f t he fi r s t t a b l e w hi c h i s t he ,

fo u r h t .
”

Q u es t zo
'

s , a m i s p ri n t fo r rz s lzo
'

. Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e
”
Q u a es t i o .

Q n0d n am etc Q u i d u e ro d eb e s p rox i m o ( Q ueen E l iz .

)
Q u od t uu m e s t i n p r ox i m u m O ffi c i u m ( Va u t r o lli e r ) .
Q u a d c5 ! t u m /z

( No w e ll s Sm a ll Ca t c hi s m )
’
erg a p r ox z zzzu m ofi a u m
' ’

e .

O ffi u m m
c i
e u m ,
e t c V a m e m c u m p e r i n d“
e a c t m e i p s um :

u t fa c i a m o m n ib u s h o m i n i b u , s p r o u n e l i m m i h i fi e r i a b i ll t
i s
u
t h on o re

a ffi c i a m Pa t r e m M a t r e m e i s s u c c u rr a m s u b u e n i a m ,
u t o b e d i a m Reg
i
,

i p s i u s Mi n i st r i s , u t m e s u b i i c i a m m e o M a g i s t r a t u i ,
D o c t o r i b u s ,
P a s or i t
t
s p iri u a l i, Ma gi s t r o , v t m e m o d e s e g e r a m ,
r e u e r e n t e r t e r g a m a i o re s

m e li o r e s , u t n u llu m la e d a m u e r b o a u t fa c o ,
v t s i m fi d e l i s & 1u s u s i n t
o o o

t
i m m t m ea m
o m n i b u s n e g o t ij s , u t n u ll i i n u id e a m , n u llu m o d a ,
u t a n u s c o n

p m um
t
a fu r o , li n gu a m a m a le d i c e n t i a Ob t r e c t a t i o n e ,
u t m e i s u c a s t
m m o l a b o re
.

s ob r i u m s e r u e m Ne c on c u p i s c a m a o.
li ru m b o n a ,
s e d d i s c a e

d ua m
m i hi u i c t u m p a ra r e, u t De o o b e d i a m i n q
t q
u e u o c a i o n e a
u a c u n q ,

m e d i gn a b i t u r u oc a re (Q ueen
12 4 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

a u t ho ri t a t e o bs e q u a r ; om n i b u s m eis w ith s om e au th o ri t y u n d er hi m s e l f ;
su
p e r i o ri b u s , Doc t o ri b u s s p i r i t u a li bu s , p u t m y s elf u n d e r a ll m y be tt e rs ,

Pas t o r i b u s ac
p ra e ce
p t o ri b u s m ei p s u m s p i ri u a ltT e a c he rs , She p he rd s a nd

su i cia m ; s u b m i ss e a c r e v e ren t e r me m as t e rs ; b e ar m yse l f hu mb ly an d

Vt i llu m a cq u e a tq ue m e i p s u m d ili g a m : i ta m e e rga a l ios g e ra m ,

q u ema d m od um i llo s e r ga m e se ge r e r e cup i o Pa r e n e s a m o r e , v e n e
. t
t
r a ion e, s u b s id i o c o m p le c t a r . R e ga l e m m a i e s t a t e m e i us q u e m i n i s r o s t
ho n o r e O b e d i en t i a p r o s e q u a r : e r ga o m n e s g u b e m a t o r e s , i n s t i t u t o r e s ,
p a s t o re s s p i r i t u a le s , m a g i s tr o s m o r i ge ru m m e o b e d i e n t e m p r a e b ea m .

Sub m i s s e m e r e u e re n t er g e ra m e r ga m a i o r e s . Ne m i n e m v er b o aut

fa c t o la e d a m . In om n ib us m e i u s t u m , fi d e le m in t egr u m o s te n d a m .

Od ium i n t us in a n im o o c c u lt u m n on fo u e a m . Ma n u s a fu r t o, li n gu a m
a m e n d a c i o, ca l u m n i a Ob t r e c t a t i o n e c on t i n e a m . C or po r e m e te m
p e r a n t e m , s o b r i u m , c a s tu m p r a e b e a m Al ie n a d e n iq ue . vt b ona n on

c o n c u p i s c a m , s e d p ro p r i o l a b o r e i n d us ria s tu d ea m a d t v ctu mi me c e s
s a ri a c o m p a ra r e ,
ei
'

que v i ta e ra t ion i s a t i s fa c e re , ad qu a m m e Di u i n a
p r ou id e n t i a v o c a r i t ( Va u t r o lli e r ) .

Illu m e a d e m , q u a m e i p s u m , b e n e v o le n t i a c ha r i t a t e c o m p le c t i
“
.

O m n i b u s h o m i n i b u s fa c e r e , qu o d m i hi ab i ll i s fi eri velim Pa r e n t e s .

c ha r o s , i n ho n o r e ha b e r e , e os fo v e r e , t u eri p ri n c i p i m a gi s tr a ti b u s
ho n o r e m tr i b u e r e i llo r u m m e i m p e r i o p o te s ta t i s ub j i c e re a u t ho r i t a t e

p r a e d i t i s o m n i b u s , d o c t o r ib u s , E ccl e s i a e m i n i s t r i s , p r a e c e p to r i b u s d ic o t
a u d ie n t e m e s s e : s u p e r i o r e s o m n e s Ob s e rv a r e r e ve re ri Ne m i n e m .

d ic t
fa c t d v e la e d e r e , v e r i t a t e m r e t i n e r e ,
o ser va re a e q u i t a te m in r e b u s om

n ib u s t
m e n e m a b o m n i m a l i i a o d i Oq u e t v a cua m a t
q
'

; in t e g ra m s e r vare
m an u s a fr a u d e , fu r t o, la t r o c i n ij s : l i n gn a m ab om n i m a le d i c e n t i a , m e n
d a t i o, ab i n fa m i a c u iq ua m i n fe r e n d a a b s ti n ere . Cor p u s t em pe r a t e
s o b r ie, ca s t e h a b e re : a lien a n on c on c u p i s ce r e ,
ne qu e a
p p e te r e . R es
a d v i v en d um n ec es s a r ia s j u s t e m i hi , cum fide a c q u i re r e in eO v i ta e
t t
s a u, i n q u o m e De u s c o llo ca b i t , O ffi c i u m n on d e s e rer e ”
( No we ll s
’
Sm a l l
C t a ec h i s m) .

No w e l l th gi v e s a n p a n s i o n (f u s z zl: p an d a d u ie s t
' '

en ex d zcer e) o f t he

t w
o a rd s on e s
’
n e i g hb o u r , un d er j c t s to th es e he a d s : the du ty of s ub e

p r i n c e o f c hi l d r e n t o p a r e n t s o f s p i r i t u a l c h i l d r e n t o s p i r i t u a l p a r e n t s
, ,

o r p a s t o rs o f s e r v a n t s o f p a r e n t s t o c hi l d r e n o f m a s t e r s a n d h e a d s o f
, , ,

h o u s e s o f hu s b a n d s t o w i v e s a n d o f w i v e s
‘

.
, ,

meip sum B a gs t e r h e re ha s a c o lo n i n p l a c e o f Du r e l s c o mm a
. He
’
.

a l s o ha s a c o l o n fo r Du r e l s fu ll s t o p a ft e r a n te
” “
fi e ri s u c c u rra m
“ ” “
’
, ,

ll
ce un t ,
”
lae d a m
“
fo v e a m ,
” “
cu s t o d i a m 2 s e m i c o l o n
”
,
” “

fo r c o mm a a ft e r ho n or e m and a v ea m
“
c o l on fo r s e m i c o l on a ft e r
” “

sub j ic ia m an d a c o mm a i s i n s er t ed a f er t “
i p s iq ue , ” “
a u c t o ri ta t e ,
”

and
’
p ra e ce p t o r i b u s .
12 6 TH E CA TE CH /S ll i .

m e n d ac io , ac l
ca u m n i a . U t co r
p us t on gu e fro m i ll-s p e a k i n g ,
ly i n g a n d ,

m e u m t e m p e ra n te r , so b r i e , a tq ue cas te s l a n d er T ha t I k ee p m y bo d y t e m
.

t
c u s od i a m . B on a a l i en a ne
q u e con p e ra t e l
y so b e r ly a n d c has t ely
,
T ha t , .

c u p i sca m
q u e a v ea m , ne sed d i sc a m I n e i t he r l on g fo r n or c ra v e fo r
ar t e m a d v i ta m s u s t e n t a n d a m i d o n e a m , a n o t he r s
g oo d s b u t l ea r n a c ra ft fi t
‘

in ea
gn a v i t e r l abo re m . E t m eo t o m a i n t a i n l i fe t he rei n l abo u r ,

o fl
i c io fu n ga r i n eo v i t a e tt
s a u ,
ad a c t i v e ly A n d t ha t I d i sc ha rge m y
.

q u em Deo v i s u m fu e ri t m e v oc are . d u ty i n t ha t es t a t e o f l i fe t o w hi c h ,

i t s ha ll hav e see m ed g ood t o G od t o

c a ll m e .

( ya m m) m e o Ma g i s t r a t u i
. i s the e qu i v a l e n t in Q uee n E l iz .

W hi t a k e r who ha s Ma g i s tr a t u i ” i n t he
,
“
La i n , ha s t ;
rt ép o fi d p xo v r t i n
t he G re e k .

5 p i r i t 11 a 1i b us s p i r i tu a le s c a n t e le n a s ,
7) C‘
s p i r i t u all s on g s (7 a n u a ) .

A le s s ha s s p i ri t u a l i a s Q u e e n E l i z ha s
”
n ot .
,
.

Pa s t O r ib u s In t he F o rm a Mo d u s F a ci en d i, ”
&c .
, i n Du r e l s
’

Pr a y e r B o o k we ha v e Pa s to r
”
fo r t h e E n g l i s h V e r s i o n S he p he r d
”
.

Pa s t o r i b u s i s on ly ,
i n 7 a mt a ; p ra e c e p t o r i b u s ,
“
m a s ter s .

B i s ho p S t i lli n g fle e t ( 1 66 4) w it r es
“ ‘
o cc id e r e ’
is n ot
‘
p as c e re ’
in any

P t th t t ch
‘
s ense ; La n i i i d e s t , n on a s ori s ,
’
a
’
s t he B u er s
’
n ot t he Sh e p
he a r d pa rt ’
sDu p o r t r o p ém a n d d a rr é r a g
.
”
a e r a n d Pe t le yha v e
,
i
,
e t . W hi t k
t he s i n gu l a r S o ha v e Al e s s a n d Q u e e n E l i z
. o e a ll C a t e c hi s m ) . N w ll ( S m
ha s E ccl e s i a e m i n i s tr i s a n d 7 07 9 d é v ou; r fig xh no i g
,
”
t a rc ex
’
a .

1 e v e r e n t e r : Be s u bm i s s i v e ly obed i en t to t hy l e tte r s r ev er en d/1g

'

t/ze m a w u ll
f y ( re v e re n t e r c o l e ) R i s e up to tlzy eld er s p u t of t/ 1y ll n l , ,

m a k e a leg ( fle c t e fflm u a .

T h e R e v E Da n i e l s a y s t ha t l o w ly r e l a t e s t o t h e e s t i m a t e we s e t
. .
“ ”

u p o n o u r s e lv e s b u t i n Du r e l s v e r s i o n a t a ll e v e n t s s ubm is s e a c r e ve
'

re n te r me s e e m s t o r e fe r t o th e wa y i n w hi c h we
ge r a m )
”
s ub mis s e
“ ”

r e ga r d t he cl a i m s o f ou r s u e ri o r s
p .

u l l a : q u a p i a m ( B a gs t e r) “ ”
.

a n t e c c l 111 n t S o t ra n s l a t e d i n Ya n u a S o a l s o a re
. la e d a m a n d .

”
fo v e a m .

m li c i a m
a . E ds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 696 , 1 7 03 ,
“
m a li t i a m .

“
ma l i i a ”
is t p r o p e r ly “
ba d nes s ; he re i t p r o b a b ly i s
”
e qu i v a l e n t to
s pite .
”
Cf .
ya m“ : c a lu m n i a t o r e s m a l i gn i
“
p i te/a ll
s

s la n d e r e r s
( fa l se No w e ll ( V oc a b . t o La r ge C a t e c hi s m ) s a y s ,
“
ll a li ti a , qu a m v i ti os i t a te m C i ce r o m a v u lt p p e ll a re qu a m
’

i xa ma , a ,
 TH E CA TE CH I S AI .

z i n es
Ca ter / .

Mi p u er , sc i a s ho c , te ex te My l d k no w
c hi , t hi t h t s, a you of

i p so i s p t a ra es t a r e n on pos se
,
ne
q ue in y o u rs el f a re n o t a b l e to p er fo r m th ose

De i m a n d a t i s l i ps i v i re ( t hi n gs ) w lk co m
'

a m b u a re ser ,
nor to a i n G od s

a bs
q u e g ra i a t i ll i n s s p ec i a l i , q u am mands s er ve hi m s e l f w i th t ou hi s

Ma li t i a m . Ma li t i a m en i m c e rt i cu usquam
j v iti i , v i t i os i t a tem omn i um
n om e n e s s e .

B a g s te r h a s m a le v o len t i a m .

Har wo od s
’
ve rs i on he r e i s r em a r kab l e ,
“
n em i n i in an imo m eo m a l e
ve l i m ”
.

fu r tO p r i v i e h e f , or fi lc h i n g t t ”

Ia t r o c inio “
o p e n r ob b e r y ,
”
7 i wu d w he re a s o l “
c oh i b e r e is kee p
“

in . F or Du r e l s ’ “
l a t r oc i n i o ”
B a gs t e r h a s c o m p i la t i o n e .
”
No w e l l
( S m a ll Ca t e ch i s m ) fr a u d e , fu r t ”
ha s a o, la t ro c i n ij s , an d op ev a x ro p ofi , xa i
x k o wfig, xa i M arc a i g .
Q ue e n E l iz . ha s s im ply m a n u s “
a fur t o ,
”
an d
Va u t r o lli e r, “
kin g n o m a n u s a fu r t
d i s t i n c t i on i n t he
o,
”
t a a cc o u n t o f t h e

E n g l i s h V e r s i on
p i ck i n g a n d s t e a l i n g ”
,
Me s s r s B r i g h t a n d Me d d a l s o
“
. .

h a v e s i m ply m a n u s a fu r t o ”
Sha k e s p e a r e wh o o ft e n d r e w fr o m th e
“
.
,

B i b l e s e e m s t o h a v e d ra w n fr o m t h e C a t e ch i s m h e r e i n h i s w o r d s pu t i n
, ,

t h e m ou t h o f H a m l e t B y t he s e p i ck e r s a n d s t e a l e r s
”
.
,

m a le d i c e n t i a 1Wa led i ee r e
”
i s e xe c r a r i d e v o v e r e d i r i s d e v ov e r e
“
, , ,

d i r a s O b n u n t i a re i n No w e ll ( La r g e C a t e c h i s m ) T h e R e v E Da n i e l . . .

m a ke s e v i l s pe a k i n g a g e n e r i c t e r m i n c l u d i n g ly i n g a n d s l a n d e r i n g
-
,

b u t Du r e l s
’
w ord s do n ot a d m i t of t hi s .

cam
d i s No t e t he d iffe r e n c e fr o m t he E n gl i s h V e r s i o n , t o l e a r n a n d “

l a b ou r t r u ly t o g e t m y o wn l i v i n g
”
B a g s t e r ha s
“
d i s ca m e t e n i t a r
.

m ea i p s i u s O p e ra v i t am s u s t e n t a re .
” “
d i s ca m m e o l a b or e m i hi u i ct u m

p a ra r e ”
u ee n
“
s ed p ro p r i o l a b o r e in d us t r ia s tu d ea m ad

v ic tum ne ce s s a r i a c o m p a r a r e ( Va u t r olli e r) .
p a Oe i n m i} i di ou m i l/a v r d
i rr t n zdera wp oa rrop rZ ew ( Pe t le y ) SO W hi t a k er b u t p a v 9ci v ew Od v s w i
' ’

a v xa
.
,
.
p
ép y d l wea t érr i Bi o v wop i Z ea Q a r ( Dup o r t ) p r o p r i o l a b or e
“
( 566t 7 6 1/ .

s tu d ea m v i c t u m e x e r c e r e ( H a r w oo d ) .

a r tem “
nam a r em t a li q u a m n em o n on fa c t i t a t , ” “
ar em t ”
b ein g
“
t r a d e, c r a ft or p r o fe s s i on ”
(y a n u a ) . Su s ten t a r e ”
is to “
main t a in
”

in d i tt o .

”
g n a v it e r n ot n a v i t er s o, t o o, in y a nua , gn a v u s for “
na vu s .

E t m e o p a ra t e s en t e n c e a n d n ot d e p e n d en t u p o n t h e
. T hi s i s a se ,

p r e ce d i n g o n e T h e c o n s t r uc t i on i n t he E n g l i s h V e r s i o n a pp e a r s a t fi r s t
.

s i gh t t o b e to l e a r n a n d l a b ou r to d o m y d u ty b u t Du r e l i s
“

p r ob a b ly r i gh t i n c on c e i v i n g t o d o a s p a ra ll e l t o a n d n o t d e p e n d e n t
” “
,
12 8 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

o mn i t e m o re
p d i li gen t e r i n v oc a re p e c u l i a r fa v ou r , whi ch ( fav o u r) at a ll

d i s ca s o p o rt et . A u d i am i t aq u e ti m es y ou o u g h t t o l ea r n to i n v o ke
num o r a t i o ne m Do m i n i ca m p os s i s ca re fu lly . Le t m e hea r a c c o rd i n
gl y
t
re c i a re . wh th e er
yo u c a n re hea r se t he Lo rd s
‘

p ray e r .

upon ,
“
t o l e a rn and l ab o ur
b y th e fa c ha b e fo r e
.
”
Th i s i s s u p p o rt e d t t t
1 6 04 t h e s e n e n c e r a n , t
B u t l e a rn , e t c
”
a t h a d a e t he ord
“
to
”
was . t t t w
a d d e d , p e r ha p s t o s h o t h e p a r a ll e l i s m i h “
to d o
”
w Q u een E l i z , wt . .

ta k i n g t he s a m e v i e w
a s Du r e l, ha s n o t t he i n fi n i i v e , b u t u t De o t
i n q u a c u n q u e u o c a ti o n e , a d q u a m m e d i g n a b i t u r u o c a r e
"
ob ed ia m .

t t
Va u t r olli e r a k e s t he O pp o s i e v i e , a n d r e a d s e i q u e v i a e r a t i o n i s a i s w '
t t
fa c e r e , qu a m m e Di u i n a p r o u i d e n t i a v oc a r i t Har w f ll w t hi
”
ad oo d o o s s .

v e r b a t i m w i t h d i ffe r e n c e s o f s p e ll i n g In t he G r e e k v e r s i on s a er . W hi t k
ha s 7 6 m i O a Ocu u p w hi ch i s c e rt a i n ly a s e p a ra t e s e n t e n c e i t i s d i ffi
e
”

c u l t t o s a y w he t he r t he i n fi n i t i v e Ir o eTU Qa t i n Pe t le y d o e s o r d o e s n o t “
t

d e p e n d u p o n t o l e a rn ” Du p o r t s 1rp ti r r ew i s a l s o i n d e p e n d e n t o f p y
“
.
’ ‘
a

Gd u w a s hi s s u b o r d i n a t e v e r b i s pu t i n a p r e p o s i t i o n a l p hr a s e ér i r ;
e
,
t

wop Z wQ a No w e ll ( S m a ll C a t e c h i s m ) i n b o t h La t i n a n d G r e e k ha s
’

r r. ,
,

a c o l o n d i v id i n g to d o e tc fr o m t he fo r m e r cl a u s e t h u s s h o w i n g t ha t
“
,
”
.
, ,

h e l i k e Du t e l Q u ee n E l i z W h i t a k e r a n d Dup o r t r e ga r d e d i t a s i n d e
, ,
.
, , ,

p en d e n t Me s s r s B r i gh t a n d Me d d h o w e v e r t a k e t he o pp o s i t e v i e w
. .
, , ,

a n d ha v e m e o O fii c i o fu n gi e t c , d e p e n d i n g u p o n d i s ca m e t b o n a fi d e ” “
.
,

s tud ea m .

fu n a r : e r fo r m 7 or
“
d i s c ha r e an d
“
s a t t us ,
“
t t
es a e 9
”
or

s t t a e, i . e.
, t
p os i i o n , r a n k , i n y a n u a .

Mi p u e r . S o E d s 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , . 1 6 96 . Ed . 1 7 03 ha s t h e m i s p r i n t
p eu r .

B a g s t e r ha s a s em i co l on a f er t p os se, and com m a s t

a f er a m b u a re l
and s er v i re .
”

Cu m s c i re d eb e a s , te i s t a ex t uis u i ri b u s , s in e s pe c i a l i De i gr a i a t
p r a e s t a re n o n p o s s e , a c p r O p t e r e a c o n i n u o O ra n d u m t es s e p ro gr a t ia, d ic
m i hi b o n e pue r , O r a t i o n e m Do m i n i c a m ( Q u e e n
”

H oc v e l i m s ci a s , O ptim e fi li , t uis te i
v r ib u s is t
p r a e s t a re n on p o s s e ,
a

ne qu e i n De i m a n d a t i s v e r s a r i ,
i ll i p ro u t d e c e t, s e ru i r e , n i s i s i n gu la r i
e i u s gr a t i a a d i u t u m qu a m e t i a m d is c ere o p o rt e t te a r d en t i s s i m i s p r eci
b u s s e m p e r a b i ll o c o n t e n d e r e A u d i a m i gi
. t ur an m em o ri te r t e n ea s
o r a t i on e m Do m i n i c a m (Va u t r olli e r ) .

wer e m i fllz, q u u m n on s i t 3 22 20 7: i n Izom i n i s:c uj u s q u a m p otes ta te ,

law
'

u t zs t i s s i m i li bzi s u e Dei P r a eee t i s

'

q p p er s e p a r ed l, i lli y u e ex s a n ct i s s i m o
legvt m s u a r a m p r a es er zf to i m er wa t n i s i zf r i (s i c, b u t i n 1 5 84 i p s e ) v i r t u
'

t em efl
’ ’
n obi s d i v i n i t zls la rg i a tu r , q u a e n od es d i e s q u e a r r a u i : es t i lag i ta n d a
13 0 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

v e n i at re
gn u m tu u m. F ia t vol un t as Na me . A r r i v e m a y t hy k i n gd o m ,

t ua, Si c u t i n c oe lo in t e r ra . Pa n e m Do n e w
b e t hy i ll , L i k e a s i n hea v e n
t
n os r u m
q u o t id i an u m da n ob i s ho d i e . a sol on e ar th . O u r d a i ly b rea d gi v e
'

E t d i mitte n obi s d eb i t a n o s ra , t Sie u t us t o -d a

y . A n d d is m i s s fo r us ou r

n os d i m i t t i m u s d e b i to r i b u s n o s tr i s . Et n e n os in d uca s i n t e n ta t i o n e m ,
s ed l i b e ra n os a m a lo . Am e n .
”
(Ed Pa r i s , Thi s i s i n Ma tt . vi .

The o t he
v e r s i o n i s i n Luk e x i
r Pa t e r s a n c t i fi c e tu r n o m e n t u u m ,
-
,

a d u e n i a t r e gn u m t u u m fi a t v o lu n t a s t u a p a n e m n o s t ru m q u o t i d i a n u m d a
, ,

n ob i s hod i e d i m i t t e n ob i s p e cc a t a n o s t r a s i q u i d e m
, n os d i m i t t i m u s ,

( Th e R e v i s e d
”
o m n i d eb e n ti n ob i s : n e n o s i n d u c a s i n t e n t a t i on e m .

V e r s i o n a l s o c o n cl u d e s t h e Lo r d s Pr a y e r a t t e m p t a t i o n i n Luk e x i ’ “
.

The fi r s t o f t he s e i s p r e c i s e ly t he s a m e a s t h a t O f t he R o m i s h Mi s s a l ,

w i t h d i ffe re n c e s o f p o i n t i n g e tc a n d o n e r e m a r k a b l e d i v e rge n c e q u o
,
.
, ,

t id ian u m b e i n g r e a d fo r t h e V u l ga t e s s u p e r s u b t a n t i a le m
” ’
s
.

Ale s s g i v e s t h e Lo r d s Pr a y e r o n ly a s fa r a s n om e n t u u m Q ueen
’
.

E l i z s a y s s i m ply
. Pa t e r n o s t e r q u i e s i n c o e li s & c
,
“
b u t i n Mo r n i n g . .

Pr a y e r he r v e r s i o n i s v e r b a t i m t he s a m e a s t h a t o f t h e Mi s s a l w i t h ,

d i ffe r e n ce s o f p o i n t i n g e t c : So i s t ha t o f W hi t a k e r i n Mo r n i n g Pr a y e r
, ,

of Va u t r olli er , and th t o f a Du r e l .

N o w e ll ’
s v e r s i on ( La r ge Ca t e c hi sm ) is s om e w h t d i ff t H e h a e ren . as,

PAT E R N OSTE R Q U I ES IN C ( E L S,I S AN CT I F I C E TU R NO ME N T U U M .

VE N IAT R E G NU M T U U M, F A T I V O LU NTAS T U A, S ICU T IN C CE LO, S IC

I
E T A M 1 N TE R R A . PA N E M N OSTR UIE M Q U OTIDIA NU M DA NO B S H OD I .

E T R E MITT E NO B I S D E B I TA NOST R A S IC U T E T N O S R E MITT IMU S DE B I ,

T O R IB U S NOSTR IS E T N E N O S IN DU CAS IN T E NTATIO N E M S E D L I B E R A

.
,

NO S A MA LO Q U I A T U U M E ST R E G NU M E T POT E NT I A E T G LO R I A
.
, ,

A ME N
”
IN S E CU LA . .

H i s v e rs i o n i n t he Sm a ll C a e ch i s m i s t h e s a m e , b u t i n s m a l l yp e t t .

w
H a r o o d g i v e s a d i ffe r e n v e r s i o n : Pa e r n o s e r , q u i e s i n c o e li s ,
“
t t t
s a n c t e co la t u r n om e n u um Ve n i a t r e gn u m u u m t F i a v o l u n a s t ua ,
. t . t t
u t i n c oe lo , s i c e t i n e rr a t
Vi c tu m n o s r u m a l i m e n a r i u m d a n ob i s h o d i e
. t t
Et r e m i tt e n ob i s d eb i t t
a n os r a , u t e t n o s r e m i tt i m u s d e b i t or ib us n o s tris

Ne v e n os i n t e n t a t i o n e m i n d u c i to, sed a m a l o tue re . A m en .

”
Thi s i s
t he v e r s i o n gi v e n b y Pa r s e ll .

W hi t a k e r No w e ll Pe t le y a n d Du p o r t g i v e t he t e x t o f Ma tt v i v er b a t i m
, , , . .

i n t he Lo r d s Pr a y e r ; b u t Du p o r t h a s n o t t h e d o x o l o g y N o r ha s Du r e l
’
.
,

n o r t he E n g l i s h V e r s i o n a n d i t i s o m i tt e d a l s o i n Ma tt v i i n t he R e v i s e d . .

Ne w Te s t a m e n t .

PA T E R Au gu s i n e t sa ys ,
or a t i o f te rn a
ra es t .
”

coelis b e l o w we h a ve Th i s c ha n ge fr o m p lura l t o
”
S i cu t i n c oe lo .
 TH E CA TE CH I S M . 13 1

nos d i m i tt i m u s d eb i t o ri b u s n os t r i s . d eb t s, Li k e as a so l we d i s m i s s (d eb t s )
Et n a n os i n d u cas i n t e n t a t i o n em Sed fo r ou r d eb t o rs . A nd d o n ot l ead us

l i b era n os a mal o . Amen . in t t o ria l: B u t fr ee us from e v il .

Amen .

s ing ul a r i s in a cco r d a n c e w i t h t he Ne w Te s t a m en t ( Ma tt . wh ere we

h a ve 6 iv ob
p d v org , b u t Ev wy
ofi p d .

Eds . 1 6 85 , 1 6 87 , 1 69 6 ha v e a c o mm a , and 1 7 03 a full s opt h er e .

T he R e v i s e d V ers i on om i s t “
ou r
”
an d
“
w h i ch a rt i n h ea v e n in
Luk e xi . 2 .

Sa n ctifi ce tu r C f t he. n o es t on Sa n c t o ru m C o mm u n i on e m , on

s a n c ti fi c a v i t
”
i n t he n ex t a we ns r a f er t t he C r e e d , a n d on s a n c ti fi c a v i t

i n C o mm a n d m e n t IV .

E ds . 1 6 96 , 1 7 0 3 ha ve a ca p i ta l ,
I 6 8 5, 1 6 87 a s m a ll s in t hi w s ord .

Nom e n Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e n om e n .
”

Ad t : N w ll VE NIAT ; b t ft e w a d he
ven i a o e ,
“ ”
u a r r s y s Se cu n d o
sa ,

l c p eti m t A DV E N I AT R E G NU M DE I e x p r es s i o n
”
o o us, Cf u . . o ur th e
“

S e c d Ad v t ”
on en .

F ia t Th e R e v i e d Ne w T e t a m e n t o m i t s
. T hy s s
“
w i ll —
ea r th ”
in
Lu k e xi . 2 .

”
S i c u t i n c o e lo E ds . . 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e s i cu t . Th e r e
i s m u ch d i ffe r e n c e i n p o i n i n g t
h e r e The V u l g a t e ha s n o s t o p fr om F i a t .
”

to t e r ra T he Mi s s a l u s u a lly h a s a co m m a a ft e r c oe lo i n a Sa l i s
.
” “

b u r y b oo k h o w e v e r w h i ch we h a v e c on s u l t e d ( S a c r a In s t i t u t i o B a p
“
, ,

tizan d i
”
e tc,
t h ere i s n o com m a Q u ee n E l i z ha s c o mm a s
.
,
. .

b o t h b e fo r e s i c u t a n d a ft e r c o e lo S O h a s No w e ll Va u t rolli e r h a s
” ”
. .

a c o mm a a ft e r Du r e l h a s a c o mm a b e fo r e
” “ “ ”
c o e lo . Sicut b ut n o t ,

a ft e r i n t h e C a t e c hi s m i n E d s 1 6 7 0 1 6 96 a n d 1 7 03 b u t i n 1 6 8 5
“ ”
c o e lo , ,
.
, ,

a n d 1 6 87 a c o mm a a l s o a ft e r a n d i n i t s fi r s t o cc u r r e n c e i n t he
” “
c oelo ,

b o o k h e ha s a c o m m a a ft e r ”
c o elo .

I t ha s b e e n s u gg e s t e d b y Mr B o y s t ha t d g 7 17 g r e fe r t o a ll t he fi r s t . i —

t hr ee cl a u s e s O f the Lo r d s Pr a y e r a n d n ot m e r e ly t o t he t hi r d ’
,
.

o t i d i a n u m t h e m o s t p r ob ab l e m e a n i n g Of t he G re ek ri m
q u

m ov w h i c h o n ly o ccu r s i n Ma tt v i I I a n d Lu k e x i 3 Phi l o l og i c a ll y
’ ’
t m oz ,
. . . .

t h e w or d i s p ro b a b ly c o n n e c t e d w i t h ém o ii a a t h e fo ll o w i n g d a y T he ,
.

V u l g a t e h e re ha s s u p er s u b s ta n t i a le m i n Ma tt v i
”
q u ot i d i a n u m in . .
,

Luk e x i .

ly a r w o o d ha s a l i m en t a r i u m
” “
q u o ti d i a n u m d a i i n 7 1m m H , ,
9 . .

h o d i é Th i s fo ll o w s Ma tt v i Lu k e ha s n ) a )) ép v d a y b y d a y ’

. 7 t a , .

( 1i m i t t e No w e ll r e m i t te ”
Di m i t te r e i s o n ly u s e d o f d i s m i s s i n g .

a c on gr e ga t i on i n 3 22 m m ; b u t
”
d eb i t o r e m d i m i tt e r e o ccu r s i n U lp i a n u s
IO
 TH E CA TE CH IS AI .

Q u id p e t is a Deo i n hac o ra t i on e ? W ha t d o yo u s ee k from G od i n

t hi s
p ra y e r ?

t he l a wy e r a n d t r i b u t a a l i e n i
,
“
H 3 55 O n t he d i m i tt e r e, i n Ta c i tu s . . .

l a tt e r pl a ce O r e lli n ot e s up o n “
d i m i tt e r e , ” “
i n p e r pe t u u m c o s t r i b u t i s
li b e r a b a t e d i c t o s u o : r em i t/er e for e t u n a m a lte r a m v e p e n s i o n e m i i s i t a
S o t ha t
”
con d o n a r e , u t t a m e n t ri b u ta r i i m a n e r e n t
" ” “
d i m i tt e r e i s t he .

h i gh e r wo r d , a s ex p r e s s i n g a full a n d c om pl e t e d i s m i s s a l for e v e r .

d eb i t a . R e v i s e d V e r s i on h a s d eb t s ”
i n Ma tt v i a n d sins
“
. .
,
“ ”
in
Luk e xi . T h e A u t h o r i z e d V e r s i on h a s t re s p a s s e s i n t he fo r m er “ ”
. Cf .

“
s in i s t he t r a n s gr e s s o n i of t he la w ”
( 1 j ohn i ii . a w or d of s i m i a r l
d e r i v a i ont .

S i c u t : Eds . 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 8 7 , 1 6 96 , 1 7 03 ha v e s ie ut .
”

T h e r e s ho u l d , p e r ha p s ,
s ri t c t ly be no s ic,
”
as t he G r ee k i s s imp ly by
« .

No w e ll go e s fa r t he r fr om t he G re e k b y w itir ng s icut in c o e lo , s i c e tc .

w ood
,

Har ha s ut in c o e lo, s i c
”
etc .

Th e s en s e of t he G ree k i s “
l i ke a s ,
”
or r a t he r, as n ot
“
j us t as

fo r we l d e v i d e n tly
s ho u n ot p r a y to b e for g i v e n on ly so fa r , a n d as m u c h,
as we forg i v e o t he r s .

d imittim thi f ll w
u s : s o o s Luk e , who ha s t h e p r e s en t ; Ma tt he w .

a cco r d i n g to t he b e t MS S h a s .
,
s the p e r fe c t te nse ; b u t t h e R e c ha s t h e .

p re s e n t . V e rs i o n ha s p e rfe c t
R ev i s e d .

i n d u c a s : s ub j u n c t i v e n o t i m p e ra t i v e S O th e G r e e k p r) s i o w éy e p g
,
.
,

w hi ch ho w e v e r t he R e v i s e d N ew T e s t a m e n t t r a n s l a t e s b r i n g u s n o t “

i n to e tc
”
,
H a r w o o d a l s o c h a n ge s t h i s t o t h e i m p e r a t i v e i n d uc i t o
. .
”

t en tati on em Aft e r t h i s w o r d E d s 1 6 8 5 1 6 87 h a ve a c o m m a ;
. .
,

1 6 96 a n d 1 7 03 a fu ll s t o p .

A go o d i ll u s t r a t i o n O f t he u s e o f t e m p t a t i o n i n E n g l i s h i s i n F u ll e r
“
,

C hu r ch H i s t o r y i v i 2 9 : Though m a y i t ( Ne w Co ll O x o n ) n e v e r
” “
. . .

h a v e a t e m p t a t i o n i n t ha t k i n d e ( a s i e ge ) t o t r i e t h e s t r e n g t h o f the w a ll s
th e r e of
”

Te n t a is “
tr y, as sa y ,
”
and
“
t e n ta t c a pu t m a k e s t h e h e a d a c he
,
” “
,
”

in 7 a mm .
“
Te n t a re
”
isp r o p e r ly t o ha n d l e ( t e n e r e ) fr e q u e n t ly s o t o ,
“
te t ;
s
”
es p e c i a lly of fe e l i n g t h e p u l s e ,
“
t t en a re v ena s
”
( Q u in t . 11 .
3 .

3 8, so
“
ten ta ti o p er s e v e r a n t i a e p r oo f, o r ” “ ” “
t t
es ( Li vy 4 .

e xa c t ly t he Gr e ek werp a a y dg, a n d n o t l i k e t h e E n gli s h Ve r s i on tem p ta

ti on ; b u t t h e G r ee k i s m a s c u l i n e , wh e rea s te n ta t i o i s fe m i n i n e , and

ex p r e s s e s t he p r o ce s s o f t e s t i n g o r t r i a l “ ” “
.
”
No w e ll ( Vo c a b i n La rg e .

C a t e ch i s m ) s a y s Ten ta ti o p r o s oll i c i t a t i o n e
, , ad v i tia .

li b e r a Th e G r e e k i s fis c m i d d l e v oi c e a l
,
. I t ma y b e r ema r k ed h ere
13 4 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

ut
gr a t i a m s u a m m i hi , om n ib us t t
good , ha he m a y l av i s h u po n m e ,

la r g i a t u r, u t i p s u m c o la m u s i p s i se r ,
o
a n d u on all hi s fa v o u r , ha we m a
p y t t
v i a m u s & o b se u a m u r p ro u
q t e n em u r t . rev e re n c e hi m se l f, se rv e hi m se l f
De u m e ti am o ro ut n o b is ea om n ia s ubmi t (t o hi m ) i n p ro p o rt i o n a s we a re
i m p ert i a t u r q u a e su n t m ti en co rp o r i bo u n d . I a l so p ray G od t ha t he m a y

m a s cul i n e ; and o f t he Lo r d B i s ho p of De r r y and R a p h oe , who u rge s

t he p r e fe r e n ce t
fo r t h e Au ho r i z e d V e r s i o n o n t h e h i ghe r g ro u n d s ha t he t t
t
i d ea o f a Chri s i a n cl o s i n g t h e p r a y e r o f p r a y e r s b y a r e q u e s t o b e t
w
d e l i v e r e d fr o m hi m , fro m ho m b o h t h e i n d i v i d u a l a n d t he h o l e Chu r ch t w
Ira : been d e l i v e r e d a l r e a d y , i s a ga i n s t he a n a l ogy o f t he fa i h t t .

We may ad d th t St a Pa u l a pp e a r s to b e a llu d i n g t o t he Lo r d
’
s Pr a y e r
w
.

in 2 Ti m i v . . 1 8 2 Ka i pba er a i p a 6 Kbp t og ai m) «( 1 {p y ov wov np o ii , m i U rba n

ig i rrov p a m ov qi r 013 9 a t tfm a g r tf wa i é v wv
' '

fi a mh u a v dd5a ei g
’
r a br oi} n iv
’
.

d p fiv . If t he fi r s t cl a u s e of t h i s be p a ra ll e l t o a n d fo u n d e d o n m l (55 0m
{mag i m ) r r m}
‘

wov np oi}, i t i s a s r t o ga n rgu m e n t for t he e v i l or e vil

“
an d
”
,
“
,
”

n ot
“
t he e vil on e ; ju s t a s t he c o n clu d i n g w o r d s s e e m t o s u p p o r t th e
g e n u i n e ne s s o f t h e d o x o l o gy i311 ,
7
00 1 i or w 1 ) fi a a iheta rea l ) bbv a p rg
1 rea l 1 )
d a r ig r obe a rtf ma g
' '

ci p zyv .

In t h e ed i ti o n of 1 8 1 8 Dup o r t i s m a d e to om i t
b e fo r e 1r ov np oi} i n t he r ofi

l a s t cl a u s e T hi s h o w e v e r
. h e d oe s n o t d o i n hi s e d i i on o f 1 6 6 5 t .

I t i s n o t e w o rt hy t h a t t h e t
La i n h e r e k ee p s th e e x a c o r d e r o f t he G r ee k , t
w i t h t he e x c e p t i o n o f q u i “
es
”
fo r 6, an d
“
n os
”
b e fo r e i n s te a d of a f e r t
i n d u ca s .
”

Q n a s ti a Eds 1 6 96 1 7 03
. ha v e Q u es ti o ;
. E ds 1 6 85 ,
1 68 7 .
, ,
”
Q u aes t i o .

Q uid p et i s Q u i d p e t i s a De o ha c p r e c a t i on e ( Q u e en E l i z ) .

W hi t a k e r h a s i n ha c p r e c a t i on e
In h a c o ra t i o n e qu i d a De o p e t i s (Va u t r o lli e r ) .

Q u id d Deo i n l me P r eea t i on e ex e l i s 9 ( No w e ll s Sm a ll Ca t e ch i s m )
’

p . .

Pe to Pe t o ut co e l e s t i s p a t e r , da t or o m n i s b on i, d e t m ih i om n ib u s

h om i n i b u s , ut cum c o la m u s , e i s e ru i a m u s , ob ed ia m u s , u t d on e t n ob i s

om n ia qu a e ne c e s s a ri a s u n t ad ha n c u i t a m , re m i t t a t n ob i s p e cc a a, a c u t t
d e fe n d a tn os in om n i b u s p e r i c u li s c or p o r i s a n i m ae . t
Po s r e m o, u t n o s
li b e r e t ab om n i pe cc a t o ,
ab i n s id ij s Di a b o l i ,
m or t e a e t e rn a Cr e d o
.

e ti am De u m Pa t r e m p r o s ua b on i t te
a m i s e r i c o r d i a hoe fa c t u ru m , p e r
Do m i n u m n os r t um I e s um C hr i s t u m , id e d q u e d i c o Am e n id e s t, i ta fi e t .
”

( Q ue e n E l i z ) .

E q u id e m co n ten d o a Do m i n o De o Pa t b o n or u m o mn i u m
r e c oe le s t i ,

l a rgi t or e ,
i ta m e om n é s q u e a l i os s ua t
g ra i a v e li t a u ge r e c on fi rm a re , v t

i llu m c ola m u s , i ll i s er u i a m u s , p ro t
e o a qu e d ec e t i n om n i b u s o b re m
 TH E CA TE CH IS J I . 13 5

n e ce s sa ri a ; ut
q ue s i t n ob i s
p ro
p i ti us , gi v e us a p a rt of a ll th os e ( t hi n gs )
p ec ca t a n o s ra t n ob i s d i m i tt a t ; u t w hi c h a re n e ces s a r y to m ind bo d y ;
n os e ti am v e rs a u t es i n q u o l i be pe r i t a nd th t ahe m a y be fa v o u ra b l e t o u s ,
l
c u o t a m a n i m a e,
q u a m co r o r i i mm i
p d i s m i s s fo r u s o u r s i n s ; h a he
'

t t

p e rem u s p e o e i a m , v t om n i a t t n ob i s la r g i a t u r t u m ad c or p o r i s i n c o l u m i
t t
a e m , t u m a d a n i m a e s a lu t e m ne ces s a r i a ,
vt s ua n os m i s e r i cor d i a c om
p le c ta t u r , n ob i sq u e n os ra t p e cca t a c on d o n e t , d i gn e t u r n os ab o m n ib u s

p e r i c u li s co r p o r i s t u e r i a b o m n i q u e p e cc a t i s c e le r i s c o n
an imae
'

t a g i on e a b h o s t e s p i r i t u a l i S a t a n a m o r t e
, d a m n a t i on e a e t e r n a Ii b e ra re , .

Q u a e q u i d e m o m n ia s p e r o p r o s u a m i s e r i co r d i a b e n i gn i t a t e fa c i e t p e r ,

Do m i n u m n os t r u m I e s u m Chr i s t u m Id e é q u e i n e x t r e m a cl a u s ul a a d d o . .

Am e n (Va u t r olli e r ) .

Pr e c or Dom i n u m De u m m e u m , Pa t re m c o e le s t e m , b on o r u m om n i um
a u t ho r e m , u t e g o, m e cu m m o r a l e s d i v i n o i ll i n s s p i r i u a fii a t i ,
un i ve r s i t t
e u m p i e s a n c téq ; c o l um n s v e n e r a m u r (s i c , a n d i n 1 5 84 a l s o) i ll i i n

s e rv ia m u s : ej u s v o lu n t a t i , u t p a r e s t, o b e d i a m u s O r d q ; De u m , u t .

omn ia in un i v e r s u m ,
v el qu a e ad u sum v i ta e p e r ti n e n t , n ob i s la r g i r i v e li t

u t s up p li c u m m i s e r e r i , p e c c a t i s n o s t r i s i g n o s c e r e , p e r i c u la o m n i a t a m
a b a n i m i s q u am c o r p o r i b u s n o s t r i s d e p e lle r e , a v i t i i s fi a gi t ij s o m n i b u s
a v o ca re , a S a ta n a e v i a qu e i m p e u ue ri, t
a b i n t e r i t u s e m p i e rn o c o n t t t
s er var e n os v e li t . A t qu eh a e c e u m p r o p a t e r n a s u a cl e m e n t i a ,
a t qu e

b on i t te
p e r Do m i n u m
a ,
n o s t r u m I e s u m C hr i s t u m la r g i t u r u m e s s e p em ,
s

b o n a m c on c i p i o : i d e d q ; Am e n , i d e s t, i ta fi a t, a d fi n em
p r e c a t i on i s
a d j u n go
’
w
( No e ll s S m a ll C a e ch i s m ) t .

B a g s te r ha s no com m a a f ert “
m i hi, a n i m a e, or p e cc a t o b u t he
ha s co m ma s af ert “
o b s e q u a m u r,
” “
o r o,
” “
i m p e r ti a tu r , ” “
e ti am ,
” “
im
m i n en te ,
” “
an im arum ,
”
i p s um , a n d
“
s ua
”
a s e m i c o l o n for
“
a c o l on
af ert d ig n e tu r,
”
an d t t
h r e e o he r d i v e r g e n c e s m e n i on e d b e l o t w .

o m n i s b on i r fig «d o ng d y a Oémr og, ”
Dup o r t . wri t/r un ! d ya OrDv ,
W h i t a k e r No w e ll a n d Pe tle y
, ,
.

l a rgi t0re la r gi o r i s “
t o g i v e b o u n t i fully (la r g u s ) a s i t i s r i gh t ly
”
,

u s e d i n ya n n a w i t h n o n r oga t u s a n d e x m u n i fi c e n t i a “ ”
No w e ll ” “
.

( Sm a l l C a t e chi s m ) h a s d i r i y ; W h i t a k e r a n d Pe tle y x p ny ov ; Du p o r t t
,
o
,

i xop q y t w
‘
dor fip a Ka .

”
d e t m i hi e t c ( Q u ee n E l i z )
“
g r a tia m —
la r gi a ,
ut
t u r :
“
. . i ta
me t
s u a g r a i a v e li t a u ge r e c o n fi r m a r e , v t, e t c (Va u t r olli e r ) . . ut

u n i v e r s i m e c u m m or a l e s d i v i n o i ll i n s S p i r i u a m t t t
”
e go , a i, c um , e tc .
,

No w e ll , who i n t he G r e e k h a s , 7 6 95 7 01) 0113 7 01

7 m l s ii p a 41a p i oa o f9a ¢ (s i c
in 1 5 84 a s o l ) . W h i t ak er an d
'

Pe t le y h ave xa p i l eo ea t . Dri p or t , rrv j xép w

a br ofi xa r a rr M
é /a r .
 13 6 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

t
n e n e c u s od i re t ac t u eri d i g n et u r : m ay v o u c hs a fe a l s o to k ee p a n d d e fe n d
n os ser v a re ab om n i
p ecca o, ac t ma us wh en we a re in an
y d a n ge r ha n gi n g
l it i a ,
ab hos t e a n i mo r u m a b a et e rn a v e r a s w e ll s o u l
o a s bod y t o p re

mo r t e. E r hoc co n fi d o i ps u m p ro s e rv e u s fro m e v e ry s i n a n d b a d n e s ,
s
,

l
c emen ti a ac be n i g n i t a t e su a p ra es t i t u fr o m t he e n e m y o f s p i ri t s fro m
ru m ,
p er Do m i n u m n o s ru m J e s u m t e v e rl as t i n
g d ea t h A n d t hi s I a m .

C hr i s t u m Id e d q u e d i c o , Amen
. Si c . c o n fi d en t hi m s e l f w i ll p e r fo rm a c c o rd

fi at . in g hi s g rac i o u s n ess a n d go od n e s s ,
to

t hro u h o u r Lo r d
g e u s C hr i s A nd J s
t .

th e re fo re I sa
y Amen
,
. So b e i t .

etiam In E d . 1 6 87 th e re is a mis prin t ,

“
e t i u m, as a so l in 1 6 85 ; t hi s

is co c t d r re e in E d s . 1 696 1 7 03 .

imp e r t v p a r t ( Ya n u a )
i a t ur
“
to gi e
”
.

p rop itius or p rop i t i ou s ”

F a v o u r i n g t he i r c a u s e we l pl e a s e d .
,
-
,

r e c on c i l e d (7 a n u a )
”
d ign e t u r i s v o u chs a fe i n d i tt o .
”
.

d im itta t F o r d i m i t t a t a n d a s e m i c o l o n , B a g s t e r h a s r e m i t ta t
.
“ ”
, ,

a n d a c o lo n . H ar w ood ha s r e m i tt a t .
”

vers an tes v ers a ri a l m os t e qu a l s es s e i n y a n u a u s e d fo r t o

c o n v e r s e w i t h i n t he o ld s e n s e o f c o n v e r s a t i on
”
,
”
.

i n q u o l i b e t p e r i c u l o 2 i v m i m r fi g r d wxfig a i a bp r og K Vd é V g
‘

e x t a l Ot ,

Du p o r t a n d s o W hi t a k e r b u t w i t h 7 027 r e o é p a r g m i r fi g tlv xfig a n d t hu s

, ,
o /
,

a l s o Pe tle y No w e ll ( Sm a ll C a t e c h i s m ) ha s wd v r wv x i 5 13 m m r i g 1 s i lwx u;
‘
i / c
'
. c

hha r r w
O I r I
Km ra nm
p a ra a rr a '
.

immi n e n te “
h a n g i n g o v e r ( ya n n a ) .

a b 0 m n i d a ge) d h a p r ia g, Du p o r
i m) «d a ng
r
( n o t r fig a t so W hi t a k e r ,

d rr b «d ong ind i e ri v a p i a g ; a n d Pe tle y , ci rr o «d o ng d v oy i a g No . w e ll ,

ho w e v er ,

h a s r d m xa m d m Ka i whny p ek np d r wv d zr a vr wv ci n ci y et v
' ’ '

m a li tia i n the a n s w er b e fore t h e Lor d

’
s Pr a y e r , we h a v e m a li c i a m
in t hi s fi t Ed
rs . o f 16 7 0 .

n o mj
p i a g, Du p or W hi a k e r ha s t . t no w o rd fo r i t . Pe tle y , d p a p r i a g .

No w e ll , whi mp ehny d r wv .

F or ac m a l i ia t ”
B a g s te r h a s e t n eq u it ia .

a b ho s te a n im o r u m : in E d s . 16 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 696 , 1 7 03 ,
we h a v e
”
a n im a rum .

B a gs t e r ha s a n i m a ru m .
”
S o ha s H a r w ood .

Dup o r t ha s 9p o i} i llu tlm W h i t ak e r h a s d zr b

’
i m) r ob
p a r urofi am
'

r n v ev ex . r

Aa fi bh ov éu édp wv ( i n s i d ij s Di a b o l i ) . d rr b r tDV zr
v a r ucofi 7
7 01 wohs p i o v
ti t/£ 59 15 1! ( Pe tle y ) . r fig Bl g m i
Ea r a i
vc a bp p fig ( No w e ll ) . Me s s r s . B r i gh t
and Me d d ha v e “
ab i n i m i co Sp i r i tua l i .
”
 TH E CA TE CH /5 J 1 .

Re sp on r i o .
An e w” .

Du o t a n t hm , q u a e qu i d em i n ge n e re T wo on ly ,
to be i n d e ed i n ge n e ra l

ear ly a ppl i e d b y P li n y to t h o s e V o w s by w h i ch the Ch i t i a s t i d t h m r s n e e

s e lv e s t o t h e i r R e l i i o n t a k e n fr o m t he O t h b y w h i ch t h e S l d i e y
a s o r
g ,

a m on g t he R om a n s , w e re s w o rn to t he i r C ol our s O ffi c e rs ; a n d fro m

or

t h t t i m t hi T m h b ee u s e d i S
a e s er t as n n a ense c o n s e c ra e d to t he F ed e r al
R i te f R e l i gi
s o An E p i t i f t he Th i r t y i e A t i cl e
on
”
e tc by x os on o -n n r s,
”
.
,

Bi h p Bs o t MDC XC I X p u rn e , , .

It i i t t i g t c om p a e t h n ci e t f m f ju d i c i l p c d i g
s n ere s n o r e a n or o a ro ee n

c ll d
a e ct i S c m t i “
a M S d o w it a l tit ra f j u ti i
en .
”
r . an ars r es ns . o s n an,
”

I t d p l
n ro F i fth E d )
. . Th m t c i e t d m t i mp t t f t h
x. . e os an n an os or a n o e

a ct i f l w t h e aot i
on s o m ti b i g b f e
a , i th m t m k d o s a cr a en ,
r n s e or us, n e os ar e

m t he d l i g h t i
a n n e r, p p e l t th te l
e e d t hen f a a s o e ex rn a s ens s, an use o

s y m b l i c l ct o cti d by l
a
g u g
a d p
s , s an i v i t h m lv one on sa e an ex re s s e n e se es ,

w hi ch b e l g t t he a ly t i m on f o m s y ti o It w igi
e ll y r es o s an na on s . as or na

th e ly f m f a c t i ;
on d e v e y pe c i e s o f i ght c l d b
or o on f ce d an r s r ou e e n or
”
b y it .

a Sa cr a m e n to aw a y t he i m p e n i t e n t fro m t he
r c e t,
”
e tc .
,
he d r i v e th a

Sa c ra m e n t h e l e a v e t h h y p o c r i t e s t o t he i r o wn c o n s c i e n c e ( 7 a n u a ) ”
.

i n S t i t u i t wa p édwxw b Kbp wg r 5 éxxhna i q br o ii ( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e

'
a

c hi s m) .

Du p o r t ha s w ro t e for Du r e l s i n s ti tu i t
’
Pe tle y h a s xa r éo ma e .

ins i tt uir
”
h w o e v e r i s a t ru e p e rfe c s ee t n o e ont s in t ”
b el o w .

E Da n i e l s a y s t he q u e s t i o n i s n o t H o w m a n y S a c r a m e n t s a r e
“
Re v . .
,

t he r e b u t H o w m a n y S a c r a m e n t s ha t h C/zr i s t or d a i n ed i n H i s C hu rch ?
? ”

B u t i s i t n o t t he s a m e t h i n g ? W ho e l s e h a s po w e r ?
D u 0 t a n t ii m No w e ll s Sm a l l C a t e c hi s m h a s s i m ply, Du o B a p ti s ’

m u m (s i c, b u t a c omm a i n 1 6 3 3 ) 6 Coen a m Dom i n i

. Abo (s i c i n b o t h °
.

e d i t i on s ) 7 6 fld m mp a , rea l 7 6 K v p ra xi w ( xv p ra x cw, 1 6 3 3 ) d ei 1rv ov Du po rt h a s

‘

,
.
,

A bw p é v o v , ( in; wr np i a v d v a y xa i a , B d rr n a y a d rn r o v , xa i Aei m l o v
'

xa 96hov «p 69 o
'

7 6 Kv p ta x év . Pe tle y b e fo r e h i m h a d p r ec i s e ly t h e s a m e , o n ly B a rrr wp bv .

Ha r w ood h a s the s ame as Du r e l, b u t s un t ,

”
n ot sin t ”
,
and ad

s a lu t e m c o n s e q u e n d a m c o m e s aft e r “
qu a e qu i d e m .
”
T hi s ch a n ge occ u r s
a sol i n Pa r s e ll
t a n ti i m one y s t he a n s w e r i s n o t
ly
Ya n u a
,
”
. Rev . E . Dan i e l sa ,
“

T wo o n ly b u t ,
‘
Two o n ly a s
ge n e r a lly n e c e s s a r y t o Thi s
O pe n s t he d o o r fo r t h e o t h e r S a c ra m e n t s o f R o m e B u t Du r e l s v e r s i o n ’
.

g i v e s t he s i m pl e a n s w e r T wo o n ly a n d t he n a d d s
” “ ”
t o b e i n d ee d e tc , , , .
,

s ho wi ng t he i r use .

i n ge n e r e De E thi c a i n ge n e r e .
”
O f m o r a l l Phi l o s o p hy [or d er
i ng o f m a n ner s ] i n ge n er a l l
”
So t oo i n t he s a m e b o ok De ,
“
 TH E CA TE CH I S M . 13 9

n e c es s ar i a s in t ad s a lu t e m c ou se n ec ess a r y t
t o a t a i n i n g sa fe t y t o wi t ,

q u en d a m , pc n em B a p t i s mu m B ap is m t (t he) Lo r d
‘

s Su pp e r .

C o e n a m Dom i n i .

M e c ha n i c i s i n ge n e r e Of H a n d y c f T r a d e s i n g e n e ra ll
. So i n - ra t .
”

Ce n i n i, t ”
t
Di s p u S c o la s t, To m Se c MDC XXX X , we h a v e
. De S a c . . I .

ra ni en ti s i n ge n e r e , i n S p e c i e d e B a p i s m o , C on fi rm a ti o n e , t
E u c ha r i St i a .

Thi s ex p r e s s i on
i n ge n er e i s u s e d i n E d s 1 6 80, 1 6 85 , 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , a n d .

1 7 03 o f Du r e l 15 0 i n Pa r s e ll , E d s 1 7 1 3 1 7 1 6 , 1 7 3 3 , 1 7 44
. .
, .

w
H a r o o d a l s o ha s “
i n g e n e re i n h i s p a s s a g e , a n d i n fa c t h e h o l e t t w
an s w
e r i s p r a c ti c a lly t h e s a m e a s Du r e l s i h t h e e x ce p i o n o f s u n
“ ” ’
wt t t
fo r “
s in t .
”

B a gs te r ( 1 82 1) ha s t h e Du r e l
same as .

M es s rs . B r i gh t a n d Me d d h a v e
“
Du o t t a n u m v e lu t ad s a lu t e m ge n e
r a li t e r n e c e s s a r i a B a p t i s m u m e t C ce n a m Do m i n i ca m
”
,
.
”

Du r e l s v e r s i o n s h o w s t h a t g e n e r a ll y n e c e s s a r y ” i n t he E n g l i s h Ve r
’

s i on m ea n s n e c e s s a r y i n g e e ra l
“
n
”
I t ha s o f l a t e b e e n a s s e r t e d t h a t .

ge n e r a lly m e a n s u n i v e rs a lly b u t we s ha l l s upp o r t Du r e l s r e n d e r

’

i n g i n ge n e r e i e i n ge n e r a l b y c e r t a i n p o i n t s w h i ch w i ll we t r u s t
“ ” “ ”
,
. .
, , , ,

s h o w t ha t g e n e r a lly h e r e wa s n e v e r c on c e i v e d a t t he t i m e o f t h e La s t
“ ”

R e v i s i on t o h a v e a n y o t he r m e a n i n g t h a n o n the w h o le
”
or under
“
,

o r d i n a r y c i rcu m s t a n c e s or t h e l i k e Th e c o n t r o v e r s y i s o f t h e h i g he s t
”
,
.

i m p o r t a n c e a s m a y b e s e e n fr om Dr H a rr i s o n s l e tt e r g i v e n i n A p p I
, .
’
. .

W e s h a ll p r o ce e d t o e x a m i n e fi rs t t he r e a s o n s why t h e t e r m g e n e ra lly , ,
”

i s us e d s e c o n d ly t h e v i e w t a k e n O f t h e s u bj e c t b y w r i t e r s o f t h e p e r i o d
,

t h i r d ly t he r e n d e ri n gs o f o t he r c on t e m p o r a r y v e rs i o n s a n d l a s t ly s ha ll
, ,

c r i t i c i z e t he a rgu m e n t s o f t h o s e who a s s e r t t ha t ge n er a lly m e a n s “ ”

u n i v e r s a lly a n d e n d e a v o u r t o s ho w t h a t t he s e n s e o f i n g e n er a l o r
,
” ” “
,

o n t he w h o l e i s a c o m m o n p e r h a p s t he m o s t c o m m o n m e a n i n g o f t h e
”
, , ,

w or d i n t he s e v e n t e e n t h c e n t u r y .

F i r s t ly t h e n why wa s t h e w o r d
, , g e n e r a lly i n t ro d uc e d ? Th e C h u r ch

o f E n g l a n d i n t e r p r e t s he r o wn Li t u r g y B e l o v e d y e h e a r i n t hi s G o s p e l ,

t h e e x p r e s s w o r d s o f o u r S a v i o u r C hr i s t t h a t e x c e p t a m a n b e b o r n o f ,

w a t e r a n d o f t h e S p i r i t h e c a n n o t e n t e r i n t o t he k i n gd o m o f G o d ,
.

W he r e b y y e m a y p e r c e i v e t he g r e a t n e c e s s i t y o f t hi s S a c r a m e n t w he r e ,

i t m a y b e h a d ( Pu b l i ck B a p t i s m o f s u ch a s a r e o f R i p e r Ye a r s ) Di le c t i
” “
.
,

a u d i t i s i n h o c E v a n ge l i o C h r i s t i S e rv a t o r i s n o s t r i e x p r e s s a v e rb a q u o d
, ,

n i s i q u i s r e n a t u s fu e r i t a u a S p i r i t u i n gr e d i n on p o t e s t i n r e g n u m
q , ,

c o e lo r u m e x q u i b u s p o t e s t i s i n t e lli g e r e q u a n t a s i t h uj u s Sa c r a m e n t i

n e ce s s i t a s u b i c o p i a i ll i n s c o n c e d i t u r ( Du r e l s v e rs i o n ) The wo r d s whe r e
” ’ “
.
,
”
i t m a y b e ha d u b i c o p i a i ll i n s c o n c e d i t ur e x p r es s a con d i ti on wh i c h
”
, ,
 1 40 TH E CA TE CH I S J I .

re n d e r s th e t
Sa c r a m e n s con d i ti on a lly — n o t abs o lu t e ly —
c e s s a ry a n d
ne , ,

t
i f con d i ti on a lly n e c e s s a r y, h e n “ g en e r a lly ,” or
“
in g en er a l n e ce s s a r y
”

t
a n d c e r a i n ly n o t
“
u n i v er s a ll
y
”
n ec e s s a r y . t h i g ee w i th t h
An d s a r s e

p a s s a ge w hi ch t he B a p t i s m S e rv i ce p r o c e s o u o : ed t q te
a H e t h t be “

li e v e t h a n d i s b a p t i z e d s ha ll b e s a v e d ; b u a e t he t h t b e l i v e t h
no s a t h ll
b e d a m n e d ” S t Ma r k (c ha p xv i 1 6 ) d o e s n o t a d d h e r e
. . . . a n d is n ot ,
“

b a p tized ”
, a s De an Alfo r d p o i n t s o u t : t he De a n t he r e u p o n r e m a r k s ,

o u r Lo r d d o e s n ot s e t fo r th he r e t he a bs o lu te b u t o n ly t he
g en e r a l ,

n e c e s s i t y O f B a p t i s m t o s a l v a t i o n a s t h e C h u r c h o f E n l a n d a l s o t e a c he s
, g .

B u t t h a t ge n e ra l n e c e s s i t y e x t e n d s t o a ll t o w ho m B a p t i s m i s a cce s s i b l e
e tc . In t hi s a n s w e r t he C h u r ch o f E n gl a n d i s g u a r d i n g a ga i n s t t wo
e rr or s o f t he R o m i s h C h u r ch F i r s t t he l a tt e r s a i d t h e r e w e r e s ev en
.
,

S a c r a m e n t s ( Co n c i l T r i d S e s s 7 Ca n
. . . o ur C a t e ch i s m s a y s
. . T wo ,

a S a c r a m e n t i s a s e n s ib l e
”
o n ly S e c o n d ly t he R o m i s h Ch u r ch s a y s “
.
, ,

t hi n g w h i ch b y t he i n s t i t u t i on o f G o d h a th a p o w e r as w e ll Of c a u s i n g a s
f s i g n i fy i n g ho l i n e s s an d r i h t e o u s n e s s
”
o
g ( C a t e ch R o m p a r 2 c a p 1 . . . . . .

t he S a c r a m e n t s c o n t a i n t he gr a c e w h i c h t he y s i gn i fy a n d
“
n .
,

c o n fe r gr a ce (ex o p e r e o pe ra t o ) b y th e w o r k i t s e l f u p o n s u ch a s d o n o t
O b s tr uc t i o n F o r t h e s e s e n s i b l e a n d n a t u ra l
” “
p u t a n
(Con cil .

t h i n g s w o r k b y t he alm i gh t y p o w er o f Go d i n t he s a c r a m e n t s w ha t the y
c o u l d n o t d o b y t h e i r o wn p o w er ( C a t e c h R o m ) n o w o n t h i s s y s t e m
”
. .

o f t he S a c r a m e n t s ca us i n con ta i n i n g a n d conf er r i n g gr a c e t h e S a c r a
g , , ,

m e n t s w e r e o f c o u r s e n e ce s s a r y s i m ply a n d a b s o lu t e ly b u t t h e C h u r ch
,

o f E n gl a n d
gu a r d s a ga i n s t t h i s b y s a y i n g t h a t t he y a r e g e n e r a lly n e c e s
s a ry t hu s q u a lify i ng the n eces s i ty t o a ll o w o f s uc h a co n d i t i on a s w he r e
”
,
“

t h e y m a y b e ha d ”
.

S e c on d ly le t u s l o o k w h a t wa s t h e O p i n i o n 01 c o t e m p o r a r y w r i t e rs
,

u po n t h i s s u bj e c t B i s h o p S t illi n gfi e e t w r i t e s i n A R a t i o n a l Acco u n t o f “
.

t he G r o u n d s o f Pr o t e s t a n t R e l i g i o n p 5 6 1 Lo n d o n 1 66 5 An d w h a t
”
,
.
, ,

t he y s a y o f (d efe c t of) i n t en t i on i s m uch m o re t ru e o f B a p t i s m i t s e l f ; fo r

,

i n c as e i t ( t h e o m i s s i o n O f b a p t i s m ) b e n o t d o n e o u t o f c o n t e m p t I s a y
t ha t s um m u s S a ce r d o s s u p p leb i t (the H i gh Pri e s t w i ll s u p ply t ha t d e fe c t )
i t i s n o t t h e m e e r w a n t o f B a p t i s m w i ll d a m n t h e s o u l o f t he I n fa n t (a s ,

y o u s upp o s e ) w h e n y o u m a k e i t s o n e c e s s a ry t o u s e s u c h s h i ft s a s y o u
,

s p e a k o f t o s a ve t he s oul o f a d y i n g I n fa n t
”
T he B i s ho p o f Lo n d on s
’
.
, .
 TH E CA TE CH I S M .

bo h t . B e s id e s t he W or d A s ,
is as a tt W a ll b e tw i x t t he Sa cr a
Pa r i i o n ,

m en t s an d G e n e r a lly g i v i n g a ,
R e a s on w hy two S a cr a m e n t s a r e r e c e i v e d ,

t wo ts
'

and no m o re . Th e r e a re S a c ra m e n g en er a lly
as n e ces s a ry in a

S i gn i fi c a t i o n t ken
l a r ge m e a n i n g n o
a at ,
a n d t he s e t wo m o re b u t t wo ,
n o t s i m ply a n d a b s o lu t e ly n e c e s s a r y a s i f a C hr i s t i a n w e r e d a m n e d w i t h ,

o u t t he m ; b u t a s G e n e ra lly n e c e s s ar y t h a t i s w h e n t he y m a y b e h a d , ,

a cc o r d i n g t o C hr i s t s I n s t i t u t i o n
” ’
.

Ag a i n A r c hb i s h o p S e ck e r wh o wa s b o rn t o w a r d s t he cl o s e o f th e
, ,

s e v e n t e e n t h c e n t u ry w r i t e s i n h i s Le c t u r e s o n t he C a t e c h i s m v o l i i
”
. .
, ,

a n d e v e n t h e s e t wo o u r C hu r c h v e r y c ha r i t a b ly t e a c h e s u s n o t
“
p 222 z
.
,

t o l o o k u p o n a s i n d i s p e n s a b ly b u t a s g ene r a lly n eces s a ry ,

O u t o f w h i ch .

g e n e r a l n e c e s s i t y we a r e t o e xce p t t h o s e p a r t i cul a r c a s e s w h e r e b e l i e v e r s
, ,

i n C hr i s t e i t he r ha v e n o t t he m e a n s o f p e rfo r m i n g t he i r d u t y i n r es p e c t
,

t o t he S a c ra m e n t s o r a r e i n n o c e n t ly i gn o r a n t o f i t o r e v e n e x c u s a b ly
, ,

m i s ta ke n a b ou t i t H i s co t e m p o r a r y J ohn W e s l e y s a y s t h a t B a p t i s m
.
”

“
wa s i n t e n d e d t o la s t a s l o n g a s t he c h u r c h i n t o w h i ch i t i s t he a p p o i n t e d
m e an s of e n e r in g t . In t he o r d i n a ry wa y t he r e i s no o th er m e an s of

t
e n e ri n g in t o t he c hu r c h or in t o he a v e n ”
( v ol . xi i i . p . an d a ga i n ,

If o u twa r d b a p t i s m b e ge n e r a lly ,
in a n or d in a r y wa y ne ce s s a r y to s a lva
ti on,
”
e tc ( p
. . So ,
t o o, t he Rev . J a m es S t i lli n gflee t, a d e s ce n d a n t
of B i s ho p S t illi n g fle e t a n d t he i n i m a e fr i e n d o f o s e p h Mi l n e r , t he t t J
t
C hu r c h hi s o r i a n , r i e s : Q “
w t
W hy d o y o u e rm he m ge n e r a lly n e ce s
. t t
s a ry ?
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A t
B e ca u s e C h r i s h a s a pp o i n ed h e m t o b e o b s e r v e d b y a ll
. t t
who a re n o t p p o r t u n i t y o f r e c e i v i n g t he m
d e p ri ve d of t he o .
”

S o t ha t we s e e t h a t fr o m 1 606 t wo y e a r s a ft e r t he p a s s a ge c o n t a i n i n g ,

ge n e r a lly n e c e s s a r y wa s fi r s t i n t ro d u c e d i n t o t he C a t e c h i s m t h r o u g h
”
,

t he p e r i o d o f t he La s t R e v i s i o n a n d t hr o u gh t he n e x t c e n t u ry g e n e ra lly
“
, ,

n e c e s s a ry wa s he l d t o m e a n n e ce s s a r y i n g e n e r a l ; a n d m o r e o v e r
” ” “

t ha t t h i s a cc o r d e d w i t h t he v i e w s o f Di v i n e s o f t he p e r i o d who r ega r d e d
t he S a c r a m e n t s a s n e ce s s a r y b u t n o t s i m ply a b s o l u t e ly o r u n i v e r s a lly s o
, , ,
.

In t he t h i r d pl a c e we m u s t e x a m i n e c o n t e m p o r a r y v e rs i on s
,
The .

W e l s h Pra y e r B oo k o f 1 66 4 ha s Da u y n u n i g m e g i s yn g y flre d i n o l
‘
“

a n ghe n r ha i d i J e c hy d wr i a e t h s e f B e d y d d a S wp p e r y r Ar glwy d d , ,
It , ,
.
”

i s n o t a l i tt l e r e m a r k ab l e t ha t t he w o r d u s e d for g e n e ra lly i s gy flr e d
”
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“
 TH E CA TE CH IS M 1 43

i n o l,
”
w hi ch i s t he ad ve rb i a l fo rm of gy ffr e d i n , the a d j e c i v e u s e d for
“ ”
t
C o mm o n t t l f th B k”
i n t he i e o e oo o f C o m m on Pr a y e r , Lly fr G we d d i
G y ff d i re S t h t t he W l h P y e B
n .
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k t ke
o
g e lly t m
a e s ra r oo a s en ra o ea n

c mm ly w hi c h i t i l l the d i y ”
f g y fi d i l A W l h ”
‘

o on , e s s or n ar s en s o re no . e s

l gy m w i t t s T h e pl
c er an rti i es f t he t w W e l h C t
o u ,
“
e x an a on n on e o o s a e

c hi m s t he C mm e t i e s
s, or ra t h e C t e chi m i
r o i o S d y n ar on a s ,
n use n ur un a

h l i oth ec e y i
‘
sc oo sg lly s t i di p bly i
en e r a th ,
no n s en s a n e e r,
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n ssar n

ev y i t c e w here t he y m y b h d
er n s an a e a .

P t le y ed D p o t b t h h v Aim p o
an dg eék
u wp bg
r mp f o a e ; i /0v , i xa ov o u' a v

d y t
i ra m ix
xa T hi a p p e
a
,
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. pp t t he v i w
s ars a rs s ,
r a s, o su or e

o f th wh h l d t h t g e lly i e qu i v l t t
os e o o i ve ally ch en ra
”
s a en o
“
un rs a su ,

h we v e i s
o t ct
r, lly t he c a no a ua se .

U s ed a s a n a d v erb a ék o v m e a n s on th e whole, i n g en er a l .
”
Th e s e
a re t he o n ly t wo s en s e s of i ts ad v e rb i a l use g i v e n b y Li d d e ll a n d S c o tt
( fo u rt h ed t
i i o n ) , who fu rt h e r e ll u s t th t a it is “
fo r xa G 3 Xo v, a s i t i s
’

w i ttr ent t Ph i l i pp a p D m 2 5 1
i n a u h o r s b e fo r e A r i s (e g Th . . . . . e . . e

b t t i v e p h e 6 96)\ i ft e t l t d th e u i v e l i “ ”
su s an ra s 7 xa ov s o n ra n s a e n rs a n

L gi l w k s
o ca m e t i m e p e h p s i gh t ly b t m e ft
or ,
so i ccu t ly s r a r ,
u or o en na ra e

i t w i ll b w ll t he fo e t o s e w h t e A i t tl d fi iti f ’
e as e ,
re r , e a ar r s o e s e n on s o

ra 96) i i t l gic l u
\ ov n F i t w i th
s g d t t m h
o a y Xéy w 6t
s es . rs ,
re ar o er s, e sa s,

é1r i «Mui r/u m 7 r é¢ (d e

’
a ok o u ,u év ii v xe xa r ny o
p ei a Ga c, ra Q ex a a r ov 5 35 3 p i) ,
In t e r p . c .
7, p m e a n b y xa GtD
. 17 , ‘ ovaha s o c on
“
I w t ha s b e en
tt t
s i u e d n a u ra ll y t t t
ha i t c a n b e p r e d i c a ed of a g r e a er n u m b e r ( d e
“
t t
”
pl u r i b u s , T r e n d e l e n b u r g) , a n d b y s i n gul a r ha hi c h ha s n o t Se c o n d ly ,
”
t tw .

w i th r e ga r d to p ro p os i t i on s he w it r es , Aéy w 6% xa eoxov y um 1 6
‘

ar m /r t ma y ;
'

tn r ci
p xu v i v p ép u 5 % 7 6 r wi , ( An a l .
pr . I . I . p . 24, a his m ea n s t
th t a by xa 96xov b e d e n o ted a g e n er a l p r o p o s on iti (a ll A i s B , o r n o A i s
B ), pp os e d t o p a rt i c u l a r
as o t t co m p a r e w i t h t h i s p r o p o s i i on s We mus .

a n o t h e r p a s s a ge ( T o p I 1 2 p 1 05 w h e r e Ar i s t o t l e i s d e fi n i n g
. .
,
.
,
a

I n d u c t i o n a s d m) ru3 v x 9 g o r ov ém r d 96k v { (p odog t he i ll u s t r a t i o n a

’
ra
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xa o

h e gi v e s he r e i s a s fo ll o w s i f t he p i l o t who p o s s e s s e s k n o w l e d ge i s t he —

b e s t a n d i f t h e s a m e i s t h e c a s e w i t h t h e c h a r i o t e e r t h e n o n t he w h o l e
, ,

( m i fix g) he who h a s k n o w l e d ge u p o n e a ch s u b j e c t i s t he b e s t The s e
in .

I n d uc t i on s a r e a rr i v e d a t a cc o r d i n g t o Ar i s t o t l e s o m et i m e s a a m i v m, ,
t v
,
 TH E CA TE CH IS J I .

s om e t i me s 6 1d «Au d m , o r (3 131 «on e » i/ \Ve fe a r h a t he ord un i

. t t w “

ve rs a l ”
is u s e d m o r e l o o s e ly b y l o g i c i a n s h a n i t i s i n o r d i n a r y l a n gu age t .

T he r e i s a rea l and im p or a n d is in c ion b et t teen tw“

u n i v e r s al
”
an d t
p r o p os i t i o n s T h t M J S Mi ll cl
e a r ly a p p r e h e n d e d t h i s
”
ge n e r a l
“
a r . . . .

t t o n e p a s s a ge
d i s i n c i on su o s o : w i ll ffi c e t h w It
i s o f i m p o r t a n ce t o “

r e m a r k t ha t w h e n a s e qu e n c e o f p h e n o m e n a i s t hu s r e s o lv e d i n t o o t h e r
,

l a w s t he y a r e a l w a y s l a w s m o r e g e n e ra l t ha n i t s e l f
, No t o n ly a r e .

t h e l a w s o f m o r e i mm e d i a t e s e q u e n c e i n t o w h i ch t he la w o f a r e m o t e
s e qu e n c e i s r e s o lv e d l a w s o f g r e a t e r g e n e r a l i t y t ha n t h a t la w i s b u t ( a s
, ,

a c o n s e q u e n c e o f o r r a t he r a s i m pl i e d i n t h e i r g r e a t e r ge n e r a l i t y ) t he y
,

a r e m o r e t o b e r e l i e d o n ; t he r e a r e fe w e r c h a n c e s o f t h e i r b e i n g ult i

m a t e ly fo u n d n o t t o b e u n i v e r s a lly t r u e ( Log i c B k I I I ch x i i § 4 ”
, . . . . ~

E i gh t h e d i t i on ) G e n e ra l p r o p o s i t i on s a d m i t o f d e gr ee s o f t r u t h ; e v e n
.

a ll m e n a r e m or t a l i s n o t a u n i ve r s a l t ru t h i f we l o o k b u t a t t h e ca s e
”
,

o f E n o c h : b u t a u n i v e r s a l p r o p os i t i o n s u c h a s t h e La w o f U n i v e r s a l ,

C a u s a t i o n e n u n c i a t e s a t ru t h c o e x t e n s i v e w i t h h u m a n e x p e r i e n c e
,
Ke e p .

i n g t h i s d i s t i n c t i o n i n m i n d r d m edi a n i n Ar i s t o t l e s ho u l d b e a t a ll e v e n t s
, ,

fo r t he m o s t p a r t t ra n s l a t e d b y ge n e r a l n o t u n i v e r s a l p r o p o s i t i o n s
, , ,
.

T h i s l o g i c a l a n d s u b s t a n t i v a l u s e i s h o w e v e r r a t he r b e s i d e o u r s u b j e c t , ,

we w i ll r e v e r t t o t he m e a n i n g o f xa eéx w he n e m pl o y e d as i n t he Ca t e ov
,

c h i s m i n a n a d v e rb i a l fo r m A fe w p a s s a ge s fr o m t he E t h i c s o f A r i s t o t l e
.

w i l l s u ffi ce t o s ho w t he s or t o f m e a n i n g w hi ch h e a tt a ched t o t he w o r d .

Q éo 3 7 1 di g (i t ? op d bép wv i( t, ( E th i v 6 6 )
'

xa
p i ll ei p nr m rj a u
,
c vai g L i nk . . . .

We ha v e s a id t t
g e n e r a l ly ha (t he go o d m a n ) i ll a s s o c i a e w t w i th p e op l e
as he ough t , b u t we m a y a d d ”
ha , e t c ( S i r A G r a n t t . . t t ’
s ran s l in .

t
n o e on p a s s a ge ) . xa 96k ov p i i ! n) arro Eo r éov , éd v (3 w
i m pn
’ ’

tv
y, r an k .

( E th . ix . 2 .
“
as a g e n e ra l ru e l t he d e b s ho u l d b et re pa id ,
b u t i f t he
g i v i n g ( to s o m e o n e e l s e) p r e p o n d e r a e s t i n m o ra l gl o r y , or i n t he u rge n cy
o f t h e c a s e (o v e r r e p a y i n g) , o n e m u s i n cl i n e t o t t hi s ”
( S i r A G ra n t s .
’

t ra n s l . in no e t ) . xu OéXov p év 7 61p “ l; m p ér r o v r t o
q bép u fio v xfa xa i wm
'

c
'

a,

6 i o wg ( E t h x 9, 1 5) A s a ge n e ra l r u l e , a fe v e r m u s t b e t r ea t e d
“
’ '

r tv i o ; i . .

b y r e p o s e a n d lo w d i e t , b u t s t i ll t o t hi s m le t he r e m a y n o n e t he l e s s b e
i n d i v id u a l e x c e p t i o n s ( W i ll i a m s
”
All
’
Cf E t h i 1 1 2 , e t c . . . . .

t he se p a s s a ges s h ow t h a t xa Géo m ea n s a s a r u e, l ”
or
“
on t he w ho l e ,
”
 1 46 TH E CA TE CH IS " .

an d LX X . v e rs i on s of thes e
p a s s a ge s o n ly t e n d t o the co n clu s i o n t h a t
t he w o r d ge n e r a lly i n t he E n gl i s h V e rs i on h a s n o equ i v a l e n t i n t h e
”

o r i gi n a l. I n d e e d i n Co v e r d a le s B i b l e we fi n d s i m p ly t ha t t h o u ga t he r
’ “

t oge t he r a ll I s ra e l a n d up on a ll the ho u s e s t o p p e s a n d t he p r ob a b i l i t y
” “
,
”

i s t ha t t he t r a n s l a t or s o f t he Au t ho r i z e d V e r s i o n o f 1 6 1 1 a d d e d t h e w o r d
b e c a u s e a ll I s ra e l w o ul d n ot b e ga t he r ed
”
g e n e r a lly t o q u a lify
“ “ ”
a ll , ,

b u t o n ly t he m a l es a b o v e t he a ge o f tw e n t y y e a r s ; a n d s o t o o l a m e n
t a t i o n w o u l d h a r d ly b e m a d e u p o n a ll t he h o u s e t o p s o f Moa b w i t hou t a
s i n g l e e xc e p t i o n .

Mr B lu n t fu r t he r s a y s The r e a r e p rob a b ly n o i n s t a n ce s t o b e fo u n d
.
,

o f a n y wri t e r i n t h e s i x t ee n t h or s e v e n t ee n t h c e n t u r i e s who u s e d t he

w or d ge n e r a lly o the r w i s e t ha n w i th t he m e a n i n g u n i v e r s a lly ; a n d

‘ ’ ‘ ’

s u c h i s i t s m e a n i n g i n t hi s pl a c e Mr B l u n t he re l a b o u r e d u n d e r a
.
”
.

c o m pl e t e m i s a pp re he n s i o n Tha t ge n e r a lly wa s t h e n u s e d p r e ci s e ly
”
.
“

i n i t s p r e s e n t s en se o f c o m m on ly o r i n ge n e r a l a n d t h a t t o o i n t h i s
”
,
“
,
”

v e r y p a s s a ge i s s u ffic i e n t ly p r o v e d b y t he qu o t a t i o n s gi v e n a b o v e fr o m
,

w ri t e r s o f the s e ve n t e e n th ce n t u r y e g H u tt on ( 1 606 t wo y e a r s a ft e r t he . .
,

i n t r o d uc t i o n o f t h i s a n s w e r ) w ri t e s o n t h i s v e r y p a s s a g e t h a t t he S a c ra
m e n t s a r e n o t s i m ply a n d a b s o l u t e ly n e c e s s a r y a s i f a C hr i s t i a n w e r e
“
,

d a m n e d w i t h o u t t he m ; b u t a s Ge n e r a lly n e c e s s a r y t ha t i s w he n t h e y , ,

m a y b e ha d a cco r d i n g t o C hr i s t s I n s t i t u t i o n F o r o t he r i n s t a n c e s o f
’
.
”

ge n e ra l ly a n d c o gn a t e w o r d s i n t h e i r p r e s e n t s e n s e s e e
“ ”
the u s e o f ,

A pp e n d i x H .

T he R e v E Da n i e l M A Pr i n c i p a l o f S t J o h n s C o ll e g e B a tt e r s e a
'

. . . .
,
.
, , ,

i n hi s w o r k T he Pr a y e r B oo k
,
i t s H i s t o r y La n g u a ge a n d C o n t e n t s , , ,
”

w ri te s thu s ha s n o w t h e fo r c e o f i n m os t ca s es In Old .

E n g l i s h i t i s u s e d i n i t s l i t e ra l s e n s e o f u n i v er s a lly H e t he n q u o t e s t he ”
.

t wo p a s s a ge s ( 2 S a m x v i i 1 1 we p r e s u m e . . x vi i s m e a n t fo r x v i i a n d
,
“
.
,

J e r . x lv i i i. a n d h e a d d s E s t h xv 1 0 A p oc T h o u s ha l t n o t d i e
. .
,
.
,
“

t hou gh o u r c om m a n d m e n t b e g en er a l ( w h e r e b y t he b y t he w o rd i n
”
,

t he LX X i s x owbv.
, H e t he n q u o t e s A rt X VI I We m us t . .

r e c e i v e G o d s p r o m i s e s i n s u c h w i s e a s t he y a r e ge n e r a lly s e t fo r t h
’
ut

n o b i s i n s a c r i s li t e r i s g e n e r a l i t e r p r o p o s i t a e s u n t )
”
b u t ge n e r a lly s e t
“

fo r t h i s h e re o p p o s e d t o fu r t h e r o n i n the Ar t i cl e
”
e x p r e s s ly d e cl a r e d
“
,
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 1 47

ge n e r a l i te
p r o p o s i a e t o d i s e r e r e v e la t a m
r
"

t ”
t
t he d i s t i n c i on i s b e t
tw e e n p r om i s e s m a d e g e n e r a lly , i n g e n e r a l e r m s , a n d t h e W i ll o f G o d t
e x p r e s s ly , s p e c i fi c a lly , a n d p o s i i v e ly e n j o i n e d t
i f the p r o m i s e s a re uni

zrer s a lly s e t fo r h,
' ”
t
ha i s t he O pp os i i on t o w t exp r es s ly d e c l a r e d ,
”
hic h t w
i s s a i d o f G od s
’
il l ? w
Mr . Da n i e l t he n q uote s T he Gen er a l C o n fe s s i o n , i
’
. e .
, t he C o nf e s s i o n
to be us ed by a ll . T he Gen er a l T h a n k s g i v i n g, i ’
. e , t he T ha n k s g i v i n g
th t a may be us e d on a ll o cca s i o n s , as t
d i s i n gu i s h e d fr o m t h e S p e c i a l
T h a n k s g i v i n gs i n t e n d ed to be u s ed on t
p a r i cul a r o cca s i on s ”
W i h re . t
g a r d t o t h e s e c o n d , Du r e l h a s G r a t i a r u m Ac i o G e n e r a l i s t ”
fo r t h e
h e a d i n g, a n d t he p a r e n h e s i s i s t (e r ga m a x i m e, q u i j a m l a u d e s e t
eos

t
gr a t i a r u m a c i o n e s s ua s , e tc t
i n t he p a r e n h e s i s t h e b e n e fi s a r e p a r t i c u t
la r i z e d , i n t he p r a ye r i s e l f, a s t i n t h e h e a d i n g, t h e b e n e fi s a r e gen e ra l i z e d , t
c o m m e n c i n g w i t h t he fa c t o f c r e a t i o n e n d i n g w i t h the h o p e o f g l o r y a n d , ,

s w e e p i n g t hr o u gh t h e s p a c e b e tw e e n t h i s i s t he m e a n i n g o f G e n e r a l “

Tha n k s g i v i n g W i t h r eg a r d t o t he fi r s t The G e n e r a l C on fe s s i o n i t
.
”
,
“
,
”

i s s o c a ll e d b e c a u s e i t i s ( t o u s e Mr Da n i e l s o wn w or d s ) A c on fe s s i o n .
’

o f s i n s i n ge n e r a l t e r m s .

Mr Da n i e l t h e n q u o t e s Mr B l u n t s O p i n i on t ha t w r i t e r s o f the s i x t e e n t h
. .
’

a n d s e v e n t e e n t h c e n t u r y o n ly u s e d
ge n e r a lly i n t h e s e n s e o f un i ver
“

s a lly a n u n fo r t u n a t e s t a t e m e n t w h i c h we h a v e s h o w n t o b e a l t o ge t h e r

w i t h ou t fo u n d a t i on H e als o qu o t es J o h n i i i 5 a n d J ohn v i 53 t o p r o v e
. . .

t he u n i v e r s a l n e c e s s i t y o f t h e S a c r a m e n t s b u t t h e fo r m e r p r o b a b l y r e fe r s ,

t o E z e k x xx v i 2 5 2 7 a n d n o t t o B a p t i s m a t a ll a n d b o t h w e r e u tt e r e d
. .
-
, ,

b e for e e i t he r o f the S a c r a m e n t s w e r e i n s t i t u t e d b y Chr i s t .

s i n t : n ot sun t qu a e s i n t i s w hi ch m a y b e or t o b e a s
” “ ”
—
” “ “
, ,

ut ea s i n t w oul d m e a n In s p i t e o f t he a or i s t s i n th e G r e e k v e r s i o n s
.
,

i n s t i t u i t m u s t b e a t r u e p e r fe c t e l s e b y th e r ul e s o f s e qu e n c e o f t e n s e s
”
,

s in t wou l d b e e s s e n t
” “ ”
.

E d s 1 6 85 1 6 87 a l s o h a v e s in t E d s 1 6 9 6 a n d 1 7 03 h a v e s un t
”
. . . .
,

J W Pa r k e r s Lib e r Pr e c u m e t c ha s s i n t s o ha s B a gs t e r
. .
’
,
”
.
,

i n b a p t i s t e r i o p r a e s en t i b u s s u s c ep to r i b u s b a p t i z a t
”
B ap ti smum “
,

ch r i s t en eth [ b a p t i z e t h] i n the f on t the Go {fa ther s bei ng p r es en t ,

t/

(7 a n n a ) .

Du p o r t B é am ojua h e r e a n d No w e ll a l s o Pe tley h a s B a rrr wp c w w h i ch

‘ '

, ,
.
,

m a s c u l i n e fo rm Dup or t a l s o u s e s fu r t h e r o n .

11
 TH E CA TE CH YS M
'
.

es ti on
Qu .

Q u id i n te lli gi s p er v oc em is t am W ha t d o yo u u n d e rs a n d t by th t a

Sac ram en t um w o rd o f y o u rs Sa c ra m e n t

C o en a m Do m i n i s a c ra m c oe n a m ,
” “
t he Lo r d
’
s S u p pe r
”

(7 a n u a ) No w e l l a l s o has s a c r a m C oe n a m i n t he La rg e C a t e c h i s m
.
”

C oe n a m Do m i n i , i n t he S m a ll F u r t he r o n h e ha s C oe n a Do m i n i c a
”
.

t
i n t he La rg e C a ec h i s m , a n d hi s o cc u r s a l s o i n t he S m a ll Me s s r s B ri g h
t . . t
a n d Me d d u s e t h e fo r m C oe n a Do m i n i c a h r o u gh o u t h e Ca e ch i s m t t t .

In h i s V o c a b u l a r y t o t h e La r ge C a e chi s m No e ll s a y s , C oe n a Do m i n i , t w
v e l Do m i n i c a , C o mm u n i o , E uc h a r i s t i a G r a e c e , La i n e gra t i a ru m a c i o
”
t t
gi v i n g o f h a n k s t
S ee n o e o n Q u a m ob r e m S a c ra m e n u m
”
t t .

Ti Sa r i p vo r fip wv
”
Q u id i n t e ll i g i s ? Q uid es t S a cr a m en t u m 9
.

( No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e chi s m )
’
.

Ti 001 fi o ék er cu r ti fifip a 7 013 7 0 Mvd r fip t o v ( Du po r t ) , .

Q u i d v i s p e r v oc e m i s t a m Sa c ra m e n t u m ( H a r w o o d , Pa r s e ll
“ ”
and

p r e vi o u s ly) .

Me s s r s . B ri gh t and Me d d h a v e v e r b a t i m t he s a m e a s Du r e l .

v o c e m i s t a m B a gs t e r ha s a c o m m a a ft e r i s t a m r b éfip a r o i r o
” '

. . r

( Du p o r t ) ; (3 770 19 ( Pe t le y ) .

T he fo ll o w i n g a n s w e r i s s t ri c t ly a d e fi n i t i o n o f th e wor d S a c ra m e n t
i t i s a s i gn ( 1 ) e xt e rn a l a n d v i s i b l e ( 2 ) o f a gr a c e ( 3 ) g i v e n u n t o u s ( 4) , , ,

i n s t i t u t e d b y Ch r i s t e t c T he n e x t qu e s t i o n a n d a n s w e r w h i c h fo l lo w
, .
,

t hi s, r e fe r to t he t h i ng
“
Q uot
p a r e s , e tc ?
: An d the a n s e r
sun t t ”
. w
t he re i s T wo , a s i gn a n d a gr a c e ; fo r t he thi ng ( a s d i s i n g u i s h e d fr o m t
t he mere n am e ) , t
t he r u e Sa c r a m e n , o n ly e x i s s t
h en t h e r ec i p i e n s d u ly t w t
re ce i v e it, and in su ch ca s e s t he re i s a n a cc o m p a n y i n g gr a ce .

E x te rn u m v i s i b i l e s i g n u m : E s t ex ter n n rn éir “ '

as p ecta hi /e
szgn u rn i n ter n a rn a r ca n d mou e s p i r i t u a lem g r a t i a m r ep r es en ta ns (s i c a n d
a ls o in h ip s o Chr i s t o i n s ti t u t n rn , zca n d u rn Di u i n a rn
'

16 3 a a d tes ti/ er g a

n os fl er eu n d ern Chr i s t u rrz S er u a tor ern , ben eu olen t i a rn a tq u e ben efi cen ti a rn

quo Dei ,or orn i s s i on es d e r em i s s i one p ecca tor u rn , a e t er n a s a lu t e p er
Chr i s t u rn d a t a , q u a s i con s i g n a n tu r . é ° ca r u m v er i tas i n cor d ihu s n os tr i s
( No w e l l t
”
c er t z ns , confi r m a t u r Sm a l l C a e chi s m
’
Ed 16 3 3 ha s n o
'

s .

co m m a a ft e r c e rt ius ) .

“
i bp a r t w (mus i c al , 3 5 12 5 095 1! i w jv xd p w r a p i d
‘

To Ka Ka sv
pa n n

ma w a i rr m! X wr o fi d i a r s r a y é v o v
(n o
'

in r p
'

7 0 el v a t 7 779
, p p 1:

7
7 01 «p eg i mfi g (i f X p wr o i} 7 013 a wr ijp o g ¢ 1Ao d w fa g r e x a i
p p ey a k o dw ,

i i i fi fi éw zk i w i d r a e wg ri
‘
a r u b v Ka i d i d lo v a mm i a g
'

p ag v a r o G eo a
yy a t e
p p p p p c
'

61d Xp wr oi ) doQ u a ng c i ov ei £1r w¢ p a y i l o vr m rea l i ) cik rj ti u a a fr n Twév r a i g xa p dfa t g

' ’ ' ‘

mt r ép a tg lv ép y éo r ep o v ( No well s S m a ll C a t e chi s m )
' ’
r fi efi a rofi r a r .
 TH E CA TE CH IS J I .

Rest on s i o .

Ex t e rn u m v i s i bi l e g si nu m in t e l I u n d e rs a n d t an ou tw ard v s ib ei l
l i go , in t ern a e ac s i r i t u a li s
p g ra i ae t ,
s i gn , o f a n i n w ar d an d s p i rit u a l fa v o u r ,

Th i s i s a lmos t w h olly t a ke n fr o m Pe rl e y ; t h e l a tt e r, h o w e v er ,
ha s
a c o mm a a f er t
{ o n} ; h e a l s o h a s in n ) r 013 X p wr oi} xa r a r a i p éo ov , n o t
v rb

ép y a v o v ; ém n zxwp w ; a n d fo r t he
'
l a s t cl a u s e ,
n a a xa r a
p fi oxrh £7r i n3

wp oa w p ofi a Q a c i ) i
'

a br rjv .

Me s s r s . B r i gh t an d Me d d g i v e a d i fi e r e n t v e r s i o n o f t he a n s we r fr o m
th ta of Du re l, t ho u gh t he i r v e r s i o n o f t he q u e s i on i s t he s a m e t . T he y
h a ve , In t e llig o s i gn u m e x e r n u m e t t v i s i b i l e gr a a e i n t e r n a e e t s p i ri tu a li s
ti
n o b i s c o lla t a e , a C hr i s t o i ps o i n s t i t u t u m t a n q u a m i n s t r u m e n t u m p e r qu o d
,

eam a cc i p im us , e t p i gn u s q u od e a m n o b i s c on fi r m e t .
”

E xtern um or ou t er
“
De . S ens i bu s ex ter n i s ,
”
O f th e ou tw a r d
”
Se n s e s ( 7 a n u a ) .

“
e x ter n u i n Nowell s S m a l l Ca e ch i s m
m ex er n a g oe s
’
i h te s t t wt
t i fi ca t io i n La rge a n d Mid dle C a e chi s m The G r e e k i n S m a l l a n d t .

Mid d l e i s r 6 EEwOs v , i n t he fo rm e r w i h (mus h y , i n t he l a e r i h p a p n rp wv t tt w t '

n ) i x r é g, Pe t le y a n d Du p o r No e ha t he G r e e k ha s t he a r i cl e t . t t t t .

vis ibi le v i s i b ili a ob e j cta ,

”
an yt hi n g s et b e fo r e t h e e ye
”
(7 a n u a ) .

v i s i b i l e i s a b e tt w
”
t er ord
a s p e c t a b i le w hi c h H a r w o o d
ha n No we ll s
’ “
,
”

fo ll o w s fo r t he l a tt e r c o m e s t o o n e a r t o t he i d e a o f t o b e g az e d u p o n
“ ”
,

w h i ch i s co n d em n e d b y Art i cl e X X V .

No w e ll s Sm a l l C a t e c h i s m h a s dp a r bv i n t he G r e e k a n d s o Pe tley a n d
’

Du p o rt i t i s t o b e r e m a r k e d t ha t i n t he G r e e k we h a v e b o t h o u tw a r d “ ”

an d v i s i b l e u n d e r t he v i n cul u m o f a co mm o n a rt i cl e
“
.

5 i gn u m s o No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e c h i s m a n d i n G r e ek a m i o w h ich i s
’
n n
,

a l s o Pe t le y s a n d Du p or t s w o r d h e r e F u r t he r o n i n t he n e x t a n s we r
’ ’
.
, ,

b o t h Pe tle y a n d Du p o r t h a v e o éy fi oxov .

i n te r n a e or
“
in n er .
”
Cf . n o e on t Q ua e n a m es t p a rs t
ex e rn a .

“
De Se n s i b u s i n t e r n i s , ”
Of t h e i n w a rd Se n s e s (7 a n u a ) .

i n ter n a rn a r c a n d rn ou e , No we ll s S ma ll C a
” ’
t e ch i sm and i n Gr e ek ,
j { 22 6099
r i v 1. r 719 Emu , Pe t le y a n d Dup o r t .

s piri tua lis ‘

p i r i t u a lern
s ,
”
an d rr
v a r tx r v i
”
( No we ll s
’
S m a ll C a te
chi s m ) t he la tt e i n t h e ge n i i v e
r, t ca s e ,
is t he w o rd i n Pe t le y and Du p o r t
he re , t o o,
“
in w a rd
”
and
“
s piri t ua l ”
ar e u nd er a c o m m on ar t i cl e , as

ou tw a rd v i s i b l e a b o ve
and
”
.

g r a t i a e No w e ll h as a s we h a v e s e e n g ra t ia m r e p r a e s e n t a n s r e p r e
, , ,

s e n t i n g a gr a c e o r fa v o u r ; a n d i n t h e G r e e k 25 xé p w Tr a p oma w w h i c h
'
'
c
,

s e t s a fa v o u r b e fo r e t he m i n d a n d xa p w w p zp p i v ov s h o w i n g o r i n ,
a a
,

d i c a t i n g a fa v ou r W h a t he m e a n s b y gra t i a m r e p r a e s e n ta n s i s cl e a r
.
”
 TH E CA TE CH I S M . 1 51

q u od n obi s d atu r, ab i p s o C hr is t o in
l w hi ch (s i gn ) i s gi v e n t o u s, hav i n g

fr o m h i s use of t he w o rd a l i tt l e fu r he rt on i n hi s La rge Ca t chi s m e

F irs t , as t he un cl e a n n e s s e s of t he bod y a re w as h e d a w y w i th w t e
a a r, s o

t he s p o ts of t he so ul a re w a s he d a w y by f
a or g i v e n e s s o f s i n s S e c o n d ly .
,

t he b eg i n n i n g o f r e ge n e r a ti on , t h t i t he
a s, m o r t i fy i n g o f o u r n a t u r e i s ,

ex p r e s s e d (e x p r i m i t u r ) b y d i pp i n g i n t he w a t e r or b y s p r i n kl i n g o f i t
,
.

F i n a lly w he n we b y a n d b y r i s e u p a ga i n
, o u t o f t h e w a t e r u n d e r w hi c h ,

we b e fo r a s ho r t t i m e t he n e w l i fe w hi c h , , i s t he o t h e r p a r t a n d t h e e n d ,

o f o u r r e ge n e r a t i o n i s t h e r e b y r e p r e s e n t e d No r t o n
’
,
—
s

Tr a n s l a t i on No w e ll u s e s .r e ra es en t a tu r
p
” “
,
th e r e for e , as p a r a ll e l t o
exp r i m i tur .

So s ign u m g ra i a e t is a s i gn o f, th t a is , p r e s en t i n g o r e x p re s
re

i ng g r a ce o r
a n o t a s i n o f, a s
g fa v o u r ; a n d i m ply i n g n e c e s s a r i ly t he
t
e x i s e n c e o f, t he g r a c e .

C o m p a r e A r c hb i s h o p S e e k e r s Le c u r e s o n t h e C a
’
t t e ch i sm . He c a ll s
a Sa c r a m e n t “
t he o u tw a rd an d v i s ib l e s ign ,
”
w h i ch “
m t us d en o t e s om e

F a v o u r fr e e ly b e s t w ed
o on us fr o m H e a v e n ; b y hi c h w our in w a rd an d
*
sp i r i t u a l c o n d i t i o n t he s t a t e , of o u r s ou l s , i s m a d e b e er tt ( v ol . ii . p .

“
A Sa c ra m e n t e x p r es s e s on H i s Pa r , s o m e G r a c et or F a v our t w o a rd s

a s a c ra m e n t i s a t t
”
S i gn o r R e p r e s e n a i on of s o m e he a v e n ly
“
us ,
and

F a v ou r (i b i d p . .

q u o d
b is d a u r n o t w hi h ( i g ) i g i v t
c s n q d m u t ef
s en o us .
” “
uo
"
s r er

s i gn u m , e l t i ve g ti e w m t h v
“ ”
fo r h a d t he f ed to
“
to r a r e er r ra a e us a e

ha d
“
q ua e ,
”
n ot q u od .
”
D el th ef
ur e tt l e
erth q t i w h t he
o re s s e u es on e r

given
”
wa s c on s i d e r e d a t th t i m e f t h L t R e v i i to f t
e o e as s on r e er o

s i gn
”
or to
“
gr a c e , n o r o u
”
c l d w h v w e i gh t i e v i d c e t h
e a hi
e r e en an s

au th i t ti ve
or t a e n un ci a i on Eds . . 1 6 80, 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , an d 1 7 03 a ll

ag e w i t h t he fi t E d
r e rs . of 16 7 0 in t hi s s e n en t ce .

I t i t hi g i i g f t h
s s v n o e s ign whi c h m a k e s the Sa c r a m e n t s to b e s om e

th i g t h t h
n bj e c t
o l e s s on s fr om m a t e r i a l t hi n g s The s i g n w hi ch
er an o .
,

s i g n i fi e s t h e fa v o u r i s g i v e n t o u s i n a cc o r d a n c e w i t h t h e i n s t i t u t i o n o f
,

Ch r i s t h i m s e l f ; a n d b y t h e w o r d s o f t he i n s t i t u t i on we l e a rn t he fa v o u r
o r g r a c e w hi c h i s d e n o t e d b y t h e s i gn .

C f E z ek x x 1 2
. Mo r eo v e r a l s o I ga v e t he m m y s a b b a t hs t o b e
. .
“
, ,

a s i g n b e tw e e n m e a n d t he m t h a t t h e y m i gh t k n o w t ha t I a m t h e Lor d ,

t ha t s a n c t i fy t he m O t he r s i gn s w er e g i v en t o Noa h a n d Ab ra ha m
”
.

t he R a i n b o w i n G e n i x 1 2 1 3 Ci r c u m c i s i o n i n G e n x v i i 1 1
,
. .In n o n e , ,
. . .

o f t h e s e wa s t he p r i v i l e ge o b j e c t i v e ly i n t he s i g n b u t i n a ll c a s e s t h e ,

fa v o u r wa s d e n o t e d b y t he w o r d s o f t h e i n s t i t u t i on S o w hen th e s a c r a .

m e n t a l s i g n s w h i ch d i ffer fr om t h es e a s o r d a i n e d b y C h r i s t h i m s e l f
—
1 52 TH E CA TE CH I S M .

si i tu tum , t an
q u a m m ed i u m q u o e a m be e n a pp o i n t ed b y C hr i s t hi ms e l f, as

rec i i
p mu s , a rr a b on e m a d n os d e e a if a me a n b y w hi ch we rec e i ve th t a

cer ost fac i e n d os .

( fav ou r) , a n ea r n e s tt o mak e us s u re

ab ou t th t a ( fa v o u r) .

a re g i v e n t o u s , i t i s fr o m t h e o r d s o f H i s I n s i u i on w tt t t h t we
a l e a rn t he

fa v ou r s i g n i fi e d b y he m t .

t t t
T hi s i n e r p r e a i o n o f Du r e l, h i ch m a k e s gi v e n w r e fe r to s i gn ,
a n d n ot g r a c e ( h i ch l a e r c o n s r uc i o n
to w tt t t w oul d i m ply t he i n v a ri a b l e
gif t o f g r a c e i n t h e S a c r a m e n s , i rr e s p e c i v e t t of o u r
“
w ly r e c e i v i n g
o rt hi

t he p p o r t e d b y t he p o i n t i n g o f t h e S e a l e d
is su B oo k s a n d o t h e r
e a r ly e d i t i o n s Th e y a r e p o i n t e d a s fo ll o w s I m e a n a n o u tw a r d a n d “
.

v i s i b l e s i gn o f a n i n w a r d a n d s p i r i t u a l gr a c e g i v e n u n t o u s o r d a i n e d
'

, ,

e tc . N o w t he w o r d s i gn i n t h e s e n t e n c e t h u s p o i n t e d i s u n d o u b t e d ly
,
”
,

t h e p r i n c i p a l wo r d o n w h i c h a ll t he o t h e r s h i n ge t ha t i s t o s a y t h e w o r d ,
“
s ig n i s t h e s i m pl e a n s w e r t o t he q u e s t i o n a n d a ll t h e o t he r s uc c e e d i n g ,

w o r d s a r e g r a m m a t i ca lly s p e a k i n g m e r e ly e x pl a n a t o r y o f t ha t t e r m
, ,
.

Pu t i n t o t h e fo r m o f q u e s t i on a n d a n s w e r t he s e n t e n c e w o u l d s t a n d
t hu s
W ha t s i gn ? 1 An o u tw a r d a n d v i s i b l e .

2 o f a n i n w a r d a n d s p i r i t u a l g ra c e
.

3 gi v e n u n t o u s a a s a m ea n s
4 o r d a i n e d b y C hr i s t h i m s e l f ; h a s a pl e d e
. .

.
g .

In o th er w or d s , s i gn j ct ; o u tw a r d
i s t he p r i n ci pa l
and ob e

v i s ib l e a r e a d je c t i v e s a tt r ib u t i v e t o t he p r i n c i p a l o bj e c t of a n

i n w a r d e t c i s a p r e p os i t i o n a l p h r a s e a tt ri b u t i v e t o t he p r i n c i p al o bj ec t
”
.
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g i ve n u n t o u s a n d o r d a i n ed a re p a r t i c i p i a l p hra s e s a t t r i b u
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.
,

t i ve t o t he p r i n c i p a l obj e c t No ( 1) d es c r i b e s t he s ign ( 2 ) g i v e s t he
. .
,

t hi n g s i gn i fi e d ( 3 ) r e fe rs t o t he F o r m a n d (4 ) s p e c i fi e s t he I n s t i t u t i o n
, ,
.

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”
it i s “
,

o v e r w he l m i n g I t i s fo u n d i n t h e b oo k a n n e x e d t o t he Ac t o f U n i fo rm i t y o f
.

Ch a r l e s Il ; t h i s b o o k wa s s i gn e d b y t h e C o n v o c a t i o n s o f t h e t wo Pr o v i n c e s
.
,

a n d i s n o w i n t h e Li b ra r y o f t h e H o u s e o f Lo r d s It i s als o i n t he Pra y e r .

B o o k o f 1 6 3 4 p r i n t e d b y R o b e r t B a r k e r K i n g s Pr i n t e r a n d t h e A s s i gn s o f
’
, , ,

J ohn B i ll i n w hi ch Dr Sa n c r oft c o p i e d t he s u gge s t i on s o f B i s ho p C o s i n

,
.
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a n d w h i c h i s s upp o s e d t o h a v e b e e n t he c o py l a i d b e fo r e C o n v o c a t i on

t hi s we h a v e e x a m i n e d i n t h e B o d l e i a n i t r e a d s I m ea n e a n ou tw a r d ,

a n d v i s i b l e S i gn e o f a n I n w a r d S p i r i t u a l ] gr a c e gi u e n v a t o v s o r d a i n e d
, , ,

b y C h ri s t hi m s elfe e t c T he c o m m a a l s o o ccu r s i n a P ra y e r B o o k o f
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.
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1 66 2 p r i n t e d b y J oh n F i e l d Pr i n t e r t o t he U n i v e rs i t y o f Ca m b r i d ge a n d
, , ,

i n o n e o f 1 66 3 p r i n t e d b y J o hn B i l l a n d C h ri s t o ph e r B a r k e r Ki n g s
’
, ,

Pr i n t e r s b o t h o f w h i c h b o o k s we h a v e e x a m i n e d i n t he B o d l e i a n
, I t is .
 TH E CA TE CH IS TL
’
I .

a g re e i n m a k in g g i ve n u n to
qu o d n ob i s d a tu r r e fe r to s i gn us, or ,
”
,
”

gr a c e Le t u s l oo k b r i e fly a t o t he r v e r s i o n s I t i s to b e
“ ”
a n d n ot t o . .

r e gr e tt e d t h a t h e r e we h a v e n o t t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f th e Pra y e r B o o k o f

Q u e e n E l i z a b e t h a n d t h a t p r i n t e d b y Va u t r o lli e r : o f c o u r s e t he p a r t o f
t h e C a t ec h i s m w h i ch r e l a t e s t o t h e S a c ra m e n t s wa s n o t i n t r od uc e d t i l l

In N o we ll s S m a ll C a t e ch i s m t he i m m e d i a t e fo re r u n n e r o f t h a t
’
1 6 04 .
,

o f 1 604 we fi n d s i m ply g ra t i a m r eflr es en ta ns a h zjos o Ch r i s to i n s t i t u

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, ,

a n d n o t h i n g t o i m ply a t a ll t h a t gr a c e i s i n e v i t a b ly a n d un i
” ”
tu m
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,

v e r s a lly g i v e n i n t he S a c r a m e n t F o r t he p a s s a ge i n full a n d a l s o t he .
,

r e a d i n g s o f hi s Lar ge a n d Mi d d l e C a t e c h i s m s a n d o f N o r t on s T r a n s la
’

t i o n o f t he fo rm e r s e e n o t e on E x t e r n u m v i s i b i l e s ign u m
,
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, .

H ar w oo d ( 1 7 8 5) i n d e e d ha s c o lla t a e n ob i s ,
”
an d Me s s r s . B r i gh t and

Me d d ha v e “
n ob i s c o lla t a e so too ha s B a gs t e r i n h i s E d . of 1 866

(
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B o ok of Co m m o n Pr a y e r i n E i gh t w he e s i h i r a n s fi rs t
E d i ion t ( 1 82 1 ) h e h e r e , a s a lm o s h r o u gh ou t t t f ll w D l d
,
o o s ure , an ha s
qu o d n ob i s d a tur . Th i s cha n g e is a t a ll e ven t w t hy f tt t i
s or o a en on .

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DO CTR I N A E T PO LI T I A E CC LE S I AE ANG LICA NAE by M k tt

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e xc e n s ar , u re s a o ,
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B dl i o Li b y At th e c m m c m t f t h b k we fi d t h e
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w d i m u c i p t : Th i v l m w i m m d i t ly ft e i t pub l i c
or s n an s r
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ti pub l i co E d i c t fl m m i
on ,
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e c , r
. o o s u re .

Tu i g o w t t h G e k v
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n W hi t k e
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ge i q e t i N w ll h i m ply 6 x pw w pi m w w h i ch ’

as s a n u s on o e as s
p . az a o o ,

et f v s b f t he m i d
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ou r e or e d 3( 6s p } n a a e s ,
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s o n or n a n a a our e a e s ,
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f e c t th gi v i g f g c P tl y h w v e h
'

re er n e o e x ip
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01 1g m i a d t h i i f ll w d b y Dup t
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s d m it h w t h t
s o o e or . s, e a , s o s a

d Dup t u d e t d b t it h w
”
gi ve
“ “ ”
P tl y e e an t ore fe t g c n rs o o n o r r o ra e, u s o s

e q lly t h t t h y d id
ua t t hi k
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en
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me t h d t h y t h gh t s
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 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 155

a o ri s t
p a r t i c i pl e p a s s i v e ; doO i mj g i m pl i e s t ha t the g ra ce i s a l r e a d y g i v e n
e

b e fo r e we c o m e t o t he S a c r a m e n t ; j us t a s i n No w e ll s S m a l l C a t e c h i s m ’

we h a v e d i df a wr n i g d d X wr o ii 5 09 107 19 No w e ll s La t i n fo r t h i s i s ’
'

ov a
p p i 5 .

d a ta a n d i t i s p os s i b l e t ha t t h e m e a n i n g we c a n a cc u ra t e ly fi x u p o n
,
”

Pe t le y s G r e e k wa s a l s o t ha t i n t e n d e d b y Mo c k e t t i n hi s ”
’ “
c o lla t a e ;

o n ly a s t he r e i s n o p r e s e n t p a s s i v e p a r t i c i pl e i n i t w o ul d ha v e
”
, c o n fe r r e ,

b e e n a d v i s a b l e t o ha v e c h o s e n a l e s s a m b i g u o u s t e rm o r e x p r e s s i o n
.

In .

ho w e v e r t he p r i v a t e O p i n i on o f Pe t le y a n d Du p or t c a n n o t
.

a n y ca s e , ,

b e s e t a ga i n s t t he cl e a r e x p r e s s i o n s o f t he E n gl i s h a n d La t i n Pr a y e r
.

B o o k s o f t h e r e i g n o f C h a r l e s II .

O n e m o r e v e rs i o n m u s t b e c o m p a r e d t he W e l s h Pr a y e r B o o k o f
i

C ha r l e s II LLY F R G we d d i G y fi r e d i n T h e c o py fro m w hi c h we ”
'

.
, etc ,
.

q u o t e i s i n t he B o d l e i a n T he I m p r i n t i s A B r i n t i wy d y n L lu n d a i n
.
,
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,

g a n S D ov er t r o s E d wa r d Ff o whs a P he tr B oa/v el
.
, MDC LX IV C u m . .

Th i s h a s be e n c o m p a r e d w i t h r e fe r e n ce t o i m p o r t a n t p a s
”
Pr i v i l e g i o .
,

s a ge s w i t h a c o py o f 1 6 7 7 i n t h e Li b r a r y o f t h e R e v J o hn Pr yc e M A
, .
,
. .
,

R e c t o r o f Tr e fd ra e t h In b o t h e d i t i o n s t he c o m m a ( w hi c h i s o m i tt e d i n
.

m o d e r n W e l s h Pr a y e r B o o k s ) i s e x a c t ly i n t he s a m e p o s i t i o n a s i n t h e
S e a l e d B o o k s t hu s a g r e e i n g a l s o w i t h Du r e l s v e r s i o n Yr W y fi y n
’
.
,

d d e a ll [ d e a ll i n E d A r wy d d g we le d i g Od d i a llan o r as y s p r y d o l
“
.
,

O d d i fe wn , a rod d i r i n i y r h wn a o rd e i n i o d d Cri s t ci
h u n , m e gi s m o d d
[n o 7 ] d d e r b y n y gr as h wn n w t r wy d d o , a c i fo d y n
”
i ui i “
i in E d . 16 7

wy s tl i
’
n s i c c r ha u n i O r g r as hwn n w
’ ”
T hi s i s l i . t
lly er a as fo ll o w s
“
I u n d e r s t a n d a S ig n v i s i b l e a n d o u tw a r d o f gr a c e n , s p iri tua l w i t hi ,

gi v e n t o u s w hi ch C hr i s t h i m s e l f o r d a i n e d a s a m ea n s fo r u s t o r e c e i v e
'

g ra c e t h r o u gh i t a n d t o b e a pl e d g e t o a s s u r e u s o f t h a t gr a c e
”
.
,

In c o n cl u s i o n we m a y c o m p a r e No w e ll s La r ge C a t e c hi s m cuj u s ’
,

n u n c m y s t e r i a n ob i s t r a d u n t u r w ho s e m y s t e r i e s a r e n o w d e l i v e r e d “

( No r t o n s Tr a n s l a t i o n ) W e m a y a l s o s upp o r t Du r e l s v i e w b y t he
” ’ ’
us .

fo ll o w i n g a r g u m e n t Th e d e fi n i t i o n a s i t s t a n d s i n D u r e l a n d i n t he
—
,

E n g l i s h b o o k s o f 1 66 2 r e fe r s t o t h e S i gn t he T h i n g s ign i fi e d t he F o rm
, , , ,

a n d the I n s t i t u t i on
” ”
gi v e n g r a ce t he F orm ”
r e fe rr e d t o
“ “
B ut if .
, ,

( a v e r y i m p o r t a n t fa c t or ) w o u l d b e e n t i r e ly o m i tt e d See n ot e b e l ow o n .

“
s ig n u m a u t for m a ,
W h e r e a s we o u gh t t o h a v e the F o r m i n t hi s
.
”
,
“ ” ‘
1 56 TH E CA TE CH I S M .

gen e r a l d e fi n i i o n o f the w o r d t
Sa c r a m e n , a s we h a v e i t i n th e d e a i l e d t t
t t
a cc o u n s o f b o h B a p i s m a n d t h e Lo r d s S u p e r
p t
In t he fo r m e r , t h e
’
.

w or d s q u a qu i s B a p t i s a tu r , 1n Norn zn e, e t c , a n d i n t h e l a e r , t h e o rd s
'

. tt w
q u a e Do m i n u s j us s it a c ci p i ,
”
t
b o h hi n t at t he F o rm or m od e of

g i v i ng , or a
pp r op r i a ti ng the Sign .

Cf .
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t
A Pr a c i c a l E x p o s i i on t of t he C hu r ch -C a te chi s m , by Ma tt he w
H ol e B D . . F e ll o w of E xe t er C o ll . i n O x fo r d . De d i c a t e d to Sir J oh n

Tre l a w n y B ar t . Lor d B i s ho p of W i n ch e s t e r , &c .

,
&c .
,
&c . Lo n d o n

Sev era l t hi n gs a re d e cl a r e d ne ce s s a ry to con s t i t u t e a Sa cra m en t . As ,

1 T he r e m u s tb e an o u tw a r d a n d v i s i b l e S i gn .

2 . An i nw da d ar n s p i r i t u a l G r a ce r e p r e s e n t e d b y it .

3 . I t m t b e gi v us e n o r a p p ly d to
’
us .

4 . I t mu t b d s e or a in d b y C hr i s h i m s e l f
’
t .

It m t b e d a i n d a s a Me a n s t o c o n v e y G r a c e
’

5 . us or .

6 . It m t b d us e or a i n d a s a Ple d
’
g o r E a r n e s t o a s s u re t us th e re o f .

H o le pl a i n s
3 r d h i n g hu s
ex t he t t
t
Ti s fu r h e r r e q u i r d t o a S a c r a m e n , h a
’
t t t i t b e g i v en to u s ; ha i s , t t
th ta i t b e d uly a d m i n i s e r d a n d a p p ly ’d t o u s
’
t . T o th e d u e a d m i n i s r a i o n t t
of i t ti s
’
ne ce s s a r y th t i t b
d o n e b y p r o p e r O ffic e r s , ha i s , b y Pe r s o n s
a e t t
d u ly q u a li fy d a n d a u t h o r i z d he re u n o
’ ’
i h o u whi ch t i s u e r ly v o i d t t wt t ’

tt
a n d o f n o n e e ffe c and t t
he r e fo r e a ll b a p i z i n g b y W o m e n o r Pe r s o n s t
t t
ha h a v e n o C o mm i s s i o n , i s n o b e e r h a n o r d i n a ry B a h i n g ; a n d t h e tt t t
Lo r d
’
s Su p p e r , wh en a d min is er t d by
’
uc h, i s n o s be tt er th an a Co m m on
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’
d as w e ll
a s a d m in i s e r t d to u s
’
fo r a s t he b es m e d i c i n e i s O f n o u s e , u n l e s s i t b e t
a p p ly
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d, so t
n e i he r c a n a Sa cr a m en b e o f a n y a v a i l i ho u a r i g h U s e t wt t t
and A p pl i ca i o n t of it .
”

Se e a so l The B a p i s m e t of C hr i s t Ma s t e r W i ll i a m C o w p e r
e tc . By ,

Mi n i s t e r of G o d s \Vo r d ( B i s h op of G a ll o w a y a n d De a n o f H i s Ma j e s t y s
,
’

C ha p e l R o y a l ) py o f t h i s w o r k i s i n o u r p o s s e s s i o n
. Lon d . A co .

e u e n a s t h e Lo r d I e s u s b
y c o n s e c ra t i n g b r e a d a n d w i n e w h i ch g r e w
,

i n Ca n a a n d i d t h e r e b y s a n c t i fi e a ll b r e a d a n d w i n e i n a n y p a r t o f t h e
, ,

w o r l d to b e a Sa c r a me n t o f hi s b od y a n d b l oo d i t b e i n g v s e d a c co rd i n g
, ,
 TH E CA TE CH IS AI .

Q w s ti o ,
Qu e s ti on .

Q uo t su n tp t a r es i n Sa c ra m en t o ? I H o w m an y p a rt s a re th e re in a

Sa c ra m e n ? t
Resp on s i o . An sw er
Du a e , ex er n u m t v i s i b i le s i gn u m , T wo , an o u tw a rd vi s i b l e s i gn , an

in t e rn a s
p i ri t u a li s g ra i a t . in w a rd s p i ri t u a l fa v o u r .

H a r oo d ha s w p i gn u s , a n d s o ha v e Me s s r s B r i gh a n d Me d d . t .

A r c hb i s ho p Se e k e r, r e fe rr i n g t o E d e n E l e m J u r C i v p 2 3 8, G r on o v . . . . . .

i n Pla n t R u d 5 3 2 1 , s a y s ,
. . . . Sa c ra m e n tum wa s , a m on g th e t
h e a he n s ,
t
p a r i c u l a r ly a ppl i e d t o d e n o e pl e d ge d e p o s i t e d i n a s a cr e d pl a c e t a .
”

e a : sc
g ra t i a F r o m Ar c h b i s h o p S e c k e r s Le c t u r e s o n t h e C a t e
’ “
. .

c hi s m we s e e t ha t t hi s gr a t i a o r fa v o u r o f w hi c h we a r e a s s u r e d “
,
“
,
”
,

wa s n o t s u c h a s t o b e o b j e c t i v e ly i n t he Sa c r a m e n t o r S i gn ; he w r i t e s ,

O u r s o u l s a r e p u r i fi e d fr o m S i n b y t he B a p t i s m Of R e p e n t a n c e ; a n d ,

s t r e n g t h e n e d i n a ll d e b p a r t a k i n g o f t ha t Me r c y w h i c h the
g o o n s s y ,

w o u n d i n g o f t he B o d y o f Chr i s t a n d the s he d d i n g o f hi s B loo d ha t h , ,

t
Ob a in e d for us .
”

ce r t Os c i e n d O s may a br fiv ,Gefi a oo a t Dup or t

fa t
,
.

Q not sunt partes S a cr a m en t u m q u ot p a r ti bu s con s ta t

( No w e ll s S m a l l C a t e c hi s m )
’
.

II o a p ép q éa r i v i v M o r np f p Du p o r t ; Pe tle y ha s { wa r t r p ea r )
' "

o v t i .
, ,

D u a e T r a n s ub s t a n t i a t i o n d e s t ro y s o n e p a r t a n d s o o v e r t hr o w e t h ,

t he n a t u r e o f a S a c r a m e n t
”
.

Du a b u s si
g no ex t er n o a t gu e as p ec ta bi li , i n ter n a i n u i s i hi li q u e
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r a ti a
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' '

sic
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g . E x d v oi v re xa xa n x cu

d op d r ov xd p t r og ( No w e l l s Sm a l l C a t e ch i s m )
’
.

Du a b u s t l
e x e r n o e e m e n o , s e u s i gn o a s p e c t a b i li , e t t i n v i s i b i l i gr a ia t
( No w e ll s La r g e t e ch i sm ) O f t wo pa r ts t he o u tw a r d e l e m en , or t
’
Ca . :

v i s i b l e s ign a n d ,
i n v i s i b l e gr a c e ( No r on s Tr a n s l a i o n ) t ’
t .

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Dua s e x t ra r i u m e le m e n t u m [ : r a m { £10 s
r 6 6 16
]
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,
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a rca n a m g r a t i a m qu a e c o n s p i cu a n o n e s t
, d m i xp mpo x i p w r i v v c
,
r

d op a r ov No w e ll s Mid d le Ca t e c h i s m
—
W e gi v e t he G r e e k i n
’
.

b ra c ke ts .

Har wo od h a s t he s a me a s Du r e l, b u t a s p e c t a b i le for v is ib i le so

ha d Pa r s e ll , E d . 17 3 3 , who , h o w e ve r, ha s s p i r i t u a li s in t e rn a in
Ed . 17 13 .

Du p o r t ha s Aé w
'

{Ear xa i op a r ov o ép fi oho v , xa i r) {a u r a l n v ev y a r uc i ) xd p s g .

Pe tle y h a d Aé w To { 5109 p Soho v c a l 7 6 {o W w xa i Or d n m vor ov

xa i n o f mr o v a fi /
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02 , p
Xd p m p a .

s
p i r i t u a 1i s B a gs te r ,
'

s p i r i t ali s .
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 1 59

ti n e s ti on .
Qu en .
Qu
Q u od n a m e s t e x e r n u m t v i s i bi l e s i g W ha t si
gn p ra y is ( t he) ou tw a rd

n um, au t fo r m a i n B a p i s m o t ? v i s ib l e ( i g n ) s
, or ( w ha t i s t he) fo r m i n
B ap tis m

Q u o d n a m e s t e x te r n um g o e s cl o s e ly
Q uo d n a m i h wt
s i gn u m .
”
Q u od es t in B a
p ti s m o s i gn u m ex te r n u m ? ( No e ll s S m a l l
’
w
Ca t e ch i s m ) .

Ti i o n 11 ) 55w, i bp a r bv o ép fi oho v ,
xa t i do g i n B a rr i -t a ng ; ( Du p o r t ) .

Pe t le y h a d
‘
Ti d ij r a i o n 11) { Em u a i e bu p do o rr r ov To r exp fip t ov , rj ti dog £1!
Ba rn

s ign u m , a u t fo r m a B a g s t e r ha s a c om m a a ft er
“
fo r m a .

Ma tt e r is o f t he E s s e n ce of a S a cr a m e n t; fo r W ord s with t ou s ome

ma t t hi g t w h i c h t h y b l g m y b e f t h e N t e f P y
er ia l n , o e e on ,
a o a ur o ra e rs o r

V w o b t th y c
s, u t b e S c m e t s Rec iv i g S m t i
e ann o a ra n e n a a c ra en s on o u r

pa t r F i t h p l i gh t d t
ou r G d ia th e of m m t i l Sub t e e o o n e us so e a er a s an c

or t h ; f i t hi c i t t he d ifi e
o er or b tw
n S c m s t d on s s s
’

er n ce e een a ra en s, an

ot h Ac t f W h i p T h l tt e e ly Ac t f t he Mi d d cl e d
er s o or s . e a r ar on s o n e ar

by W d or G e t e w he e
s S c me t
or e th A ppl i c t i
s ur f,
r as a ra n s ar e a on o a

m t i l S ig
a er a j y d w i t h Ac t f t h e Mi d W d
n , o ne d G t e s o n ,
or s, an es u r s

W i t h t h e M tt t he m t b e F m t h t i a er ch W d j oy d w i t h
re us a or ,
a s, s u or s ne

it as d p p p i t t h M tt e t
o a ro ch e
r a e d p t e i t f om lle a r o su an us , an se a ra r a

o th er e t lus t i t h A t f t he S c m t F i
s, a ea s y p i ec
n e c o a ra en . or n an e

o f M tt a l th c
er a o n e ,t be p p it bl e t ere h d an no a ro er s u a en ss o suc an en ,
as

se em s t b e d ig d b y S c m
o t d th ef
es F
ne m m t d t a ra en s , a n er o re a or us e er

mi d
ne an p ply i t ; a d i t i hi ghly i t b l t t he
a t f t hi g t
n s su a e o n a u re o n s, o

b el i v th te e S v io wh o h
a i s ti t t d th S c m e t h
ou r a l u r, as n u e e a ra n ,
as a so

e i th i t i t t e d t he F m f i t
er ns gi v
u ch hi t t le d v y
or o ,
or en us s u n s as o a us er

n e it ( A E p iti
ar
”
f t h e T h i t y i e A t i cl e
“
n x f t h C h ch f
os on o r -n n r s o e ur o

E gl d b y Gi l b e t B i h p f S u m ( B p B u t) Lo d MDCX C I X
”
n an ,
r s o o ar . rn e ,
n on , .

p 2 6 9)
F ro m hi s i t t w i ll be s ee n th t a Du re l i s p e r fe c t ly c o r r e ct in sa ying aut

fo r m a , ”
not
“
v el fo r m a fo r t he “
F o rm
”
is s om e t hi g d i ffe t f
n re n rom

th e
“
S i gn or
“
Ma tt e r .
”
An d so of B a p is m t it lf B i h p B
se s o u rn e t
w itr es ,
“
In B a p i s m h e r e i s t t Ma tter W a ter ; t he r e
, is a F or m, t he Pe r s o n
D aop aa or W as hed
I bap ti z e h e e i n t he Na m e o f t he
,
w i th W ord s ,
t
t
F a h e r , a n d o f t he S on , a n d o f t he H o ly G ho s
”
(p Cf a l s o t . .

t
Pr i v a e B a p i s m S e r v i c e t
W i h ha m a e r ( Du r e l, Q u o l i q u o r e
”
t w t tt
t
wa s h i s c hi l d b a p i z e d P W i h h a t
o r d s wa s hi s c hi l d b a p i z e d ? ”
t w tw t t
w
H a r o o d , t oo, h a s a ut Me s s rs B r igh a n d Me d d , h o e v e r , h a v e . . t w
ve
si
”
,
whi
c h d o e s n ot r e t a i n t he t t
d i s i n c i on b e e e n s i g n a n d fo r m tw “ ” “

t he y a l s o ha v e o n ly s i gn u m ex t e r n um ,
”
t
hu s n o t e x p r e s s i n g t h e E n g l i s h
w or d v i s i b l e a t a ll .
 TH E CA TE CH IS IV .

Resp on s i o . Ans wer .

A qu a q a q u i s B a p t i s a t u r , In
u W a te r by w hi ch an
y one is B a p
Norn i n e Pa t r i s , {9 Fi li i , {9 Sp i r i t us
’ ’
t i z ed , In t he n a me
f
o (the) Fa t her , ( 9
’

Sa n cti f (the) Son , {9 qf (t he) Holy Ghos t

’
. o .

Cf . a v e r y i m p or t a n t t t
s a e me n t in Bp . S t illi n gfle e t
’
s
“
t
A R a i on a l
Acc o u n , t ”
p 5 60 . .

H e r e i s t he ru e for m H oc es t Corp u s Meu m , t he r u e m a e r W h ea e n

t t tt t
t t
B r e a d , a n d h e h a p r on o u n c e s t h e fo rm i s a ru e Pr i e s
”
T h e Ob j e c i o n t t . t
t t
b e i n g m a d e h a s o m e h i n g e l s e i s r e qu i s i e t o t he e s s e n ce o f a ru e t t t
t
S a c r a m e n , B i s ho p S t i lli n g fle e t a n s e r s : T he i n s i u i o n o f C hr i s r e
“
w tt t t
t
q u i r i n g s uc h a s o l e m n i y fo r t he a d m i n i s ra i o n o f i t a n d s u c h a d i s p o s i i o n t t t
i n t he C hu r c h fo r t h e re ce i v i n g it an d p e rfo r m a n c e o f s u ch a c s i n
t he t
ord er t o t he a d m i n i s t tira on b y t he d i s pe n s e r o f i t ; he s e d o s u ffic i e n ly t t
t
d i s i n gu i s h t he Lo r d s S u pp e r fr o m
’
a ll o th er a ct ion s w h t m tt e a a r for m or

p e r s o n s o e v e r b e he r e
”
t .

Cf . a sol “
T he s ubs an t ce t
s an d e th of t wo p a r t s
A ug u s i n e s a i h , as t t ”

t
Au g u s i n e 80 T r a c i n oa n t J .
“
Ac c e d i t V e rb u m a d E le m en t u m , fi t
t
Sa c ra m e n u m , e i a m v i s i b i l e V e r b u m
”
t .

t t
To t h e m i n i s r a i o n he r e o f fi v e hi n gs t t a re re q u i r e d t he p a r t y b a p t i z
i n g, t he pa r ty b pti a ze d, a m ea n i n g to do th t a whi c h Chr i s t c o m m a n d e d ,

t he l
e em e n t fw t o a e r, a n d t he fo r m of w ord s .

H e n r i cu s d e Vu r i m a i n Q u a rt a m Se n te t n . c o m p r e he n d s t he m t
i n he s e
t wo v e rs e s
Cu m ti t ti ne o n ge n s , I n te n t i o p o s t ,
A q u a , F o rm a
Ve r b o r u m , fa c i u n t , ut s it B a p tis m a tis es s e .
”

( Le tt e r o f Ar c hb i s ho p Of Yo r k [H u tt o n ] to A r ch b i s ho p of Ca n te rbur y
[W hi t g i ft ] Oc t 9 , . . J a c ob i ) .

Aq u a q u a . In E d . 1 7 03 t he re is a c o mm a a f er t “
Aqu a , ”
an d we
ha v e ba p ti z a tur .
”
B a gs t e r ha s c o m m a a ft e r
a Aq u a , and ha s b a p ti
za t u r .
”
E ds . 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 ha ve n o c om m a ,
s o a g r ee i n g wi th the fi rs t
Ed o f 16 7 0 .

i s t h e S i gn , o r Matt er t t
”
A qu a S e e l as n o e . .

A qua , i n q u a m B ap ti e a t u s i n ti ng i tu r , u el ea p erg i ta r (s i c ; a s p e r
as

gi tu r ,
”
In No m i n e Pa t ri s , F ilij , S p i r i t u s S a n c t i ( No w e ll s
” ’

S m a ll C a t e ch i sm ) . The G r e e k c om m e n ce s ,
Tb v dwp , 2 19 6 ,
'

Pe t le y
To ii d wp ép p d v r wr a t Eu 6 v 6p a r ¢ x e
’

ha s 3 45 03 6 Ba gei g £v a 1r 6x éxhv or a 1 ,
‘
1 n r ta t .

Du po r t ha s
"
wp '

i n q} Ba nr iZ s r a i ri g u
’

g
'
O u ona , su n k .

qua —
S a n c ti : t he F or m w i t h th
cco m p a n y i n g W o r d s
e a .

B e fo r e 1 66 2 we fi n d , “
w he r e i n t he p e rs o n b a p t i z e d i s d i p pe d ,
or

s p r i n kl e d w i th it , ”
e tc . In S a n c r o ft s n o t e s i n t he b o o k o f 1 6 3 4
’

,
is
 16 2 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

p ec cat o n ali, i rae fi li i , hac ra ti on e n a u rat lly b or n in sin , so n s of

fa c i t sumos F ilii De i . w thra ,

t t
b y hi s m e hod we ha v e be e n
m a d e So n s of G od .

How so ? ”
T he an s w e r (g i ve n i n t he t
no e abo ve on gra i a e )t ”
s ho ws
ho w hr e e t th i n gs a re
“
rep r e s en t e d o r e x p r e s s e d i n
” “ ”
B a p is m t .
The
fo ll o wi ng is a sol w th or qu o t i n g t o i ll u s t r a t e t he w o r d s o f h i s Sm a l l an d
Mid d l e Ca t e c hi s m s .
“
M . Do we n ot th en t
Ob a i n fo rg i v e n e s s of s ins by
t he o u tw d w a hi ar s n g or s p r i n kl i n g of w tea r ? S . No . F or on ly Chr i s t
ha t h w i t h hi s b l cl e a n wa s he d a w a y t h e s p o t s o f o u r
ood w a s he d an d

s ou l s T h i s h o n o u r t h e r e fo r e i t i s n o t l a w fu l t o g i v e t o t he o u tw a r d
.

elemen t B u t t h e H o ly G h os t a s i t w e r e s p r i n kl i n g o u r c o n s c i e n c e s
.
,

w i t h t ha t ho ly b l o od w i p i n g a w a y a ll th e s p o t s o f s i n m a k e th u s c l e a n
, ,

b e fo r e G o d O f t h i s cl e a n s i n g of o u r s i n s we h a v e a s e a l a n d a pl e d ge
.

i n the s a cra m e n t M B u t w he n c e h a v e we r e ge n e ra t i o n ? S No n e
. . .

o t h e r w a y s b u t fr o m t he d e a t h a n d r e s u r r e c t i o n o f C hr i s t F o r b y t he .

fo r c e o f Chr i s t s d e a t h o u r o ld m a n i s a ft e r a c e r t a i n m a n n e r c r u c i fi e d
’

a n d m o r t i fi e d a n d t h e c orr u p t n e s s o f o u r n a t u r e i s a s i t w e r e b u r i e d
, , , ,

t ha t i t n o m o r e l i v e a n d b e s t r on g i n u s An d b y t he b e n e fic i a l m ea n o f .

h i s r e s u rre c t i o n h e g i v e t h u s gr a c e t o b e n e w ly fo r m e d u n t o a n e w l i fe ,

t o ob e y t h e r i gh t e o u s n e s s o f G o d
”
.

No w e ll s S m a ll C a t e ch i s m t he n c o n t i n u e s B a p tzs rn i v i m ap e r ti n s “
'
’
,

a d hu c m i hi ed i s s er e
”
(ed i s cer e Th i s a n s w e r i s a l s o w o r t h y o f c l o s e
,

a tt e n t i o n a s t he a n s w e r i n t he Ca t e ch i s m o f o u r Pr a y e r B o o k s e e m s t o
,

b e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h i s a n s w e r a n d t he o n e q u o t e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f
t he n o e. t Q u um n a tu r a a li en i ah E cc les i a B ei q u e
f a r/z i li a , 69¢ p er
p ecca t u m fi lij i r a e ( G r e e k , 6? Ci p a p r i a g but) » n 79 6p y flg) , d i gn i q n e a eter n a
‘

d a m n a ti on e s i m u s , ap t i s m u m ( 6rd r o fi Ba n n o p a r og) i n E ccles i a m a d

-
B
’

p er

m i t ti m u r (ei o s p xép eea i f;

’
emc MI o a u
), f a ct i fi li os Dei
cer t i or es i a rn n os

e o év ) & i n Chr i s ti corp u s i ns er tos ,

(
’
oé r eg 6n r éx v a
’

es s e s ca ing
e
p u e gos p ,
v

ei zq ue m em hr a f a ctos ,
in u n u rn cu rn ip s o corp u s coa les ce r e
”
. Tha t is,
“
W he r e a s by n a u re t we a re t
s r a n ge r s fr o m t he C hu r c h and ho u s e ho l d
of G od , an d th r o u gh s i n a r e t he ch i l d r e n of w th
ra ,
and w o t hyr o f e e rn a t l
t
d a m n a i o n , b y B a p i s m we a r e a d m i ed i n t
e Chu r c h, h a v i n g b e e n tt t o th
a s s u re d t t
h a we a r e a l re a d y t he c hi l d re n o f G o d , a n d ha ha v i n g b e e n t t
t t t
gr a f e d i n o Ch r i s s b o d y, a n d m a d e h i s m e m b e r s , we a r e g ro i n g i n o
’
w t
e b d y w i t h hi m
”
on o .

H i s Mi d d l C t e a e ch i s m ha s , Q uum n a t u r a li t e r fi lij i ra e, ho c e s t, in

g r a u i s s i m a a pu d De u m o ffe n s a , a b e i u s e ccl e s i a s i u e fa m i l i a a l i e n a i t
s i m u s , p e r b a p t i s m u m i n e c c le s i a m re c i p i m u r, c e r t ti m q ; ha b e m u s n o s
'

i a m De i fi li o s e s s e , c u m Ch r i s i c o r p o r e COp u la t os , i n i llti d q ; q u a s i t ’
 T H E CA TE CH IS M . 16 3

1n s xt os es se, ei u s q m e m b r a fa c to s, in eo d e m cu m i pso co r p o r e c on
’
c re s c e ref

S i m i la r ly i n hi s La r ge C a e chi s m No we l l ri es, t Q u u m n a u r a F i ln w t t
i r a e , i d e s t , a l i e n i a b E c c l e s i a , q u a e De i fa m i l i a e s t , s i m u s , b a p i s m u s t
v e lu t i ad i us t q u id a m n ob is p e r qu e m i n e a m a d m i t t i m u r ; u n d e e t
e s t,

t t im
es on i u m e t i a m a m p li s s i m u m a cc i p i m u s , i n n u m e r o d o m e s t i c o r u m ,
'

a d e oq u e F i l i o r um De i n os j am esse imo in C hr i s i t c or p u s q u a s i
c o o p ta r i , a tq ue in s er i , j
e u s q ue m e m b ra fi e r i , et in un u m c u m i p s o c orp u s

c o a le s c e re .

T u r n i n g t o t he G r e e k
‘
v e r s i on s Pe tle y h a s ap a p r i a v , m i
’

,
0 Q d u a r og u g
d u a fli wo rg d wa wo hv nv p v x d r wg y elp Ev
'
u g
‘
n e It a l 7 719 6p y fig
i i di n év r eii Oev Téx u a xd p t r o g éy wdp eQ a
'

no .

Du p o r t ha s l igh t l y d i fi e r e n t v e r s i o n re a d in g d u a y év u nm g fo r av a fi i wm g,
‘

a s ,

for m p v xé r wg, y er wnfi év r s g fo r

( 513 06 1
1 xv n fi éu r eg, r érc v a fo r b e fo r e xci p t r o g,
a n d y wdp efi a fo r ey w éy eOa
’
.

Mo r i p e cca t o S ee n o e on t “
h ac ra t io ne b elo w .

d e n uo a ga i n , 7 a n ua , but
“
ane w is be tt e r.

jus titi a e r i gh t e o u s n e s s , j u s ti c e, up r i gh t - d ea l i n g (y a n u a ) . lus t

i iat s uu m c uiq ue tr i b u i t (i b i d ) . The fi rs t of t he s e s en s es , c or r e s p on d i n g
t o t he P la ton ic duca t om mn i n i t s
'
wi d e s t m e a n i n g, i s p r o b a b ly the o n e t o b e
t a ken he r e . So Nor t on t ra n s l a t e s “
j us ti tia e ”
i n No w e ll b y r ig h t
“

”
eo us n e s s .

i r a e fi 1i i Dup or t ha s th e ar t i cl e b o h t w i t h wr a t h
“ ”
an d
“
g r a ce , b u t
it i s no t ice ab ly a b s en ti n E ph ii 3 . . .

h ac r a ti o n e fa cti s u m u s F i l i i De i :
“
by t hi s t
m e ho d we
ha ve b e e n m a d e So n s of Go d .
”
T he w or d s hac ra ti on e mus t r e fe r to
Mor i p e cca t o ,
d e n uo n as ci j us t it ia e
c o n s i d e r t he t hi s is e v i d en t i f we
s t r u c t u r e o f the s e n t e n c e ; hac r a t i o n e i s e q u i va l en t
”
c hm e n i m e t c
“
,
.

t o t h e m or e cl a s s i c a l fo r m u a r a t i o n e c hm e tc t hi s cl e a r ly c o u l d
q , .

o n l y r e fe r t o Mo r i p e cca t o e tc w h i ch i m m e d i a t e l y p r e ce d e s Du r el
,
.
,
.

t he r e fo r e s h o w s t h a t t he he r e b y o f the E n gl i s h Ve r s i on r efe r s t o A
” “ “

d e a t h u n t o s i n a n d a n e w b i r t h u n t o r i gh t e o u s n e s s a n d i n n o wa y t o
,
”
,

B a ptism a nd t hi s i s s u p p o r t e d b y the fo ll o w i n g c on s id er a t i on s .

F i r s t t he w or d B a p t i s m d oe s n o t o ccu r a t a ll i n the q u e s t i on t o w hi c h
”
,

12
16 4 TH E CA TE CH IS III .

t hi s is an an s we r . S e c o n d ly, th t a
“
he r e b y ”
r e er sf to
“
A d ea h t un ot
s in ,
”
etc .
,
is a ls o s ho w
qu e s t i o n a n d a n s w e r wh i c h p r e
n b y t h e p a ra ll e l
ce d e : Q u o d n a m e s t e x t e r n u m
“
i n B a p tis m o ? ”
Wha t i s t he “

outw in B a pt is m
”
( E n gl i s h V e r s i on ) Aqu a q u a
” “
a rd ? e tc ,
.

“
W a t er ; w h e r e i n e t c “
Q u a e n a m
,
e s t s p i r i t u a li s
. e t c ? W h a t is ,
.
“

t h e i n w a rd etc ? Mo r i p e c c a t o
”
. h ac r a t i o n e etc A d eath , ,
”
.
“

un to s i n hac r a t i o n e m u s t r e fe r t o
”
he re b y T he wo rd s
“ ”
e tc ,
.

“
Mor i p e cca t o j u s t a s q u a r e fe r s t o A qu a
,
” ” “ “
Th i rd ly b e i n g i n .
”
,
“

p e cc a t o n a t i w h a t c o u l d b e t he r a t i o w h e r e b y we s ho u l d b e c o m e So n s
” ”
,

o f Go d e x c e p t Mo r i p e cc a t o ? T h e a n n u l m e n t o f t he B i r t h i n S i n
“ ”

m u s t b e t he De a t h u n t o S i n ( T he R e v E Da n i e l m a k e s h e r e b y .
”
. .
“

r e fe r t o i n w a r d a n d s p i r i t u a l gr a c e b u t i t r a t h e r r e fer s t o t h e e x pl a n a
“ ”
,

t i o n o f t h a t g ra ce i t r e fe r s t o t he c o m m en ce m en t Of t h i s a n s w e r a n d n o t .
,

t o th e C a t e c h i s t s p r e v i o u s q u e s t i o n )
’
.

Dr Ad a m C l a r k e w r i t e s
. N o w I a s k w he r e b y a r e s uch p e rs on s m a d e
,

t he c h i l d r e n o f g r a c e ? No t b y t h e w a t e r b u t b y t h e d e a t h u n t o s i n a n d ,

t he n e w b i r t h u n t o r i gh t e o u s n e s s i e t hr o u gh t h e a g e n cy of t he H o ly ,
. .
,

G ho s t s i n i s d e s t r o y e d a n d t he s o ul fi ll e d w i t h h o l i n e s s
”
.

T h e G r e e k v e r s i o n s o f Pe t le y a n d Du p o r t h a v e £v m 9 v w h i c h m u s t
‘

2 c
,

r e fe r t o 0 0d u a r og u g ap Du p or t a l s o ha s t he p r e s e n t t e n s e
' ’

p r fa r m at a
‘
.
,

y wép Q a s h e r e b y we a r e b e c o m i n g
,
“
e tc w hi c h o f cou r s e co u l d o n l y
'

,
.
,

r e fe r t o a c o n t i n u e d p r o c e s s a n d n o t t o t he s i n g l e a c t o f B a p t i s m , F or .

r e fe rr i n g t o w o r d s i m m e d ia t e ly p r e c e d i n g c f P e t le y s a n s w e r
’ '
e vr fi e v
e e .
, ,

c o r r e s p on d i n g t o A d b e l o w : t he r e Pe tle y h a s tm oew,
“

a n s w e ri n g t o Du r e l s i n d e a n d p l a i n ly r e fe r r i n g ( a s Du p o r t s o ubi -i g
” ’ '
’ ‘ ’

, t ( r

s h o w s ) t o t he s a c r i fic e o f C hr i s t s d e a t h i n t he fi r s t p a r t o f t he s a m e
“ ’ ”

an s w er .

Th e W e l s h Pr a y e r B o o k , i n d e e d , ha s Ma r wola e th i b ec hod , a g e n e d i ‘

ga e h t n e w y d d i gy fi a wn d e r Ca n y s ga n e i n b o d n i wr th n a t u r i a e t h e d i
. w
e in g e n i m e wn p e c ho d , a c y n b la n t d i go fa i n t, d r wy F e d y d d y g wn e i r n i
y n hla n t g r as
”
. t
T ha i s , A d e a h u n o s i n , a n d a n e w b i r h u n o r i g h
“
t t t t t
e ou s n es s F or . s in c e we a re by n a ure t b o rn i n c hi l d r e n o f w r a t h
s in an d ,

th ro u gh B a p t i s m we a r e m ade ch i l d r e n o f gr a c e
”
. U po n t hi s a We l s h
c l e r gy m an w r i t e s to u s : Su b s t i t u t i on o f t h ro u gh B a p t i s m ( d r wy
“ ‘
T he
 TH E CA TE CH /19 11 . .

Q ue s ti on .

Q u id a b i i s re
q u i ri t u r
q ui b a p t iz a n d i W ha t is n e ed e d t
b y hos e who m u s t
sun t be b a p t i z ed

Resp om i a . Ans wer .

R es i p i sc e n t i a , q u a d e se ra n t p ec c a R e p en t a n ce , by wh i ch th y e m ay

n a tu r a n a m u s i n P er ca le , fi li i g u e I m e, lzi n e [i d e s t ,
li si n on p er ex

t e r n u m B a p t i z a t i on i s o p u s , s e d p e r m o rt e m a d Pe c c a t u m o rt u m ad

J u s t i tia m in B a p i s m o, t e tc .
] fa c i t s umus F il ii G ra i a e t an d i n the
E n gl i s h w h i ch f o ll o w s ,
A d ea l/
z s i n , a nd a New B i r th u n to R i g/
zl

eo us n es s t[h t i a s, a p e n Vow (b y i n w a r d gr a c e ) t o d y e u n t o
l
s o em n an d o

S i n a n d t o l i v e u n t o R i gh t e o u s n e s s ]f or é ezng by n a l u r e bor n i n s i n a n d
'

, ,

( he chi ld r en of wr a t/ z we a r e lzer eb
y [t h a t i s No t b y t h e o u tw a r d w o r k o f
, ,

b e i n g B a p t i z e d b u t b y t h e d e a t h u n t o s i n a n d n e w b i r t h u n t o r i gh t e o u s
, ,

n e s s a s b u t n o w t h e s e t h i n g s h a v e b e e n e x pl a i n e d
,
t ha t i s b y t he Vo w
i n B a p t i s m ; fo r th e S t i p u l a t i o n o r An s we r e o f a go o d c o n s c i en c e t o w a r d s
G o d I P et 3 2 1 s ee m s t o b e n o t h i n g e l s e b u t t he Vo w i n B a p t i s m ]
,
. .
,
”
zi ld r en
m a d e e/ of G r a ce .

fa cti 5 umus for t he te nse c om p a r e t he s e on d an s c we r i n th e Ca te

ch i s m .

F i l i i De i So n s of God .
”
Th i s B a g s t e r r e t ains . No t e h e r e t he
d i v e r ge n c e fr o m the E n g l i s h V e r s i on , hi c h ha s w “
chi l d r en of g ra c e .
”

Har w fi li i G ra i a e , a s a l s o Pa rs e l l ( 1 7 1 3 ,
ood ha s t a n d G B o wy e r ,
”
.

F o r Du r e l s v e r s i on c f R o m v i i i 1 3 , 1 4 i n B e z a s B ib l e
‘
’
. . .

“
t t
s e d s i S p i r i u a c i o n e s c o r p o ri s m o rt i fi c e t i s , v i v e t i s Q uot q u o t e i a m . t
t
S p i r i u De i a g u n t u r , i i s u n fi li i De i
”
t .

ote b w ”
u
Q id b iis a S ee n elo on .
Q u i a u t ru m q u e s u é fi n e .

u a e r egu i r zm i u r a b ij s , q u i a d B ap t i s m u m a eeed zm t ?
”
Ti m (i s ?
Q
«p oa ei v a t r oi g wp oo ep xop év o rg m7 fi a n n a p a n ( No e ll s S m al l Ca e ch i s m)
’

w ’
t .

Ti dé d wa t r ei r m i mo r u m B eBa r r wop é v wv ; ( Pe t le y ) Ti a si r a t i v 7 07 9
’

w r t oeno op év m g ; ( Du p or t )
B a .

r e q u i r i t u r z or
”
“
i s r e q u i r e d fr o m In 7 a mea , cl ock d i a l s a r e s a i d .

a s k ( r e q u i ru n t ) d i v er s eng i n es or j i m m a ls t o m a k e I/
zem
”
to g o t r ue So .

i n C i e r o i n ho c he ll o As i a t i c o v i r t u t e s a n i m i m a gn a e e t m u lt a e r e qu i
c “

r un tu r a r e n e c e s s a r y) Ma n i] 2 2 64 So we u s e s uch w o r d s a s
”
. . .

“
re qu i r e an d d em an d i n t he s en s e o f n ee d .
”

B a gs te r h a s a c om m a t
a f er r e q u i r i tu r .

b a t
d i fo r t he r ea d i n g s o f No we ll s S m a ll C a e ch i s m s ee n o
p i 2 a n
’
t t e
”
u i &ap ti s m o s z mt i m t i a n d i
”
( Mid d l e C a e ch i s m ) t
'

on Q u i d a b i i s q . .

Pe tle y ha s t he fu u r e p e r fe c t
Du p o r t he fi rs fu u re pa s s i ve t t t t .

R e s i p i s c e n t i a , q u a, etc .
 TH E CA TE CH IS /V . 1 67

t um ; fi d e s , q u a fi rm i te r c red a n t fo rs a k e s ni ; t
fa i h, b y w hi ch t he
y
p ro m i s s i o n i b u s De i s i b i fac i s i n eo t m ay t
s e ad i ly b e l i e v e G od
‘
s
p ro m i s e s

Sac ra m en t o. m a d e t o he m i nt th t S a a c ra m e n t .

F i d es , p oen i ten ti a ( G re e k H ia r w ( No we ll s S m a ll
’
,
xa i
Ca t e c hi s m ) . It th en co n t i n u e s :
“
H a ec p la n i ns ex p i i ea . The an s we r

to wh i c h i s A n tea eta e i mp i e v i ta e v e/
: z e/n en ter p r i m zi m p oen i te r e, 69*

cer t a i n fi d u ei a zn fi a é er e d ebem n s , n os Clzr i s ti s a ng u i n e d p ecca t i s fi n rg a tos ,

Deo g r a tes es s e sp i r i t m n gu e ei u s i n n oazs lza bi ta r e E t s ee n /t
i ta
'

a tq u e .

a wn fi d e m & p r o
’
f es s i on a l ; i n B ap t i s m o a eta m , o m n i of e en i ten d u m , v t
9

ea r n ezn n os t r a n e m or t ifi ee m n s , 69 p i a v i ta d ecla r e /n u s n os Clt r i s t n /n i a °

d u i s s e, 89 ei u s sp i r i t u d on a t es es s e
°
.

C f hi s La rge C a e c h i s m
. t “
M . Te ll m e th en b ri e fl y i n w h t t hi a n gs

t he u s e o f b a p i s m c o n s i s e h ? t t t
p e n t a n c e a n In S . In fa i th d an re [L t i ,
“

F id e e t F o r fi r s t we m u s a s s u r e d c o n fi d e n c e ho l d t with
i t d e t e r m i n e d i n o u r he a r t s t ha t we a re cl e a n s e d b y t he b l oo d o f C h r i s t
,

fr o m a ll fi lt hi n e s s o f s i n a n d s o b e a cc e p t a b l e t o G o d a n d t ha t h i s S p i r i t
, ,

d w e ll e t h w i t h i n u s An d t he n we m u s t c o n t i n u a lly w i t h a ll o u r p o w e r
.
,

a n d e n d e a v o u r t r a v a i l i n m o r t i fy i n g o u r fl e s h a n d o b e y i n
g t h e r i gh t e o u s
'

, ,

n e s s o f G o d ( La t i n j us ti tiae a n d m u s t b y go d ly l i fe d e c l a r e
‘
,

t o a ll m e n t h a t we h a v e i n b a p t i s m a s i t w e r e p u t o n C h r i s t a n d ha v e ,

h i s S p i r i t gi v e n u s .

Pe tle y ha s Mer ci v oca , wa p fi g '

Tr pi d v op i a v d a ohl p m i v ov m Ka i H i o r t g, r a p ’

7 05 G eofi éa a
y y ehi a i g, rai g év r o is n
y
’
Mv a mp i rp 7r e7r on mév a t g, (t r i pod) ;
7r e 7 r o i 0a m v .

Du p o r t ha s Me r é v o ra 6K 159 wi ll d p a p r i a u ci rr ok tp woi v ov m xa i m o n g dl
' '
’ ’
.

Gem? éa a y y ek im g r a i c Iv 1 01} q Mv o r np i q: «t a c i np év a i g, 01 :p
" '

ig 7 713
'

ra ;
' '

m mo i Ga a w .

R e s i pis cen tia used a s an eq ui va l e n t to p oe n i te n t ia in ya n n a .

F o r ha t t on e i n t e r p r e te t h s o m t hy n ge o b s c u r e ly i n on e pl a c e , t he s a m e
t ra n s la t e t h ano th e r (o r e ls he h i m s elfe ) m o r e m a n ife s tl y b y a m o re pl a y n e
voc a b le of t he s a m e m ea n y n g i n ano th er pl a c e . Be n ot th o u o ffe n d e d

t he r fo r e (g o o d R e a d e r ) h o u gh t on e c a l r e p e n ta u n c e , th t a ano th er ca ll e t h
p en n a u n c e or a m e n d m en t
F o r y f h o u b e n o t d e c e a u e d b y m e n s t ra
. t
d i c i o n s , ho u t s ha l t
fy n d e n o m o r e d y u e r s i te b e t we n e he s e e r m e s he n t t t
b e t we n e fo u r e p e n s a n d a gr o e An d hi s m a n e r h a u e I v s e d i n m y t . t
t r a n s la c y o n , c a ll i n g it in s ome pl a ce
p e n n a u n c e , ha i n a n o h e r pl a ce t t t
I ca l r e p e n t a u n ce th t
. An d t a t n o t o n e ly b e c a u s e t h e i n e r p r e e r s ha v e

d on e so b e fo r e m e b t t h t t he ,
d eu i f th e t e t h m y
a e h w a u rs a r e s o ru a e s o

th t wa e a b h o rr e t t hi w o d
no pe s ( t h y t ly e p t f )
r e n n a un ce as e v n ru r or e o vs

no m or e the n th i t p t e rs f L t y b h
e n er re p e i te w ha t h y d e
o a n a orr e n re , n e rea

re s i p i s c e r e . O e ly o r h a t e s d e y e v u t o G od i t h a t hi p e o pl e b e n o t
n u r s r s, s
 TH E CA TE CH /5 1V .

Q ui fit i t aq u e ut i n fa n t es B a p t iz e n H o w d oe s i t a cco rd i n
gly c o me to

b ly n d e d i n t he y r v n d e r s ton d yn g, les t th e y be li e u e p e n n a u n c e t o b e o u g h t
s a ue a v e ry r e p e n ta u n c e , a m e n d m e n t , or c o n v e r s y o n v n t o Go d , a n d t o b e

an v n fa yn e d ne we
c r e a t u r e i n C hr i s t e ,
an d t o ly u e a c c o r d y n ge t o h y s
l a we . For e ls s ha l l t he y fa l l i n t o t he o l d e b la s p h e m y e of C hr i s te s blo u d e ,
a nd b e li u e , tha t t h e y t he m s elu e s a re a b l e to m a ke s a t i s fa cc y on un to G od
fo r t he yr o wn s yn n e s , fr o m t he whi c h e e rr ou re G od of hy s m e rc ye and

t
p l e n e o u s g oo d n e s s e p r e s e ru e a ll hy s (
“
A Pr o l o ge t o t h e R e a d e r .
”
Myl e s
C o u e r d a le s B i b l e , p u b S o u h a r k ,
’
. t w J a m es Ny c o ls o n ,
Th i s s ho w s ho w
“
repe n an t c e
”
an d
“
p e n a n ce
”
p e n i en c e) , a n d t
t h e La i n t r e s i p i s ce n tia p o e n i te n t ia
”
and
e re w r e ga r d e d a s t h e s a m e

thi n g . C f Pa r e u s ,
. Po e n i t e n t i a e s t e fi e c t u s g ra i a e , flu e n t i s
'

t a d ile c t i o n e
De i , i n
”
t
fi li o De i fu n d a a , fo r t h e m e a n i n g o f p o e n i t e n t i a ”
.

In con n ect ion with t he w ord Mer d v om ,

w hi ch N w o e ll , Pe tle y , and

Du p o r t u s e i n t hi s sa me c o n t e x t we ,
ma y q t e t he
uo fo ll o wi ng fr o m
Dr H a r r i s o n
.

“
Su b j e c t : R e pe t
ce (;a r awa ta p s r a v oéw) a n d c on v ers i o n ( fi m -pa p )
n an ,
r a
,

ém a r p éqsw) B ib l i c a lly c o n s i d e r e d a s u s e d t o e x p r e s s o r t o i m ply a s p i r i t u a l

Cha n g e o r t u rn i n g fo r t he b e tt e r s ho w i n g t ha t b o t h d e s i g n a t e o n e a n d ,

t he s a m e t h i n g J on a h i i i 1 0 Ma tt x i i 4 1 Lu k e x i 3 2 E z e k i e l xi v
. . . . . . .

6 ; a n d x v i ii 3 0 Ac t s i ii 1 9
. In t h e a n c i e n t Pe s h i t o S yr i a c V e rs i o n i n
. .
,

t he fi r s t t h r e e t e x t s o n e a n d t he s a m e v e r b i s u s e d a n d i n t he la s t t hr ee
, ,

t e x t s o n e a n d t he s a m e p h r a s e .

“
T ha t e a c h a l i k e i s r e q u i r e d as a c o n d i t i on o r p r e r e q u i s i t e fo r t he re
m i s s i o n o f s i n s o r i n o r d e r t o l i fe
,
E z eki e l x v i ii 3 2 Ac t s i x 3 5 x i 2 1 . . . .

xv 3 19
. Ma r k i 4 ; Luk e i i i 3 ; Ac t s i i 3 8 ; x i 1 8 ; 2 Co r v i i 10 ;
,
. . . . . .

2 Pe t er iii 9
. .

It i p r e s u med t h a t the r igh t e o u s who ha v e b e e n c o n v e r t e d n e e d

s n ot , ,

c o n v e rs ion a n d a cc or d i n g to S c r i p t u r e t h e r i g ht e o u s d o n o t n e e d r e pe n t

a n ce Ma tt i x 1 3 Ma rk i i 1 7 Lu k e v 3 2 a n d x v 7 In a ll t he
. . . . .
,
. .

a b o v e i n s t a n c e s i n t h e S yr i a c V e r s i o n t he w o r d s
,
t o r e pe n t o r r e p e n t

a n c e d o n o t oc c u r b u t e i t he r t o t u r n o r c o n v e rs i o n
’ ’
.
,

I t i s c e r t a i n t he n t ha t t he r e pe n t a n c e o f H o ly Sc r i p t ur e i s o n e ‘

t h i n g a n d t he r e p e n t a n ce o f bo th a n c i e n t a n d mod e rn t heo l ogy a n o t he r

,
‘ ’
,

a n d v e r y d i ff e r e n t t hi n g
”
.

q u a d e s e r a n t e q u i v a l e n t t o u t ea d e s era n t S o q u a c re d a n t .

for u t e a c r ed a n t
“ ”
N o t e t he G r e e k o f Pe tle y a n d Du p o r t d wol p
. . t

wd vo v m a n d m m i Oa m v w h i c h l i k e t he E n gl i s h V e rs i o n ar e p o s i t i v e a n d
, , ,

re fe r t o p r e s en t t i m e .

s t ea d i l y a p pl i e d t o s h i p s i n Ya n n a
“
ti r m i t e r , ,
 TH E CA TE CH IS AI .

Resp on s i o . An s wer .

Q u ia u t ru m
q ue
p ro m i t t u n t t
B e c a u s e hey p ro m i se b o h t on e a n d

p e r fo r m e ( E d ”
. of R ob e r t B a r k e r , Ki n g
’
s Pr i n t er ) . No w e ll Ca e ch i s m s
’
s t
here a re n o e t wo r t h y . H i s S m a ll Ca t e c hi s m ha s Q ui a a d E cc les i a m Dei

p e r ti n en t ( Gr e e k Ex xxna i gz a p o a rp cov m ) , 65 D ei be n e d i c t i o, p r om i s s i ogu e

' '
°

E ccles i a e f a c ta p er C/ zr i s t u m i n c u i u s fi d e ( u g o f) r ri v m o r w) ba ti z a n t u r ,
’ ’

p ,

r/mg w oo fix s i
a d eos
p e r t i n et ( Em i p ) : q u a e p o s tgu a m a d olezeer i n t, i p s o s i n ’

te lli ger e , cr ed e r e , a tq u e ag n os ce r e op or tet en i t zq n e v i C/ zr zs t i a n i IzoIn i n i s

’

ofi c z n m q u a d i n B a p t i s m o p olli ci t i s u n t a t q u e p r o
’

, f es s i ,
n zo r i é u s 59
*
v i ta e

( s i c, b u t v i t a 1 6 3 3 ) p r a es ten t
” ”
.

In t he Mi d d l e C a t e c h i s m we h a v e Q u i a d e De i E ccl e s i a s u n t , d i n i
n aq u e b e n e d i c t i o a tq ue p rom i s s i o ec cl e s i a e p e r C hr i s t u m , i n c u i u s fi d e
b a p t i z a n t u r , fa c t a, a d eos p e rt i n e t In .
q u a ru m re ru m c o gn i t i o n e , fi d e,
i ps i i n eu n t e p u er i ti a i m b uen d i s un , t vt a g n o s c a n t, qu i d i n b a p is m o t
s p o p on d e r i n t a t qu e p r o fe s s i s in t ,
”
e tc .

The ans w er in hi s La r g e Ca t e c hi s m ( No r t o n
'

s Tr a n s l a i o n ) i s t as

fo ll o w t f i t h d p t ce g b f b p t i m i e q i d ly
s
“
T ha a an re en a n o e ore a s ,
s r u re on

i p g w i ye t h t b y g ( Lat i p t t m th y e ‘
n e r s on s s o ro n n a rs , a a e n, e r ae a e e ar

c p bl
a a f b th e B t to i f t th o p m i m d t t h Ch ch b y
. u o n an s e ro se a e o e ur

Ch i t i r s , wh f i th t h y
n b p ti d
ose h ll f ath p t t im b e a re a ze , s a or e re s e n e e

suffic i t d t he
en ft w d w he an th y e g w t y n a (p tq m
er ar ,
n e ar ro n o ears os ua

ad l i t ) t he y m t
o eve r n d t h e m lv
,
ck w l d g t h t t h f t h i
us n ee s se es a no e e e ru o e r

b p ti m
a sd h ve th f ,
an e t he f t b e l i v ly i t h i
a e o l d t b
o rc reo o e n e r s u s , an o e

re p t d i th i lif d b h vi
re s e n e n e r e an e a our s .

Th ft c m p i g b p t i m w i t h c i cu m c i i
en, a er o N w ll c t i e
ar n a s r s on , o e on nu s

” Th i k t t h u t h
I . n l i k a d t h t th y b t h h v
es o es e s o d e, n a e o a e on e cau s e a n

ord ? er5 Al t g t he F . M e do ll t h p p h t d
e r . t t i fy or as os s an a e ro e s o es

t h t ci c m c i i w
a r u ig f p t c
s on d t h S t P l t ch t h t
as a s n o re en an e, s o o . au ea a

it w asc m t f f i th Y t th J w
a sa ra hi l d
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a . e e e s
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c re n , e n no e

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a i anm ci d ; re en a n e, er ne er e es s c rc u se

an d f th ur he w i t S Si t h i t i c t i t h t
er on r i f t h v t he
es ,
“
. s er a n a ou r n an s a e

i t w e th b t c f b p t i m c m m wi t h
'

f orc
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e

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su s an a a s o un e no s cu a e re , e s ou

h v wa e g d t h m i f t h i g w hi ch i i f i t t he t t h i t l f
ron on e e e s n, s n e r or o ru se ,

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ou ie d th m ; Th e f
en m t g t e i t i th t b y re o re os re a re a s on s a

b pt i m
a b y th p i t f
s ,
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e r n d o a s ea res s o uas s o ,
e a s s ure

i f t t h t t he y b h i f G d g c lv t i ’
t o ou r n an s a d f th e e rs o o s ra e, an o e sa a on

p m i d t th d f t h f i t hf l (N t T l ti ) ’
ro se o e s ee o e a u or on s ra n s a on .

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ar e ce T hi d E d p 3 5 7 ) g i v t h
s or o on e r e n s,
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r .
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A w ns f t h B i h p t t he E
er o pti
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s o t th q
s oti xce on o e n s ers o e ues on ,

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’
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 TH E CA TE 6 1115 111 . 17 1

s
p o n s ore s s u os , qu od p ro m i s s u m te t he o t h th er ro u h
g th i e r s u re t i e s , whi c h

n eit h u p o t h e i w p e t c t u l f i t h d e p e t a ce (w hi ch t h
er n r o n r s en a a a an r n n e

C t e ch i m s y s e p
a ly t h y c
s t pe f m )
a p th e f i t h
x d
re s s e an no r or ,
n or u on a an

re pe t c of t he i
n an tu l p t o p p
e t o f t h i g d f th
r na ra a re n r r o - a re n s , r o e r o a ers

or g od m t h ; b t p o th e o d i
o ce ers d i ti t t i f Ch i t
u B t u n r n an an ns u on o r s . u

it i q i i t e t h t w he t h y c o m t
s re u s
ge t h y h l d p f m t h
a n e e o a e s ou e r or es e

c d iti
on of f i t h d ep on st f w h i c h l t h e i g d f th e s d
a an r en a n ce, or a so r o a r an

g d m th c h i t b ly u d t k t he i b h l f ”
o o e rs ar a n e r oo on r e a .

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fir a
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ra
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.

rd i m
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’

kuc i a v
wp ofi efi nxé r eg, ti n éxp ew xa r éxov r a c fi efi a rof mfi a c .

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v e r s i on i s,
"
dy g
bé r ep a i m xv o ii u r a c (s i c) di d éyy v nr d m
’

s On z 3 1)
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.

u t t umq ue i . e ,
. R e pen t an ce and Fai h t . u trum
q ue i s
“
e a c h,
”
or

bo t h the o n e and t he o he r t “
amb o
”
w o ul d h a v e b e e n
“
bo h t to

ge h e rt .
”

F o r t he cl o s e c o n n e c t i o n be tw ee n t h e t wo, c f .
“
H i s d u ob u s s u mm a

d o c t r i n a e E v a n g eli ca e c o n p r e he n d i s o l e
’

No n hi c p r a e p o n i t u r p oe n i t .

t e n t i a fi d e i q u a s i p r i o r d i gn i a e , v e l e m p o r e (To s s a n u s ) F id es n is i t t t .

p ra e lu c e a t, n u ll a v e r a p é r d v ma e s s e p o e s , l i c e a d s i p er a y éau a , q u a li s
‘
t t t t
fu i t in J ud a
”
( To s s a n u s ) . Po e n i t e n t i a ad d e s p e ra t i o n e m t ra h i t ,
n isi

fu lc i a t u r ve r a fi d e d e r e m i s s i on e p ecc a t i ,
ut es t v i d e r e i n Ca i n o , I ud a ,

S a u l e, S in e fi d e l
”
( Ar e t i u s ) omn is s o um o d ios a
“
e tc . .
p o e n i te n t i a n on

e s t, s e d e x p ed i tu m i t er a d d e s p e ra t i o n e m ( Me n t z e r u s ) . Cf . a sol E ng
la n d ’

s so e l a nd S o v e r a i g n wa y o f b e i n g s a v e d , a p r e fa c e t o h i c h wa s
”
w
w i tt r en b y Dr . Ma n o n o f t he S a v o y C on fe r e n ce : h e r e Z a n c h i n H o s
t . .

i
x v I i . s qu oted : Si n e fi d e i n C h r i s t u m nu ll a v e r a re s i p i s ce n tia es s e

p t t
o es .
”

s pon s o r e s H eb r e w s vii . 2 2 , Ta n t o m e li o r i s p a c t i s p o n s o r fa c u s e s t t
J esus ( B ez a ) cove n a n
. To t ren d e r t he t t o f B a p i s m v a l i d , t he c o n d i i o n s

m u s t b e ful fill e d a n d t he v o w s p e r fo r m e d w hi c h o u r s u r e t i e s m a d e
,
.

5 u o s B a g s te r h a s a c o l o n a ft e r s uos .
”

q uod p ra es ta re The w h o l e d e s c r i p t i on o f B a p t i s m i n t he C a t e
—
.

c h i s m i s b a s e d up on a n a s s u m p t i on w hi ch i s hi n t e d a t i n t he s e w o r d s .
,

The t wo p a r t s o f t r u e B a p t i s m m i gh t o r d i n a r i ly b e p r e s u m e d t o e x i s t i n
t h e ca s e o f A d u l t B a p t i s m In e a r ly t i m e s a d u l t s ha d b e fo r e o r r a t he r
“
.
, ,

a t b a p t i s m i ts e lf ( s a y s No w e ll ) t o r e n d e r r e a s o n a n d a c c o u n t o f t he i r
”

r e l i g i o n a n d fa i t h It i s t o t h i s Ad u l t B a p t i s m a ft e r e x a m i n a t i o n w h i c h
”
.
,

o b t a i n e d i n t h e p r i m i t i v e C hu r c h t h a t o u r C a t e c h i s m r e fe r s ; a n d a c c o r d ,

i n gly i t a s k s h o w i n fa n t s c o m e t o b e b a p t i z e d T h e a n s w e r i s t h a t t he y .

m a k e t hr o u g h t he i r s u r e t i e s a p r o m i s e b i n d i n g u p on t he m s e lv e s a n d b y
I7 2 TH E CA TE CH I S AI .

nentu r i p s i p ra e s t a re , p a s t q u a m ad o
p ro m i s e t h m lv
e se es a re bo u n d to p er

lev e r i n t , fo r m , a ft
er th t th y a e s ha ll ha v e com e

to yo u t h .

t he t
p e rfo rm a n c e o f h i s p r o m i s e ( h i ch h e y a re a s s u med t o c a r r y o u t) , w t
t t
h e y fulfil a f e r B a p i s m ho s e c o n d i i o n s t
h i c h a d u l s e r e s u pp o s e d t o t t w t w
t
fu lfil b e fo re B a p i s m , a n d m u s fu l fi l i f t h e B a p i s m i s t o b e r ue a n d t t t
e ff e ct u a l .

praes t a r e Du p o rt
'
s w ord he r e i s i n n -s l ut », whe e r as i n the qu e s t i o n
h e h a s «o n ?» w h i ch p f m i
H e p u s t he t cl a u s e “ —
er o r
”
n a p a re n t h es i s .

F m xa
or e
’
re t f t h t v e b u ed f G d i
v c o m p a re t he fu
t he e p u re o a r s o o n x o

i t i u f t he L d P y e i Dup r t
’
s o o or s ra r n o .

p t q m d l v e r i n t T h g f d l en t i c m m c d
o s u a a o e e a e o
“
a o es c a o en e

st i ct ly t fi ft e y e
r a Yo t/ i h e h w t b t he t i m f f l fi ll i g b p
en a rs . n z s re s o n o e e or u n a

ti m l
s g g m
a t N w l l h a t h am e w d i n h i L g e C t c h i m
en a e en s . o e s e s or s s ar a e s ,

an d N rt t l t e t h m whe n t h y
o on g w t y
ra n s a d b l w s e e a re ro n o e a rs ,
”
an e o ,

ft th y w e g w m ye l ha ”
“ “
a er i e f7 er bi d ro n ore n a rs . anna a so s u a o

gr owt h
”
le v e r i n t, ”
H a r w o od ,
”
be i ng a tf ull . u t e x e p he h i s e x c e s s e r i n t .

A t hi s t p oi n t ,
w e ll p s e
in his c
La r ge C a
t id e t e c h i s m , No as s on o on s r

C fi mati
on r I e pl ti on f
. p vi t t m t t h t chi l d
n x an a on o a re ou s s a e en
“
a re n ,

a ft t h y w m e g w n i y s ught t ck w l d g t he t t h f
er e e re or ro n ea r , o o a no e e ru o

t h i b p t i m h w i te : 5 P
e r a s ,
t ”
d ch l m t
e r d id i s ld “
. a re n s an s oo a s ers n o

t i m e d i l ig t ly i t c t t h i chi l d
en o n s rua b y g th y w bl
e r re n , a s s on s a e e e re a e

t o p i ve
e rc e d nd t a d i n t h fi t p i c i pl
an u f Ch i t i a r e l i g i
e rs n , e rs r n es o r s n on ,

F the w hi c h p p
or l l i tt l h t b k w hi ch w ur m C t
ose a so e s or oo s, e na e a e

c hi m s w r w i tt
s, (b v e e l i b i qu C t hi m
r en st i pp ll t
re es r , os a ec s os no r a e an ,

c on s c ib b t ur) wh e r i n t h e
r e an a m e o v ry l i k ,
m a tt ewe w s ,
r e e ers as no a re

i h d w i th w e e n t
n an t d up ,
A d fter t h t t h c hi l d e re a e m d on . n a er a e r n s ee e

t o b ffic i
e t ly t i n ed i t h p i i pl
su en f ral i gi t h y b gh t n e r nc es o ou r re on , e rou

d ff d th m t t h b i ho p AT F w h t p p e d id t h y ? '

an o e re e un o e s . . or a ur os e so

S T h t c hi l d
. a m i gh t a ft b pti m d ren t he m e w h i ch ch w er a s o sa su as e re

o ld who w e l
e r, c ll d t l m er i th t i a so ch l f a l i gi
e d id ca ec en en ,
a s, s o a rs o re on ,

i n old t i m b f e t h t b p t i m i t s l f F t h b i ho p d i d q i e
e e or ,
or r a e r, a a s e . or e s re u r

an d t h chi l d e e d id d a r d cc n t f t h i e l i gi
n re n der re s on an a ou o e r r on an

f i th
a d uc h c h i l d e
: an th b i h p j d g d t
s h v ffic i
r t ly p fi t e d
n as e s o u e o a e su en ro

i t he u d
n t d i g f e l i gi o h l l ow d and l y i g h i h d u p
n e rs a n n o r n e a e ,
a n s an s on

t he m d b l i g t he m l t t h m d e p a rt Th i ll w c d b l i g
, an es s n ,
e e , s a o an e an es s n

o f t he b i h p me d
s c ll C fi m t i o
o o ur Re E D i l n y th
o a on r a n.
”
v . . an e sa s e

a g m e t i t h C t ch i m i
ea n n o a he h ll b
e a e bl t l s wh t s s s oo n s s a e a e o e a rn a

a l m so e w t n voB t t h t i s t he t i m e w h
,
e c h i t h T AU G H T
. u a en e s o e .

Du r e l ( Pa e d o b a p t i s m u s Pu b l i cu s ) Me m i n i s s e v os o p o r te t v e s t ri

m u n e ri s e s s e a c ofii c i i , p r o v id e r e u t I n fa n s i s te d oc ea t ur , ubi p i mru m p e r

17 4 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

Resp onri o . An s w er .

A d p erp e t uam m e m o ri a m sa c ri fi c i i For a con ti nu ous re m e m b ra n c e of

R e v i s ed Ve r s i on rig h t ly pl y a n d ga v e t h a n k s
ha s “
b les s ed
In s im ,
“
.

Ma r k x i v 2 2 2 3 a ga i n we h a v e s bk oy i a g c o n ce r n i n g t he b r e a d a n d
.
, , ,
’

r a ,

x p wr l a g c o n c e r n i n g t he cup ; h e r e t he Au t h o r i z e d V e r s i o n h a s
' '

u t a r o
“
b l e s s e d i n t he fo r m e r c a s e a n d
”
w he n he ha d g i ve n t ha n k s i n t he,
” “

l a tt e r : t he R e v i s e d V e r s i o n h a s w he n h e h a d b l e s s e d a n d wh e n ,
” “

he ha d g i v e n t h a n k s In Luk e x x n 1 9 we h a v e ebx p o r éa a g c o n c e r n i n g
. . a t

t h e b r e a d a n d s i m ply ( b m g [ s e abxa p a r j a g c on c e r n i n g t he cup

] h
’

,
oa z u ere
. t r o

t he A u t h o r i z e d V e r s i o n h a s g a v e t ha n k s t he R e v i s e d V e rs i o n w he n
“
,

h e ha d g i v e n t ha n k s ”
l n 1 C o r x i 2 4 we h a v e bx p o r fio a g c o n c e rn i n g
. . . e a t

t he b r e a d a n d « bo a ti n ; c on c ern i n g t he cu p
,
g t he A u t h o r i z e d V e r s i o n he r e
ha s w he n he ha d g i ve n t ha n k s a n d s o t o o t he R e v i s e d V e r s i o n
“
,
”
.

T he R e v i s e d V e r s i o n h a s r e m o v e d t h e l i a b i l i t y t o e rr o r w h i ch e x i s t e d i n
t he A u t h o r i z e d V e r s i o n o f Ma tt he w x x v i ha v in g “
2 6 ; ebxoy fio g i s . a

b le s s ed ( a s t he Au t h o r i z e d V e r s i on r i g h t ly t a k e s i t i n Ma r k x i v
”
.

ha v i n g b l e s s e d i t t he b r e a d ) : t h e o b j e c t o f s bk o y fio a g i s
“ ”
n ot

God u n d e r s t oo d a n d i n t h i s wa y t h e r Moy m g o f Ma tt h e w a n d Ma r k
’

r a
,

i s e qu i v a l e n t t o t he bx p o r fj a g o f Luk e a n d S t Pa ul gi v i n g
“
é a t In o . .

t ha n k s o r b l e s s i n g G o d C hr i s t c o n for m e d H i m s e l f t o t h e J e w i s h
” “ ”

c u s t o m o f a ck n o w l e d g i n g G o d a s the a u t ho r o f e v e r y go o d a n d p e r fe c t
g i ft . T h i s t h e y d id a t t h e i r o r d i n a r y m e a l s b y g i v i n g t ha n k s o n t a k i n g
t he b r e a d a n d t a k i n g t h e c u p In fa c t t h e J e w s w e re fo rb i d d e n t o e a t o r
.

d r i n k w i t ho u t r e n d e r i n g t h a n k s t o G o d a n d h e wh o t r a n s g r e s s e d t hi s ,

c o m m a n d wa s h e l d g u i l t y o f s a c r i l e g e T he J e w i s h fo r m o f b l e s s i n g .
,

w h i ch i n a ll p r ob a b i l i t y Chr i s t e m pl o y e d up o n t hi s o cc a s i o n i s a s fol ,

l o w s : o n t a k i n g t he b r e a d B a r u c h a tt a E lo h i n o o Me l e ch ha ola m ha
, , , ,

B l e s s e d b e t h o u o u r G o d k i n g o f t he
”
m o t s e Le c he m m i n ha a r e t s ,
“
, ,

u n i v er s e who b r i n ge s t fo r t h b r e a d o u t o f t he e a r t h ! a n d o n t a k i n g
,
”

B a r u c h E lo h i n o o Me l e c h h a ola m B o r e p e r e y h a gge p he n
“ ’
t he c u p , , , , ,

B l e s s e d b e o u r G o d t h e k i n g o f t he u n i v e r s e t he c r e a t or o f t h e fru i t o f
, ,

t he v i n e F r o m t h i s i t i s cl e a r t h a t t he bles s i ng G od a n d t he g i v i ng
.
,

t ha n hs r e fe r t o on e a n d t h e s a m e a c t T hi s c u s t o m s t i ll o b t a i n s a m on g .

t he J e w s a s o n e e x a m pl e a m o n g m a n y s e e t he S k e t c h o f t he Life a n d ,

J o u rn a l o f t he Re v J W o l ff Mi s s i o n a r y t o Pa l e s t i n e a n d Pe r s i a
. .
, I “

w o ul d n o t r e c i t e the p r a y e r b efor e w a s hi n g h a n d s b e ca u s e i t s a y s t ha t i s
c o m m a n d e d o f G o d b u t pe r for m e d t ha t t he y u s e o n b r e a k i n g t he b r e a d l
,

B l e s s e d b e t ho u o h Lo r d o u r G o d K i n g o f t he w o r l d s ! who h a s t
, ,

b r o u gh t fo r t h t h e b r e a d fr o m t he e a r t h Aga i n i n d e s c r i b i n g a we d .
’
,

d i n g Mr W o l ff w r i t e s :
, . Me r c a d o [t he h i gh p r ie s t ] t o ok the c u p of w i n e ,

b l e ss e d a r t t ho u O Lor d o u r G o d k i n g o f t he w or l d l
”
s aying
’
, , ,
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . :7 5

t
mo r i s C h r i s i , t be n e fi c oru m q u ae ( t he ) a c ri fi ce o f s
C hri s t ‘
s d ea h, t
i n d e p e rc i p i m u s ( t he ) b e n e fi t s w hi
'

. of ch we r ec e iv e
th en c e .

No w e ll ’
s S m a l l Ca t e chi s m t he n co n t i n u e s “
I n q n em n s n m ? ”
w hi ch

qu e s t i o n co rr e s p o n d s to
“
Q u a m ob re m — i n s t i t u tu m e s t ? ”
The w o rd

i n s t it u tu m i s the on ly e q ui va le n t i n Du r e l s
’
v ers i on fo r t h e a cco u t n of

ins i t t ti u on i n No w e ll .

C o e n a e : Ed . 1 6 87 ha s C oe n i .
”
Eds . 1 6 85, 1 6 96 , a n d 1 7 03 ha v e
C oe n a e r i gh t ly .

Ad p e r pe t a m a me m
H p og d drak eu r r o v ( i n d / r 719 fiv o i a g Ga v é r ov r o il

X p wr o i}, xa i b p y ww w( in : (i i i g p er a k a p fi d v oy w Dup o r t
’
-
d in r Pe tle y
’

e e . . s

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.

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’
. .

c e rn i n g the S a c ra m e n t Ne i t h e r c a n h e b e d e v o u t t ha t o t h e r w i s e d o t h ,

r e s u m e t ha n i t wa s g i v e n b y t h e Au t h o r W e m u s t t he n t a k e h e e d l e s t
p .
,

o f t he m e m o r y i t b e m a d e a s a c r i fic e ,
.
 17 6 TH E CA TE CH IS AI .

Q u e s ti o
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Q u aen a m es t
p t
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Do m i n i ( pa rt) ( t he ) si o f ( t he ) Lo rd s
'

n um C oe n a e ?
, or
gn
Su pp e r ?

b e n e fi ciorum “
t o t a he i n g ood pa rt floor p r es en t ( m u n u s c u lu m
a

b on i c on s u le r e ), to a ckn o wledg e a g ood tu rn in 7 a n n a .

b e n e fi c ioru m of cour s e d e p en d s u p on m e m or i a m .
”

i n d e se .
p er m or tem C hr i s i , t ”
o r, p er s a cr i fi ci um m o r i s Ch ri s i t t .
”

C f No. w e ll s’
S m a ll Ca e ch i s m t v e p er ea m (s c m o rt e m ) a n d s o h i s
abo ,
“
.
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Mi d d l e Ca t e ch i s m So too . Du p o r t h a s (i t im ) ; ( s c r fi g ev i g r 07 a . a a 1

Ga v azr ov) ;
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t he ge n d e r of c o u r s e p re cl u d e s r e fe r e n ce t o s a c r a m e n t “
.
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Pe t le y ha s i n r efi Oav .

p e r c ipi mu s E ds . 1 6 8 5, 1 6 87 , 1 6 96 , a n d 1 7 03 ha v e p ercep im u s ,
”

t he p e r fe c t t e n s e The E n g l i s h V e r s i o n h a s t he p r e s e n t
. .

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, ,

i t m ea n s re c e i v e
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,

t h e qu e s t i o n w h i ch fo ll o w s i t T he v e r b a p p e a rs t o m e a n l i t e r a ll y
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t he w i n d p i pe ) v o x a m e n t e p r i n c i p i u m d u ce n s ( t he v o i c e d r a wi ng i ts
beg i n n i ng f r om t he m i n d ) p e r c i p i t u r e t fu n d i t u r ” I t i s t r u e t h a t h e a d d s .

t ha t Da v i e s w o u l d r e a d p r oji c i tu r a n d B u he r i u s p r a e c i p i ta t ur t he re ”
, ,

b u t h e fu r t h e r a d d s t h a t h e h i m s e l f s e e s n o c a u s e fo r c ha n ge : N emp e “

v ox ,
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. e . coll i gi t u r ,

ex c i p i tn r : on o s en s n p e r c i p e re d i ci co n s ta t .
”
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late “
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C i c d e Off A n d s o , p h i l o s o p hi c a lly u s e d , p e r “
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59 a n d i i 3 1 2
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c i p e r e ( s a y s E r n e s t i ) d i c i t n r d e i i s r ebu s , q n a s c er to s c i m n s , q u a e c o m
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p r ehe n d n n t n r , on i bn s q u e s i n e e r r a n d i p e r i cu lo a s s en ti m n r .

Q u a e n a m e s t pars : Ti ipa
c Ea r l 3
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Kvp t a x o fi Du p o rt t t
a n i a lly t he s a me
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Ex ov oIv p i n ; u p oi v for b ot h] hoc s a cr a m en t u m , p er i n d e a ton e bap ti s m u s

c on s ta t gn a r n m v n a te r r en a [G r e e k , y ijwov] es t a tq ; s u b s en s n s co d en s
[G r ee k ,
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] es t q u ae s en s i bn s ex t er n i s
 TH E CA TE C H IS TII
'
.

Q u es ti o
a .

Q u ae n a m es t p a rs in t e rn a s eu re s W ha t p a r t p ra y is ( t he) in w a rd

si n i fi c a ta ?
g ( p a rt ) or ( t he ) t hi n
g s i g n i fi ed ?

bo th p t s ar of t he s a ra m e n c t? 5 . Yea v e r i ly ,
mas te r . F or si t h th e Lo r d
ha th e p e x l r c o mm a n d e d i t w e r e a m m t h i gh o f e n ce i n a n y p a r t t o
ss y so .

a b r i d ge hi s c o m m a n d m e n t ( No r t o n s T r a ns l a t i o n )
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.

A R a t i o n a l A cc o u n t o f t he g r o u n d s o f Pr o t e s t a n t R e l i gi on b y
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In ,

B i s h o p St i lli n gfi e e t Lo n d o n 1 66 5 we fi n d t h e fo ll o w i n g r e m a r k it is
‘
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l e a r n e d ly p r o v e d b y P et P i cher elln s P F i cher el d e Mi s s ei c 4 ”i n . . . . . .

m a rg i n ] t h a t t he br ea d wa s a p p o i n t e d t o r e p r e s e n t n o t t he bod y i n i t s
,

c o m pl e a t s n bs ta n ce b u t t h e m e e r fles h w he n t h e blood i s o u t o f i t a c c o r d
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i n g t o t he d i v i s i o n o f S a cr ifi ces i n t o fles h a n d blood ; fro m w h e n c e i t

a pp e a r s t h a t t h e S a cr ifi ce o f Chr i s t s d e a t h c a n n o t b e r e p r e s e n t e d m e er ly
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b y on e k i n d e t c ,
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u n us ua l an d e m p ha t i c p o s i t i o n we m i gh t t r a n s l a t e t h e fi r s t Dr i n k
.

o f i t a ll m e n or
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t he y d r a n k o f i t e v e ry m a n .

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.

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. .
,

a n d the n ( v er 1 6 ) he s a y s t h e c u p o f b l e s s i n g w h i ch we b l e s s i s ( o r
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s i g n i fi e s ) i t n o t t h e c o m m u n i on o f t h e b l o o d o f C hr i s t T he b r e a d w h i c h
we b r e a k i s ( o
,
r s i gn i fi e s ) i t n o t t h e c o m m u n i o n o f t h e b o d y o f C h r i s t ? ”

u s s i t e c om m a n d D o this s a s i m p e r a t i v e a s t he m a n
”
j T h e t c i ,
.
,

d a t e s o f t he Mo r al La w r e v e a l e d t o Mo s e s
a s C o n i n g t o n pu t s
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a c c i p i B a gs t e r h a s
. s u m i ju s s it a c c ip er e .
,

i t ( I n d e x t o G e o r g o f V i r gi l ) i s a c o rr e l a t i v e t o d a r e
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,
”

t a k e t o o n e s e l f ; r e c i p e re t o t a k e b a ck p e r c i p e re t o t a k e t ho r o u gh ly
, ,
”

o r t hr o u g h a m e d i u m ; ( s e e b e l o w ) t o t a k e u p la y ho l d o f
”
s u m e re
“
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, ,

“
Te n e m u s q u a e s u n t i n n o s t r a p o t e s t a t e s um im us p os i t a ( t hi n gs
s t a t i on a r y) a c c i p i m u s d a t a ( w ha t i s I s id o r u s Di ff 1 ,
. .

S t p m a wé wov
[ ]
Q

Q u a e n a m e a 1 s Ti f om n n)
'

p y sc p é p og r
,
i .

( D u p o r )t P e.tl e y h a d T i (i i 7 6 { y r o wp ri me
-
To a i m r é p w o v na
, r

N o w e ll s Sm a ll C a t e c hi s m ha s Coe les t i s i lla p a r s & r en zota a b om n i

’ e

bn s ex ter n i s s en s i bn s ( G r e e k a iq ov ) gn a en a m es t 9 ,
r .

s e u E d s 1 6 8 5 1 6 87 1 6 96 1 7 03 h a v e a c o m m a b e fo r e s e u
” “
.
, , ,
s eu .

i m pl i e s t h a t p a r s i n t e r n a a n d r e s s ign i fi c a t a a r e e q u i po ll e n t Cf
“ ” ” “
. .

t h e T a b l e o f t he Sa cr a m e n t s i n Ap p G
”
H a r w ood a l s o ha s s eu . . .
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 17 9

C o rp u s sa n
g u is t
C h ri s i , q u ae Chr i s t ’
s bo d y b l o od , w hi ch

s ign i fi c a t a s ign i fi c a r e ,
” “
to cer t ifi e oj ;
”
in 7 a n na . Eds . 1 6 85 ,

1 6 87 ha v e a fu ll t
s op a f e r t s i gn i fi c a ta .
”
Eds . 1 6 96 a n d 1 7 03 ha v e a no e t
of in t e r r og a ti on .

C o r pus s a n gui s C hr i s ti : To xa i a i na r ob Xp
Kv Bri v ov r a r ( Si c )
'
i i rr ep d t ég xa i oi l e in n ) r a7 v m oi
-
J an i n ?
To
p ta mfi As i a s/(p ha y /
'

xa i p s r éxp v r a i ( s i c ) Du p o r t Pe tle y h a d
. . the same w ith s om e d i ff er e n c e i n
t he o r d e r, n o a r t i cl e b e for e a i p a a n d x ex éfu o r a i xa i tra
p eihmr r a t fo r t he
.

verb s . Har w ood ha s the s a me a s Du r e l .

No we ll ( S m a l l C a t e c hi s m ) ha s a s om e wh t a l on ge r an s we r :
“
Corp u s
69° s a ng u i s Chr i s ti , on a e i n coen o d om i n i ca fi d e li b ns d a n tn r [G r e e k a o i
or al
p oo ev s xfi év r a a br oi g i n To? xv p t a mfi dei m up Aa n/ Soi v ov o t ], ( l b i l/
i s on e
'

m n

a cczjb i n n tn r , ed n n t n r , 69° bi bn n t n r , coe les t i t a n t am sp zr i t n a lzon e m od o

'
’

[ p p[
b a v ir Mi i p d m p ], r en er a t a n zen [d huQ ei 5 35 rea l y v na i oi],
’

o l/01’ xa n v av a r mo
n } m u r
‘
d eo on i d e m , v i s i cn ti ;ba n i s cor p or a n n t r i t : i ta 69° Cor p n s Chr i s t i a n i m a s
'

n os tr a s sfl i r i t n a li ter p er /i d em [
Wi ’b v fl a f t x thg 5 rd n i o r ewg] a la t 69° s i ca t v i no
hom i n n m cor d a ex hi la r a n t n r , 69° r obo r a n tn r v i r es i ta S a ng u i n e Chr i s t i
a n i m a e n os t r a e r
e ci a n fi tn r a ton e r ecr ea n t n r b er
, fi d em [5 d 1wi o r ewg], on a
r a t i on e co r g u i s Ch r i s ti i n Ca en a r eci p i n n t n r
p us 69° san . Na m Chr i s t n -s
s i bi fi d en t es [ r 07 9
y e m o r oi g] t a i n cer t of a ci t corp or i s a ton e s a ng u i n i s s n z
p a r t i cip es , on d m cer to s e p a n em a ton e v i n u m or e
”
v e fi
n t r i cu lo r ece i s s e

s ci a n t .

T h e gu a r d e d m a n n e r i n h i ch No e ll i n s i s s u p o n t he wce s s i t y o f w t ne

t
f a i th t o a d u e r e c e pt i on o f t he S a c r a m e n i s o r hy o f a ll a tt en t i on W e w t .

s u bj o i n a t ra n s l a t io n Th e b o d y b l o o d o f C h r i s t w h i ch ( t hi n g s )
“
,

i n t h e l or d s s u p p e r a r e g i v e n t o t h e fa i t h ful a n d b y t ho s e a r e t a k e n
’
, ,

e a t en d r u n k i n a h e a v e n ly a n d S p i r i t u a l m a n n e r on ly y e t i n t r u t h s o
, , , ,

fa r i n d e e d t ha t l i k e a s t he b r e a d n o u r i s he s (o u r ) b o d i e s s o a l s o Ch r i s t s
’
,

B o d y fe e d s o u r s o u l s s p i r i t u a lly b y fa i t h l i k e a s b y t he w i n e m e n s ’

h e a r t s a r e ch e e r e d (t h e i r ) s t r e n gt h c on fi r m e d : s o b y Ch r i s t s B l o o d
,
’

o u r s o ul s a r e r e l i e v e d a n d r e fr e s h e d b y fa i t h b y w hi c h m e t ho d C h r i s t s
‘

b o d y & b l o o d a r e r e c e i v e d i n t he S u pp e r F o r C h r i s t a s s u r e ly m a k e s .

t hem t h a t b e l i e v e i n hi m p a r t a k e r s o f hi s b o d y a n d b l o o d a s t he y s u r e ly ,
‘

k n o w t h a t t he y h a v e r e c e i v e d t he b r e a d a n d w i n e w i t h ( t he i r) m o u t h
s t o m a ch In t hi s t r a n s l a t i o n we h a v e fo ll o w e d w he re p o s s i b l e Nor t on s
” ’
.
, ,

l a n g u a ge i n t he La r ge C a t e c h i s m .

No w e ll s Mi d d l e C a t e c hi s m c o n clu d e s t h i s a n s w e r t hu s
’
Co e n a
e t i a m Do m i n i c a v i t a e n ob i s s e m p i t e r n a e s i g n a c o m m u n i c a n s i m m o r t a l i .

t a t i s n ob i s n os tr a e p i gn u s a t q ue r e s u r re c ti on i s ob s e s e xi s tet
,
”
.

Se e n o t e o n qua e i n l a s t a n s wer
”
quae .

13
1 80 TH E CA TE C H /S M .

v e ré re i ps a s u m u n t u r,
p e rc i pi ( t hi n
g s
) t ru ly in v e ry d eed a re

untu r a 7 fi d e li b u s i n C o e n a Do m i n i . t a k en , r ece i v e d b y ( t he) fa i hfu l t

in ( t he) Lo rd Su p p e r
’
s .

vere r e i psa : or
“
re a lly ,
” “
in rea l ity ”
fo r “
re i p sa .
”
Cf Ci c . .

R o s c Am .
44 : a b r e i p s a a qu e a v e r i a e
. 15 . t t t .
”
a M G g
o m i E
lm w;
-

t r uly t
a n d e s s e n i a lly ) , Du po r 5 1! e m i a ong, Pe t le y t .
m .

No w e ll ’
s S m a ll Ca te c hi s m , r e n er a ta m en ,
”
a Oet (i t real y v no i tp
Mi d d le t
C a e c h i s m , v e r e t a m e n , a q u e r e i p s a , b lo t ”
w i ng 6% m i J v r mg .

In “
A S ti p p le m e n t t o t h e C o m m e n t a r y o n t he B o o k o f C o m m o n
Pra y e r , W m N i c h o ll s , D D , A D 1 7 1 1 , we fi n d c e r a i n
. .
“
P u r i ta n s
. . . t
obj ect i on s ag a i n s t t he Com m on -P r ay er , a n s we r e Thi s o rk i s i n the w
B o d l e i a n Li b r a r y , an d t he an s we rs b e b y Tho H u on ,
a re s aid to . tt
P r i n ted An n o Do m . i e , t wo y e a r s a f e r t he p or i o n o n t he
. . t t
Sa c r a m e n t s wa s ad d ed t o t he t
Ca e c h i s m E x c e p i o n 1 4 i s a s fo ll o s
”
. t w
The Ca techi s m s a i th f u r ther ,
t ha t the B od
y a n d B lood of Chr i s t a r e
v e r i ly and in d eed t a ken and re ce i v e d of th e fa i hful t
whi ch s a v ou r s t oo
m u ch of Tr a n s n bs ta n t i a t i o n , e t c T he A n s e r t o h i s i s
”
In h i s . w t “
t
t
S e n e n c e i s s e t d o n a Di ff e r e n c e b e w
e e n A n a ba p t i s ts a n d P ap i s ts tw
t
T he o n e m a k i n g h e m b a r e a n d n a k e d S i g n s ; t h e o h e r t he r e a l a n d t
c o r p o r a l Pr e s e n c e H e r e o n e C l a u s e d i s t i n g u i s he t h b o t h d a n g e r o u s
.

O p in i o n s ( the B ody a n d B lood of Chr i s t v er i ly a n d i n d eed So the n

n o t o n ly b a r e a n d n a k e d S i gn s : ( a r e t o hen a n d r ecei v ed ) S o t he n n o t .

a r e o n ly ) a s i f t h e r e wa s a S t o p o r B r e a t h b u t a r e t a k en a n d r ecei v ed )
(
t o s h e w t h a t t he y a r e n o t i f o u t o f u s e a n d o u t o f u s e i f n o t ( ta hen a n d , ,

t a hen a nd r ecei v ed o f t he f a i thf u l) as if no t t

F a i h , he n v er i ly and i n d eed
no B od y n or B l oo d of C hr i s t etc . We g i v e th e o r i g i n a l p o i n i n g , i n t
a cc o rd a n ce w i t h o u r u n i fo r m r u l e t t ,
ho u g h t h e s e n s e h e r e i s r a h e r
o b s c u r e d b y th e pu n c t u a t i o n .

Ve r i ly a n d i n d e e d m e a n s t ha t t he co m m u n i o n i s t ru e a n d r e a l i n
“ ”

t he c a s e o f t he fa i t h fi i l i n t h e Lo r d s S u pp e r Phy s i c a lly t h e c o m m u n i
’

.
,

c a n t t a k e s a n d e a t s the b r e a d w i t h t he h a n d a n d m o u t h o f t he b o d y
'

Me n t ally he d o e s s o i n r e m e m b ra n c e t h a t C h r i s t d i e d fo r h i m ; i n a
,

s p i r i t u a l a n d h e a v e n ly m a n n e r t h e b o d y o f C hr i s t i s g i v e n t o h i m a n d

t a k e n a n d e a t en b y h i m b y m e a n s o f fa i t h ; he fee d s o n C hr i s t i n h i s
h e a rt b y fa i t h w i t h t ha n k s gi v i n g .

s u m u n t u r B a g s t e r h a s n o c o m m a a ft e r t h i s w o r d In Arn o l d s
’
. .

Dod e r l e i n u n d e r SU ME R E we fi n d t he ex t r a c t fr o m C i c Phi l x i i 7
, , . . .

S a g a s um p s i m u s a r m a c e p i m u s s u m ere
“
b u t i n C i c d e O ff i i i 1 2
,
. . . .
,

s ee m s t o b e u s e d o f t h a t w h i ch a m a n t a k e s v olu n ta r i ly a s d i s t i n gu i s he d ,

fro m t h a t w hi ch he i s c o m p e l l e d t o t a ke a b o ve
'

a cc ip i
"
Se e n ote o n .
_
1 82 TH E CA TE C H IS AI .

Resp on d e. An swer .

A n i m aru m n os t ra ru m co r ro b o ra t i o An i n v i go ra i n g t
r e fre s hi n
g of

rec rea t i o
p er co r pus sa n
gu i n em ou r s p i ri s t t
hr ou gh C hri s s b od y t '

s a me a s Du re l b u t , c on fi r ma t i o
”
and c o n fi r m a n tu r for c o rr ob o r a t i o
”

” ”
an d c orr o b o r a n t u r, and et fo r ac .

tt e f t hi a s w e i i cl d d i the f ll e
The m a r o s n w e f Now e l l
r s n u e n u r ans r o
’
s

S m ll C t e chi m w hi c h we q
a a t e b v e i t he t e
s , C p us uo a o n no on or

g i Ch i t i N w e ll t h c t i e w i t h f t he e pl a t i s p
”
s an u s r s . o en on nu s ur r x an on u on

t he i m p o t a t bj e c t o f t he i d e t i t y
r n su p e m a e c e f t h ub t c e f
s n or r n n o e s s an o

th b e d
e r d w i e a d f t he
a an c i fi c i l ch c t e f t h c e e m y
n ,
n o n on -s a r a a ra r o e r on

An [ p ] vin um [ 6 oi v o g] i n m [7 1i n
“
a n is 6 & 6 s u bs ta n ti a
perg o r og 9
°

o bo i a v
] corp or i s 69° s a ng u i n i s Chr i s t i m n ta n t n r ? ”
Ar e t he t h n e re fo r e

t h e b r e a d a n d t he wi ne c h a n ge d in t o t he s u b s t an ce o f t he bod y an d b l oo d
of Chr i s t? Mi n i m e i llu d en i m es s et n a tu r a m s a cr a n ze n t i , on od 2
m a ter i a coeles ti a to; te r r en a c on s ta r e o p or t et, ex ti ng u er e 9 . No t t
fo r ha
w ou ld b e to ex ti n gu i s h t he na tu re of a c
s a ra m e n t w h i ch ( e
,
s . sa cr am t) en

o u gh tt o c on s i s t of a h e a v e n ly A n i n s ti
and l
a s o an ear t h ly m t e i l a r a .
“

t u ta f u i t a Chr i s t o Coen a , v i Deo p a tr i s a cr ifi ci u m p r o p ecca tor u m r em i s

s i on e ofler a t n r ?
”
t
H a s he n t h e S upp e r b e e n o r d a i n e d b y C hri s , i n t
t t
o r d e r h a a s a c r i fic e m a y b e o ffe r e d t o G o d t h e fa h e r for t h e r e m i s s i on t
of s in s N e ou a ou a m E s t en i m p ecca ti , a ton e i lli d ebi ta e d a m n a t i on i s
.

on u s ta m g r a n e, t a m i m m en s u n z i m m a n e on e p on d u s , v t s oln s Dei f li n s
’

I es a s Chr i s t n s s a cr gfi c z u m , ou o n os a b i lli s li ber a r et, f a cer e p os s et Q u um

'

e rg o S er n a t or n os te r Chr i s t n s ip s e i n cr uce s e m or t i p r o n obi s obt n li t,

v n i cu m [ s i c, b u t
“
un ic am
”
16 3 3 The G r e e k o f b o h i s r zi v [l i r a (s i c) ]
. t
i lla m p erf ecta m s e mp i ter n d m o hos ti a m , Deo p a t r i g r a ti s s i m a m , a d p ec
ca ti ex p i a ti on em s em el in p erp et u u m i mm ola n i t, s celer u m n os tr or um

m a cu las s a ng u i n e s u o e ln en s a to; d e len s a d n os t r a m in a e ter n n m s a lu t em .

f eci t, n i s i v t fi d u ci a m a ton e sp em om n em fi r mi s
‘

obi s v er o n i hi l r eli on i
'

s i me in i llo collocem u s , s emp i ter n i o i lli u s s a c r ifi c i i v s a m f r u ct u m g r a ti s

a n i mi s c p
a i a m s o
n n o d o n i d e m i n Coe n a D o m i n i ca m ax i m) f aci m u s
”
.

By no mea n s . F o r t he b u r d e n of s in , an d d a m n a i on d u e t o i t i s
o f t he t
so h e a vy, t h e w e i gh t so i m m ea s u r a b l e a n d e n o r m o u s , h a o n ly G o d s s o n
’
t t
J es us t
C hr i s wa s a b l e t o m a k e a s a c r i fic e hi ch s ho ul d fr e e u s fro m he m w t .

t
W he n he r e for e o u r S a v i o u r Chr i s o ffe r e d h i m s e l f t o d e a h o n t he c r os s t t
t t t
fo r u s , h e m a d e o n c e fo r e v e r u n o t h e e x p i a i o n o f s i n ha o n ly pe rfe c t t
an d e v e l t i g s c i fic e m t pl
r as n i g t G d t h e f t h e w a hi g w y
a r ,
os ea s n o o a r, s n a a

an d b l tt i g o t w i t h h i s o w b l ood t he p o t o f o
n ou i s t o et l n s s ur s n un o ur ern a

sa l v tioa B t he m d
n . t h i g l ft f s e c p t t o p l ce (o ) c
u a e no n e or u ,
x e a ur on

fi d en ce a n d a ll h o p e m os t fi m ly i n h i m a d t o t a k e the s e a d b e e fi t
r ,
n u n n
 TH E CA TE CH IS M . 1 83

t
C hr i s i ; q u e m a d m od u m p a n e v i no bl ood in s uc h wi s e as o u r bo d i es a re

c o r p o ra n o s ra t
c o rro bo ra n t u r ac re i n v i go ra t ed a nd re fres he d by ( t he )
c rea n t u r . b rea d ( t he) wi ne .

of th t ev
a l
er as ti ng sa c r i fic e w i th gr a t e ful hea r t s, whi ch i n d ee d we c hi e fly
d o i n t h e Lo r d s S u pp e r
’
.

T hi s a n s e r , w “
An i m a r u m , e tc .
, p oin t s t o t he m e n t a l an d s p i r i tua l
o p era t i o n ; and q u e m a d m od u m
“
pa n e v in o ,
”
e tc .
,
p ro ve s th t a t he
b re a d and wi ne t
a r e s i ll b r e a d a n d wi ne .

t
If h e y a re n ot b re a d c o mm a n d e d t o b e
and wi n e, th en wh t a t h e Lo r d
t a k en ( j u s s i t a c c i p i) i s n ot e r e A n d if t he b o d y a n d b l o o d o f Ch r i s t th .

a r e u n d e r t h e fo r m o f b r e a d a n d w i n e a n d p u t i n t o t h e c o m m u n i c a n t s
’
,

h a n d b y a p r i e s t t he y a r e n o t g i v e n o r t a k e n i n a he a v e n ly a n d s p i r i t u a l
,

m a n n e r a n d t he m e a n s w he r e b y t h e y a r e r e c e i v e d i s n o t fa i t h for th e
'

p r o ce s s i s u n d e r t h e e y e .

In T he C a t e ch i s m e t c B e fi y E x pl a i n e d
“
r i ”
Tho Ma r s cha ll D D .
,
.
,
. .
,

R e c t or o f Li n c o l n C o ll e ge 1 6 7 9 t he r e i s a v e r y cl e a r s t a t e m e n t o n t hi s
, ,

a n s w er Th e s t r en g t hn i n g a n d r e fr es h i n g o f o u r S o u l s & c ] a s t h e
“
.

So u l o r i n w a r d m a n t o b e h e r e fe d i s a S p i r i t s o the B o d y a n d B l oo d
, , ,

o f C hr i s t i s a s p i r i t u a l fo o d a n d i s t o b e r e c e i v e d a ft e r a s p i r i t u a l
,
”
ma nn er .

c o r r o b 0r a t i o . Th i s a pp e a r s
cl a s s i ca l n ot to b e a w or d . Har w oo d

ha s “
c on fi rm a t i o .
”
No w e ll ( S m a ll Ca t e c hi s m ) u s e s “
a la t
”
of th e

C o r pu s , a n d
”
fl
r e ci n n t n r a ton e r ec r ea n t u r
”
of t he e ffe ct of t he Sa n
gu i s u p on o u r s ou s l “
p er fi d em .
”
W ith r e ga r d to our b o d i e s , he
’
uses
” ” “
n n tr i t of t he b re a d , and cor d a er hi la r a n t n r and r obor a n t n r

v i r es of t he a ction of t he wi ne .

c or r o b ora n t i a s tr eng then i ng , f a u na .

r e c r e a ti ocr u i t i n g o r
o r, r e a n i m a t i on
re Se e l a s t n ot e ,
”
. .

Me s s r s B r i ght a n d Me d d h a v e r e fe c t i o a n d b e l o w r e fi c i u n t u r
.
” “ ”
,
.

In y a n n a we h a v e s o p or r e c re a t r e fr e s he t h the v erb i s u s e d
“ ” “
,

cl a s s i ca lly o f b o t h b o d y a n d m i n d .

pane vino t he b r e a d a n d w i n e p r o b a b ly n o t b r e a d a n d
“ “
,

w i n e fo r b o t h Pe t le y a n d Dup o r t ha v e t he a r t i c l e I t i s a l s o w or t hy o f .

n o t e t ha t t he y pl a c e b o t h w i n e un d e r the v i n c u lu m o f a
”
b r ea d a n d “

c o m m o n a r t i cl e r oi} &p r ov m i oi v ov t he t wo e l e m e n t s b e i n g j o i n t ly a n d
, ,

i n d i v i s i b ly n e c e s s a r y t o t he d u e a d m i n i s t ra t i o n o f t h e S a c r a m e n t Se e .

t
n o e on An i m a r u m ,
”
e tc .

c o r r o b o r a n t u r : t he t
La i n h e re s up pl i e s t he e ll i p s i s w h i c h th

E n gl i s h l ea v e s .
 TH E CA TE CH /5 M .

n .

Q u id ab
q u i ri t u r q u i i ls re a cc ed u n t W ha t is n e ed e d t
b y ho s e who com e

a d C o e n a m Do m i n i Su pp e r ?
( t he) Lo rd
‘

to s

Q uid i-
é
b li Ti Z un iv im 6 Kv p i a xov Ari m i pxop v mg ;
‘

a s . ra t r oi g 7 l ov

Du p o r t Ti 6 17 1 a i p ci r r o v r m i p bg Kv p ra x ov r t) At i rr v o v oa t r dm r t g ;
'

. s on o n

Pe tle y .

No we ll s Sm a ll Ca t e chi s m ha s
’
Nos tr u m on od es t o fli ci n m ,
v t r ect e a d

Coen a m d om i n i ca m a cced a mn s 9 .
[Mi d d l e Ca t e chi s m , Q u om od o ofi ci o

n os t r o s a t i s a c i em u s ,
f v t r i te coen a m Do m i n i ca m ce lebr em n s The
ans we r to thi s is : Ut n os i p s os ex p lor em n s , n nm v er a s imus Chr i s t i
mem br a .
”
H e he n t co n t i n u e s , Q u i bu s id n o ti s d ep r ehen d em n s f
”

r e q u i t it 11 r . B a gs t e r h a s a c om m a a f er t thi w d s or .

proben t
U t U t e x pl o r e n t s e i p s o s r o ( H a wo d ) .

No w e ll ha s a s o m e w h a t l on ge r a n s w e r i n h i s S m a ll C a t e c h i s m I t ru n s .

t hu s P r i m nm s i ex a n zm o n os p oen i tea t p ecca tor n m n os tr or n m d e i n d e

' '

ti
.
‘

cer ta s pe dc Dei p er Chr i s t n m m i s er i cor d i a n i ta m u r , a ton e n os s u s t i

n ea m n s , c u m g r a ta r ed emp ti on i s p er m or tem ei u s a c ou i s i ta e , m e m or i a .

P r a e ter ea , s i d e v i ta i n e m i a t i on e m 69¢ d e s
f n t n r n n z
p i d eg en d a s er i a cog t

ti n a t n m p r op os i t u m s u s c ip i a m n s P os tr em o, cu m con i n nc t i on i s eti a m , .

cha r i ta t i s on e i n ter hom i n es m n t n a e S m bo lu m i n Coen a d o m i n i ca con

y
t i n ea t u r , si p r or i m os , i d es t m or ta les o m n es , f r a ter n o a m or e, sine v l/
a

m a le n ole n ti a od i an e p r os eon a m u r .
”
W i th t hi s ans we r No w e ll
’
s Sma l l
Ca t e ch i s m c o n cl u d e s .

Ut All hi s t an s we r of c ou r s e d e p en d s u p on r e q u i r i tu r
”
in p oi n t of

c o n s ru t c t i on . T6 ri om d u v i a v r oi v
g, Pe tle y an d Du p o r t .

probent Ly d i o la pid e p r ob a m u s me a lla t an p r ob a s in t ,

”
wi th a

t ou chs t on e we t ry m e ta l s, whe the r they be g ood ”

( ya n n a ) . Cf . 1 Cor . x i .

2 8, do x cp a Z e i w t a v r é v
'
- '

. Se e l as t no e t .

s e i p s 05 t he e x a m i n a i o n i s t o t be se l f-c o n d uc t e d ,
n ot c on fe s s i o n to
ano t he l e s s t o a Pr i e s t
r, m u ch .

n u m : t he c o rr e c t w o r d w he t he r w h e re t h er e i s on ly o n e
” “
fo r ,

d i v i s i on o f a qu e s t i o n T h e t h r ee qu e s t i on s h e r e i n t r od u c e d by
”
n um
“
.

ar e i n d e pe n d en t o f on e a n o t h e r Pe t le y a n d Dup o rt
“ ’ ”
dpa y an . u r
,
.
,

H a r wo o d .

p r a e c e d e n t i u m p o e n i t e a t : l i e ra lly i t r e p e n s he m o f fo r c
—
t “
t t
go i n g s i n s
”
B a gs te r h e r e h a s
.
“
n u m p r a e t e r i t o ru m e o s p e cc a o ru m v e r e t
”
p o e n i t ea t .

prop o s i tum p ur p os e , 7 ann a .

Bt fi a i wg ‘
n
p oyp rmév o r, Dup or
'
Cf t . .

t he Ari s t ote l i a n n p oa i p wrg, an d s u ch p a s s a ges as } y d p n p ocu p ei ofi a i r d y a Q el

To

11 r d e a r d woroi T wi g foy er! ( E th iii . . e tc .

1 86 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

v itam i n s t it u e nd i ; n um fi d em v iva m b e gi n n i n g a ne w l i fe ; wh th th y e er e

ha be a n t in m i se ri co rd i a m De i p er ha v e a
'

livin g t
fa i h on G d s t d
o
’
en er

C hri s t u m , g ra ta m em o r i a mo r t e m t
he a r ed n ess th r ou
gh Ch i t w i th
r s ,

ma n b r in g w i th h i m t o t he su pp e r ,
re p e n t a n c e fa i t h a n d cha r i t y [La t
, ,
.

c ha r i t a t e m ], s o p o s s i b ly m a y b e s i n c e r e a n d u n fe i g n e d ( No w e ll s
’
n ea r a s ,

La r g e C a e c hi s m t . No r t o n s Tr a n s l a t i o n )
’
.

T he R e v i s e d V e r s i o n of t he Ne w Te s t a m e n t s ub s tit t u es l o v e fo r
“ ”

c ha r i t y i n a ll p a s s a ge s To s u ch a s u b s t i t u t i o n t hr e e
”
.
'

o b j e c t i o n s we

t h i n k m ight b e o ffe r e d F i r s t t ha t t he re i s a gr e a t d i fle r en c e b e tw e e n
.
,
'

d y d m ; a n d {p g o r e ve n p k i a b e tw ee n c ha r i t a s a n d a m o r b e tw e e n
” ”
ul r ,
’ ,
“
cha r i t y a n d l o v e
” ”
A r ch b i s h o p T r e n c h w r i t e s i n h i s
“
. S y n on y m s
“

o f t he Ne w T e s t a m e n t E d 7 th p p 3 9 4 0 : t he r e a r e a s pe c t s i n
,
”
.
,
.
,
“

w h i ch t he d i l i g i i s m or e t h a n t h e a m a r i t he d y n aerem t ha n the
‘ ’ ‘ ’
,
a

p xet a em
i T he fi r s t e x p r e s s e s a m o r e r e a s o n i n g a tt a c h m e n t o f ch o i c e
.
,

a n d s e l ect ion fr o m a s e e i n g i n t h e o b j e c t u po n ,

w ho m i t i s b e s t o w e d t ha t w hi ch i s w or t hy o f r e g a r d ; o r e l s e fro m a
s e n s e t ha t s u c h i s d u e t o w a r d t he p e rs o n s o r e g a r d ed a s b e i n g a b e n e fa c t o r , ,

o r t he l i k e ; w h i l e t he s e c o n d w i t h o u t b e i n g n e c e s s a r i ly a n u n r e a s o n i n g ,

a tt a c h m e n t d o e s y e t g i v e l e s s a cc o u n t o f i t s e l f t o i t s e l f ; i s m o r e i n s t i n c
,

t i v e i s m or e o f t he fe e l i n gs o r n a t u r a l a ffe c t i o n s i m p l i e s m o r e p a s s i o n
, ,

w hi l e m e n a re c o n t i n u a lly b i d d e n d y a m w r o G é ( Ma tt x x i i 3 7 '

v e v . .

Lu k e x 2 7 ; I Co r v i i i
. a n d g o o d m e n d e cl a r e d s o t o d o ( R o m v i i i
. . . .
,

2 8 ; I Pe t e r i 8 ; I j o hn i v 2 r) t he ¢ . 0£7 v r é u o ed u i s c o m m a n d e d t o .
,
\

t h e m n e ve r .
”

An d a ga i n p 4 1 I o b s e rve i n c on cl u s i on t ha t €p wg ip fi v lp r j g
,
.
,
l
,
a a
'

r
,

n e v e r o cc u r i n t h e N T T he i r a b s e n c e i s s i g n i fic a n t ; i n p a r t n o
. .
,

d o u b t t o b e e x pl a i n e d fr o m t he fa c t t h a t b y t he c o rr up t u s e o f t he w o r l d , ,

t he y h a d b e c o m e s o s t e e p e d i n e a r t hly s e n s u a l p a s s i o n c a r r i e d s uc h a n ,

a t m o s p he r e o f u n h o l i n e s s a b o u t t h e m ( s e e O r i g e n P r ol i n Ca n t 015p . . .

k
t o m i i i pp 2 8
. . t ha t t he t ru t h o f G o d a b s t a i n e d fr o m t he d e fi li n g c o n t a c t
.

w i t h t he m y e a d e v i s e d a n e w w or d fo r i t s e l f r a t he r t ha n b e t a k e i t s e l f to
,

on e o f t he se .

U p o n s i m i l a r gr o u n d s we ob e j ct t o t he su b s t i t u t i o n of l o v e fo r “ ”

c ha r i t y b e c a u s e t he l a tt e r
”
, is p u re of t he p u r e w he re a s t he fo rm e r i s
,

t a in ed t w i t h t he d e fi le m e n t s o f t he w or ld .

T he se co n d ob e j c t i on coi n ed to
is t ha t as &y d rr q wa s a ne w te r m
e x p r e s s a n e w i d e a s o i n o u r E n gl i s h t r a n s l a t i o n o f 1 6 1 1 th e t ra n s l a to r s
, ,

w e r e r i gh t i n u s i n g a n e w w or d w h i c h ha d n o w o r l d ly co n n o t a t i o n a tt a ch
i n g to i t A r c hb i s ho p T r e n ch w r i t e s (la c ( i t p 4 1 )
. i t s ho u l d n ot b e . . .
“

fo rg o tt e n t ha t d y é m ; i s a w o rd b o r n w i t h i n t he b o s o m o f r e v e a l e d r e l i g i o n
i t o ccu r s i n t he S e p t u a g i n t ( 2 S a m x i i i 1 5 C a n t i i 4 ; J e r i i an d . . . . . .
 TH E CA TE CH I SM . 1 87

i lli u s re c o le n t es
; n u rn
'

t
nd e m e a q u a
a th an k fu l r e m e m b ra n ce r ec a ll i n g hi s
p ar es t c ha r i t a t e om n es hom i n e s t
d ea h ; w h th e er l as t ly with t h t a

am
p le c t an t u r . c ha r i t y w i t h w hi ch it i s fi t th y e

e m b ra c e a ll m en .

i n t he Ap oc r yph a ( W i s d i i i 9 ) b u t he r e i s n o r a c e o f i t i n a n y h e a h e n
. . t t t
w t w t
ri er ha e v er , a n d a s l i l e i n Phi l o o r o s e p h u s ; tt B u t t he r e a s on J
m a y li e d e e p e r s i ll t
E p wg, a s h a s b e e n t he c a s e
.
'

i h s o m a n y o he r wt t
w t
o r d s , m i gh h a v e b e e n c o n s e c r a e d a n e
, d es
t
p i e o f t he d e e p d eg ra d a w t
t t t t w
i on o f i t s p a s h i s o r y ; a n d he r e e r e e n d e n c i e s a l r e a d y o r k i n g fo r t w
t t
hi s i n t he Pl a o n i c u s e o f t he o r d , n a m e ly, a s t h e lo n i n w
g g a n d y e a rn i n g .

d e s i re t th t
a f er u n s ee n b u t e e r n a l B e a u t y t he fa i n t v e s t i ge s o f wh i c h
a t ,

m a y he r e b e e v e ry w h e r e t r a ce d B u t i n t he v e r y fa c t t h a t Ep wg d i d
e x p r e s s t hi s y e a r n i n g d e s i r e t hi s lon gi n g a ft e r t he u n p o s s e s s e d '

la y i t s d e e p e r u n fi tn e s s t o s e t fo r t h t h a t Ch r i s t i a n l o v e w hi c h i s n o t ,

m e r e ly t h e s e n s e o f n e e d o f e m p t i n e s s o f p o v e r t y w i t h t he l o n gi n g a ft e r
, , ,

fu l n e s s n o t t he y e a r n i n g a ft e r a n u n a tt a i n e d a n d h e r e u n a tt a i n a b l e
,

B e a u t y ; b u t a l o v e t o G o d a n d t o m a n w hi ch i s th e c on s e q u e n c e o f ,

G o d s l o v e a l re a d y s h e d a b r o a d i n t he h e a r t s o f h i s p e o pl e
’ ”
.

I n a s i m i l a r s p i r i t a n a b l e w r i t e r i n t he E d zrzé u rg / z R ev i e w s a y s o f t h e
'

w o r d c ha r i t y i t s e l f t ha t r ea d er s w ou l d i n s t i n c t i v e ly d i v i n e t ha t t hi s
,
“

v e n e r a b l e a n d r y thm i c a l w o r d wa s s p e c i a lly c on s e cra t e d t o t he u s e o f

t he Ap o s t l e t ha t h e m i g h t d e s c ri b e m o r e a ccu r a t e ly a n d m o r e i m p r e s
‘

s i v e ly t he i n e x p r e s s i b l e g r a c e of t h a t l o v e w h i c h n e v e r s ho n e i n t he e y e s

o f m e n t i ll G o d h a d g i v e n t h e m t he S o n o f h i s Lo v e
”
.

Th e t h i r d o bj e c t i on w h i c h we h a v e t o m a k e t o t he c h a n ge i s t ha t t he
l o s s o f th e t e r m c ha r i t y fr o m t he Ne w T e s t a m e n t w o u l d r e n d e r u n e x
”

pl a i n e d t h e n u m e r ou s p as s a g e s t hr o u gho u t o u r Li t u rgy i n the

Li t a n y t wo C o ll e c t s B a p t i s m p r i v a t e a n d a d u l t C o m m i n a t i o n H o ly
, , , ,

C o mm u n i o n O r d er i n g o f Pr e s b y t e r s a n d De a c o n s a n d Ca t e c hi s m b e s i d e s
, , ,

Art . a n d t he w r i t i n g s o f d i v i n e s i n w h i c h s o m e fo r m o f t ha t

wo r d o ccu r s a n d w o u l d t e n d t o i n c r e a s e i t s e m pl o y m e n t i n t he n a rr o w e r
a l m s gi v i n g a n d d e c r e a s e i t s w i d e r a n d n ob l e r u s e We
“
s e n s e of -
,
.

c o n clu d e b y s u bj o i n i n g a fe w o u t o f n u m b e r l e s s e x a m pl e s o f s uch a n u s e
fr o m e a r ly t i m e s i n i t s La t i n o r E n g l i s h g a r b
,
Ch a r i t a s s e m p e r r e d d i
tu r s e m p e r d eb e t u r ( Au gu s t i n e Ps xx x i i i t orn v i i i p ,
B e z a ha s
. . . . .

t he w o r d t hr o u gho u t t h e Ne w Te s t a m e n t fo r d y é m ] e x c e p t i n J u d e 1 2 ,

H i s u n t i n a ga p i s v e s t r i s m a c u l a e d u m v ob i s c u m c o n v i v a n tu r s e cu r e
“
,

In The S i ck m a n s S a l u e a b l a ck l e tt e r b o o k
”
s e i p s os p a s cen tes
” “
e tc , .
, ,

d a t e d I 56 4 i n o u r p o s s e s s i o n t h e a u t h o r o f w h i c h wa s T ho s B e a c on
, ,
.

( who s i g n e d t he c e r t i fi c a t e m a d e b y t he C a t he d r a l C hu r ch o f C a n t e r b u r y
t o t he Ar ch b i s h o p s C o m m i s s a r y i n r e p ly t o t he Q u e e n s Le tt e r s t o
' ’
1 88 TH E CA TE CH IS M .

Pa r k e r) , we fi n d as fo ll o w s :
“
E p a ph . S u r eli e l t h i n k e hi m no go o d
c hr i s t e a n n o r fr i e n d u n t o h i s co u n t r y ( w hi c h i f he b e a b l e)
, t r e fu s e h t o

h e l p fo r w a r d t he s t u d i e s o f g o o d w i tt e s I p ra i e y o u n e i ghb o u r Phi l e m o n
, ,

s e t i n t wo h u n d r e d o u d e f m n i e h d e d t o b e i v e n t o t he
p n s o o e o n u n r g ,

U n i v e r s i t i e o f Ca m b r i d g e t he o t he r u n t o O x for d
, Ph i l e T h i s i s a g o d li e . .

a n d c ha r i t a b l e d ee d E p a p h The h i g h wa i e s m a y n o t b e forg o tt e n
. .
,

whi che i n m a n i e p l a ce s a r e v e r i c fo ul e i e o p a r d ou s u n t o th e r e p a i r i n g .

o f the m I , g i v e fo r t i c p o u n d e s w r i t e i t F o r I t h i n k t hi s a l s o t o b e a
. .

d e e d o f c ha r i t i e a n d a c o m m e n d a b l e wo r k e b e fo r e G O D t o r e p a i r e h i g h
, ,

wa i e s t ha t t he p e o pl e m a y s a fe li e a n d w i t h ou t d a n ge r t r a u e ll b y t he
,

wa i e A n d fu r t he r o n t t a i th a n d
”
.
g i v,e m
“
ee L o r d e t h y g ra c e h a m y F , ,

p e r s u a s i o n i n t hy b l o od w a v e r n o t i n m e b u t e ve r b e fi r m e a n d c o n s t a n t , ,

t h a t t he [t ap e o f t hy m e rc i e a n d l i fe e v e r l a s t i n g n e v e r d ec a i e i n m e t ha t , ,

c h a r i ty w a x e n ot col d i n m ee
”
T he n we h a v e H o o k e r
. c o n ce r n i n g “

c ha r i t y t he fi n a l o bj e c t w he r e of i s t ha t i n co m p r e he n s i b l e b e a u t y w hi c h
,

s hi n e t h i n t he c o u n t e n a n c e o f C h r i s t t h e S on o f t h e l i v i n
”
,g G od An d .

Mi l t o n s l i n e
’

add fa i h ,t
Ad d vi r tue pa t i e n ce
, , t em pe ra n c e ; add l o ve .

By n a me t o c o m e c a lle d c ha r i ty . the s ou l

Of a ll t he r es t
.
"

Ag a i n , No w wa lker ! t/ ] Tha t i s t h ou t ra n s gre s s e s t the

za r zt a bly
n ot e/
'

zou ,

la w o f C ha r i t y w h i c h c o m m a n d s t he (e ) t o l o v e t h n e i h b o u r a s thy s e l f ”
, y g
( Pa ra ph r a s e a n d C o m m e n t a r y u p o n t he E p i s t l e o f S a i n t Pa u l t o t he
“

Rom a n s B y W Da y MA Di v i n i t y R e a d e r i n hi s Maj e s t i e s F r e e
”
. .
,
. .
,

C ha pp e l o f S a i n t G e o rge w i t h i n t h e C a s t l e o f W i n d s o r Lo n d . .
,

T h e r e i s a c o u n t l e s s a r r a y o f s u c h a s s a g e s t he c o r r e c t c o m p r e h e n s i o n
p ,

o f w h i ch w o u l d b e m u c h e n d a n e r e d b
g y a s u pp r e s s i o n o f t he p u r e a n d
i n t e ll i g i b l e t e r m C ha r i t y i n t he S a c r e d W r i t i n g s
”
.
1 90 A PP E NDIX E .

Q . W ha t is p en t a n c e ?
re

A . It is a go d ly s o r ro w fo r s i n , a nd a he a r ty a nd re a l t u rn i n g fro m a ll s i n

un o t G od .
”

II .
“
A Q u es i on for t you n g Pe rs on s b e fo r e th eir fi rs t Ad m i s s i on to the Lo rd
'

S u pp e r
”
.

Q . W he r e a s y ou w
e re i n yo u r i n fa n cy b a p i z e d i n o t he n a m e t t of J e s us Ch r i s t ,

d o yo u n o w, u p o n d i s i n c no t tk w
l e d ge , a n d i h fi r m be l i e f a n d wt p i o us a ff e c ti on ,

o wn ha t t C hr i s i a n t f i t h f w hi h
a o c y ou ha v e gi v e n a n a c c o u n , a n d i ha l y o u r t wt
b a p is ma lt vo w o f re n ou n ci n g t he s e r v i c e o f Sa a n , a n d t he t
o r l d , a n d t he l u s s o f w t
t he fle s h , and of d e vo i n g t
y ou rs e l f t o Go d i n a ll hol i n e s s o f l i fe
A I d o s i n c e re l y a n d h e a r t i ly d ec l a r e my b e l i e f o f t ha t fa i t h a n d o wn my
“
.
,

e n g a ge m e n t t o t ha t h o ly v o w a n d r e s o lv e b
y t he a s s i s t a n ce o f G o d s g ra c e t o
’
, , , .

c o n t i n u e i n t he c a re fu l o b s e rv a n c e o f i t a ll m
y d a ys .

( F ro m The W o rk s o f R o b er t Le ighto n D D A rc hb is ho p o f Gl a s go w
“
, .
,

p 506 Ros s E d i n b u rgh MDCCCX X X I X )

. .
, . .

APPE NDI X E .

I I O N O TH LO D s S U PPE R
O N DR . O V E R AL L S
’
OP N F E R
’
.

28 I
“
2 2 .b v y mi i t
n i ght ly i f
s ec . f m th d fi i t i
2 2 a f o e, our n s er r n ers ro e e n on o a

s a c ra m t gi v i th C t hi m t h t w h v
en as iv
en th m t
n ive a ec s a oe e r re c e es e s a c ra en rec e es

th tw d d v i i b l i g d th i w d d p i it l g
e ou ar an s B t t hi d
e s n an e n ar an s r ua ra c e . u s rr o c rn

d fi i ti t w hi h I h v h w i m y A w t D P y ’
e n f m on o a s a c ra en , c a e s o n n ns er o r us e /3

C/ l/ g za l I pp 3 5 8 3 6 0 i Z w i gl i
en e, v o i it . i gi.
,d t t h t h t th
.
—
, s n an n s or n, oes n o ea c a e

ou tw d v i i b l ig wh th w t b d w i
ar s e s t i i i t th w d d
n, e er a e r, re a or n e , co n a n s n e in ar an

spi i t l g r ua A d i g t th C t hi m t h
r a ce . tw m t b t
cco r n o e a ec s e re a re o s a c ra en s , u one

d fi iti
e n q lly ppl i t b t h N w
on e ua p t d t h t w t th a tw d es o o . o n o on e re e n s a a er, e ou ar

v i ib l i g
s e st i th i w d d p i i t l g
n , con a n s t h t i d th t i d e n ar an s r ua ra c e , a s a ea un o s n an a

ne w b i th t i ght r d un o ght t p t d t h t t h
r tw d
e ou s n e s s , an no on e ou o re e n a e ou ar

v i ib l i g
s th
e s tw d p t i g f th L d S pp
n , or e ou t i th i w d ar ar or s n o e or
’
s u e r , c on a n s e n ar

a d n pi i t l g s r th b dyua d bl d f Ch i t ra ce , d th b fit or iv d e o an oo o r s an e en e s rec e e

t h by H k h w ll id l h gh i t [th g
e re . oo er f b pti m] b
as i th e sa ,
‘
a t ou e ra c e o a s e ne er

t d i th w t
s ea e th w t
n h g d i t
e i t wh t h ld i d
a er, n o r m t e a er c an e n o , a s ou n uc e en o

t hi k t h t th g n f th E h i t m t
a d b i
e th E h i t b f
ra c e o it e uc ar s us n ee s e n e uc ar s , e ore

b i
can t h t i v i t ? Th f i t f th E h i t i th p t i i p t i f
e n us a re c e e e ru o e uc ar s s e ar c a on o
‘
th b d y e d bl d f Ch i t
o Th an i t f H ly S i pt
oo w hi h
o r s . ere s n o s en e n c e o o cr u re c

i th t h t w
sa t b y thi a m t b m d p t ke ca n n o f Hi b d y d bl d s s a c ra en e a e ar a ers o s o an oo

p t th y b fi t
e xc e t i d i th e m t e th rs m t b v t d
c on a n e n e s a c ra en , or e s a c ra en e co n er e

i t th m P l b v 67
‘ ’
n o E l e .
—
ce er . . a .
,
. . .

9 I t h ld b
22 ti d th t H k d i d b f th t p t f th C t hi m
. s ou e no ce a oo er e e o re a ar o e a ec s

w f m d w hi h
as ra t i th m d d fi i t i o f
e c m t ; h f
c on a n s e o e rn e n n o a s a c ra en e o cou rs e
 A PPE NDIX E . 19 1

u s es the w o rd s a c ra m e n t as a n c i en t ly d e fi n ed by t
Au gu s i ne (s e c .
44, 4 5,
a bo ve ) .

t t
3 0 The C a ec hi s m d oe s n ot e a ch s u ch a p re s e n c e i n the co n s ec ra e d e l em en s ,
‘
2 . t t
a d t i s n o t rue ha
n i ‘
t t t tt t t
i t s a es d i s i n c ly the d oc ri n e o f the E u c ha ri s i c p r es e n c e , ’ t t
as b e l i e v ed b y yo ur m i n i s e r The C a e c hi s m s a es ha t ‘
t
th e b o d y a n d b l oo d a r e
. tt t t
v e r i l y a n d i n d ee d t
a k en a n d re c e i v e d b y t he fa i hfu l i n t he Lo r d s Su pp er
’
but t
thi s gi v es n o p f th t
r oo a th e b o d y an d b l oo d a re r ec e i ve d i n t he b r e a d an d wi n e.

In t he a b o v e w d th
or vi o u s a l lu s i on to t he wo rd s o f o u r Lo rd i n the
s ere is an ob

s i x t h c ha p t e r o f S t J o hn whe r e H e s a y s W hos o e a t et h m y fles h a n d d ri n k e t h‘

, ,

m y b l oo d ha t h e t e rn a l l i fe a n d I w i ll r a i s e hi m u p a t the l a s t d a y F o r m y fles h
( J ohn v i
.
, ,
‘
i s [ve r i l y o r] i n d e ed m e a t a n d m y b l oo d i s [v e r i ly o r] i n d e e d d r i n k ’
, . .

54 , Ac c o r d i n g t o th e pl a i n t e a c hi n g o f o u r Lo r d t he r e m u s t b e a re c e p t i o n ,

o f Hi s fles h a n d b l o od i n o rd e r to t he a tt a i n m e n t o f e t e rn a l l i fe B u t we ha ve n o .

e v id e n c e w ha t e v e r i n t ha t c ha p t e r t ha t t he re c e p t i on m u s t b e t hr ou gh the m ea n s o f

a s a c ra m e n t m u c h l es s t ha t the fle s h a n d b l oo d i n o rd er t o b e rec e i v e d m u s t b e
,

r e a ll
y p re s e n t i n the s a c r a m en t a l e l e m e n t s A l a rge a m ou n t o f e v i d e n ce h a s b e e n
.

a l r ead
y gi v en i n t hi s l e tt e r t o s ho w t ha t a cc o rd i n g t o t he co m m on t e a c hi n g o f t he
F a t he r s e v e n i n t h e s i x th c e n t u ry the fl e s h a n d b l o o d o f C hri s t c o u l d b e s a v i n gly
, ,

r e c e i v e d w i thou t the Lo r d s Su pp e r a n d b e fo r e a n
y c o u l d r i ght ly r e ce i v e the b o d y
’
,

a n d b l o o d o f C hr i s t i n t he Lo r d s Su pp e r t he y m us t fi rs t b e m a d e t ha t b od y a n d
’
,

b l o o d a n d s o rece i ve th e s a c ra m e n t o r m y s t e ry o f wha t t hey r ea ll y w e re ( s e c 5 5

, .
,

6 6 6 6 a b o ve ) T h e F a t he r s a n d th e R e fo r m e r s Z w i n g l e n o t e x
5 ,
2 4 , 5 99 , , ,
.
, ,

c e p t ed ( s ec 7 2 d ou b t l es s b e l i e v e d tha t a l t hou gh t he b o d y a n d b l ood o f Ch r i s t

.
,

ha d b ee n o r o u ght t o ha v e b e e n r ec e i v e d b e fo re c o m i n g t o t he Lord s Su pp e r
’

, , , ,

e t t h s m e b o d a n d b l oo d w e r e r e c e i v e d i n t ha t ho ly o r d i n a n c e t o c o n fi r m t he
y e a y
l i fe a l r e a d y rec e i ved a n d to c o n fe r i t m or e a b u n d a n t ly B ut a s i n the fi r s t i n s t a n ce .

t he b od y a n d b l o od c o u l d n o t b e r e ce i v e d o t he r w i s e th a n b y fa i t h s o n e i the r c a n ,

they b e r e cei v ed thr ou gh a n y othe r m ed i u m i n the Lo r d s Supp er The 2 8th ’

.

Ar t i c l e a s n o t i c e d i n s ec 2 2 1 a b o v e i s v e ry e x pl i c i t o n t hi s p o i n t The c o n s e cra t e d
. .

s y mb o l s r a n k w i t h t he w r i tt en o r s p o k e n w o r d o f G od o n ly t he fo r m e r a c co r d i n g , ,

t o A u gu s t i n e i n c o m p a r i s on o f t he l a tt e r a re v i s i b l e w o rd s
,
The C a t e c hi s m to o
,
.

l i mi t s t he r ec e p t i on o f the b o d y a n d b l o od i n the Lo r d s Su pp er t o t he fa i t hfu l ’

.

It i s t r u e t ha t y o u r m i n i s t e r ha s g i v e n i n s t a n ce s a s reco r d e d i n s e c 2 2 3 2 2 4 a b ov e .
, ,

i n wh i c h t h e w o rd fa i t hfu l a s a d es i gn a t i on o f a b od y o f p r o fe s s e d Chri s t i a n s m u s t
n o t b e co n s t ru e d t o o l i t e r a ll y i n a s m u c h as all p r o fes s i n g C h r i s t i a n s a r e n o t a l w a y s
,

wha t they p ro fes s o r wha t they o u ght to b e I t wo u ld ha ve b een m o re t o the p u r

,
.

po s e i f you r m i n i s te r ha d s ho we d tha t the w ord fa i thfu l i s n e v e r u s e d i n a n y o the r

s e n s e t ha n a s i n c l u d i n g t he u n fa i t hfu l I t c a n n o t b e q u es t i on e d tha t t he w o rd i s
.

he re u s e d i n i ts p ro p er s en s e n o t a s d e s i g n a t i n g a p rom i s cu ou s n u mb er o f C hr i s t i a n s
a m o n g w ho m t he r e m i ght b e m a n y wh o w e r e u n fa i t hfu l o r u n b e l i e v i n g b u t a s ,

d es i gn a t i n g t ho s e a l o n e who ha d the r e q u i s i t e a p t i t u d e t o r e ce i v e the b o d y w h i c h

a l on e wa s p os s es s e d b y t he fa i t h fu l o r t hos e who t ru l y b e l i e v e d i n C hr i s t
”
.

2 32 Y o u r m i n i s t e r i n s t r u c t s y ou t ha t B i s ho p O v e ra ll c o m p i l e d the l a tt e r pa r t
.

o f the C a t ech i s m b u t he r e a lly d ec e i ves y ou a s he p r o b a b ly ha s b een d e c e i v e d

, , ,

whe n he wou l d p ers ua d e you t ha t the d ec la ra t i on o f i ts d o c t r i ne a s gi ven i n s ec , .

226 T he b od y a n d b l oo d o f Chr i s t i s r ea ll y a n d s u b s t a n t i a lly p r es en t a n d i s s o ,

192 A P P E NDIX E .

ex
'

l nbit a l an d g i v en to a ll th ta rec e i v e
'

it e tc .
] a b o ve , i s fr o m the pe n of O v e ra ll ,
fo r i t i s s i m pl and y a bs o u e l t ly t
u n ru e . The pa ss a ge t
s an d s i n t he Ad
d i t i o n a l No t es on t he C o mmon Pra y e r, ppe n d ed
’
a to Dr Ni c ho lls
’
s Com men t on

t he B ook f o Comm on P r ay e r y s R e s pe c t i n g t h is
. Dea n p as G oo d e t ru l y sa ,

s a ge t ho ugh a d d u ced w i th s u c h c o n fi d e n c e a n d p r es s ed a s ha v i n g a ll t he
, ,

we ight w hi ch O ve ra ll s n a m e a n d p os i t i o n c o u l d gi ve i t i t i s o n l y n e c es s a ry to
'

i n fo r m the r e a d e r t ha t i t wa s n o m o r e w ri tt e n b y B i s ho p O v e ra ll t h a n b y h i m s e l f
[A r c hd ea c on De n i s o n ] a n d t ha t the c o m p i l e r o f t he C a t e n a [i n the Def en ce o f
,

A r c hd e a c o n De n i s o n ] u n l es s he t o o k i t a t s eco n d ha n d m u s t ha v e b e e n a w a re
, ,

o f t hi s F o r i n t he fi r s t pl a c e the s t a t e m e n t p r e fi x ed t o t hes e Not es b y Dr

.
, ,

Ni c ho ll s i s t ha t t he y a r e
, MSS No t es w r i tt en i n a n i n t e rl ea ve d C o m m o n .
,

Pra ye r B oo k i n t he B i s ho p o f Du r h a m s Li b ra ry p r i n t ed i n t he y ea r 1 6 1 9 S U P
’
, , ,

P OS E D t o be m ad e fi
'

o/n t/
ze Collect i on : of B is/
top I Ov er a ll, BY A F R E ND O R

C H A PL A N I OF H IS . An d i n t wo o f th ese N t t t m t h wi g th t
o es o c cu r s a e en s s o n a

B i s ho p O ve ra ll wa s n ot the a u tho r o f th m e , an d th t t h gh t h y w w i tt b y
a ou e e re r en

s ome o n e who wa s c ha pl a i n o r o the r p e rs o n a l tt d t a Ov ll th y d

en tan on e ra ,
e o no

p r o fe s s tob e gi ve n fro m hi s p a pe r s .

2 34 . In t he Def en ce o f A r chd e a c o n De n i s o n , p a ge 3 4 ,
t he fo ll o wi n g i s q u o t ed as

ex p r e ss i n
g the ru e t t
o f B i s ho p O v e ra ll ,
ea c h i n g
Tha i n the ‘
t sa c ra m e n t of t he

t
E uc ha r i s , o r th e Lo r d s Su ppe r , t he b od y a n d b l o od o f C hr i s ,
’
t an d th e re fo r e the
wh l o e of C hr i s t i s v e ri ly a n d i n d e ed p re s e n t a n d i s ve ri ly p a rt a k e n b y us a n d
, , ,

ve r i ly c o mb i n ed w i t h t he sa c ra m e n t a l s i gn s a s b e i n g n ot o n ly s i g ni fi c a ti v e b u t , ,

e x hi b i t o r y s o t ha t i n t he b r ea d d u l y gi v e n a n d r ece i v ed t h e b o d y o f C hr i s t i s ,

gi ve n a n d r ec e i v ed i n th e w i n e gi v e n a n d r ec e i ve d t he b l o od o f C hr i s t i s gi v en ,

a n d re c e i ved a n d t hu s t h e r e i s a c o m m u n i o n o f t he w ho l e o f C hr i s t i n th e c o m ,

m u n i o n o f t he s a c ra m e n t Y e t n o t i n a n y b od i ly gr o s s e a rt hly m a n n e r
.
, , ,

y t ra n s ub s t a n t ia t i o n o r c o ns u b s ta n t i a t i o n o r a n y l i k e d e v i c es o f h u m a n
‘
as b , ,

r ea s o n b u t i n a m ys t i c a l
, hea v e n ly a n d s p i r i t u a l m a n n er a s i s r i ght ly l a id d o w n
, , ,

i n o ur Art i c le s A r q u oterz a n d t r a n s la t ed i n K n ox s R ema i n s v o l IL p 1 6 8

I ' ’
— . . .
. .
, ,

23 5 In r e ply to t hi s I s ha ll g i v e y o u t he re m a r k s o f De a n G oo d e a n d a c o r r ec t
.
,

r e po r t o f t h e r e a l s e n t i m e n t s o f B i s ho p O v e r a ll T he Dea n r e m a r k s U n fo r t un .
,

a tel
y Mr K n o x g i v es n o t t he s l igh te s t i n t im a t i o n w he n c e h i s e x t r a c t i s t a k en .

W he n c e t he r e fo re Mr Kn o x d e r i v ed t he s ta t e m en t o n t he d o ct r i n e o f t he
, ,

E u c ha ri s t w hi c h he a tt r i b u t e s to O v e ra ll I a m n o t a wa re H e t e ll s u s ho w e ve r , .
, ,

tha t t he o c ca s i o n o n which t his s ta te m e n t was m a d e wa s thi s t ha t ha v i n g i n ,

s o m e p u b l i c d i s p u t a ti o n so e x p re s se d hi ms e l f re s p e c t i n g t he E u c ha r i s t a s t o
‘
, ,

e x c i t e j ea l o u s y i n t he m i n d s o f the p u r i t a n i c a l h ea r e r s h e t ho u gh t i t n e c es s a r y ,

e x pl i c i t ly to d e c l a r e w ha t he b e l i e v ed o n t he s u bj e c t An d t he n he gi ve s t he
”
.

wo rd s w hi ch a re q u o t e d i n t he C a t e n a No w I s ha ll n ot s t o p t o m a k e a n y .
,

re ma r k o n t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i on t ha t m i ght b e gi v e n t o t hes e w o r d s b eca us e i t ha s ,

y e t to b e p r o ved tha t O v e r a ll was t he a u tho r a n d I ha v e n o t y e t fo u n d the l eas t ,

‘
t ra ce o f t he m e l se wher e A n d I a m s t i ll l es s d i p o s e d t o d o s o b e ca u s e b e i n g
. s ,

a n x i ous t o a s c e r ta i n i f p o s s i b l e w ha t r e a ll y pa s s e d o n the o c c a s i o n a ll u d ed t o I
, , ,

‘
i ns t i t u te d a se a r c h fo r a n y n o t i c e o f i t I c o u l d fi n d a n d fo r t u n a t e ly d i s c o v e r ed ,

a mo n g t he H a r l e i a n MS S a t t he B r i t i s h Mus e u m wha t I s u ppo s e w i l l he

.
,

a d mi tt e d to b e the m o s t au t hen t i c acco un t o f the m a tt e r n a m e ly on e d r a wn up , ,

r94 A PP E NDIX 0 .

49 . W i s hi ng to p rove to a Ma n i chaea n t h t th wa e o rd s
‘
The b l ood i s t he l i fe
( Deu t . xi i. m us t be in t er p re t e d fi gu ra t i v ly d e , an n ot l i t e ra lly , a m o ng o th er

i ns t a n ce s , t
Au gu s i n e ga v e t he t wo fo ll o wi n
g F o r t he Lo rd hes i tt
a ed n o t to sa y ,

Thi s i s m y b o d y,
”
he n H e ga v e a w s i gn o f H i s b od y F o r t he b l ood was
so l i fe a s the Roc k was C hris t Thu s the A po s t l e s a ys F o r t hey d ra n k o f t ha t
.
,

R oc k whi c h fo ll o wed t h e m a n d t ha t R oc k was C hr i s t B u t i t i s k n o w n tha t

, .

t he c hi l d re n o f I s ra e l d ra n k w a t e r o f t he s m i tt e n r oc k i n t he w i l d e r n es s o f w ho m ,

t he A po s t l e s p ok e w he n he s a i d t hes e t hi n gs he d id n o t ho w e v e r sa y the roc k , , ,

s i gn i fi ed Chr i s t , b ut sa i d t he R oc kw as C hr i s t W hi h g
. c a a in , t h t i t m i ght
a not

be u n d e rs oo d ca rn at lly , he ca ll s it s p i ri t u a l th t i h t
a s, e ea c hes th t i t h ld
a s ou be
u n d e rs oo d t s p i r i t ua lly .
- Con t r a A d i m a n .
, c . xi i . , to m . VI p .
, .

( F ro m Tlze Tr u e B r ea d of L if e , e tc .
)

A PPE NDI X G .

A NA L YT I C AL TA B LE or TH E SA C R AME NTS .

ex ter n u m v zlrzé i le s ig n u m Aq u a
'

I .

a nt
/ ar m a 7 .
q ua
q uis B a p t i sa t u r , I n N om i n e, e tc .

I B APT I S MU S [p a r s
'

z n ter n a :eu r e: “ p d/{f a ta l

2 .
p i r i t ua li : 67
s
’
'

z n ter n a gr a t i a Mo r i pec ca to , e tc ; c u m
.

e ni m e tc .
, hac ra ti on e e tc .

a .
Q u a mobr ern ( S a c ra m e n u m ) i n s t i t u tu m 9 t .

b .
Q u i d r eq n zr zt u r ? R es i p i sc e n ti a , 8; F id es ( I n fa n
' '

t es u t ru m q u e p ro
m i tt u n t p e r s p o n s o r es s uo s ) .

I .
pa r : ex ter n a , s en s i gn u m Pa n i s V i n um .

[a n t /ar ma ?
C o rp u s
4 [p a r s i n t er na egmfi cat a sa n gu i s
I I
'

r eu r es ?
I I C O E NA DO M N
. .

Chri s t i ]
.

k 2 . ben efi c i a q u ae i n d e p er cip i m us ?
c o rr ob o ra t i o , e tc .
An i m a r u m n os t ra r u m

a .
Q na nwor em ( Sa c ra m e n t u m ) i n s t i t ut u m ? Ad pe r pe t ua m m e mo
r ra rn , e tc .

?
' '

b .
Q u id r e u zn
g tn r U t p rohe n t s e i p s os , et c .

No t e I .
Q ua m ob re m i n s t i t ut u m ? not ans w e r ed fo r B a p ti s m .

2 .
“
pa rs in t e r na s e u res s i gn i fi ca t a P n ot t
men io n e d i n B a p i s m t Chri s t
d id n ot hi m se l f ex pl a in t he thi n g s i gn i fi ed b y W a te r , as he d id ex pla i n
t he thi ng s ign i fied b y B rea d and Win e . H e d id n o t sa y o f t he wt a er

thi s is or s i gn i fi es thi s or th t a .
 A PP ENDIX H . :9 5

The re i s a co n fu s i o n po s s i b l e be t w ee n pa rs in t e rn a , t. e .
, r es

s i g n i fi c a ta ,
”
and
“
p a rs ( u n a i . e .
, in t ern a s p i ri t u a li s

gra i a t .
”

The “
fo rm a
. of t he Lo rd Su pp er i s
’
s n ot gi v en , b u t on ly hi n td e at in
q ua e Do m i n u s
”
j us s i t a cc i p i .

“ ”
b e n e fi c i a , e tc , i n t he Lo rd s Su ppe r
’
. t
s and s for “
in t er na s p i r i t ua li s
t
g ra i a
”
.

A PPE NDI X H .

ON TH E U SE O F T H E A DVE R a “
G E NE R A LL Y A ND COG NATE W ORDS .

I . In J ohn so n s
’
t MA
Di c i ona ry b y Re v H a nd
, . .
J . To d d , . .
,

C ha pl a i n i n Ord i n a ry t o hi s Majes ty Lo n d o n I 82 7 o n ly fou r m ea n i n gs a re gi ve n , , ,

fo r g e n e ra lly
“
I In ge n e ra l ; w i thou t s p ec i fi ca t i o n or e a c t l i m i ta t i o n
. x .
”

E t e n s i ve ly t hou gh n o t u n i versa lly 3 C o m m o n l y ; fre q ue n t ly

“ ” “
2 . x , 4 . . . .

In t he m ai n w i t hou t m i n ute d etai l i n the who l e ta k en toget he r .

”

I I I llus t r a t i on s o f i ts us e u p to t he c lo s e of the s even t ee n t h cen tu ry

.

F la te ri e i s gen e r a lly wr o ngfu l p re i s i n g Pers on es Ta le -C/ za n cer 13 2 8 . ,

-3

I 400 .

“
Ge n e ra lly we w ld t h
ou no a ve t h th t os e a r ea d t hi w s or k of Sylva Sy lv a ru m
a ccou n t it t s ra n g e th t w h v
a e a e se t d w p ti
o n ar l
c u a rs u n r e tid ”
Na t u ra l H i s t o ry
—
F r a n c zr B
'

. a con , I 56 1 6 6 1- 2 .

I v e b ee n bo l d ,
“ ’

F o r ha t t I kn e w i t the m o s ge n e ra l wa y t
t hi p g i q t d b y J h
Ti mon f s as s a e s uo e o n s on o r s e n se o f c om mo n u s ua l J .

Sh k p a I 564 6 6
es ea r e, - 1 1 .

I l ik t m g t P pi t f t i g t fi t w g
n e sor a on s a s s, as n a rs as en e ra lly p ro po sed as a goo d
thi g R b t B t I 5 7 6 640
n .
” —
o er u r on , -
4 .

Whi h i ly wi b v t i th t i g
c s onlly t a se o se r a on a s e n e ra r ue a nd i n many r es pe c t s ,

b l t ly iv lly ( W k p I 5
' '

b t ut no d a so u e an un ersa or s .
—
zozr lzo
A r c/ p Tzllots on ,
1 6 3 0— 1 694 .
“
A r i s tot le l ong s i n ce t ha t m ora l a n d p rove rb i a l sa y i n gs a re un d er
Ob se r ed v ,

s t ood t o b e tr ue gen e ra lly a n d fo r the m os t p a rt (loc ci t p I I I b id —

. . . .

R e l igi o n ha t h gen e ra lly t hi s e ffec t t ho ugh i n s om e u s e s an d as t o so m e , ,

pe rs on s i t m a y he ac ci d en t a ll y hi n d red ( loc ci t p I I4) I bi d

,
. . . .
—
.

Th i n gs i n t his w o r l d though they ge ne ra lly ha pp en a cc ord i n g to the p r ob

.

a bi l i t y o f Seco n d C a u ses y e t so m e t i m es t hey fa ll ou t q u i t e ot herw i s e (loc ci t

,
. .

p 3
. I b id —
.
1 96 A PP E NDIX 11 .

B u t the p a r t i cu l a r occa s i on of t hi s C a n on i s ge n era lly s u ppo s ed to b e t hi s

Ra t i o n a l Acc ou n t I m p r i ma t u r )
”
A e tc , . t he is I 66 4 .
—
B i r/
zo
p S ti lli n gfleet ,
.

I6 3 S —
1 6 99 .

t
Tha i n t
ge n e ra l s en s e hey ( t he Te n Tri b es ) e re ca ll ed the p eo pl e o f G od ,
a w
as th y w
e e r e Ab r a ha m s s ee d a cc o r d i n g t o the fles h b y rea s on o f t he p r o mi s e m a d e
’

to Ab ra ha m , e t c ; he n e ver d rea m. ha the t en T r ib es t t t

e re Ab r a ha m s se ed w ’

a cco r d i n g to th e S i ri t b
p ut on ly s ayes , tha t th ere wa s sa lva t i on fo r t hose th ou sa n d s

th t h d
a a n ot bo w d th i
e e r k n e es to B a a l , w hi c h ca n n o t b e i n the o rd i n a ry way
wh the re er e is no C hu r c h (loc .
—
I b id .

F or a Ca n d le yi e ld s b ut a d im uncer ain t l i ght

m a y b e p u t i n o a d a r k la n tlzor n
, t
an d s n u fled a t pl ea s u re s o w ou l d y ou r t t t z fa i n p r e en d of t he S cr ip t u r e ha
l u r c/
c/

i ts lig/ i t i s v e ry wea k a n d u n cer t a i n t ha t y ou r c/ zu r c/z m u s t o pe n t he s i d es o f t he

La n t nom t ha t i t m a y gi v e l i ght a n d m a k e u s e o f s om e Ap os toli ca l S n uj er s o f the

P op e: k ee p i n g t o m a k e i t s hi n e t he clea r er t ho u gh t he y o ft en en d a n ge r the a l m os t
e x t i n gu i s hi n g o f i t ; a t l e as t a s t o t he ge n e ra l i t y o f t hos e who s hou l d e n joy t he

b en e fi t o f i t (loc I bid.
—
.

“
Tho u gh i t ( t hi s re l i gi on ) b e a s ge n e r a lly p rofe s sed a n d a s c l ea rl y t a u ght ,

a m on g u s as e v er i t was i n a n y n a t i on
, t here a re b u t few tha t a re e ve r the b ette r
,

fo r i t Pr i va t e Thou ght s B i s hop B ev er i dge I 6 3 8 I 7 08

—
,
— .

H o w c om es i t to p as s tha t hi s d oc t r i n e a n d p re c e p t s a re s o ge n e ra lly s l i ght ed

an d n egl ec t e d a s t hey a re i n o u r d a y s (loc ci t ) I bi d . .
— .

The l o v e o f r i c he s a n d t em po ra l e nj oy m e n t s i s the gr ea t r ea s on why m e n

a re gu i l t y o f s u c h gr ea t a n d a t r oc i ou s c r i m es a s ge n e ra ll y t hey a re
”
( loc c i t . .

I bi d .

To c on s i d er wha t i t i s tha t he r e q u i r es o f t hose t ha t fo ll o w hi m i n o rd e r to ,

b e hi s d i s c i pl es a thi n g a s eas i ly u n d er s t ood as i t i s gen e ra lly d i s rega rd ed ( loc , .

ci t .
—
Ibid .

G en e ra lly s p eak i n g t hey ha v e b e e n ga i n i n g e v er s i n c e t hou gh wi t h fr eq u e n t

, ,

i n t erru p t i on s ( q u o t ed b y J ohn s on for the m ea n i n g o f In t he m a i n Sa nft “ -

,

1 66 7- I 7 4 5 .

Ge n era lly S p ea k i n g , th y e l i v e v ery q uie t ly G u ar d i a n —

A d d i r on , .

I6 7 2 —
1 7 I 9.

W he re the au ho r t s pea ks m o re t t ly
s ri c pa rt i cu l a rly o n a n y t heme i t
and , wi ll
pl a i n l gen era l e x p re s s i on s ( I m p rove m en t o f Mi n d
”
ex t he m ore oo s e a n d
“

Wa tts , I 6 7 4— I 7 4 S .

The S id e s w gen eral ly c lo s d

ere
’
a b ou t th A e n c es l w i th Bu tt on s , w hi h w e
c re

s ome tim es o f s o l id G o l d , or Si lv e r A t i q i tin u es -A r clzbi 5 ho

p P ot ter , I6 74

17 47

It is p rob ab l e t ha t t hi s Pi ec e o f Ar mou r wa s a t firs t e i ther p ecu l i a r

, t o the
o r a t l eas t m or e gen er a ll y u s ed b
Gr eci a n s , y t he m t ha n o t he r Na t i on s ( loc .

I b id
1 98 A PP E NDIX 1 .

th m th t b l i v
e a e e e . W hy , th e n , s hou ld th e y not be p a rt a kers o f the sa c ra m en t
t g th w i t h th
o e er e t
fa i hfu l ?
’
Vol i
. .
, p . 1 104 . Ca lv i n i n o t he r w o rd s had
, ,

ex pr es s ed the ve ry sam e v ie ws .

The E n gli s h Chu r ch p la i n ly t ea ches t ha t r g en er a t i on i s a bs olu tely neces s a ry

to s a lv a t i on , i nf a n ts n ot ex cep ted ; bu t if i t beli eved that bap t i s m was t he d i v i n ely
a
pp oi n ted mea n s t o efliect s a lva t i on t he Cat echi s m ought to ha ve fli r med
a si mp ly a nd

p la i n ly tha t bap ti s m was neces s a ry to s alv a ti on .

“
J OH N R a sm usse n , D D . .
 I NDE X .

Ab s ol ut i o n 48 5 6 5 7
B l e s s i n g j ewi s h form o f 1 7 4
, , .

B l e s s i n g G o d o r g i v i n g t ha n k s
.
, , ,

Ac t s o f U n i fo r m i Se e ty S tt ta u es . , , 173 .

B l u t s A n n o ta t e d B oo k o f
.

C o m m on
'

n
Ad d i s on 1 96
y
.
,

Ad u lt B a pt is m , I 7 1. Pra er, 61, 1 45 , 1 53 .

A e ri u s 5 0 Bod le i a n co p y o f L i t u rg i a , 1 9, 34 .

y b l o o d C hr i s t s
.
.

t
'

Bod a nd 1 7 9, 1 9 1 .
Age for C o n fi r m a i o n , 17 2 17 3 , ,

t ki
.
,

Ale s s
'

La ti n Pra ye r B oo k 40, 56 65 , 7 6 ,
Bo h nd s , 17 7 .
s ,

wy t y k
,

Pra Bo o
'

Bo er s La i n er 3 8, 165,
p as si m
,

77 , 96 , .

Alfr i c u s , 3 3 .
p a ss i m .

l
A m s a n d Ob l a t i on s . 6r s eq . , 65, 79 . Se e B re a d , 17 7 , 1 7 8, 1 83 .

Ob la io n s t .
B ri e fs ,
t
7 7 , 81
Med d
.

'
La i n Pra t y B oo k
yt
An a l i c a l Ta b l e of Sa c ra me n t s , 1 94 .
B ri gh and s

1 54, 1 65 ,
er ,

An n e , 40 5 6 , s eq .
, 6 0, 1 50 , p a ss i m .

Q ue e n , 37 .

t Mu s e u m pi es of Li t u rg i a ,
Ar i s t tlo e, 8 0, I3 3 , I 43 , 1 84 .
B ri i s h , co 33 ,

Ar i ct
le s Se e . Thi r ty
Ni n e Ar ic l e s
—
t .
35
B ro c k R e v, M C red e n ce Ta s i n gt
Ass u m p t i o n wi th t or
r e ga rd t o B a p i s m 1 7 1
, .
,
,
l es
.
"

Ta b 82
Au g u s i n e t , 85 , I 3 0, 13 3 , 1 6 0, 1 90, 191 ,
B u rn e t ,
.
,

B i s ho
.

p , 13 8, 1 5 9, 1 7 7 .

Au
I9

t ty
3 1 97 :

ho r i o f Li
'

t u rg ia , 1 1 s eq I7 a r s eq .2
B ur t on , R .
, 1 95 .

.
, .
7 .

Au th i d or z e Vers i o n ( B ib le ) , 2 5, 2 9.
C a lvi n , 1 98 .

C a n on L X I .
, r7 3 L XX X IV 80 ; C XI I .

B a co n 1 , 2 1 , 1 95
, 17 3
.

t y k
.

Ba g s te r s La i n Pra B oo 1 06
C a pe l , Mo n s i g n or , 46
'

39 er , , ; .

c ha n g e in, 1 49 1 5 4 ; I 6 S p a s s i m
, .
w
Ca r d e ll , Dr , 1 1 , 1 3 1 7 0. See a sol
t yi
. .

Ba p i s m 87 9 1 95 97 , , , , , 1 05 n ec ess a r n un d er Ob la ion s t
vers a ll y
.

g e n er a l , n ot u n i , 13 8 s eq .
, 1 96 ; Ca t ec hi s m , 85 s eq . reas o n fo r , 87 r7 2 .

15 7 , 1 5 9 s eq . a d m i s s io n in t o C hu rc h , Ca t e c hi s m , Le i g h t on s ,
'

1 89.

16 2 ,
165, 17 0 ; Ad u lt , 17 1 ; 1 89 , 1 93 , C a tec hi s me The C o m m o n i n fo u r e La n
, ,
e

19
4 p a ss i m .
gua ge s , 1 03 , 1 08 , 1 1 1 , 1 45 .

B a rl o w
Dr C o p o f Li u rg i a g i ve n t o
, y t Ca t ec hi s m s , No w ll e
'

s. Se e Nowe ll s
'

hi m b y B u re l 1 9 3 4 , , . C a t e c hi s m s .

B e l i e f, The C l a u s e c o n c er n i n g th e
.
.

C ha n n e l I s la n d s , 5 . Se e a so l "
j e rs e y .

c hu r c h I O I s eq , . C ha r i , ty 1 8 5 s eq .

B e v e r i d g e , B i s ho p 89 97 1 96 , , , . C ha r les 1 4, 52 , 1 89 .

B i b le Pro m o e d R e fo r ma i o n 2 4 ; 4 8 t t C ha r l es II . es a b t l i s he s Sa vo y c ha pe l 2 ,

a ppo i n t s
.
,

p a ss i ve ; s ee t
A u ho r i z ed Ve r s ion Du r el c ha pl a i n to hi m , 3 ;
Co v e rd a le
'

s , 1 46 , 1 68 . Dus e l to De a n e r y o f W i nd s or, 3
.
 s anc ti on s Du re i
'

s F re n c h Pra y er B oo k , d e gr ee of DD . Dea n o f W i n d s o r &c , .

5 c o n n ec t i wi th W on e sh l Pra y er Boo k , 3 ; re i g i o us l
i e s , 3 ; La t i n Pra e r v w y
7 Ea r le c ha pla i n t o h i m b e fo r e Du re l , k
B oo , 9 ; Du re l t he e d i o r , 1 1 ; i t s t
12 ; i nj u n c i o n s t to Sa vo y c o n fe re n c e , t y
h i s o r , 1 1 s eq i ts c ha ra c e r , 1 6 ; . t
16 d e d i ca ti on o f Li t u rg i a , 2 1 su p re Du r e l s
’

r es u m pt i o n of it ,
17 ; Du re l s
'

n i a cy , 2 4 ; Pr a y er B oo k , 2 6 ; S a vo y l e tte r to A r c hb i s ho p S a n c ro ft , 17 ;
c o n fe r e n c e , 27 ; fro n i s i e ce t p re p r e Du re l s
'

s ha re in t ra n s a l ti on , 19 ; Dr
ti
.

s en ng hi m , 3 5 ; r u b r i c i n Re is ed v Ba r lo w s '

O p in i on 19 ; co py v
gi e n t o
y k
,

Pra er Boo , 6 7 , 7 8 .
h i m b y Du re l, 19 ; au th i ty or o f La i n t
C ha u ce r , 1 95 .
Pra e r B o o , y k 2 1 s eq d ed i ca i o n t o t
t y
.

C hri s s b o d a n d b l o o d , 1 7 9, 1 83
'

.
Ki n g 2 1 ; c o n n ec ti on of ro a yl su p re
t
,

C hu rc h , Ad m i ss i o n i n o 1 6 2 , .
ma c y wi t h
t La i n Pra y er Boo k 3 2 2 7 ;
y
, ,

C hu rc h H ol C a t ho l i c 1 01 s eq , 1 07 Du re l p m ti d iti
'

, , . .
s ro o on s , 3 2 8; e on s of
Mi l i t t y
,

C hu rc h an Pra er fo r , 6 1 s eq 63 hi s L ti P y B oo k Dure l s
'

a n ra er s eq
,
33 ;
.
, ,

t
.
,

6 5 , 66 , 6 8 69 , , See Ob la i o n s .
O pin ion on Pr i es t "

46 s eq 56 s eq
t
, .
, .

C h u rc h—ra e s 7 9 , .
ou
“
ob a l ti on s , 6 4 6 9 7 o s eq , 7 7 , 7 8
w
, , .

C hu rc h a rd e n s t o pr ovi d e e le n e n ts ,
‘

63 .
Ca t e c hi s m , 85 s eq h i s o her or s . t w k ,

C i rc u m c i s i o n , 17 o
4 . 1 7 , I 8. 7 3
.

C l a rk e , Dr Ad a m .
, 1 6 4. Dur ha m Du r e l, . p r e b e n d a ry o f, 3 B re
C o m en i us , 88 .
ri a t , d ea n o f,9 ; C os i n i b ra r , 6 9 ,
2 l y
C o m m a b e fo r e gi e n v ,
"
1 5 2 s eq .
Sa n c r o ft p re be n d a r of, an d c ha a i n y pl
t
,

C o m ma n d m e n s , Te n , 1 08 s eq .
to B i s ho p C os i n 69 1 92 .
t
,

C o n fi rma i o n , 17 2 .

C o n se c r a ti o n o f e e m en s , l t 48 , 5 7 .
Ea r le , 11, 13 , 17 , 2 7 ; Dea n of W es t
Co n ve rs i o n 1 68 , . m in s t er , 1 4.

C o n vo ca t i o n a pp o i n t m e n t , of t ra n s a o r s l t E d i n b u rg h R e i e v w 1 87

t y k
.
,

of La i n Pra er Boo , 11, 13 . See t

Ed i i o n s of Li t u rg i a , 33 s eq .

a so l6 9 7 0, , 152 . Ed w a rd VI Pr a y er B oo k s o f, 2 6 6 5 85 , , ,

C o rr o b o ra t i o , 1 81 1 00 . 1 2
94 9
.

Cos in , B i s ho p , 2 7, 2 9 5 6 69 , , , 152.
E le m e n ts l t , O b a i on o f, 61 s eq . n ot he d l
le wh
'

C o v e r d a le s Bib 1 46 16 8 .
b R evi s e r s 6 3 s eq no e re vi n d i
, y 72
,
, .
,

C o wp e r B i s ho p 4 9 6 2 65, 156
c a te d by Dur e l 7 3 no t r ec o gn i z e d a t
;
.
, , , ,
,

C r ed e n c e T a b l e s 80 82 , , .
re vi s i o n , 73 .

E l e m e n t s O n Pl a c i n g t he , , 82 .

E l e m e n t s pe r ma n e n c e o f s u bs a n c e t of
y k
,

Da n i e l , Re v . E .
, T he Pra er B oo ,

&c .
, 1 04 , 1 1 1, 1 12 , 1 15 , 12 6, 13 8, 1 46 ,
E l e m e n ts , U se of bo h t ki n d s , 17 7 .

E l i a b e th
z Q E n g i s h Pra l y er B oo k 2 6
t , .
, , ,

De a h u n t o s i n 1 6 1 W els h B ib le and
66 , p a ss i m
, .
1 03
t
De d i ca i o n to K i n g 2 1 , .

Pr a y er B oo
,

k 8
t
.
,

De vo i o n s 6 7 7 1 7 8 , , , .
l
E i z abe h t Q La i n t Pr a y er B oo k 23
y , , ,

Di o n s i u s 5 0 66 .
43 56 xcv5 9 . 6 0. 6 5
.
,
34 4o .
t
. . .
. .

Di v i s i o n s o f C a ec hi s m , 89 5 p a ss i m
J
.
1 03 , 1 07 , 12 , .

Do lb en o hn 13 14
, 17 , , , , 18 ; Dea n of l
E n g i s h Li t u rg y 2 2 ; gr o wt
h o f, u n d e r
W e s t m i n s te r
,

, 15 .
ro y a l su p r e ma c y 2 5 ; i t p t it
n er re s se lf
k y k
, ,

Du p o r t s G r ee Bo o
'

Pra 6 4 7 4, er 43
, , 13 9
,

8 6 , 96 1 0 1 , 1 1 6 1 1 9 1 43 1 5 4 p as si m vl
E i 13 3
J
, , , , , .

t
.
,

Du re l, o h n . Li fe 1 s eq o rd i n a io n
, 1 .
, ,

2 9 at Sa vo y C ha e 2 pl
F re n c h Pra e r , y Fa i h t 98 17 9 , 1 85 ; fa i hfu t l ,

k
, ,

B oo , 2 , 5 s eq . c ha pl a i n t o C har l es II 1 8 1 , 1 9 1.
2 02 INDE X .

Nic ho lls , Wm D D , . .
, 4 7 , 97 , 1 03 . Reg i s t ra r o f C a r te r , Dure l 3 , .

1 53 1 80 , 1 92 R e me m b r a n c e , Lo r d pper a
'
, .
s Su 17 5 ,
w tt
,

No e ll Al e xa n d er le er o f
, , , 81 .
R e m i ss i on o f s i n s , 1 04 , 1 62
t
,

No we ll s C a e c hi s ms 44 s eq 85 , 96 ,
'

, . , R e n u n t i a t i o Pa p a e , 2 4 .

1 03 , 1 07 , 1 15, 1 16 , 1 19, 13 7, p t
Re e n a n c e , 1 6 7 , 1 7 1 ,
1 5 4, 1 6 2 , 1 6 5 , 1 7 0, 1 7 2 , p a ss i m .
R evi s e d Ne w Tes t a me n t 1
30 13 1.
w p y o f Li turg i a
, ,

No r i ch co , 33 .
13 3 . I 7 4 , 1 86 .

Ro s co m mo n , 1 1.

Ob l a i on st , 6 1, s eq . de vo t i on s , 67 ; Dr .
Ro y a l s u pre ma c y 2
3 s eq .
w ll t Mr
,

C a rd e
'

s, Mr . Proc or s ,
'

a nd .

Pu rto n
'

s o pi n ion s , 6 8, 7 6 , 7 9 ; m o n e Sa cra m en t 9 8, 13 7, 1 48 n ec es s ary in

t y t
,

ve r s a ll y
'

ar o ffe r i n g s , 6 8 ; C o s i n s c o rr ec i o n s , l uni 8 d is
g e n era , n o t 13 s eq .
y k
,

Du rel s La t i n Pr a e r B o o , 7 0 ; t t tw ti
'

69 ; in c io n b e ee n d oc r ne of C h u rc h of
hi s F re n c h Pra y er B oo k , 71 W els h E ng lan d an d R o m i s h C hu r c h, 1 40 , 1 5 7
Pra y er Boo k
7 4 ; Du o r , 7 4 ; m o r e
, p t d e fi n i ti on of w o rd 1 48 , 1 5 2 d e fi n i io n t
e xa c t de t t
e r m i n a i o n o f m ea n i n g , 7 5 ;
of
“
th i n g, 158 ;
,

156 ; s ign an d fo r m
b l ti t
,

ons a re o ffer i n gs to cu ra e ,
p as s i m
o a 77, 1 59, 1 7 3 1 89 , 1 90, 1 9 1 94 , 1 96 ,
3
t y k
, , ,

Du r e l s La i n Pra ty
'

7 8, er B oo , 78 .
Sa fe wa y o f 96 .
, ,

O fi e rt o ry 6 5 6 8 7 4 7 6 , 7 7 See Ob l a
’

, , , , .
l
St H e i e r , Du re l b o r n a t, I.
ti
.

ons .
Sa le s b u r y , W i ll i a m , 8 .

O li ry m a u , 7 4 .
Sa l is b u r y pr ebe n d a r y o f 3 ; Pe i r
, Du re l , ,

Op ta t u s 5 o
O rd i n a l s E a r l
, .
, y
49 , 5 1
s o n p r e b e n d a ry o f 1 2 E a rl e c ha n c e llo r
, .
of 13
,

E a rl e b i s ho p o f 1 4
, ,

t
, , , .

O rd i n a i o n , Du re l s , 1 , Sa l i s b u r y o r Sa ru m U s e p a r t l y fo llowe d
'

2 9.
Overa ll, B i s ho p , 13 7, 1 90 , 1 9 3 .
by Du rel 1 6.
,

Sa lva i o n t , s ta e o f, t 96 .

Pa ra phra s i s cu m An n o t a t i s , e tc .
, 91, 1 41 , Sa n e
r o ft , A r c hb i s h o p Dure l s
'
s u b m i s s i on

1 65. of Li t u rg i a t o hi m , 17 s eq 2 7 , 56 ;
k y k
.

l ti o n s
'

Pa r er s La ti n Pr a er B oo 3 9 , 96 , 1 54 , ob a 69 , c om ma b e fo r e
, , 7o ;
gi ve n
165. 152 1 60
t y k J ti
, , .

Pa r s e ll
'

s La in Pr a er B oo , 3 7, 165 , Sa n d a r
'

s In s i tt t u es o f us n ia n , 1 3 8, 157 ,

p assi m .
1 6 9.
Pe i rs o n , 1 1, 12 , 2 7 .
Sa vo y c ha pe l 2 5
k y k
, , .

Pe tle y
’
s G ree Pr a er Boo 4 2 , 86 , 96 , , Sa vo y c o n fe ren ce , 2 7, 12 , 1 4, 1 6 , 3 0, 6 7 ,
1 01 , 1 1 6 , 1 1 9 , 1 43 , 1 5 4, p a s s i m .
80, 1 89 .

Po or m e n
'

b o x, 6 5 , 7 9 s . Sc o t ch Pra y er B oo k , 4 8 , 5 1 , 66 , 7 2 .

Pott er , A r c hb i s ho , 1 96 p . Se a le d Bo o k s , 152 15 3 .

P y k t y k
,

ra er B o o s See La i n Pra . er B oo s, Se e k er , Ar chb i s ho p 7 7 , 86 , 87 , 98 , 1 42 ,

kP y k
,

G re e ra er Boo s, e tc . 1 5 1 , 1 5 8, 1 7 5.

Pre s b yt e r, 46 se
q . Du re i
'

s r ea s o n s fo r l
Se b o rn e , Lo rd , o n Du r e i s Li t u rg i a 1 8
'

, .

u se, 47 hi s t y ft
or o er m , 49 s eq . l
c er g y Se p t u a g i n t 1 1 0 s eq 1 1 6 1 1 9 s eq 1 45 1 46
, . , , . , , .

of s ec o n d o r d er a re p re s b y te r i , 5 2 ; Sha k e s pe a re 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 95 , , , .

Thi r ty —n i n e Ar i c t les , 5 3 ; e s i m on i u m ,t t She l d o n Archb i s ho p 6 1 1 1 3 1 5 43

, , , , , , ,

54 ; l e tte rs o f o r d e rs 5 5 ; la w fo rm s , , 1 89.

55 o n l y t ru e t i t l e 60 ; u s e o f 8 1 , , Si c km an s Sa lu e , The , 1 87 .

Pri e s t , 46 s eq r e t a i n e d i n p u re s en s e
.
, Si gn ou tw a rd a nd vi s i b l e , 1 48 s eq .

d e r i va t i o n 49
,

48 ; r e p r es en t s o l d e r ven c o m ma ,
,
gi , 15 1 s eq . 152 s eq . re

pres b yter , 49 s eq . m i s us e o f, 82 . pres e n t i n g g ra c e , 1 49 , 1 5 1 , 1 54.

S i n , A d ea h t u n o, 1 6 t 3 .

R eg e n e ra i o n , t 16 1 , 1 6 2 , 1 6 5 , 1 96 . Si o n C o lle ge , 41 .
 INDE X . 2 03

So n s Go d , 1 6 3 of . Va u t ro lli e r
'

s La i n Pra t y er Bo o k , 4 1 , 42 .

t
So u h R ob e rt 6 1 , , .
56 se
q 5 9 6 o 8 6 96 ,
. , . , , 1 07 , 1 1 0, pa ss zm .

tt
S a e o f sa lva i o n 96 t , V ly
e ri a n d i n d ee d , 1 8o

ttt
S a u es : 2 2 He n V I I c . I . . 12 , 77 ; 2 6
H e n V I , 2 3 ; Ac t o f U
. II . n i fo r mi ty , 1 W a tts 1 96 , .

E iz l 8 , 3 4 Ac t o f U n i fo r mi , 1 4 C a r ty . W a y o f s a fety 96 ,

7 . 8 , 9 , 47 , 1 5 2 ; 1 7 a n d 1 8 C a r 11' .
W e l s h c u s to m 7 4 , .

c I
6 ( re a n d ) , 1 5 3l . W e l s h Pra y er Boo k , 7 s eq. , 43 on

ll y
.

S t e p he n s '
B oo k C o m m o n Pra e r , 1 5 3
of y "
Ob l a ti o n s ,
”
6 4, 7 4 ; on
“
g e n e ra
y
.

S t i lli n gflee t , p
B i s ho , 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 1 40 1 6 0, n ec es s a r . 1 43 on
“
gi ve n ,
"
155 ; on

by
,
"

8, 1 96 he re 1 6 4.

J
17 .

J W es l e y o h n Le tte r s o f o rd e rs 5 5
.

S t i lli n gfi e e t , a m e s , 1 42 , . , .

W e s t mi n s te r E a rl e d ea n o f 1 4 ; Do lb e n
.

Su pre ma c y , Ro y a l , 2 3 , 43 , , , , ,

Swi ft 96 1 d ea n o f, 1 5 c hu r c h a t , 8 1.
W hita k er s t y B k4
, .

'

La i n Pra er oo , 1, 96 , 1 03

T t ll i
er u a n, 50 . G re e kP y ra er Bo o k 43 5 7 86
, , , , 96 , 1 01 ,

Te s t i m o n i u rn passzm
'

, 54 . 1 03 , 1 07 , .

T he n ,
"
Mea n i n g o f , 64 . W hi tg i ft Arc hb i s ho p 48 5 1 82 160
, , , , , .

Thi r ty -n i n e Ar i c t l es 2 8 , 46 , 49 , 5 2 W i l s o n B i s ho p 5 5
, , .

W i n d s o r Du re l p rebe n d a ry a nd d ea n
,

1 4 1 , 1 5 0, 1 8 7 , 1 9 1 , 197 . , ,

Ti ll o t s on , Ar c hb i s ho p , 1 9 5. o f, 3 .

T ra n s u b s t ti ti
an a o n , 1 5 8 . 1 80 , W i n e 1 7 7 1 80 1 83
, , , .

Tr e n c h , A rc hb i s ho p 1 86. W i t n e y B e n e fi ce o f
, , 3 .

W o l f s La t i n Pra y e r k
,

Bo o , 4 1 , 86 .

U n i fo r m i t v Ac . t s , o f. See “
Sttta u es . \Voo d
'

s o pi n io n o f Da e l r , 4 .
 VO C A B U LA .

a b re n u n c i a tu ru m , 93 . fa c t us s u m , 91 fa c i t s u mu s , 16 3 , 1 66 .

a cc i p i . 1 7 8 . fi d e li b u s , 1 81 . Se e Fa i h t .
"

a d d i s eer e, 8 7 . fi d es . Se e Fa i h t .

a d o le ve ri n t , 1 7 2 . fi li u s De i , 91 F i ii l De i , 163 , 1 66 .

a e ta t e m , 1 69 , 1 7 2 . fo r m a , 1 5 9.

A m u ld 6 1 , 7 o , .

A n i m a ru m n o s t ra ru m c o rr o b o r a t i o , t
g ra i a, 97 ; g ra i a e , t 1 50 ; g ra t i a m , 13 5 .

a ni m o ru m , 13 6, 12 2.

Aq ua , 1 6o . ha b e b i s , 1 1 0.

a r ra b o n e m , 1 5 7 . hac ra ti one , 1 63 .

ar ti l
c u os , 94 . h a e res 9 1 , .

ha n c s a lu ti s via m , 96 .

B a p ti s mum , 1 47 . See t
Ba p i s m
ly
.

i n g e n e re , 13 8 s eq . See “
ge n e ra l ne

C A T E C H ISMU S , 85 .
c es s a ry .

m llha .
Ca m / am es , 98
n 1 1 4.
.
in fa n tes 1 69
c har i t a te , 1 85
in f r s , .
.

C oe n a m Do m i n i , i e o
'

1 48. See “
Lo r d s
,

i n s t i tu e n d i 1 85 i n s t i tu i t, 1 3 8 ; Itzs t zt u t eo,
Su ppe r .
, ;

C o m m u n i o n e m , Sa n c o ru m t , 1 04 .
86 3 i n s t i t u tu m , 1 5 7 '

C o m m u n i u m i n i l e, 3 4 tt
j u me n t u m
.

, 1 1 6.
c o n fi r m e t 97 , .

c o ra m me , 111 .
l a t roc i n i o , 12 7 .

c ord e , 1 2 1.

C or pu s s a n gu i s C hr i s i t , 17 9 . m a le d i ce n t i a 1 2 7 , .

C R E DO , 99 . ma l o , 1 3 3 .

C re d o , i h wt in , a nd w i th s im pl e a cc u m ed iu m 1 5 7 , .

sa t iv e, 94 , 1 02 . me mo ri a, 1 85 ; m e mo r ia m , 17 5 .

Mo r i pe cca t o , &c 16 1 , 163 s eq . 91 .

N . au t M . , 90 .

n ec o m n i a , 1 2 0.

n o me n , 1 15 , 12 3 ; in n o mi n e, 16 1 ;
n o mi ne , 92 .

E c cle s i a m C a t ho li c a m , Sa n c ta m , 1 01 s eq . NO N co n c u p i s c es 1 1 9.
t
,

l
e e c os , 1 08 .

E t m eo , 12 7 .
o b la ta m e lee mo s y n a m 66 7 8 , , .

Ex t ern u m v is i b i le s i g n u m , 1 48 s eq . ob a l t i o n es , 6 1 s eq , 6 5 66 7 0 7 1 , 7 7 , 7 8 . , , , .
7 213 ! p u bli s hed , cr o wn 8110, p ap e r c ov e r s , r s . 6d . c lot /
1,
’
,

PLU T A R C H S
'

L IVE S O F T H E G RA C C H I ,

T RA NS LA T E D

F R O M T H E TE X T O F SINTE NIS .

IVI TH IN TR OD U C TION , MAR GINA L A NA L YS IS ,

A ND A P P E NDICE S .

W IL L IAM W MAR S H ALL .

, B A . .

L A T E SC H O LA R O F H E RT F O R D C O LLE G E ; A ND O F
T HE I NNE R T E MPLE .

QDr t orD
'

J AME S T H O R NTON, H IGH STR E ET .

S IMPK IIV, MA R S H A L L, 67 '

H A MIL TON , A DA S , 69" C0 M .

MDC CCLX XX I .

For s ome Noti ces of the Press , s ee next Page .

 O P IN I O N S O F TH E PRE SS .

We a re n ot s o r
r y to s ee a t t as e fo r t he w iti g
r n s Of t he O ld
p l
C ha r o n i a n h i o s o he r s r i n g i n g u p a ga i n ; he r e i s m u c p s om a nd muc hp t h wi d
t
i n fo r m a i o n t o b e g a he re d o u t o f he m a s m a n e m i n e n t
e n ha e fo u n d t y tm v
t t tl y t
,

Mr Ma rs ha s ra n s a i o n o f t he Li e s o f t he G r a c c hi i s n ea
.

ll ’

l e xe c u e d , v
wt t t t l t t
.

a n d 15 ro id e dp v i h s u ffi c i e n a a r a u s o f c r i ic i s m &c t o e n a b e s u d e n s pp
t t t
,

t o u n d e r s t a n d t he q u e s i o n s r a i s e d i n R o m e b y he s e e m i n e n men T he
t ty t
.

p lu b i ca i o n has p
we re s u m e b e e n c a ed fo r b y U n i e rs i r e q u i re m e n s It ll v
w ll t t w k t t wt
, , .

i be c o n n ie n v
fo r h os e who i s h t o m a e s o m e s i gh a c q u a i n a nc e i h l
t t w t ll y p t
.

Plu t a r c s Wr i i n gs H i s d e fec s a s a s hi s m e r i s a re ca re fu ll
h
e . o in e d
out decor d
. .

T hi s i s o n e o f a s e r i e s O f t r a n s a i o n s fro m t he c a s s i c s hi c h r Tho rn o n l t l w M t
t
.

O f O x fo r d i s n ow u b i s hi n g It i s e a sa n p l
t o s e e r e r od u c e d in a pl p
y v p
ha n d fo r m e e n a fe w a g e s fro m t he hi o s o h i c a h i s o r i a n O f t he O ld or d p l p t l w l
w t o r hie s , who ha s fu r n i s he d c a s s i c a l a n e c d o e s a n d m o ra r e fle c t i o n s t o l t l
t t
e i g h ee n ce n u r i es O f li t e ra r y m e n T he ra n s a i o n i s e a n d ca re fu y d o n e t l t w ll ll
t t ly p t t t
. .

T he fo o -n o e s a re a d m i r a b fe w a n d t o t he oi n T he i n r o d u c i o n
tt ly t t l t t
.

s a es co nc is e v
t he a r i o u s m a t e r s O f hi s o r i ca i n e r es d u r m g t he i e s O f t he lv
t wo G ra c c h i a s t he T r i b u n a e a n d t he A g ra r i a n La s t
he r e a r e s e e ra u s e fu w t v l l
t
.

a pp e n d i c e s a t t he e n d a nd t he t ra n s a i o n i s a c c o m a n i e d b y a m a rg i n a l p l
a na ly s is w
hi c h b r i n g s i n t o r o m i n e n c e b e fore t he e y e t h e m ore i m o r a n p p t t
t
fa c s a n d d a e s — St
y a mes st . .
'

Mr Ma rs ha ll ha s s u c ce e d e d i n c u tti n g o u t o f Pl u tarc h a ve r y n e a t p i e ce
O f b i o g ra p h y a n d p r es e n t i n g i t i n a pl ea s a n t E n g l i s h d r es s w i th a ca re fu l
.

i n t ro d u c t i o n a n d a fe w us e fu l A ppe n d i c es T he t e x t i s t ha t o f S i n te n i s
,

T he
E n g l i s h i s t he e d i t o r s a n d i s ve r y a g re e a b l e rea d i n g T he I n t r o d u c t i o n i s a
. .

'

c l e ve r a c co u n t O f Pl u t a r c h w i t h a c r i t i c a l n o t i c e O f h i s wo r k h i s m e r i ts
.
,

and
t t wt y k t h f t h ff i f R m wh
, , ,

hi s i n a c c u ra c i e s o g e he r i h a s u m ma r s e c O e a a rs o o e en
t t t t f R m hi t y w i ll b gl d
,

t he G r a cc h i c a m e i n o n o i ce T he s u d e n O o an s or e a
ll y t t f th tw b th
.

O f t h i s s m a , b u t ca re fu ll
e d i ed , a c c o u n S / l
o e o re re n . -
e zoo

Gua r d i a n .

w ll w i tt g A l i t d ti eg i vi g t h
- ti d f t i
r en e n er a n ro uc on , n e a s ce r a n e ac s n
h l f
t e f Pl t
i e O h hi m t h d f w i t i g u a rc d hi ll d mi i s e o O r n an s e x ce en ces an o ss ons ,

h l d i g l gi l t v t m t f h G hi d pp d i f h hi f
,

t e ea n e s a i e e na c en s O t e rac c an a en c es O t e c e

l w a f s i g t h t ib
re err n t h l d lw d j y
o t e dd d r u n a e, t e an a s, an ur c o u rt s , a re a e

Th t l ti f h t t f Pl t m k b ly l d f i t hf l
.

e ra n s a h i on o t e d h ex o u a rc s re ar a c os e a n a u an t e
t t lth g h f w p g t T h m g i l l y i f h t t i
,

f oo -n o es a ou e a re re nan e ar na a na s s o t e ex s
f h m t f l f t f th w k v y
, , .

one o t e os d l k ly t
u se uh lp t h d e a u re s o e or an 1 e o e e rea er er
b ly l y i ght v y
,

co nsid A e ra h p i i p s w hi ll i g
t e r ce s on e ee n - ence or t o s n s, e er
f Pl t wi t h t d fi py T h w k i
.

d mi l y p
'

a re r h o u a rc ca n , ou 1 1 cu t ro cu r e a co e or s

ll tl y p i t d d w ll g t p
, .

e xce en r n eO/ d d C mb d g U d g d, an te e o u .
—
x or an a ri e n er ra ua s

j ou r n a l .

t w k ll w t
T he o r i s d ed i ca e d t o t he Re v W W C a e s F e o O f H e r fo r d a n d
p
t y t v ty l y w tt
. . . . ,

R ea d e r o f A n c i e n H i s o r i n t he U n i e r s i l
O f O x fo r d It h a s a u c id r1 e n
t w kt t k w t
.

i n rod u c i o n pp
hi s the o r a n d a l
e n d i c e s i n c u d e t he no n fa c s i n t he

w t p ll l tv t t
,

l l p
i fe o f P u t a r c h h i s m o d e o f r i i n g t he r i n c i a e g i s a i e e n a c m e n s o f t he
l w l t t t l w y t
, ,

l
G r a c c hi t he c hi e f a s r e a i n g t o t he r i b u n a e t he a n d a s a n d j u r c o u r s
w k y t t t t tv I
, , , .

T he or l
s a s a n a b e c ri ic i s i n e r es i n g a n d i n s ru c i e n d e ed it ‘

t w ll t t w l l
, . ,
,

m igh b e e i f s o m e O f o u r m od e rn p o h ti cal he o ri s s ou d ea r n s o m e

l p ll y t y w l l
e s s o n s fr o m i t es e c i a i f he to u d ea rn l t t ty
he m i n t he i g h o f C hr i s i a n i
’

t lt t l t t k ly t t
, .

T he ra n s a i o n O f t he t e x O f P u ar c h i s s r i i n g s ri c a nd t ru e
t t
.

v l l
T he fo o -n O t e s h o u g h n o t n u m erou s a re a u a b e T he r e a d e r ) 5 m u c h h e e d
lp
ly w k t p
.

l
b y t he m a r g i na a n a s i s O f t he lor Pu b i s h ed a t e i g h ee n - e n c e o r t wo
t lt y
.

ll l l
s hi i n g s t he g ra mm a r -s c hoo s c ho a r , t he u n d e rg ra d u a e , t he i e ra r m a n o f
l t twt
,

l
a ll g r a d e s a n d t he g e n e ra a d m i re r s o f P u a r c h , a re b r o u g h i hi n r e a c h O f a
w k w w ll ll p y t t l t t
.

or hi c h i we r e a p l
ho u g h fu a n d s u d i o u s erus a T he m e r i s o f t he
w kp v l v t tl t
.

or r o e t he c u t i a e d a n d h i g h a e n O f t n c u r i te r, —
C/ zor ley Gu a r d i a n .
 J AME S T H OR NTON d es i r es to d i r ect a tten ti on to tb c a ccomp a ny

i ng L i s t f
o E DU CAT I O NAL W ORKS ,
ma ny f wlzi cb
o lzaz e'
no w

Tbc A u t/
tor s a nd Comp i ler s a re mostly s chola r s o
f r e u te, a s
p
well as of la rge ex p eri enc e i n t eacb i ng .

A ny d q ects i n tbcs e wi ll be
’

n oti ces o f er r or s or

gr a tefu lly r ece i ved a n d a ck n o wledged .

The B ooks ca n gener a lly be p r ocu r ed ti zr oug/

z loca l B ooks eller s

i n town a nd cou n t ry ; bu t if a t a ny fl
ti me d i i cu lty s/
zou ld a ri se,

J AMES T H OR NT ON wi ll f eel obliged by di r ec t commu n i ca t i on on

T HE LAT IN P RA Y E R B OO K O F C HAR L E S IL ; or a n ,

t t
Accou n of t he Li u rgi a Of De a n Du r el, og e her i h a Repr i n a n d t t wt t
t
Tra n s la i on of t he Ca tec hi s m h er ei n co n a i n ed, wi h Coll a i on s , t t t t
An n o t ti
a on s , a n d Appen d i ce s b y t he R ev CHA RLE S MAR SHALL, A . M .

Cha pl a i n t o t he Lord Ma y or of Lo n d on , 18 49 — 1 8 5 0; a n d W ILL AM W I .

MAR SHALL , B A . .
, of the I n n er Te m pl e l a te , Scholar of H ert ford
Coll ege , Ox ford . Dem y 8 1 0 c l o t h 1 03 6 d
.
, . .
[J u s t p u blis hed .

t
The Au hor s ha v e b ee n led t o t he p r es e n u n d er t a i n g b y a d es i r e to t k
t t
a t r ac m or e a tt t
en i on t o th e La i n Pr a y er B ook o f 1 6 7 0, a n d h ey d es i r e t t
t hi s for t wo r ea s on s t
F i r s ly , on a ccou n of t he r em ar a b l e sca rc i y of t he
. t k t
book i t se l f ( In
. many of t he m o s t t
no a b e l l i b rar i es n o Oo py i s t o b e found ) .

Se co n d l y , b eca u s e Dur e l s
’
Li t u r gi a
’
s ho w wh t s a t he Re v i se rs u n d ers t ood
to b e m ea n t b y t he w or d s whi ch th y e re a ne ti d an d t he w ord s w hi h t h yc e

i ns er t d;
e it s ho w s the hou ght t of th ti m
e e a s ex pr es s e d by a co n e t mp y or a r

a nd a n a u th or i s e d ex pon e n t .

C ANO NS OF T HE S E C O ND C O U NC I L O F O RA NG E ,
A D
. . 5 29 . Wi t h a n t t
I n rod uc i o n Tr a ns la i on a n d No es B y t he
, t , t .

R ev . F . H WOODS
.
, B D , F e llo
. . w of St . J ohn ’
s Co llege , Ox ford .

Cr o w n 28 .
[J us t p ublis he d .

An U N DE R G RA DU AT E S T R I P t o I T A LY an d ATT I C A i n
’

th e W I NT E R of 1 880— 1 B y J L TH OMAS B a ll i ol Co ll ege . . .

, ,

Oxf ord . Cr o w n 8 vo 5 8 . .

T H E L I V E S A ND L E T T E R S 0F G I F F O R D A ND B U NY A N .

Coll ege , Ox ford [In p r ep a r a t i on

’
B y t he R ev T A B LY I H , Q . . .
' ‘
u ee n s . .

CLASSI CAL .

NI C OMAC HE AN E T H I CS of A R I S T OT L E . B oo k s I .
- IV .

and B oo kX . Cha p 6 t o 9 , b e i n g t he
. p or t i o n r eq u i r e d i n t he Ox ford
Pa s s Schoo l , wi t h No t es , &c . for t he u s e of P a s s m en . By E L . .

HA W K IN MA
l a t e Pos t m a s ter of Mer t on Coll ege De my 8 vo
S, . .

c l o t h 83 6d , I n t er l ea v ed wi t h wr i t i n g pa p er 103 6 d
. .
, . .

P OE T I C S o f AR I S T OT L E The Tex t a fte r Va h l en w i t h a n . ,

I n t r od uct i on 21 Ne w Tr a n s la t i on E xpla n a tor y a n d Cr i ti ca l Not es

, , ,

a n d a n App en d i x on t he Gr ee k Dra ma [In p r ep a r a tion . .

J AMES THORNTON, 3 3 cl 41 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 OLASSICAL —
OOn ti i m ed
‘
.

DE MOS T H E NE S th e C R OW N The Te x afte r B A TE R

on Wi h . t I t
t t t
.

an I n r od ucti on , 3 Ne w Tr a n s la i o n , No e s a n d I nd i ce s . By
I I
.
,

F RANC S P S MP SO N B A B a ll i ol Co ll ege , Cr a v en Scho l a r , 1 8 7 7 .

t
. , .

De my 8y o c l o h , 108 6 d .
[J us t p u bli s hed
. . .

F RO M TH E P RE F A CE — Se vera l of t h e Not e s — hi c h I h a ve tr i ed t o m a e as co n c i se w k
as p os s i b l e— ma y ap p to a sc h o a r y
b u t t h e h a e bee n i n ser te d for t he
ea r u n n eces s ar l y v
p rac ti c a l
reas o n t ha t t h e o bs t ac les t he s h o u d re mo e h a e b e en fel t b y so me of t h e y l v v
y w
m an p u p i ls Wi t h ho m I ha v e r ead t hi s s eec h p
yw
.

The m a i n d iffi c u lt hi c h De m os t h en es p r es e n t s to t h e s t u d en t i es i n t h e c o s e l l
l ogi ca l conn ec t i on of h i s a r g u m en ts ; a n d m os t co mm e n t a ri es co n s i s t ar ge of t r a n s la l ly
t i on or p ara hr ase p Pa r a p hr as e is d a n ger ou s , as i t m a y e a d a n o i ce to a be li e f t h a t h e l v
kw
.

q u i te un d e rs t a n d s a p i ece of La t in or G r ee , h en h e i s s o m e wa y fr om d oi n g s o I .

v l
h a e , t h er e fo r e , t a k en t he b ul b y t h e h o rn s , an d h a e g i e n a co n t i n u ou s r en d e r i n g, as v v
c los e a s I cou ld d ece n t ma e i t ly k
It s a i m i s p u rel co m m en ta to r i al — to sa v e i ts e i gh t y w
ww
.

i n n ot e s It i s i n t e n d ed t o s h o h a t De m os t h en es sa i d , b u t n ot h ow we l h e sa i d i t l
yl w
. .

A n d , I m a y sa y , I b e i e e t h a t e e r l v
e ct ure r a n d t u to r i n Oxf or d v i l ad mi t t ha t a n l
u n d e rg rad ua te , or s ix t h-f or m b o y , ca n n ot g e t f ull a l ue ou t of re ad i n g t h e De Cor ona v
W i t h ou t su ch h e lp
I w k t y y
.

In n tr od uc t i on I l
i l b e fou n d a s et c h of A hen i a n hi s tor , as far as i s n ec es sa r
I
.

f or t h e t h oro u gh u n d ers tan d i n g o f t h i s Ora t i on In n t r od uc t i on I I a p r ec i s of t he

ly
. .

o ra t i on of A e s c hi n es , as we ll as of t h a t o f De m os t h en es , i s p re fi x ed to a b r i e f a n a si s o f
t h e t wo s p eec h es cons i d er ed as an a tt a c a n d a d e fe n ce k .

E X TR A CTS F R OM LE TTE RS
k y
of M py
.

p
Acce t m y bes t t han s for our s e n t a t i on co
re p
r S i m s on s edi t i on o f t he p '

w w y
.

ORA TION FO R THE CR OW N, hi c h I h a e n o d o u b t i ll b e gr a t e fu ll v

ac ce p t ed b y
p r of es s i on a l sc hola rs a n d th e ed u ca ted a t i
’
—
Pr o f B LA C IU E l y
yw ly w
. . .

It see m s t o m e er v
ell d on e a n d lik e to b e o f g r ea t u se I n ot i ce i th p eas ur e l
ly ly
.

v
t ha t se er a l m i s t a k es of ot h er tr a ns a t i on s an d ed i t i on s ar e t ac i t l
c or r ec te d Poss i b
w yp
.

l
t h er e m i g h t be a li t t e m ore fr eed om i n t he t ra n s a ti on i t h ou t m er el a r a p h ra s i n g l
v y
b u t t hi s i s n o d ou b t er d i fi cu lt to d o ex cep t a t th e c os t of e x t ra n o te s , an d I b e i e e l v
y ou a r e q u i te r i g h t i n e co n o mi s i n g n ot es , hi c h t en d n ow t o o e r la a n d efi ac e t he w v y
l
t ex t s of t h e C as s i cs — 8 H B UTC H E R, E s q , F ell o wof U n i ers i t Co l e ge , Ox f or d
’
v y l
w
. . . . .

I h a ve ma d e u s e of i t f or t h e las t t wo of a co a rs e of ec t ur es on t h e s eec h i th l p
p o fi t t o m lf y an d I t hi n k i t i s lik e to b e a p r ec i a t ed ’
ly p
w
r se ,
.

Re v T S PAP ILLO N, F ell o of New Colleg e, Ox ford

ly y
. . . .

It seems t o me lik e to b e er us efu

’
v l
w
.

A SI DG W ICK, E s q , F el o of Cor p us Ch ri s ti Col e g e , Oxf or d l l

k y t
. . .

I am s t r u c wi t h t he sc h ola r l t o n e of all t h a t I h a e see n Som e of t h e no e s v .

s eem m od els of g oo d sc h olar s h i p a n d ex e g es i s

’

w
.

A T B A RTON, E s q F e l o of P emb rok e Coll ege , Oxf or d l

y y y
. . .

Its close ai m an d acc ur ac wi ll make i t er use fu l for ma n s t u d e n ts

’
v
R ev W W ME R RY , Li n co n Col ege , Oxf or d
.

l l
y k w
. . . .

On e or t wo tes t p a s sa g es th a t I ha e a lr e ad loo ed a t S ho v
th a t d eh ca te o i n ts p
v
h a e b ee n cons i d er ed an d comm on t r a s a oi d ed The a b s t ra c t of th e s eec h of p v p
ly
.

A es c h i n es i s an es eci a l p l
us ef u f ea t ur e an d so i s t h e cOp i ous i n d e x
’

w
. .

Rev J R K ING , F el o an d Tu t or , Or i e Co l eg e , Oxford

. . . l l l .

A S Y NO P S I S L IVY S H I S TO RY t he S E CO ND P U N I C
’
of of
WAR B oo s X X L— XX IV
. k . t
W i h App en d i c es No e s , a p s , a n d , t M
Pla n s B y J B W OR CESTE R ,
. . . M A Secon d Ed i t i on
. . F cp 8y o . . .

t
c l o h, 2 s 6 d . .

A S Y NO P S I S an d S U MMARY t h e A NNA L S of T AC I T U S of .

B oo s I VI k .
—
. t
W i t h I n r o d u c i on , No e s a n d I n d ex es B y G W t t . . .

GE NT, B A . . w
Cr o n 8 vo c l o h, 3 s 6 d . t . .

A S Y NO P S I S the R E P U B L I C of P LAT O
an d S U MMAR Y of .

t
W i h a P re fa tory E x cu r s us u p on t he Pl a on i c Phi l osophy , a n d Shor t t
No e s t
B y GE OR G E W LL A M GE NT, B A
.
[Pr ep a r i ng I I . . .

A F E W NOT E S on the ANNAL S of T A C I T U S B oo ks I to IV . . .

F or Pas s m e n Cr o n 8v o .
[In the p r es s w . .

J AME8 THORNTON, 3 3 d 41 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 CLASS BOOKS .

ME L E T E MAT A ; S E L E C T LAT I N PAS S AG E S IN or ,

PR OS E A ND V E R S E F O R U NPR E PA R E D T RA NS
L AT I O N Ar r an ged b y t he Re v P J F Gm m O h MA s ome
. . . . .
'

, . .
,

tim e Scho l ar of St . J ohn

’
s Coll eg e, Cam b r i dge Cl as s i cal , Mas te r i n
Che l t
e n ha m Coll eg e . Cro wn 8v o . c ot h ,l 4s 6d . .

v
Th e ob j ec t of t hi s olum e i s to fur n i s h a coll ecti on of a bou t 2 50 es a g es , gra d ua te d p
y
i n d i ffi cu lt , an d a d a p ed to t he t
ar i ous Exa mi n a ti ons i n v
hi ch ‘ U n p re ared Tr a n s w p
la t i on fi n d s a p lace
w ki y k w
.

The or s n i cel got u p , an d i s alto ge t h er th e b es t of t he i n d i th whi ch we are

ac q u ai n ted — THE SC H OOLMASTE R , December
’

y y
.

We fi n d thi s collecti on t o b e v er j u di ci ous l mad e , an d t h i n k i t on e of the b es t

w ’
l
hi c h has y et been p u b i s hed — E DU CATIONAL TIME S , Ap r il 1 , 188 1 . .

ME L E T E MAT A G RE CA ; b ei n g a Se l ec i on t of Pas sa g es , Pr os e
and Ver s e ,
for un prep a r ed Tra n s la i o n t . B y th e R e v . P . J F
. .

GANT IL L ON , MA . .
[In t he p r es s .

F ormi ng a Com un i on Volume to the abo ve .

S E L E CT E D T RA NS LAT I ON i n to L AT I N
P IE C E S for
PROSE . t
Se l e c e d a n d arr a n ged b y t he R ev H C Oe LE , MA . . . . .

H ea d Ma s ter of Magd a l en Coll ege Schoo l, a n d T CLA TON, MA . Y . .

w
Cr o n 8v o c l o h 4 s 6 d . t , . .

l
Th i s se ec t i on i s i n te n d ed for t he u se of t h e hi gh es t forms i n Sc hools an d for U ni ers i ty v
St u d en ts f or H on our Exa m i na ti ons , for w
h om i t was f elt t ha t a s ma ll an d comp act book
wou ld b e m os t ser i cea b e v l
w
.

l
Th e s e ect i on h as be e n mad e i t h m u c h c are an d t h e as s a g es whi ch we ha e m ore p v
p a r t i cu larly exa m i n ed ar e er a p p r op r i a te f or t v
ra ns la tyi o n
’
.

SC H OOL G U AR DIAN , J u ne 7 , 187 9 .

L AT I N G R E E K V E R S I O NS of s om e of th e S E LE C T E D
an d

P I E CES for TRANSLATI ON Co l l ec ed a n d arr a n g ed b y t he . t

R ev H C OG LE , M A H ea d Mas e r of Ma g d a l en College Schoo l ;
. . . . .
, t
and TH OMAS CLA Y TON, MA . .
, Tr i n i ty Coll ege, Ox for d . Crown 8v o .

Os .
[J us t r ea d y .

Th is Key i s for t h e ly
Tu to rs on , an d i s E s ned on t h e un d ers ta n di n g tha t i t
u se of
d oes n ot ge t i n to t h e h an d s of an y p u p il
t V
.

v
F or t h e co n e ni en ce of Sc h oolm a st e rs a n d Tu tors h ese er s i o n s a re als o i s sued i n
a n o t h er f or m , v i a on se a ra t e lea es r ea d p v y
for d i s t n bn ti on t o p u ils t he reb sa i ng t h e p y v
t
n ews s i t y of d i c a t i n g or c op i n g y y
Th e ar e d on e u p In p ac k et s of t wen t -d v e eac h , an d
,

y
w y kt y
.

l
n ot e s s t ha n t e n t -fi e se t s v
p ac e s ) ca n b e su p p li ed at a ti m e Pr i ce — Thi r t .

v
fi e Shi lli n gs n et .

DA MON ; or , T he A RT of G R E E K I A MB I C MAK I NG By .

t he Re v . . I I
J H ER B ER T W LL AMS, MA Co m pos i i on Mas te r i n S . t .

Ni c ho l as Col l eg e, La n ci ng ; la e Demy of Magda l en College F cp t . .

8 vo l s 6 d . . .

t
Thi s s m a ll r ea t is e cl ai m s as i t s meri t h a t i t r ea l tea c h es Gree am bi c t
r i ti n g on ly kI w
y
a s y st em , an d t hi s s st e m i s ba s ed on n o ar b i t ra r a na l si s of t h e a m bi c li n e, b u t on t he y y I
w
way i n h i c h th e sc h olar p rac t i ca ll re gar d s i t i n ma k i n g v erses hi ms elf y .

A Key , for Tu tor s only . F cp 8vo . . c o l th , 3s . 6d .

J AMES THORNTON, 3 3 41 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 CLASS B OOKS —
con ti n u ed .

S H O RT T A B L E S a n d NOT E S on G R E E K an d LAT I N
GRAMMAR B y W E W COLLIN S, MA . J es us Coll ege
. Cr o n . . . . . w
8 vo . l
c oth, 2s .

A R S S C R IB E NDI LAT I NE ; or , Ai ds to La i n Pros e Com pos i i on t t .

In t he F or m of a n An al y s i s of La i n t I d i om s . By B . A E DW AR DS ,
.

B A, . . l ate Sc hol ar of J es u s Coll ege Ox ford , . Cr o w n 8 v6 l s . .

O U T L I NE S of C H E MI CA L T H E O RY . B y F R EDER I CK F i NNI s
GRE NSTED, B A . .
,
U ni v ers i y Coll ege t .
[In p r ep a r a ti on .

A R I T H ME T I C F O R S C H OOL S . B as ed on p r i n ci pl es of Cau s e
an d Effec t . B y t he R ev F RE DE R . I CK SPARE S, M A , Ma hema i ca l
. . t t
Ma s t er t he H i gh Schoo l P l y m ou t h a n d l a t e Lectu r er of Wor c es t er
, , ,

Coll ege Ox f ord , [In p r ep a r a t i on

. .

A L G E B RA I C A L Q U E S T I O NS AND E X E R C I S E S F or .

t h e U s e of Ca n d i d a t e s for Ma tr i cula t i on Res po n s i on s a n d F i rs t , ,

Pu b l i c E x a mi na t i on s a n d th e Ox ford a n d Cam br i d ge Loca l a n d ,

Cert i fi ca t e E x a mi na i on s t . Cro w n 8v o 2 s . .

A R I T H ME T I C A L Q U E S T I ONS A ND E X E RC I S E S . F or
t he U se of t
Ca n d i d a es for Ma tr i cu la i on , Re s pon s i on s , an d F i rs t t
Publi c t
E x a mi n a i on s , a n d the Ox for d a n d Ca mb r i d ge Loca l an d
t
Cer i fi ca t e E xa m i na i on s t . Cr own 8v o 13 . . 6d .

Q U E S T I O NS AND E X E R C I S E S IN A DVANC E D L OG I C .

F or t he U s e of Ca n d i d a t e s f or t he H on our Mod era i o n Sc hool s t .

Cro w n 8 vo l s . . 6d .

The R U DI ME NT S of LOG I C , wi th Ta b l es and E x a m pl es . By

F E
. . W E ATRR RL Y MA , . . F cp 8v o
. . clo th l i mp , ls 6d
. .

H ere i s v
e er y hit n g n eed f ul f or a b eg i n n er .
’
— EDU CATIONAL TIME S .

‘
lv
Is a c e er con d en s a ti on of fi r st p r i n ci p les .
’
— SC HOOL GU ARDIAN .

A F E W NOT E S ont he G OS P E L S B y W E W COLL NS MA . . . . I ,

J es u s Coll ege . New Ed i i on t

Crown 8v o p a pe r cov er s , l s 6 d
. . . .

PALE STRA OXONIENSIS .

The oly ect of thi s Ser i es i s to f u rn is h Ex er ci s es a n d Tes t Pap er s f or Ca nd id a tes

'

r e a r i n f or t he va r i ous E x a mi n a ti ons a t ou r P u bli c Sc hools

p p g
a n d Un i ver s i ti es .

Q U E S T I ONS an d E XE RC I S E S for MAT R I C U LAT I O N an d

RE SPONSI ONS CONTENTS : ( 1) Gramma i cal Q u es i on s i n Gr ee
.
t t k
a n d La i n ; ( )
2 Ma er i a ls fortLa i n Pr o s e ; ( 3 ) Q u es i on s on t t t
Au hors t . Si x th Ed i i on t . Cro wn 8v o . c o l th , 3 s 6d . .

JAMES THORNTON, 3 3 41 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 PALJESTRA OXONIENSlS— con ti n u ed .

QU E S T I O NS an d E XE R C IS E S for C LA S S IC A L S C H OL AR
S HI P S CONTENr s : ( 1) Cr i t i ca l Grammar Q u es ti on s in Gree k and
.

L a tin ; ( 2 ) U ns ee n p a s s ages for t rans la t ion Ada p te d to th e O xford .

a n d Cam b ridge S ch oo l s Ce r t i fica te an d t he O x ford Firs t P u b li c

E x amina t ion s Se co nd E di tion co rr ec te d a n d e n la rged Crown

.
, .

8 v o c l o th 3 8 6 d
.
, . .

E l u c ida t ions t o t he Cri ti ca l Q u es ti ons wi t h K ey t o t h e U nseen ,

Pa s s a ges .
[In the p r es s .

QU E S T I O NS a n d E XE R C I S E S for C LA S S I CA L S C H OLA R
S HIPS Sec ond Di vi si on C om m s : ( 1) H is to ri ca l and G eneral
. .

Q u es tions ; ( 2 ) S u bj e c t s for E ng l i s h E ssa y s C rown 8v o cl o th . . ,

3 s. 6d .

QU E S T I O NS XE R C I S E S i n E L E ME NTAR Y MAT H E
an d E
MATICS C N N .
( 1) A i t hm e t i ; ( 2 ) Al ge b ra ; ( 3 ) E cl id
O TE TS ! r c u .

Th ird E dit ion enl rg d Ada pt d t Ma tr c l tion R p n ion

, a e . e o i u a , es o s s,

and Firs t P bl i E x amina t ons u d th O xford and Cam b ridge

c i , an e

L l and Cert i fica t E x amina t ion

oca C o wn 8 lot h 3 6 d
e Wi t h s . r vo c .
, s . .

AN W S5 Th e AN W sep r te ly p p er v ers 1 6 d
E R S, s . S E RS a a , a co , 8 . .

QU E S T I O NS a n d E XE R C I S E S i n E L E ME NTA R Y LO G I C ,

D E DU CT I VE and I NDU CT I VE ; wi t h In dex of Lo gi ca l T e rms .

Cro w n 8vo c l o th ( Ne w Edi tion in t he p ress )

. . .

QU E S T I O NS XE R C I S E S i n R U DI ME NTA R Y DI
an d E
VI NI T Y C N ( 1) O l d T t men t ; ( 2 ) Ne w T es t men t ;
ox r a es a
'
. rs : a

( 3 ) Th e Th irty Nine Ar t i cl es ( 4 ) Gree k Passages for Tr ns la t ion

-
a .

Ad p ted to th e Oxford Pa s and t h e O xford d Cam b ridg C ti fi

a s an e er

ca t e E xami at ions S ond E dit io Cro w n 8 c l o th 3 6d

n . ec n . v o. , s . .

E L E ME NTA R Y QU E S T I O NS P R O P E R TY on the L AW of ,

S
R E AL and P E R ONAL S u ppl ement ed by Ad v an c d Q est ions . e u on

th e La w o f C n t ra t s Wi th Cop io R e feren c es t hr g h o t
o cd . us ou u , an

an I nde x f Leg l T erms Cro wn 8

o lo t h 3 6 d a . v o. c , s . .

QU E S T I O NS a n d E XE R C I S E S i n P O L I T IC A L E C O NO MY ,

wi t h R e feren ces to Adam Smi t h Ri ca rdo J o h n S t u ar t Mi ll Fa w c e tt , , , ,

J E Th oro ld Rogers B o n a my Pri ce T wis s Seni or and o t h ers

. .
, , , , .

Crown 8y o cl ot h 3 s 6 d .
, . .

J AMES THORNTON. 3 3 d 4 ! HIGH S TREE T, OXFORD .

 LAW AND POLITICAL ECONOMY m ti m ced
‘ ‘ —
.

An A B R ID G ME NT of A D A M S MIT H S INQU I R Y i n to the

’

NA T U R E S S o f th e and f S CA U E W E ALT H o NA T I ON By .

W P EM . N M A . B C L Cro w n 8 E R TOc lo t h 6 , . .
, . . . vo .
, 3 .

Th is w r k ( b d J eremiah J oy c e s A b ridgmen t ) origi a lly pp ear d

o as e on
’
n a e

in t w p r ts and is no w re p bl is h d ft er re f l revision wi th Addi ti n l

o a u e a ca u , o a
N t es A pp endi c es and a Com p l e t e I nde x
o ,

Par t I B ok s I and I I 3 6 d
.
,

Th e ab ov e b e h ad in tw o Par t
ca n s . . o . . 8 . .

Par t I I Bo o ks III IV and V 3 8 6 d .

, . . . .

O UTL I NE S o f J U R I S P R U D E NC E For t he U s e o f S t uden ts . .

By B R WI SE l a t e Sc h ol ar of Q ueen s C oll ege Oxfor d ; O xford

. .
,
’
,

Cob den Priz eman 18 7 8 Crow n 8vo c lo t h 5 8 , . .

, .

This bo ok is i nte nded to b e a c ri t i cal and e xpl ana tory commen ta ry u po n

t he J u ris p r u den c e t ext b ook s in c ommon u s e ; and i t endea v o u rs t o p rese n t
-

a p rec i s e and coh eren t v ie w o f a ll t he to p i cs u p on w h i ch t h ese t ou ch

The s t den t of j rispr den ce will certai nl y fi d th e work s gges tive an d h elpf l
.

y
’
u u u n u u .

T H E A TH E NZ E U M, J ul 15 , 1882 .

O UTL INE S of E NG L I S H CO NS T I T U T I O NA L H I S TO R Y .

By B R ITIF F E CONST AB L E Sx o r r o wa '

, B A . .
, l a te Sc h o la r of Ne w
Co ll ege Oxford Cr ow n 8v o cl o t h 3 s 6 d
, . .
, . .

Th e o bj e c t of th is book i s to as sis t b eginners in reading Cons ti tu ti ona l

H is t ory by a rr a nging i n order o u t l ine s of th e gro w t h o f t h e m os t im p or ta n t
'

I n s t i tu t ions .

An A NA LY S IS of th e E NG L I S H LAW o f RE A L P R O
P E R T Y ch i efly from Bl a ck stone s Commen ta ry w i t h T ab l es and
,
’
,

I nde x es By G OR DON CAMPB E LL M A A u t h or o f An Ana ly sis o f

.
, . .
,

A u s t in s L e ct u res o n J ur is p ru d en c e and o f A Com p endi u m of

’
,
’ ‘

Roman La w Crow n 8v o c loth 3 s 6 d

.
’
.
, . .

An ANA LY S I S of J U S T I NI A N S I NS T I T UT E S of R O MAN
’

LAW w i t h T a b l es
, [In p r ep a ra t i on
. .

A C H R O NOLO G I C A L S U MMA R Y o f t he C H I E F R E A L
P R OP E R T Y S T A T U T E S w i th t h eir more im porta n t Pro v isions ,
.

F or t h e U s e of L a w S tu den t s By P F A LDR E D M A B C L . . .
,
. .
, . . .

Cr ow n 8 vo 2 s . .

E L E ME NTA R Y QU E S T I O NS on the LAW o f P R O P E R TY ,

R E AL and PE RS ONAL S u ppl emen t ed b y Ad v an c ed Q u es t ions on .

t h e La w o f Con trac ts Wi t h Cop io us R e feren c es th ro u g h ou t and .

,

a n I nde x o f Le ga l T erms Cro w n 8 vo c l o th 3 s 6 d . .

,
. .

T he S PE C I A L S TAT UT E S req u ired by Candida t es for t h e Sc h ool

o f J u ris p ru den ce a t Oxford F c p 8vo se w ed 2 s 6 d Wi t h b rie f . . .
, . .

No te s and T rans l a t ion s by a B C L C lo th 5 8 . . .

, .

J AMES THORNTON, 3 3 4 1 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 OXFORD STUDY GUIDES .

A SE R IE S OF H A N DB OO K S TO E XA MI N A T I O N S .

Ed it ed by F 8 POLLING, . . MA . .
, Exeter B odlege .

TH E o bj e c t of t hi s Se ri es i s t o g u i d e Stu d en ts i n t h e r i rea d i n g
for th e d iffe re t e x a m i at i o s The a m o n t of t i m e w a s t ed a t
n n n . u

p e s en t s im p ly t hrou gh i gn ora ce of the way to re a d i s s o grea t

r ,
n
,

t h a t t he E d i tor a d A t h o r s fee l c o vi n c e d of t he
n u ec e s s i ty fo n n r

s om e s c h h a d b ook s an d t h ey t r u st t ha t t h e s e G i d es w i ll a t
u n , u

l e a s t d o s om et h in g t o p re v e t i n th e f t ure t he m i sa pp li c a t i o
n u n

o f s o m u c h i d u s t ryn .

E a c h v ol m e w ill b e co fi e d t o o e b ra c h of s tu d y a d
u n n n n ,
n

will i n c l u d e an a c cou n t o f t he v a ri o s Sch ol a rs hi p s a n d Pri es u z

o ffe r e d by t he U n i v e r s i ty or t he Coll e g e s i n i ts d e p a rt me n t ; a d n

w ill b e u d e rtak e n b y a wr it e r w h os e e xp e rie n ce q a li fi e s hi m to

n u

s p e a k w i th a u th or i ty on the s bj ect u .

The b ook s will c on ta i n r

e x t a c ts from the U n i v er s it y S ta t u te s

r el at i g t o the E x a m i na ti o s wi t h a at tem pt to e x p l a i n th em as
n n ,
n

t he y e x i s t a d a d v i ce a s to W h a t t o r e a d a d how to rea d ; ho w
,
n n

t o p r e p a r e s bj e c ts fo e x a m i a t i o
u a d ho w t o a s w e r p a p e r s ;
r n n ,
n n

a f w s p ec i m e n q u es t i o
e e x tra c ts fr om t he R e gu l a t i o s o f t he
n s, n

B oa r d o f S t d i e s a n d a lis t o f books
u ,
.

T H E OLO G Y By t he Rev F H WOODS

. . . .
, RD Fell ow of S t Joh n s
.
’

College Crown 8v o cl ot h 2 s 6d
. .
,
. .

J AMES THORNTON, 3 3 41 HIGH STREET, OXFORD .

 OXFORD STUDY GUIDES —
con ti n ue d .

E NT R ANC E C L A S S IC A L S C H O LAR S H I P S . By S . H J . xr xs , BA
C las s i ca l Le c tur er a t U ni versi ty C oll ege a n d la te S ch ol ar of Tri ni ty ,

Co ll ege Crown 8v o clo t h 2 3 6 d. .

[Rea dy , . .

It is q i t refres hin g t fi d a gu ide to an exa mina ti on tha t so thoro g hl y dis co u ra g es

u e o n u

cram Scn oor G U ARDIAN J 20 188 1

.
’
— . , u ne , .

This is a smart book an d a sef l comment o the pres ent met h od of awardi g scholar
“
u u n n .

shi ps There is a certai n f a k cyn icism i n m ch of th e advi ce as wh en M J EYES r marks

,

r n u r e

It is good wearing t yo trousers in a st dy c hai r if y do ot set yo r brains t

. .
, ,

no

work o that it is q it useless to p la y at h id e an d seek with examiners who are familiar

ou ur u , ou n u o

u e -

wi th e very t rn and twist in th e game ; and t her e seems li ttl e do bt tha t a clev er b oy
r -

c a h d by him o his method wo l d get a sc holars hip Sr s c ra 1 o a A g 2 7 1881

u ,
’— ‘
o c e n , u .
, u .
, .

M J eyes has pro vided paren ts an d te ac h ers wi th an excellent man al b y which t o

r

gu id e thei r sons o p p ils i p re pari g f U n iv ersi ty Sch olars hi ps

u

H giv es directi ons

.

r u n n or e

as t t he bes t way of pre pari g f th e d i fi e e t sorts f pa pers

o n an d also f th e bes t
way of ta kl in g wi th the pa per wh en conf onted wi th it in act al exami na tion Th e
or r n o or

c r u

observations are of th e mos t pra t ical ki d The book is well done an d ou g ht to be

.

c n ,

u se f l THE ACA DEMY J ne 18 188 1

’
—
u .
, u , .

H O NO U R C LAS S ICA L MODE R AT I ONS . By L . R . FAR NE LL , B A

. .
,

Fe ll o w of E x e ter Coll ege Cro wn 8 vo cl o t h 2 8 6 d [Rea d y . .

, . . .

‘
It is f ll f u se f l an d sc holarly su g g s tions which man y hard readin g men w ill be
u u e

than kf l f
o

uW ith h in ts as t th e li ne of rea di n g to be ad o pte d an d the boo ks to

or o

be taken p so as to make the most of th eir time an d to rea d to th e b st d v an tage !

,

u , e a

SC H OOL G u s s o w N ember 4 1881 , ov , .

L IT E RE H U MANIOR E S . By E B . . IW N M
A -
U LLE R , RA, Ne w College .

[Shor tly .

MO DE R N H I S TO RY . By F S PU LLING M A
. .
, . .
, E x et er Coll ege [Sho r tly .

NAT U R A L S CI E NC E . By E B POU LTON MA Keb le Co lleg e [Shor tly

. .
, . .
, .

J U R S P R U DI
E N E C an d CI VI L LAW . By W P . . E ME R TO N ,

C hris t C h u rch .

MAT H E MAT IC S — To be r
a r a nged f or .