Additional Review

Material for MMW

Analyzing Data
Example:
One hundred fifty students
were asked of their favorite pet.
Their responses are shown in the
graph below. How many students
chose cats as their favorite pet?

Answer: 45 students
 Solution: 50 x 0.30 = 45

Data Analysis
Measure of Central Tendency
In a set of score arrange in order as from lowest to highest,
• Mean is the average score.
• Median is the middle most score
• Mode is the most frequent score.
• Range is highest score minus the lowest score
Common Operations on Sets
Union and intersection of sets
• Union The union of sets �� and ��, denoted by �� ∪ �� is the set that
 contains all the elements that belong to �� or to ��, or to both.
• The intersection of sets �� and ��, denoted by �� ∩ ��, is the set of
elements common to both �� and ��.
Cardinality of the set:
The number of distinct element in a set.
Example: Given �� = {��, ��, ��} the cardinality of set ��
denoted by �� �� = 3. Since there are 3 elements in ��

Remember that �� �� ∪ �� = �� �� + �� �� − ��(�� ∩ ��)

Quantifiers

E
xample:
What is the negation of the false proposition, “No doctors write in a legible
manner”?
Correct Answer:
“Some doctors write in legible manner”
“ There exist at least one doctor who writes in a legible manner.”

The Conditional and Related Statements

• Converse
•Inverse
• Contrapositive

The converse of �� → �� is �� → ��
The inverse of �� → �� is ~�� → ~��
The contrapositive of �� → �� is ~�� → ~��
Example: Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive
of “If I get the job, then I will rent the apartment.” Answer:
Converse:
If I rent the apartment, then I get the job.
Inverse:
If I do not get the job, then I will not rent the
apartment. Contrapositive:
If I do not rent the apartment, then I did not get the job.
Logic and Logic Connectives
 Proposition - is the basic object of logic. • A
declarative sentence that is either true or false, but
not both.
• We use ��, ��, ��, … to denote propositions.
Example: Legazpi is a city in Bicol
Logic Connectives and Symbols
Statement Symbolic Form Logical operator/
connective
Not �� ¬�� negation
�� and �� �� ^ �� conjunction
�� or �� �� v �� disjunction
If ��, then �� �� → �� conditional
�� if and only if �� ↔ �� biconditional
 ��

Truth Value
• The conjunction �� �� is true if and only if �� and �� are
true and the conjunction is false if either �� or �� is false.
• In general, the disjunction �� �� �� is true if �� is true or
�� is true or both �� and �� are true.
• The statement �� → �� is true when both �� and �� are
true and when �� is false (no matter what truth value �� has).

Note:
Additional materials will be sent after your practice teaching.