(A practical fulfillment of practical examination

of
compulsory English)

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Name: Sworup Raj Onta Rajendra Rana Magar
Class:11'A'
Roll:160
Group:Managment
Introduction:
Arniko was born in 1244. He was the most famous Nepalese Architect of our
past glorious history. In spite of tender age, he led 80 artisans to Lhasa and
erected a golden stupa. He also showed his qualities as a bronze caster, painter
and architect in China.

Araniko was a famous architect of Nepal. During the Malla period, the Chinese
emperor Kublai Khan sent a message to Nepal to send some artists for making
statues in China. In 1260 AD king Jaya Bhimdev Malla sent 80 Nepalese artists
to Lhasa under the leadership of Araniko.

They built several pagoda style monasteries in Lhasa. Arniko’s works were

highly appreciated by the Chinese. He made many temples and stupas in China.
His good work helped to maintain good relation between Nepal and China.

Impressed by his craftsmanship, Emperor Kublai Khan of China appointed him

the controller of the imperial architectural studies. He was posthumously
awarded the Chinese Title of Ming Hoi and decorated with the title of Duke of
Liang The white Pagoda in Peking, designed by Arniko, stands to this day as
monument of the Nepalese art and architecture.

Historical background:
The event that brought Arniko to Tibet, and eventually to the Yuan court in
Shangdu (today's Beijing), was Kublai Khan's decree of 1260 CE to Drogön
Chögyal Phagpa, the fifth patriarch of Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, to build a
golden stupa for Suer chi wa (Tibetan: "Chos rje pa" or "the Lord of Dharma"),
that is the Sakya Pandita Kun dga' rgyal mtshan (1182–1251), the fourth
patriarch of the sect.[4] Kublai's order was one of the indicators of his acceptance
of Sakya teaching.

The timing of the construction, 1260, is worth noticing. In April 1260, Kublai
was elected as the Great Khan by his own supporters, to rival the claim of his
younger brother Ariq Böke. Thus was launched a civil war between the brothers
for the leadership of the Empire. In the twelfth month of 1260, he appointed
Phagpa his Imperial preceptor and granted him a jade seal and the position of
leader of Buddhism. By doing so Kublai officially acknowledged Phagpa as his
highest religious authority and was obliged to patronize the Sakya teaching. In
return, he expected the Sakya sect to provide religious sanction. The building of
the stupa was not only a tribute to the Sakya Pandita but intended also as a
project to win religious blessing in a critical year.[4] Ariq Böke finally submitted
to Kublai at Shangdu on 21 August 1264