BS 

EN 1022:2018

BSI Standards Publication

Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

BS EN 1022:2018 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1022:2018. It
supersedes BS EN 1022:2005, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee FW/0/2, Domestic and Contract Furniture.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2018
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018
ISBN 978 0 580 89694 1
ICS 97.140
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2018.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BS EN 1022:2018

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1022

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2018

ICS 97.140 Supersedes EN 1022:2005

English Version

Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

Mobilier - Sièges - Détermination de la stabilité Möbel - Sitzmöbel - Bestimmung der Standsicherheit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1022:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5
4 General test conditions ................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Application of forces ...................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Tolerances ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
5 Test equipment ................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Loading point template ................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3 Floor .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
5.4 Stops .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
5.5 Stability loading pad ................................................................................................................................... 10
5.6 Stability loading device .............................................................................................................................. 11
5.7 Loading discs.................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.8 Support apparatus ....................................................................................................................................... 13
5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests ............................................................................................ 13
5.10 Local loading pad ......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.11 Seat loading pad............................................................................................................................................ 13
6 Determination of seat and back loading points ................................................................................ 14
6.1 Swivelling seats............................................................................................................................................. 14
6.1.1 Seat loading point “A” ................................................................................................................................. 14
6.1.2 Back loading point “B” ................................................................................................................................ 15
6.2 All other seating............................................................................................................................................ 15
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
6.2.2 Seating with a back rest ............................................................................................................................. 15
6.2.3 Seating without a back rest ...................................................................................................................... 15
6.3 Loungers .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point................................................................................... 17
7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers .......................................... 17
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.2 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................ 18
7.3 Test procedures, all seating ..................................................................................................................... 18
7.3.1 Forwards overturning ................................................................................................................................ 18
7.3.2 Forwards overturning for seating with foot rest .............................................................................. 21
7.3.3 Corner stability test ..................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all seating without arm rests ..................................................................... 23
7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all other seating .............................................................................................. 24
7.3.6 Rearwards overturning all seating with back rests ........................................................................ 26
7.4 Additional test procedures for seating with reclining back rests .............................................. 27
7.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
7.4.2 Tilting seating ................................................................................................................................................ 27
7.4.3 Reclining seating with leg rest ................................................................................................................ 28
7.4.4 Reclining seating without leg rest .......................................................................................................... 30
7.4.5 Rearwards stability test for rocking chairs ........................................................................................ 31

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

8 Loungers .......................................................................................................................................................... 32
8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
8.2 Requirements................................................................................................................................................. 33
8.3 Test procedures ............................................................................................................................................ 33
8.3.1 Forwards overturning................................................................................................................................. 33
8.3.2 Sideways overturning ................................................................................................................................. 33
9 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Annex A (normative) Seat loading pad data..................................................................................................... 35
Annex B (normative) Test parameters .............................................................................................................. 38
B.1 All seating other than loungers ............................................................................................................... 38
B.2 Loungers .......................................................................................................................................................... 39

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

European foreword

This document (EN 1022:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 207 “Furniture”,
the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2019.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 1022:2005.

The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:

— The title and scope of the document has been changed to include seating for all uses.

— All test methods for assessing the stability of seating used in European Standards for furniture have
been collated in one document. The document now contains methods that were previously listed in
EN 1022, EN 581-2, Outdoor furniture and EN 1335-3, Office Work Chairs.

— Test methods for assessing the stability of office work chairs and all other seating have been
harmonised.

— A test method for assessing corner stability has been introduced for all types of chair.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies test methods and requirements for the determination of the stability of all
types of seating for adults weighing up to 110 kg, without regard to use, materials, design/construction
or manufacturing process.
The test methods described can be used for seating for children and heavier adults by modifying test
loads and loading points.
This document does not apply to children’s highchairs, table mounted chairs and bath seats which are
covered by other European Standards.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
arm rest
part of the seating able to support the arms of the user when seated, 100 mm or higher above the height
of the seat loading point

3.2
back rest
element that supports the back of the user higher than 100 mm above the height of the seat loading
point

3.3
foot rest
part intended to support the feet of the user which assists the user getting on or off an item of seating

Note 1 to entry: A foot rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating.

3.4
leg rest
extension of the seat area intended to support the legs of the user

Note 1 to entry: A leg rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating, and
may not be suitable for use as an item of seating itself.

3.5
load bearing structure
load bearing parts of the item of seating such as the frame, seat, back and arm supports and suspension

3.6
lounger
item of seating intended for reclined posture with at least one back rest position such that back rest
angle is 45 degrees or less to the horizontal, and a leg rest which is an integral part of the product and
intended to support the full body weight of a user

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

Key
θ back rest angle

Figure 1 — Example of Lounger

3.7
median plane
vertical plane running from front to rear through the centre of the seat, dividing the item of seating into
two parts

Note 1 to entry: In most instances the two parts are symmetrical.

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2.

3.8
overturning
when an item of seating pivots to a position beyond which the item continues to fall

3.9
raised side edge
side edge of the item of seating, higher than 50 mm above the height of the seat loading point

3.10
stability
ability to withstand forces that tend to cause the loaded seating to overturn

3.11
supporting point
foot of a leg, castor or glide

3.12
swivelling seat
item of seating, whose upper part, which includes the seat and back, is supported on a single column
and can rotate in the horizontal plane

3.13
transverse plane
vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane passing through the seat loading point

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Key
1 transverse plane
2 median plane
A seat loading point

Figure 2 — Transverse and median plane

3.14
work chair
swivelling chair, with or without arm rests, for use by one adult in the office, whose upper part, which
includes the seat and back is supported on a single column and can rotate in the horizontal plane and is
at least adjustable in height

4 General test conditions

4.1 General

The furniture shall be tested as delivered. Knock-down furniture shall be assembled according to the
instructions supplied with it. Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing.
If the furniture can be assembled or combined in different ways, the most adverse configuration shall be
used for each test.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the sample for test shall be stored in indoor ambient
conditions for at least 24 h immediately prior to testing.
The tests shall be carried out at indoor ambient conditions but if during a test the temperature is
outside the range 15 °C to 25 °C the maximum and/or minimum temperature shall be recorded in the
test report.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

4.2 Application of forces

The test forces shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that negligible dynamic load is applied.
Unless otherwise stated, overturning forces shall be maintained for (5 ± 2) s.
For rearwards stability tests defined in 7.4.2, 7.4.3, and 7.4.4, the loading discs shall be maintained in
position for (120 ± 60) s.
The forces may be replaced by masses. The relationship 10 N = 1 kg shall be used.
4.3 Tolerances

Unless otherwise stated the following tolerances are applicable:

— forces: ± 5 % of the nominal force;

— masses: ± 1 % of the nominal mass;

— dimensions: all dimensions less than 300 mm shall have a tolerance of ± 1 mm of the nominal
dimension, all other dimensions shall have a tolerance of ± 0,5 % of the nominal dimension;

— angles: ± 2° of the nominal angle.

The accuracy for the positioning of loading pads shall be ± 5 mm.

NOTE For the purposes of uncertainty measurement, test results are not considered to be adversely affected
when the above tolerances are met.

5 Test equipment
5.1 General

The equipment shall not inhibit deformation nor cause unnatural deformation of the unit/component,
i.e. it shall be able to move so that it can follow the deformation of the unit/component during testing.
All loading pads shall be capable of pivoting in relation to the direction of the applied force. The pivot
point shall be as close as practically possible to the load surface.
If a loading pad tends to slide use a slip resistant material between the loading device and the item of
seating.
The tests may be applied by any suitable device because results are dependent only upon correctly
applied forces and not upon the apparatus.

5.2 Loading point template

Consisting of two shaped members (see Figure 3) fastened together by a pivot at one end. The contours
of the shaped surfaces are so devised as to sink into the upholstery. For this purpose the loading point
template, with an additional mass applied at the seat loading point, shall be 20 0+1 kg .

The apparatus is marked as shown in Figure 4.

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Scale: 1 square = 20 mm
Key
1 top 6 seat portion
2 rear 7 front
3 back portion 8 bottom
4 seat load A seat loading point (all seating except stools)
5 back load B back loading point (all seating except stools)
Figure 3 — Loading surface curves for seat and back loading point template

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 typical section
2 mark to fix 90°
3 straight edge for the determination of seat or back inclination
A seat loading point (all seating except stools)
B back loading point (all seating except stools)
C seat loading point (stools)

Figure 4 — Loading point template

So that the template can be positioned easily with the two members at 90° to each other, a line is drawn
on the back portion.

5.3 Floor

Horizontal, flat and rigid with a smooth surface.

5.4 Stops

Unless otherwise stated, stops shall be of the minimum height required to prevent sliding and shall not
inhibit overturning.
5.5 Stability loading pad

A loading pad as shown in Figure 5. The circular pad may be made of any suitable material (e.g. plastic
or wood). The extension piece shall be made of aluminium. Where it is not possible to use the pad with
extension piece, a stability loading pad without the extension piece may be used.

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
a grip material on a 300 mm R surface, recessed into a groove so that only the gripper teeth protrude. The
carpet gripper placement shown is one example, other configurations are acceptable

Figure 5 — Stability loading pad

5.6 Stability loading device

A loading device in principle functioning as shown in Figure 6.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Key
a hold down strap
b centre line of seat
c for details see Figure 5
d for details see Figure 7

Figure 6 — Stability loading device – principle

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 sufficient to clear all foam and fabric and allow for set back
2 height of loading point F2 horizontal outwards
3 centre line/centre of gravity of weight
4 rod with spherical tip
5 load
X enlarged detail of rod with spherical tip

Figure 7 — Example of front and side stability loading fixture

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

5.7 Loading discs

Discs with a mass of 10 kg each, with a diameter of 350 mm and a thickness of 48 mm. The centre of
gravity shall be the centre of the disc. The surface friction of the disc (disc to disc) shall be such that the
force to initiate movement shall be 31 N ± 9 N.
5.8 Support apparatus

An apparatus to support the main stack of the loading discs in reclining seating tests. It shall be as light
as possible and not heavier than 2,5 kg. Figure 8 shows a basic design.
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 height adjustable support bars
2 pivot point

Figure 8 — Support apparatus

5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests

Polypropylene sheet 1,5 mm ± 0,15 mm thick, 360 mm ± 10 mm wide and 700 mm ± 15 mm high.
5.10 Local loading pad

Rigid cylindrical object 100 mm in diameter, with a flat face and a 12 mm edge radius.
5.11 Seat loading pad

Naturalistically shaped rigid indenter with a hard, smooth surface having overall dimensions within the
limits shown in Figure 9.
For details of design see Annex A.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 seat loading point

Figure 9 — Seat loading pad – Overall dimensions

6 Determination of seat and back loading points

6.1 Swivelling seats
6.1.1 Seat loading point “A”

The point in which the swivelling seat's axis of rotation intersects with the seat surface with the seat in
a position as close as possible to the horizontal.

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

6.1.2 Back loading point “B”

The point on the centre line of the back rest, 300 mm above loading point “A” (6.1.1) measured when
the seat is loaded with 640 N through the seat loading pad (5.11).
6.2 All other seating
6.2.1 General

The seat and back loading points shall be determined using the template as specified in 5.2 in the
manner specified in 6.2.2 or 6.2.3.
In some cases it may not be possible to determine the loading points by means of the template.
In such cases the seat loading point (A) shall be 175 mm forward of the seat/back junction, or at the
point closest to this that allows the seat load to be applied. The back loading point (B) shall be a point
300 mm upward from the seat/back junction.
Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by
the above method the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending
moment (back force, N x floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.
If the number of seats in the item is not obvious, divide the total seat length (in mm) by 600 mm and
round to the nearest whole number to determine the number of seats. Divide the total seat length into
seats of equal length.
6.2.2 Seating with a back rest

For seating with adjustable back rests, set the back rest to its most upright position.
Adjust the template such that the angle between the seat and back portions is 90°.
For upholstered and flexible seating position the loaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as
far towards the rear as possible, without applying force to the back rest. Adjust the position of the
template by pushing the back loading portion into the back of the seating so that it is in contact with the
back rest, allowing the shape of the seat portion of the template to correlate with that of the seat (see
Figure 10a)).
For rigid seating position the unloaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as far towards the
rear as possible without applying force to the back rest. Adjust the position of the template by pushing
the back loading portion into the back so that it is in contact with the back rest and apply the specified
load to the template. Where possible ensure that point A on the template is in contact with the seating
surface (see Figure 10b)). Where this is not possible ensure the top of the horizontal part of the seat
loading template is as close to horizontal as possible. In cases where the template can be settled in more
than one position, the position having the smallest angle between the seat and back portions of the
template shall be used. The angle shall in no cases be less than 90°.
Mark the required seat loading point (A), and back loading point (B) from the template. If relevant
repeat the procedures on the other seat(s).
Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by
the above method the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending
moment (back force, N x floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.
6.2.3 Seating without a back rest

Set up the template (5.2) at 90° as shown in Figure 4. Place it on each seating position as shown in
Figure 10c). Mark the seat loading point (A) with the aid of the mark C from the template.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

a) Upholstered/flexible seating with a back

b) Rigid seating with a back

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

c) Seating without a back/stools

Key
1 front of stool
A seat loading point – seating with back rests
B back loading point
C seat loading point – seating without back rests

Figure 10 — Determination of seat and back loading point

6.3 Loungers

Seat and back loading points shall be determined using the procedure defined in 6.2.
6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point

Place the seat loading pad (5.11) on the seat loading point (A) and apply a force of 600 N. The height of
the seat loading point is the distance from the floor to the seating surface at the seat loading point (A).
NOTE The mass of the loading pad can be considered when applying the force.

7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers

7.1 General

The stability tests defined in Clause 6 are not applicable to seating which has both the height of the seat
loading point (6.4) < 200 mm and a mass < 5 kg.
Position the seating on the floor (5.3) with its components as specified in Table 1.

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 EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Table 1 — Positioning of seating components

Clause Test Seat Seat Back rest Back rest Tilt Castors Arm rest Foot rest Leg rest
height in height position stiffness and base
adjustment

7.3.1 Forwards overturning highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely most likely
position position position position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.2 Forwards overturning for highest foremost most most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely most likely
seating with foot rest position position onerous position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
position overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.3 Corner stability test highest foremost most most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely most likely
position position onerous position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
position overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely — most likely most likely
seating without arm rests position position position position tension to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning

7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely most likely
other seating position position position position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.6 Rearwards overturning, highest rearmost highest most reclined minimum most likely most likely most likely most likely
all seating with back rests position position position position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.4 Additional test highest rearmost highest most reclined minimum most likely most likely most likely most likely
procedures for seating position position position position tension to cause to cause to cause to cause
with reclining back rests overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.2 Requirements

When tested according to 7.3 and 7.4, the seating shall not overturn. Where loads are not specified in
other standards the requirements contained in Table B.1 shall be used.
7.3 Test procedures, all seating
7.3.1 Forwards overturning

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the front or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
For seating with a single seat apply the force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at
the point on the centre line of the seat 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure.
NOTE For upholstered furniture one method to determine the front edge of the load bearing structure is to
push the front edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

For seating with multiple seats simultaneously apply two forces of F1 each vertically, by means of the
loading pad (5.5) acting at the point on the centre line of the seats 60 mm behind the front edge of the
load bearing structure, at the positions most likely to cause overturning.
For rigid seats with a large radius front edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied 60 mm from the front edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm
behind the point nearest the front edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest
point of the front edge of the seat (see Figure 11).

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
x highest point on the front edge of the seat surface
y point 20 mm below the highest point on the front edge of the seat
F1 vertical force

Figure 11 — Loading point for rigid seating with large radius at front edges

At each loaded position apply a force F2 horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward
from the point where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 12).
For items of seating with a leg rest attached to the structure of the item, and where the leg rest is
designed to support the weight of the user, the test procedure shall be repeated with the leg rest fully
extended and the force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at the point on the centre
line of the leg rest 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure.
For items of seating with a leg rest not designed to support the weight of the user the test is not
applicable to the leg rest.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Swivelling seats

b) Seating with a back rest

c) Seating without a back rest

Key
F1 vertical force
F2 horizontal force

Figure 12 — Forwards overturning for seating and stools

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

7.3.2 Forwards overturning for seating with foot rest

For seating with foot rests of tubular construction, or where the foot rest depth is less than 120 mm,
repeat the procedure in 7.3.1 applying the vertical force F1 at the most onerous point along the centre
line of the tube, or the middle of the foot rest surface, by any suitable means.
For all other seating with foot rests apply the vertical force F1at the most onerous point 60 mm from
the edge of the foot rest by means of the local loading pad (5.10).
For foot rests apply a force F2 horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward from the
point where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the foot rest.
7.3.3 Corner stability test

This test is only applicable on seating where it is possible to apply the stability loading pad (5.5) at the
specified position. Where features such as arms prevent the loading pad from being applied at the
specified position, the test is not applicable.
Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the front, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
The loading point shall be defined as the point 60 mm from the edge of the load bearing structure on a
line that passes through the seat loading point and the intersection of lines parallel to the transverse
and median planes, projected from the most forward point of the load bearing structure and the side
edges of the load bearing structure of the seat at the widest point on the seat at, or in front of, the
transverse plane (see Figure 13).
For seating with a single seat apply a force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at the
loading point. For seating with multiple seats apply a force F1 at the loading point on one outside
seating position.
For rigid seating with a large radius edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied 60 mm from the edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm behind the
point nearest the edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest point of the edge
of the seat utilising the principle shown in Figure 11.
NOTE For upholstered furniture one method to determine the front edge of the load bearing structure is to
push the front edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

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EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
A seat loading point
X corner stability loading point

Figure 13 — Determination of corner stability loading point

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Swivelling seats b) All other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
A seat loading point
F1 vertical force

Figure 14 — Corner stability test

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all seating without arm rests

This test is applicable to all seating where the top edge of the seat on the transverse plane is 50 mm or
less above the height of the loaded seat loading point (6.4). The transverse plane shall pass through the
seat loading point.
NOTE 1 This test can also be suitable for chairs with raised side edges where it is possible to carry out the test
without modification to the test method.

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) at a point 60 mm behind the edge of the
load bearing structure on the side nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane of the seat.
NOTE 2 For upholstered furniture one method to determine the side edge of the load bearing structure is to
push the front edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

For rigid seating with a large radius side edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to
be applied 60 mm from the side edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm
behind the point nearest the side edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest
point of the side edge of the seat, utilising the principle shown in Figure 11, and on the transverse plane.
In the transverse plane, apply a sideways force F2 horizontally outwards along a line from the point
where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 15).
Dimensions in millimetres

a) swivelling seats b) all other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
H height of the horizontal force above floor level
F1 vertical force
F2 horizontal force

Figure 15 — Sideways overturning for seating without arms

23
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all other seating

7.3.5.1 General

This test is applicable to all seating with arms, or where the top edge of the seat on the transverse plane
is more than 50 mm above the height of the seat loading point (A).
7.3.5.2 Seating with arm rests

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F1 vertically by means of any suitable device (see Figure 16), at a point 100 mm to the
side of the median plane of the seat which is nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane.
Apply a force F2 vertically by any suitable device, at a position on the centre line of the arm up to a
maximum 40 mm inwards from the outside edge of the arm structure at the intersection of the arm rest
and the transverse plane, but not less than 40 mm from the front or rear edge of the arm structure.
If the transverse plane does not intersect with the arm rest, apply the force F2, 40 mm from the point at
the front or rear of the arm rest structure that is nearest the transverse plane.
Apply a horizontal force F3 outwards, and perpendicular to the line joining the stopped feet, for at least
5s, at the upper surface of the seat or arm rest in line with the vertical force F2 and on the side with
stopped feet (Figure 16).
Dimensions in millimetres

a) Swivelling seating b) All other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
F1 vertical force on seat
F2 horizontal force on arm/seat edge
F3 horizontal force

Figure 16 — Sideways overturning for seating with arm rests

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

7.3.5.3 Seating with raised side edges

NOTE In some instances the most suitable test for seating with raised side edges can be 7.3.4 Sideways
overturning, all seating without arms, when it is possible to carry out the test method without modification.

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F1 vertically by any suitable device, (see Figure 17), at a point 100 mm to the side of the
median plane of the seat which is nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane.
Apply a force F2, by any suitable device, at a position no greater than 40 mm inwards from the outside
edge of load bearing structure of the raised edge on the side nearest the stopped feet and on the
transverse plane of the seat.
If the distance between the loading points is less than 200 mm, a force that provides the same
overturning moment of the combined forces, F1 and F2, shall be applied at the most suitable point on
the transverse plane.
Apply a horizontal force F3 outwards, and perpendicular to the line joining the stopped feet, at the
upper surface of the raised edge in line with the vertical force F2 and on the side with stopped feet
(Figure 17).
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
F1 vertical force on seat
F2 horizontal force on arm/seat edge
F3 horizontal force

Figure 17 — Sideways overturning for seating with raised side edges

25
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

7.3.6 Rearwards overturning all seating with back rests

The test is not applicable to seating that has adjustable back rest inclination that cannot be locked in
position.
For seating that has an adjustable back rest inclination that can be locked in position, it shall be locked
in the most upright position. When an independent lumbar adjustment is fitted it shall be set in the
most adverse configuration.
Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the back, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a vertical force F1 to the seat by means of the loading pad (5.5) at the seat loading point (A).
Apply the force F2 horizontally in a rearward direction to the back of the seating at the back loading
point, B, or at the top edge of the back rest, whichever is the lower (Figure 18).
When the seating has more than one sitting place, carry out the procedure on two most adverse sitting
places simultaneously.
If the back rest is pivoting around a horizontal axis above the height of the seat and is free to move, the
horizontal force shall be applied on the axis. If the back rest is height adjustable, the axis shall be set as
close as possible to 300 mm above the seat loading point (A).
Dimensions in millimetres

a) Swivelling seating b) All other seating

Key
A seat loading point
B back loading point
H height of the loaded seat above floor level
F1 vertical force
F2 horizontal force

Figure 18 — Rearwards overbalancing

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

7.4 Additional test procedures for seating with reclining back rests
7.4.1 General

In addition to the tests in 7.3, seating with reclining back rests shall be subjected to the tests for tilting
or reclining, as specified below provided their geometry falls within the reclining angle ranges defined
for the appropriate tests.
Seating with back rests permanently reclined which fall within the reclining angle ranges for reclining
chairs, shall be tested as reclining chairs.
The test shall be carried out with the seating in the fully tilted or reclined condition.
γ is the angle between the seat and back.
θ is the angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal (Figure 19a), Figure 20a) and Figure 22a).
For seating with shaped or padded seats or backs the load position template (5.2) shall be used to
establish the relevant angles of inclination (see Figure 19a))
If the height of the stack of loading discs (5.7) used in tests 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4 and 7.4.5 exceeds the
height of the back rest, prevent the upper discs from sliding off by the use of the support (5.9).

7.4.2 Tilting seating

The test method applies to all values of θ ≥ 10° and values of γ between 90° and 170°.
If the seating has a locking system it shall be disabled.
Load the seat with the specified number of loading discs (5.7) so that the discs are firmly settled against
the back rest, as shown in Figure 19.

27
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

a) Determination of θ and γ angles

b) Practical example of test method

Key
θ angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal
γ angle between the seat and back
1 support
2 loading discs

Figure 19 — Test for tilting chairs

7.4.3 Reclining seating with leg rest

The test method applies to all values of θ ≥ 10° and less than 55° and values of γ between 90° and 170°.
All other reclining seating with leg rests shall be treated as tilting seating (7.4.2)
With the seating in the fully reclined configuration, load the back of the seat with the specified number
of loading discs (5.7) by means of the support device (5.8) and place the specified number of loading
discs onto the leg rest (see Figure 20) at a distance Z from the intersection of the seat and back (see
Figure 21 and Table 2).

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BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Test for reclining seating with leg rest

b) Practical example of test method: reclining seating with leg rest

Key
1 elastic cord
Z distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load
γ angle between the seat and back
θ angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal

Figure 20 — Test for reclining seating with leg rest with practical example

Table 2 — Values of X and Z

θa Xb Zc
(degrees) (mm) (mm)
0 474 614
10 424 564
20 375 515
30 325 464
45 252 392
60 194 314
a θ is the angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal.
b X is the distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing
load.
c Z is the distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load.

29
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Key
Z distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load (reclining seating with leg
rest)
X distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing load (reclining seating without
leg rest)
Y values of Z and X in millimetres
W θ in degrees

Figure 21 — Values of Z and X (mm)

7.4.4 Reclining seating without leg rest

The test method applies to all values of θ ≥ 10° and less than 45° and values of Y between 90° and 170°.
All other reclining seating without foot rests shall be treated as tilting seating (7.4.2).
Load the back of the seating with the specified number of loading discs (5.7) by means of the support
device (5.8) and place the specified number of loading discs onto the front of the seat of the chair (see
Figure 22) at a distance X from the intersection of the seat and back (see Figure 21 and Table 2).

30
BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Test for reclining seating without leg rest

b) Practical example of test method: reclining seating without leg rest

Key
X distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing load
γ angle between the seat and back
θ angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal

Figure 22 — Reclining seating without foot rest

7.4.5 Rearwards stability test for rocking chairs

This test replaces the rearwards overturning test from 7.3.6.

Load the chair with the specified number of loading discs (5.7) so that the discs rest against the chair
back. When testing rocking chairs, it may be necessary to restrain the loading discs with lightweight
strapping, e.g. tape, string or webbing.
Move the chair forwards as far as is practicable or until the back is vertical (see Figure 23a)). Allow the
chair to rock rearwards freely under gravity (see Figure 23b)).

31
 EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

a) Method for rocking chairs: initial position

b) Method for rocking chairs: test movement

Figure 23 — Rocking chair stability

8 Loungers
8.1 General

The stability tests defined in Clause 8 are not applicable to loungers which have both a seat height
< 200 mm and a mass < 5 kg. The height shall be determined by measuring from the floor to the upper
surface of the seating area at the geometrical centre of the lounger loaded with 600 N applied vertically
downward using the loading pad (5.5).
Position the lounger on the floor (5.3) with its components as specified in Table 3.
Table 3 — Positioning of lounger components
Clause Test Seat height Seat Back rest Back rest Tilt Castors and Arm rest Foot rest
in height in depth stiffness base
adjustment

8.3.1 Forwards overturning highest foremost lowest foremost maximum most likely to most likely most likely
position position position position tension cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning

8.3.2 Sideways overturning highest foremost highest foremost maximum most likely to — —
position position position position tension cause
overturning

7.3.6/ Rearwards overturning highest Rearmost lowest foremost maximum most likely to most likely most likely
7.4.3 position position position position tension cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning

32
BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

8.2 Requirements

When tested according to 8.3, the seating shall not overturn. Where loads are not specified in other
standards the requirements contained in Table B.2 shall be used.
8.3 Test procedures
8.3.1 Forwards overturning

Apply a downwards force FB.3 vertically, by means of the loading pad (5.5), acting at the point on the
median plane of the lounger, 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure. Apply a force
FB.4 horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward from the point where the base of
the loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 24).
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
FB.3 vertical force
FB.4 horizontal force
L length of lounger

Figure 24 — Forward overturning

8.3.2 Sideways overturning

Simultaneously apply vertical forces FB.1, by means of the loading pad (5.5), at the points that are on a
line 60 mm from one side of the lounger. The first point shall be 300 mm from the front edge of the
structure of the lounger, with additional forces applied in 600 mm increments, but at least 300 mm
from the rear edge of the lounger (see Figure 25a)).
For loungers with arm rests the distance of the vertical force FB.1 shall be at least 300 mm from the
front edge of the arm rest construction. If the arm rest is more than 400 mm in length apply additional
vertical force FB.4 in the centre of the arm rest.

33
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Lounger without arm rest

b) Lounger with arm rest

Key
FB.1 vertical force
FB.4 vertical force

Figure 25 — Example of application points for sideways overturning

9 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:
a) a reference to this European Standard;

b) details of the item of seating tested;

c) details of defects observed before testing;

d) any variation from the specified temperature range;

e) the test results;

f) the name and address of the test facility;

g) the date of test.

34
BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Seat loading pad data

The seat loading pad specified in 5.10 currently exists in two versions:
— machined seat loading pad, as shown in Figure A.1;

— moulded loading pad, as shown in Figure A.2.

35
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Dimensions in millimetres
All dimensions ± 5 mm

Key
1 centre section cross hatched
2 R105 (section A-A, see the top view)
3 R183 (section B-B, see the top view)
4 axis of the cone

Figure A.1 — Seat loading pad geometry – Machined construction

36
BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
All dimensions ± 5 mm

Key
1 centre section cross hatched

Figure A.2 — Seat loading pad geometry – Moulded construction

37
EN 1022:2018 (E) BS EN 1022:2018

Annex B
(normative)

Test parameters

B.1 All seating other than loungers

Where loads are not specified in other standards the requirements contained in Table B.1 shall be used.
Table B.1 — Test parameters, all seating other than loungers

Clause Test Parameter Load Loads

Swivelling seats All other seating
7.3.1 Forwards overturning F1 600 N 600 Na
F2 20 N 20 N

7.3.2 Forwards overturning for F1 1 100 N 600 Na

seating with foot rest F2 20 N 20 N

7.3.3 Corner stability test F1 300 N 300 N

7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all F1 600 N 600 Na
seating without arms F2 20 N 20 N

7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all F1 250 N 250 N

other seating F2 350 N 350 N
F3 20N 20N

7.3.6 Rearwards overturning, all F1 600 N 600 Na

seating with back rests

F2 (Hb ≥ 80 N 80 N
720 mm)
F2 (Hb < 0,2857 (1 000-Hb ) 0,2857 (1 000-Hb )
720 mm)
7.4.2 Tilting seating Number of discs 13 11
7.4.3 Reclining seating with leg Number of discs – - 8
rest back 3
Number of discs –
leg rest
7.4.4 Reclining seating without Number of discs – - 8
leg rest back 3
Number of
balancing discs
7.4.5 Rearwards stability for Number of discs - 8
rocking chairs
a The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment should be considered when applying the test load.
b Height of the loaded seat above the floor in millimetres.

38
BS EN 1022:2018 EN 1022:2018 (E)

B.2 Loungers
Where loads are not specified in other standards the requirements contained in Table B.2 shall be used.
Table B.2 — Test parameters, loungers
Clause Test Parameter Loads
8.3.1 Forwards overturning FB.3 600 N
FB.4 20N

8.3.2 Sideways overturning FB.1 600 N

FB.2 250 N

7.3.6 Rearwards stability – upright position F1 600 Na

F2 (Hb ≥ 720 mm) 80 N
0,2857 (1000-Hb)
F2 (Hb < 720 mm)

7.4.3 Rearwards stability – reclined position Number of discs – 8

back 3
Number of discs –
leg rest
a The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment should be considered when applying the test load
b Height of the seat, measured from the floor to point A, seat loaded, in mm.

39
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