Socially Responsible

Teachers
Rich with :
Philosophical
Heritage
 Introduction
 Teachersneed to be guided by a sound philosophy in
the practice of their
profession.
 Teachers plan lessons, interact with their students
and evaluate their performance according to their
own personal view of teaching and
learning.
 What is Philosophy?
 PHILOSOPHY - can be defined as a set of ideas that
answer question about the nature of reality and
about the meaning of
life.-
 Originated from ancient Greek word
“
Philo”means love and “Sophie” means
wisdom.
 Greek thinkers divided into three
branches:
 1.
Metaphysics
 addresses reality, divided into two
categories:
 Ontology -existence or
being.
 Cosmology-related with the nature and origin of the

universe

 2. Epistemology- concerned with the nature of

knowledge.
 3. Axiology-and its corollaries relate to values, divided into two
categories:
 1. Ethics -relate to issues in morality and
conduct
 2. Aesthetics -concerned with
beauty
 What is philosophy of Education?

 PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION
 is a set of related beliefs that influence what and how students are taught.

Formulating your own philosophy may not be easy since you are just beginning, but

here are some questions you may consider in framing your philosophical
statement.
 What is the purpose of
education?
 What content and skills should schools
develop?
 How should schools teach the content of the
curriculum?
 What are the roles of the students and teachers in the teaching learning
process?
 How should learning be assessed? In education, metaphysics refers to the
knowledge of most worth which is the curriculum. While epistemology is concerned
with the methods of teaching or how teaching and learning are to be delivered.
Then, axiology relates to behavior, civility, appreciation, and
expression.
 PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF
 EDUCATION
Three major philosophies are presented to help you formulate your own
philosophy
 :1.
 IDEALISM
-contends that reality lies in our consciousness or our intellect.-Idealists
believe that perfect knowledge of the ideal resided outside humans as
an Absolute or as
 God.
Idealists
 Teachers:
1.1 believe that the schools are repositories of eternal truth which have
organized the hierarchical curriculum in
education
 1.2 believe that on top of this hierarchy are the most important subjects that
cultivate abstract
thinking
 1.3 believe in the use of Socratic
method
 1.4 believe that thinking and learning are the processes of bringing latent ideas to
consciousness and logic is
encouraged
 1.5 believe that teachers should lead exemplary lives and be models for students
to
imitate
 1.6 believe that the internet can make the great book accessible to all, but they
insist that technology should be the means rather than the end in transmitting
knowledg
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of idealism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
2 .REALIS
M
-advocates that reality is outside of our
minds.-
Realists believe that the objects we perceive exist independently of the
mind
.Realists
Teachers:
2.1 believe that their teachers should be equipped with a wide repertoire
of methods in teaching to achieve their
goals
2.2 believe that their primary responsibility is to bring
students’
ideas about the world into
reality
2.3 believe that deductive and inductive logic, and the scientific method
are reliable means to discover
knowledge
2.4 believe that the inclusion of non-academic activities
interfere
with the school’s primary purpose as a center of
disciplined
academic
inquiry
2.5 believe in the use of technology as an aid in
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these
questions:
 1. What elements of realism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into
your own
philosophy?
 3.PRAGMATISM
 -evaluates the truth and meaning of ideas according to their physical
consequences and practical value.-the function of education was to enhance
human potential to be able to adapt to a constantly changing
 world.
Pragmatist
 Teachers:
3.1 believe that education is an experimental
process
 3.2 believe that children should learn how to make difficult decisions by
considering the consequences of their actions to
 others.
3.3 believe that education should focus in real-life
problems
 3.4 believe that students should learn the process of problem-
solving
 3.5 believe in collaborative learning where students share their interests and
problem
s
 3.6 believe that interdisciplinary education is better than
departmentalized curriculum in
education
 3.7 believe in taking risk in education to achieve their
goal
 3.8 believe in values-clarification rather than blindly accepting
inherited
values
 3.9 believe that communication technologies such as e-mail and internet
provide opportunities to share ideas, insights, and
experiences
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education,
consider these
questions:
 1. What elements of pragmatism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
 OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND
THEORIES
 RELATED TO
 EDUCATION
Educational theories are rooted from philosophies. The five educational
theories
 :1.
 PERENNIALISM-
Perennialists assert that the primary purpose of education is to bring
students in contact with the truth by cultivating their intellect and sense
of rationality.-Perennialists urge that students read the Great
 Books.
Perennialist
 Teachers:
1.1 believe that teachers are the intellectual models for their
students
 1.2 believe that fundamental skills such as reading, writing, computation
and research be developed starting the elementary
 grades
1.3 believe that subjects with human concern like history, literature,
drama, and art should be included in the secondary school
 curriculum
1.4 believe that their role is to sharpen the
 students’
1.5 believe that electronic version of great books and other classics
maybe viewed by larger audience but this could not be a substitute for
reading the
classics.
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of perennialism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
 2.
 -is a teacher-centered philosophy that adheres to the belief that the basic skills of
literacy and numeracy as well as subject-matter knowledge should be developed in
schools.-essentialists argue that schools and teachers must be committed to their
primary academic function.-essentialists favor a subject-matter curriculum.-also do
not favor innovative or
 Essentialists
 2.1 believe that teachers have authority to discipline
 2.2 believe that teachers should have
 2.3 believe in the use of deductive method of
 2.4 believe that students should learn the
 2.5 believe that only when the students
 2.6 mastered the required
 2.7 believe that test scores are the basis for evaluating students’
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of essentialism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
 3.PROGRESSIVISM
 -Belongs to a reform movement that opposed the traditional education. They were against
in:
 Authoritarian
teachers
 Book-based
instruction
 Rote
memorization
 Authoritarian classroom management-progressivists contend that knowledge may come from
varied
sources
 Progressivist
Teachers:
 3.1 believe that teachers should possess a repertoire of
 learning activities to be used in the teaching-learning
process
 3.2 believe that the child should be free to develop
naturally
 3.3 believe that interest motivated by direct experience stimulates
learning
 3.4 believe that the teacher is a facilitator of
learning
 3.5 believe that there should be close cooperation between the home and the
school
 3.6 believe that students’ needs, interest, and readiness
should
 be
considered
Reflect
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of progressivism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
 4. SOCIAL
 this is theory rooted on progressivism.-considered as the more socially
oriented progressivists.-social reconstructionists believe that people are
responsible for their social
 Social Reconstructionist
 4.1 believe that the school is the ideal place to begin alleviating social
problem
 4.2 believe in using project method and problem-solving method in
 4.3 believe that research is an effective means in solving problems of
 4.4 believe that the intellectual, emotional, and personal needs of the
students should be considered in the learning
 4.5 believe that teachers must model democratic
Reflect
t
:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of reconstructionalism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
 5.
 EXISTENTIALISM
-is a philosophy that emphasizes the subjectivity of human experience.-existentialist,
Jean-
Paul Sartre often quoted the phrase “Existence precedes
essence”
 Existentialist
 Teachers:
5.1 believe that the purpose of education is to awaken our consciousness about to our
freedo
 m
5.2 believe that students should be trained to philosophize, to question, and to participate in
dialogues about the meaning of
 life.
5.3 believe that self-expression, creativity, self-awareness, and self-responsibility should be
developed in the
 students
5.4 believe that open classrooms maximize freedom of
 choice
5.5 believe in self-directed
 instruction
5.6 believe that students should decide what they want to learn and when to learn
it
 Reflec
t
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of education, consider
these
questions:
 1. What elements of existentialism do you agree with?
 Why?
2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into your own
philosophy
?
“The roots of education is bitter, but the fruits
are sweet.”

Thank you for listening!