AIM: To identify second group basic radicals (Cu 2+, As3+) in the given salts.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: Write on your own.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

1) Salt + NaOH + Heat No Smell of ammonia NH4+ is absent.
2) O.S + dil. HCl No appearance of white ppt Pb2+ is absent.
2+ 3+
SECOND GROUP RADICAL (Cu , As ): Group Reagent: H2S in the presence of dilute HCl
3) O.S + dil. HCl + H2S i) Appearance of black ppt in Salt A i) Cu2+may be present in Salt A
ii) Appearance of yellow pptin Salt B ii) As3+ may be present in Salt B
Salt A: Confirmatory Test for Cu2+:
Filter the above black ppt and dissolve the ppt in Clear solution obtained
dil HNO3 to get a clear solution. Then divide it into
two parts:
Part I + NH4OH solution i) Blue solution is obtained
Cu2+ is confirmed
Part II + potassium ferrocyanide K4[Fe(CN)6] ii) Chocolate brown ppt is obtained
solution
Salt B: Confirmatory Test for As3+:
Filter the above yellow ppt and dissolve the ppt in
conc. HNO3 to get a clear solution.
Clear solution + solid crystals of ammonium
molybdate solution + boil it. Canary yellow ppt is obtained As3+ is confirmed

RESULT: Salt A contains Cu2+ ions.

Salt B contains As3+ ions.
Preliminary test:
Cu2 + H2S  CuS  + 2H
Black ppt
2As + 3H2S  As2S3  + 2H
3

Yellow ppt
Confirmatory test for Cu2+:

CuS ppt dissolves in dil. nitric acid

3CuS + 8HNO3  3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O

i) 2Cu(NO3)2 + 8NH4OH ⎯→ 2 [Cu(NH3)4](NO3)2 + 8H2O

Tetraamminecopper(II)nitrate
(Deep blue)

ii) 2Cu(NO3)2 + K4[Fe(CN)6] ⎯→ Cu2[Fe(CN)6]  + 4KNO3

Potassium ferrocyanide Copper(II) ferrocyanide
(Chocolate brown precipitate)
Confirmatory test for As3+:

As2S3 ppt dissolves in conc. HNO3

3As2S3 + 10HNO3 + 4H2O ⎯→ 6H3AsO4 + 10NO + 9S

Arsenic acid
H3AsO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 ⎯→ (NH4)3[As(Mo3O10)4]  + 21NH4NO3 +12H2O
Arsenic acid Ammonium molybdate Ammonium arsinomolybdate
(yellow precipitate)