E-ventilator (Emergency ventilator) for Emergency Situations

SYNOPSIS
1. Name of the College: Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering Navi Mumbai 2.
Name of the Course: B.E. (Electronics & Telecommunication) Div: B 3. Name of the
Students: 1) SAURABH SHARAD KHARADE (15)
2) KSHITIJA BALARAM PATIL (32)
3) MANISH RAJU PATIL (33)
4) KABIR DILIP LOKHANDE (17)
4. Name of the Guide: Prof R. B. Mohite.
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College
of Engineering Navi Mumbai 5. Title of Project: E-ventilator (Emergency ventilator) for
Emergency Situations.
6. Problem Definition: Covid-19 kills a lot of people, mainly because ventilators are few in number.
Most people in serious conditions without a ventilator die. On the basis of our survey, it is found
that there is a need of affordable Low-cost ventilators in India. India has only about 48,000 active
ventilators. Hence, we chose this project and its title as E-ventilators for emergency situations for
both the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use.

7. Introduction: A ventilator is a machine that provides mechanical ventilation by moving

breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to
breathe, or breathing
insufficiently.
And today in the time of pandemic we have all seen the importance of
ventilators and other equipment’s to keep tab on ourselves or on our loved ones vital. We all
need a ventilator simple enough to use at home so that we don't have to be depended on
hospitals and ventilator beds.

Advantages: It monitors the necessary vital of the patient and display on a mini screen using
blood oxygen sensor and pressure sensor. When the patient was in hospital; this machine helps
us to track the current condition of patient. It improves the general pulmonary function
Improves gas exchange and decreases the work of breathing. The main advantage of this
machine is cost, this e ventilator is inexpensive but having very effective and efficient
functions. It required Less need of human manipulation to the machine.
ECG can help to detect arrhythmias where the heart beats too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly.
coronary heart disease, where the heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of
fatty substances. heart attacks, where the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked. ECG is
designed to recognise and record any
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E-ventilator (Emergency ventilator) for Emergency Situations
electrical activity within the heart, check for irregular heartbeats, such as skipped beats.

Applications: 1) 1.in hospitals it can be use as a short-term measure, for e.g, during an operation,
critical illness or emergency situations. 2) in long term ventilatory assistance are required in chronic
illness, and may be used at home, or in a nursing and first aid centre. 3) Ecg: it Is used to diagnose
heart damage in condition like high blood pressure, rheumatic fever and birth birth defects An Ecg
also to determine the location and amount of injury caused by heart attack and later helps to
access the extent of recovery.

8. Relevance/Motivation: As India battles the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, several
state governments are grappling with a shortage of ventilators, primarily because of domestic
manufacturing and supply of ventilators. We came up with the idea of designing a machine that
could be used
for many emergency situations.
Literature Survey Table

Sr. No Publisher Paper Title Remarks

1. University of MAD Vent: A low this research paper is about how

California, San cost ventilator for the system of ventilator is work
Diego. patients with with their working principles along
COVID 19. with the microcontroller used.

2. Division of Reviewed article the main of the aim of this system

Pulmonary and on pulse was to designed and developed a
Critical Care oximetry. blood oxygen level sensor to
Medicine, Veterans monitored oxygen level of the
Administration body.in this papers they explain how
Hospital and Loyola the work and find the heartbeat and
University of Chicago oxygen level.
Stritch
School of
Medicine, Hines,
Illinois 60141,
USA.

3. 2016 International Sensing heart in this paper they explain how we

Conference on beat and body can sense digitally heart rate and
Signal Processing, temperature body temperature using
Communication, digitally using microcontroller.
Power and Arduino
Embedded System
(SCOPES).

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E-ventilator (Emergency ventilator) for Emergency Situations
 4. International Journal A low cost Ecg This paper describes the
of Computer Science monitoring development of accurate monitoring
and Information system with Ecg of a heart rate based on a
Security, data microcontroller. We can record the
16(4):200-204. filtering. ECG signals and Heart beats of all
patients in a single computer. We
filter the data with different digital
filters to remove noise form the ECG
data and store the data into a text
file. Those data can be plotted to
have ECG waveform to diagnosis
heart
problems.

10. Proposed Work:

A) Planning:
Commercial ventilators are so expensive and very complicated to use. main objective of this
project is to make a machine that helps
people in emergency situations. Here we use a microcontroller with some additional sensors to
detect anomalous situations or emergency situations.
Our work will make it possible to meet these functional requirements. The E-ventilator must (1)
control the Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) over the range of 20–40 cm H2O; (2) operate with a
Positive Expiratory End Pressure (PEEP) up to 12 cm H2O; (3) operate with a maximum volumetric
flow rate of at least 15 L/min; (4) operate with a breathing rate of 10–30 breaths per minute
(BPM);
and (5) operate for at least 24 hours continuously and much longer if possible. After the
ventilator, our next work is to monitor patients’ temperature and heartbeat rhythms using an
LM35 temperature sensor and AD8232 ECG sensor and displaying them on the screen.

B) Methodology Tools:
The E ventilator will be separated into three different parts for tasks, namely mechanical part,
electrical part, and programming part. 'The
programming part will be Arduino based programming, which will help to read input that will give
light to the sensor, and the ventilator alarm will beep. That will activate the motor and turn on the
LED. The electronic part, i.e., it consists of different sensors that will be placed in the ventilator.
such as a pressure sensor, blood oxygen sensor, or stepper motor that will help to Check your
oxygen level and give yourself a breath when required.
It will contain six sections, namely power supply, sensing unit,
Arduino, led display, stepper motor, and stepper motor driver. First, we take the transform of an
approx. 240-volt input and a 12 volt plus AC output. Then we use different sensors. The stepper
motor driver is connected to the stepper motor. The Air Breath bag is used for
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E-ventilator (Emergency ventilator) for Emergency Situations
external oxygen. This bag is connected to a stepper motor. I.e., if we suppose the oxygen level is
 high or low, we use an air breath bag for standard value oxygen level. When we put our finger on
the blood oxygen sensor, it senses the level and displays it on LED. The LED
shows three parameters, namely the heartbeat, blood oxygen level,
and temperature. This is how stepper motors rotate and we can supply oxygen.

C) REFERENCES:
1. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report—1. 2020.
2. Kerechanin CW, Cytcgusm PN, Vincent JA, Smith DG, Wenstrand DS
(2004) Development of Field Portable Ventilator Systems for Domestic and Military Emergency
Medical Response, John Hopkins Apl. Tech.
Digest Vol 25,.
3. Ferguson NM, Laydon D, Nedjati-Gilani G, Imai N, Ainslie K, Baguelin M, et al. Impact of
non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19mortality and healthcare demand.
Spiral Imp Coll London’s Repos. 2020.
4. Matthay MA, Aldrich JM, Gotts JE. Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress
syndrome from COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020.
5. Sanger DE, Kanno-Youngs Z, Kulish N. A Ventilator Stockpile, With
One Hitch: Do Not Work. The New York Times. 1 Apr 2020.

11. Approximate Expendit:ure:

Rs. 15,000/-

Place: Navi Mumbai

Date: 7th
October,2020