PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

Republic of the Philippines

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayambang Campus
College of Teacher Education
Bayambang, Pangasinan
A.Y. 2021-2022

Unit 1: Society and Education

C. SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVES
(Written Report)

Submitted by:
Albay, Kayla L.
Baladad, Elena
Versoza, Bernadette I.
BEE-EGE II-2

Submitted to:
Assoc. Prof. Gemma D. Escaño
Instructor

April 1, 2022

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

UNIT 1: SOCIETY AND EDUCATION

A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

OVERVIEW

Sociology is the systematic and scientific study of society and social interaction. In order
to carry out their studies, sociologists identify cultural patterns and social forces and determine
how they affect individuals and groups. They also develop ways to apply their findings to the real
world. Sociologists develop theories to explain social events, interactions, and patterns. A theory
is a proposed explanation of those social interactions. Theories have different scales. Macro-level
theories, such as structural functionalism and conflict theory, attempt to explain how societies
operate as a whole. Micro-level theories, such as symbolic interactionism, focus on interactions
between individuals. Studying sociology is beneficial both for the individual and for society. By
studying sociology people learn how to think critically about social issues and problems that
confront our society. The study of sociology enriches students’ lives and prepares them for careers
in an increasingly diverse world. Society benefits because people with sociological training are
better prepared to make informed decisions about social issues and take effective action to deal
with them.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

a) Define what is Sociological Perspectives, its concepts and Theories

b) Identify the progress of Education and Trends implemented in today’s generation

c) Understand the meaning, characteristics and major social institutions

CONTENTS

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

A. SOCIAL DIMENSION OF EDUCATION

Sociology
The word Sociology originates from latin prefix :socius, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the
study of", from Greek lógos, "knowledge" . Sociology is the systematic study of society.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

Man is by nature a social animal

Aristotle

The Sociological Perspective is one that observes society through a lens without personal
opinions. It generalizes the causes and actions of individuals into patterns and categories. However,
it not only observes these patterns of society but also tries to explain such patterns or behaviours.

SOCIETY

Group of people who shares teretory and culture,and has common rules and regulations.

"A society is a relatively independent,self perpetuating human group which occupies a territory,
shares a culture and has most of its association within the group"

Horton Hunt

"Society is a system of usagesand procedures, authority and mutual aid,of many groupings and
division,of human behavior and of liberties"

Maciver and Page.

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

Society has a complex whole composed of groups working together to achieve stability.
Structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to
which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves
a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a
whole.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

FUNCTION

Manifest function
- given, obvious
Latent function
- not obvious, covert

DYSFUNCTION
Behavior that disrupt the smooth flow of society

CONFLICT THEORY

Society is composed of groups that compete for limited resources. Focuses on the concept of
social inequality in the division of resources and therefore.the conflict that exist between classes,
which will eventually trigger social change.

CLASS CONFLICT THEORY

Inequality between two classes under capitalism.

Bourgeoisie - owner of means of production such as machines and factory.

Proletariat - the working class sell service to the burgeousie

Racial conflict Theory

Inequality due to the conflict of races and ethnic groups

Gender conflict Theory

Inequality between men and women

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

Society is composed of people interacting through the use of symbols.A framework on

sociological theory regarding social behavior that emphasizes linguistic or gestural communication
as well as its subjective understanding.
Focus more on actions and reactions of people in society and how and why people defined their
situation.

B. SCHOOLS AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Social Institution

Is a social structures and social mechanisms of social order and cooperation that govern the behavior
of its members. Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role
Any institution in a society that works to socialize the group of people in it?

Characteristics of an Institution

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

Palispis ( 2015)

 Institutions are purposive.

 Relatively permanent in content.
 Institutions are structured.
 Institutions are a unified structure.
 Institutions are necessarily value-laden.

Functions of an Institutions
Palispis (2015)

 Institutions simplify social behavior for the individual person.

 Provide ready-made forms of social relations and social roles for individual.
 Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture.
 Control behavior.

Major Social Institutions

The Family
Education
Religion
Economic Institutions
Government as a Social Institution

THE FAMILY

The smallest social institution with the unique function. It is the basic unit of Philippine society
and the educational system where the child begins to learn his ABC. The basic agent of socialization
because it is here where the individual develops values, behaviors, and ways of life through
interaction with members of the family.

Characteristics of a Filipino Family

 The family is closely knit and has strong family ties.

 The Filipino family is usually extended one and therefore, big.
 Kinship ties are extended to include the “compadre’ or sponsors.
Social Functions of the Family

The primary unit for socializing children.

Source of practical and emotional support.
Helps regulate sexual activity and sexual reproduction.
Provides social identity.
Providing Care and Protection

Kinds of Family

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

a. Nuclear Family
- the primary family consisting of husband, wife and children

b. Extended Family
- it is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family. Consisting of husband, wife, children,
aunts, uncles, grandparents and cousin.

EDUCTION
- a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are
transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research.

SOCIAL FUNCTION OF SCHOOL

Socialization
Social Integration
Social Placement
Social and Cultural Innovation

INTELLECTUAL PURPOSE
- to teach basic cognitive skills and to transmit specific knowledge.

POLITICAL PURPOSES

 to inculcate allegiance to the existing political order(patriotism).

 to prepare citizens who will participate in the political order.
 to assimilate diverse cultural groups into political order.
 to teach children the basic laws of society

SOCIAL PURPOSE

- to socialize children into the various roles, behavior, and values of society.

ECONOMIC PURPOSE

- to prepare students for their later occupational roles, and to select, train, and allocate
individuals into the division of labor.

RELIGION

- is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves to bind people together through shared worship,
thereby creating a social group.

THREE ASPECTS OF RELIGION

RITUALS
- Ceremonies or festivals to express the beliefs.
Example: Praying, chanting, eating some kind of food.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 6

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

BELIEFS
- Faith upon a religion by a community of believers, trust, faith, or confidence in something
called God or supernatural entity.
CODE OF CONDUCTS
- Methods of worshiping set of symbols, methods of living a way of life.

ROLE OF RELIGION IN SOCIETY

 giving meaning and purpose to life,

 reinforcing social unity and stability,
 serving as an agent of social control of behavior,
 promoting physical and psychological well-being,
 motivating people to work for positive social change.

ECONOMIC INCTITUTIONS

- - Economy is the social institution that ensures maintenance of society through the
production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.

MICOECONOMICS

- Concerned with the specific economic units of parts that makes an economic system and the
relationship between those parts.

MACROECONOMICS

- Concerned with the economy as a whole, or large segments of it.

GOVERNMENT AS ASOCIAL INSTITUTION

- Is the institution which solves conflicts that are public in nature and involve more than a few
people.

THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

1. The executive branch

- headed by the President who functions as both the head of state and the head of government

2. The legislative branch

- enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has the authority to
declare war.

3. Judiciary Branch

- is headed by the Supreme Court

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

EDUCATION 4.0: RESPONDING TO THE DEMANDS OF SOCIETY

What is Education 4.0?

Education 4.0 is a purposeful approach to learning that lines up with the fourth industrial
revolution and about transforming the future of education using advanced technology and
automation.
Creativity is the foundation of Education 4.0. It emphasizes the need to prepare
students to take on challenges, head-on.

Major trends of Education 4.0

1. A more personalized learning
Education 4.0 appreciates the individuality of every single student and their own pace of
learning. Having a personalized way of teaching will have a greater impact on students to
achieve their outcomes easily.
2. More remote learning opportunities
The cornerstone of Education 4.0 is making learning available anywhere, anytime with the
set of e-learning tools that promote remote and self-paced learning.
3. The plethora of education tools
Education 4.0 offers a clear route to students by making tools and techniques handy in their
learning environment.
4. Project-based learning
The project-driven approach that Education 4.0 supports helps students learn in a fun and
interesting way!
5. Easy and accurate assessment
A more practical way of assessment comes into place with Education 4.0.
6. Data at the fingertips
There are greater insights into the students learning journey with data analytics and reporting
in Education 4.0.

How industry 4.0 affect the education industry?

Why do education institutions need curriculum 4.0?

Education 4.0 is nothing but the curriculum of the future. It is about evolving with the times, and for
higher education institutions, this means understanding what is required of their future graduates.
 A majority of hiring managers believe that AI will impact the types of skills their companies
need.
How can education institutions prepare students for Education 4.0?

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

 Remodeling of Curriculum - with special stress on futuristic subjects. With digitization and
automation, a skill-based curriculum is an order of the day. Employers are running short of
skilled workforce and bank on universities and educational institutions to upskill the present
workforce.
 Building digital skills - Institutions should have modern workplace skills and focus on
training their faculty to build digital skills to develop fully able students for their workplace.
Soft skills should be made indispensable with a mix of problem-solving, social skills, and
process skills.
Top 10 Digital Skills Education 4.0 demands:
1. Complex Problem Solving.
2. Critical Thinking.
3. Creativity.
4. People Management.
5. Coordinating with Others.
6. Emotional Intelligence.
7. Judgment & Decision Making.
8. Service Orientation.
9. Negotiation
10. Cognitive Flexibility
 opt for digital tools for virtual learning (face to face) environments (VLEs) - This is
picking up across the world where students and faculty gain remote access for teaching
through LMS. Learning and teaching, accessing course content, online chat facilities,
discussions, collaborations, peer teaching, blended learning, all happen in flexible hours.
 Tweaking of course delivery - There should be a synchronization between the Faculty and
the curriculum taught. Faculty should be open to using technological applications to improve
students’ cognitive learning abilities.
 Technology built classrooms - to be initiated across universities, colleges, and higher
education institutions to deliver successful graduates for the cyber-physical systems prevalent
across all industries.

LEARNING POINTS

Some pointers to remember:

Bourgeoisie-owner of means of production such as machines and factory.
Conflict Theory-Society is composed of groups that compete for limited resources. We have
3 conflict theories first is class conflict theory-Inequality between two classes under
capitalism.
Education-Education is a broad concept, referring to all the experiences in which learners
can learn something.
Gender conflict Theory - Inequality between men and women
Proletariat-the working class sell service to the bourgeoisie.
Sociology-The word Sociology originates from Latin prefix :socius, "companion"; and the
suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek logos, "knowledge".
Society-Group of people who shares territory and culture, and has common rules and
regulations.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 9

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

Structural functionalism-Society has a complex whole composed of groups working

together to achieve stability.
Symbolic interactionism- Society is composed of people interacting through the use of
symbols.
We also have Dysfunction-Behavior that disrupt the smooth flow of society.
We have 2 type of function the manifest function-obvious, given and the latent function-not
obvious, covert.
Social Institution has 5 major, first family, second education, third religion, fourth economic
institution and lastly government.
There are also 6 major trends in Education 4.0, 1. A more personalized learning 2. More
remote learning opportunities 3. The plethora of education tools 4. Project-based learning 5.
Easy and accurate assessment 6. Data at the fingertips

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Exercise

Multiple Choice

1. It is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are
transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research.

A. Family B. Education C. Religion

2. A group of people living together, by the bonds of marriage, blood, adaptation etc.

A. Government B. Religion C. Family

3. Concerned with the economy as a whole, or large segments of it.

A. Microeconomics B. Macroeconomics C. Economics

4. People in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared

laws, traditions, and values

A. Society B. Institutions C. Function

5. It is the systematic study of society

A. Psychology B. Mythology C. Sociology

6. This branch is headed by the President who functions as both the head of state and the
head of government

A. The Executive Branch B. The Legislative Branch C. Judiciary Branch

7. It is the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

A. Sociological B. Function C. Industrialization

8. The use of digital technologies to change a business model and provide new revenue and
value-producing opportunities

A. Digitalization B. 3-D Printing C. Robotics

9. ____ is headed by the Supreme Court.

A. Judiciary Branch B. The Executive Branch C. The Legislative Branch

10. Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves to bind people together through shared
worship, thereby creating a social group .

A. Government B. Religion C. Economic Institution

ASSESSMENT

Constructed Response

1. Of the several functions of family that were discussed, which function do you think is the
most important? Why?
2. How social changes affect you?
3. In Gender conflict Theory, what are your insights about inequality between men and
women?

SUMMARY

In sociological perspective discussed the social dimension of education including the conflict
theories, structural functionalism and interactionist theories and in school and in social institutions
including family, education, religion, government and economic institutions. It also discussed the
Education 4.0 Responding to the demands of society,This are parts of The sociological perspective
that will invites us to look at our familiar surroundings in a fresh way. It encourages us to take a new
look at the world we have always taken for granted, to examine our social environment with the
same curiosity that we might bring to an exotic foreign culture. The study of sociology leads us into
areas of society that we might otherwise have ignored or misunderstood. Since our world view is
shaped by our personal experience and since people with different social experiences have different
definitions of social reality, sociology helps us to appreciate viewpoints other than our own and to
understand how these viewpoints came into being.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 11

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

REFERENCES

Authored by: OpenStax CNX (N/A), Introduction to Sociology, Retrieved from,

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/the-sociological-approach-to-
religion/#:~:text=While%20some%20people%20think%20of,basic%20social
%20needs%20and%20values

Ellway, P. (2005). “The Rational Choice Theory of Religion: Shopping for Faith or
Dropping your Faith?” Retrieved from,
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/religion/overview.php

I. Robertson, Sociology, NY: Worth Pub. (1981), The Sociological Perspective,

Retrieved from, https://www.geneseo.edu/sociology/about

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 12

 PROF ED 106 – THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT 1 – SOCIETY AND EDUCATION (A. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES) DATE SUBMITTED: APRIL 1, 2022

Violeta,V.(2002)The Social Dimensions of Philippine Education, Retrieved from,

http://www.merriam-webster.com

Violeta A.Vega Social Dimensions of Philippine Education, Dr. Adelaide Bago

Suvin, C. (2020, Sept. 30) Why should higher education institutions focus on
Education 4.0? Retrieved from: https://www.creatrixcampus.com/blog/Education-4.0?
fbclid=IwAR3VHnfEbxlao6UE7gttueBkMBW_Mv9rlIikcu8omefUtRvkvYI-
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%2C%20head%2Don

ZUNHAID TAPIA (N/A), What is family institution and its Characteristics, Retrieved from,
https://www.sociologygroup.com/family-institution-definition-characteristics/

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 13