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Flora and fauna of Jammu and

Kashmir UT
-
March 22, 2021

—Flora and Fauna of

J&K UT
Jammu Division
—Natural Vegetation(Green Gold):
The
term natural vegetation is
used loosely to describe any
plant life that is not
organized or
influenced by mankind.
—Flora: latin word; godess of plants,
flowers and fertility.
—Natural Vegetation Depends upon :
(i) Climate,(ii) Physiographic,(iii) Edephic
conditions,(iv) Biotic setting, (v) Human
interaction
with nature.
—
—
—Forest types in Jammu
—Sub-Tropical
(Shivaliks)
—Temperate (Southern
Lesser
Himalayas)
¡Forest cover of Jammu
is 45%(12066
sq km)
 sq. km)
—Flora in Jammu
Division
—Dry Savanna and Thick
undergrowth of bushes and
scrubs.
—The dominant species: teak, sal,
Shisham, Pipal (ficus religiosa),
Banyan, kekar Ber,
Mango, Palm,
Bamboo
—Tun, silver-pine, Mohowa, Khair
(Acacia-catehu), tall
grasses(Khar).
—Deciduous Trees Shed
their leaves
between Jan- Mar.
—Flora in Jammu
Division
—Chir is the most valuable
tree used
for Timber and Resin and is
found in Ramban, Udhumpur,
Reasi and Jammu (city)
—Fauna in Jammu
region

Fauna is all of
the animal life present in
a particular region or time

Mammals:
—Black Bear                                          
 ==== (vulnerable)
—Himalayan
Thar                                   
      ====
(near threatned)
—Brown Bear, Serow, Musk
deer, Ibex
    Golden Eagle, Western
Teagopan,
 g p ,
    Cheer pheassent, Snow
Leopard                     ====
(Endangered)
—
Markhor                                             
   
====(Critically Endangered)
—Spotted deer, Barking
deer,
Cheetah, Langur, Wild Bull,
Bengal Monkey, Bear
marmot,
water shrew, musk shrew, musk
rat, Black bear, Goral,
Common,Leapord
—Main birds found in
Jammu
Region
—Vultures,Kikla, Chukor, Peacock,
cuckoos,
Pigeons, snow Patridge,
woodpecker, wool
owl, falcons,
sand goose, Black Partridge, Blue
Rock Pigeon, Green Pigeon, Grey
Partridge, Red Jungle Fowl, Rufus
Turtle Dove etc.
Reptiles: Snakes, frogs and Lizards
—NP & WS of Jammu
—Kishtwar National Park
—Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary
—Trikuta Wildlife Sanctuary
—Surinsar Mansar  Sanctuary
—Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary
—Jasrota Wildlife Sanctuary

Kishtwar National Park

—Founded to protect Snow Leopard
—Other Mammals include
Himalayan Thar, Ibex, Hangul,
Leapord, Markhor, Musk deer,
Himalayan Black bear, Langur,
Himalayan Brown
bear,
Himalayan snow cock

Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary

—Location: Jammu city
—Flora: Shesham, Amaltas, Kachnar,
Bamboo, Palas, Pipal.
—Fauna: Barking Deer, Bablers
Cheekedbulbul, Jackel, Leopard,
Nilgai, Peafowl,
Partridges,
Spotted Deer,

Jasrota Wildlife Sanctuary

—Location: Kathua, on the bank of
the Ujh river
—Flora: Bamboo
—Fauna: Spotted deer.

Surinsar Mansar  Sanctuary

—Location:
Udhumpur/Samba/Jammu
between Surinsar Mansar lakes
—Avifauna: Black
Partridge, Blue
k i i
 Rock Pigeon, Green Pigeon, Grey
Partridge, Red Jungle Fowl,
Rufus
Turtle Dove

Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary

—Location : Jammu
district
—Fauna: Goral, Grey Langur,
Monkey, Wild Boar,
Rhesus
Monkey
—Avifauna : Mynah,
Peafowl, Chakr
BlueRock Pigeon, Cheer
Pheasesants, Red jungle Fowl.
—Famous for Pheasants

Kashmir Division
—Temperate Forests
—Alpine Pastures
—Important Flora and
Fauna
—Flora and Fauna in
wildlife
Sanctuaries and National parks
—Temperate forests
—In the slopes of Pir Panjal, Greater
Himalayas,

Zanaskar and Karakoram.

—Dominant species=
Deodar(Cedrus Deodar),

Pine(pinus), Silver-fir,  spruce, fir, elm, adler,

cedar, ash, sorrel,
birch, paper-birch, and
 hazel.

—
—Kashmir
—Deodar is most
prized  timber both water

resistant and
termite free, used for

construction of boats.

—Popular, Willow,
Walnut, Kikar, and

Chinar (Boin, Platanus

orientalis), lace wood

—
Alpine
pastures(3600-4000m)
—Grassy expanses
called margs (Gulmarag,

Yousmarag, Sonmarag), are alpine

meadows,
where birch and junipers are common.

—The low temperatures

at high altitudes of the

Himalayan belt of the state support some

dwarf
varieties of birch and junipers making a
shrubby appearance. The stunted
conifer trees
merge into extensive alpine pastures.

Flora
—Favourable climatic conditions
= >
large diversity of flowers are also
found in Kashmir
¡IGM Tulip Garden(Asia’s largest
tulip garden, 74 acres) (2007)prev.
known as Model Floriculture
C
 Centre
¡Zabarwan range
¡1.5 million plants of 48 species
—
Saffron(Crocus Sativus)
—Arabic: za’faran and Persian: Zarparan

—Best quality because

of high alt. 1600 – 1800m

—Pampore (Saffron
town) and Saffron Capital of India.

—Pompore (GIAHS) by FAO.

—Kashmiri Saffron is
of three types: 1. Lachha, 2.
Mongra and 3. Guchhi.

—Kashmir is 2nd
largest producer after Iran.

—GI tag given on 25th

July 2020

—
—
Medicinal Plants
—Rosemerry
—Name – Rosmarinus officinalis

Family – Lamiaceae

Type – shrub, spice

herb
—Height –
3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 m)

Exposure – full
sun

Soil – ordinary but

not too heavy
—Foliage –
evergreen

Harvest – January to
December

—
Belladona
—The species epithet
comes from the Italian word

“belladonna” for beautiful woman

C ti
—Cosmetics

—Prolonged use can

cause night blindness

Lavender
—Fauna in Kashmir
—Rich fauna because of
climatic conditions is

found in Kashmir division.

—Markhors, Gurais, Serows, Black Bear,

Brown 

Bear, Bharals, Argalis, Musk Deer, Stag,

Leopards, Antelopes.

—Birds
—Sparrow, Monal, Dove, Eagle, etc

—Wetlands: White
fronted goose, Grey leg goose, Mute

Swan, Tufled duck are seen in wetlands mainly in

Hokersar (Ramsar site)

—IUCN Status
—Hangul, Markhor ====    Critically Engangered

—Musk deer,  Ibex, Serow, Brown Bear, Common

Leapord, Snow Leapord, Himalayan

Thar======Endangered

—Black
Bear===========Vulnerable

—Hangul
—Kashmiri stag (Cervus elaphus hanglu)
—In 1970s J&K
govt. with the support of IUCN and

world wildlife fund(WWF) prepared a project

fpr the protection and

conservation of Hangul

which came to be known as Project Hangul.

—Critically endangered
under IUCN

—Listed under Schedule

I of WPA 1972

—Dachigam

Markhor Recovery
Project(Capra
Falconeri

)
—Critically endangered
under IUCN

—Listed under Schedule

I of WPA 1972

—This plan was

formulated by Wildlife department in

2009 then endorsed by J&K govt., Union

Ministry of

Environment, Forests and climate Change.

—Hirpora WlS and Kazinag National park

Dachigam
—Location:  22km from srinagar

—Dachigam means ten villages,

10 villages before WWI

Marsar lake is located from which Dragwan river flows

—Marsar lake is located from
which Dragwan river flows,

which
is famous for trout fishes

—Protected area since

1910 NP in 1981.

—Home of
Hangul(Kashmiri Stag)

—
—Flora
—Most of this coniferous forest consists of
broad leaf

species. Interspersed between these are alpine

pastures, meadows,
waterfalls and scrub vegetation

with deep gullies, locally known as Nars.

—Grassland Meadows are

covered with flowers.

—
—Dachigam
—Musk deer (roose kat)
—Leopard
—Himalayan serow
—Kashmir grey langur
—Kashmir stag (hangul)
—Leopard cat (nt)
—Himalayan black
bear (vu)
•Himalayan brown bear
•Jackal
•Hill fox
•Himalayan weasel
•Yellow-throated
marten
•Jungle cat
•Long-tailed marmot
•Otter
—

Kazinag National Park

—Location: On the Bank
of Jhelum in Baramullah close to

LOC    {area 160 sq. km}

—(Limber + Lachipora +Nagnari conservation

reserve)

clubbed in 2007

—Vegetation in Kazinag is dominated by

coniferous forests

with deodar (Cedrus deodara) at lower altitudes, fir

(Abies pindrow), spruce (Picea smithiana) at middle to

upper
elevations and kail (Pinus wallichiana) is

widely
distributed from lower to upper elevations.

—
Kazinag National Park
—Home of Markhor (Capra Falconeri).

—Also includes
 Himalayan musk deer, Himalayan brown

bear, Himalayan black
bear, Indian leopard, Himalayan

marmot, yellow-throated marten,
and Kashmir flying

squirrel

—The park is home to

20 species of mammals, 120 species of

birds and17 species of butterflies.

Salim Ali National Park
—Location:
Srinagar   Area : 9.07 sq. km
—City Forest National
Park.

—The park is famous

for its avian fauna.  In this Park,

visitors can sight a variety of birds.

Flagship
animals
of the National Park: Himalayan monal
—The sanctuary was
first declared as a game reserve in

1981 and later upgraded to

a sanctuary in 1987

Salim Ali National Park

—Flora

—The vegetation of the National Park is coniferous

alpine
type. Major plant species are Cedrus
deodara, Quercus spp., Pinus spp. and
Brachypodium spp. etc.
—Fauna

—Mammal: Hangul, Himalyan Serow, Musk deer,

Himalayan black bear, Leopard etc.
—Avifauna: 70 species of birds including
Himalayan monal, Himalayan snowcock,
Ringdove, Swamp
francolin etc.
Overa Aru Wildlife Sanctuary
—Location: Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir   {Area:

511 sq km}

—It is on the
periphery of the two villages of Overa

and Aru.

— It was declared

a game reserve in 1945 under

the Dogra Rule and later upgraded to

 t e og a u e a d ate upg aded to

a sanctuary in 1981

—Flora 
—The deciduous forest < 2600 meters of
altitude
which grows Aesculus indica, Juglans
regia, Fraxinus spp, Padus cornuta, Rus
succedanea, and Pyrus lanata.
—The coniferous forest lies between 2,600
and
3,000 metres.
—It grows
mostly blue pine on dry soil and silver
fir (Abies pindrow) on moist soil.
—Birch forest ranges from 3000 to
3500 meters, the
most common species are white birch (Betula
utilis). Juniperus spp grow from 3500
to 3800
meters in the alpine scrub
—Fauna
—117 bird species of
which 89 species – including eight

species of sympatric warblers – breed within

the

sanctuary.

—The globally
threatened bird species found in the

sanctuary are

¡Endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron

percnopterus),

¡vulnerable Kashmir flycatcher (Ficedula subrubra),

and

h dE ll (C i l )
 ¡near-threatened European roller (Coracias garrulus)

and Tytler's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus tytleri).

—Among the 18 species

of butterflies recorded in the

sanctuary, 4 are listed in the IUCN Red

List

Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary

—Location: Shopian District Near Hirpora village   Area

341 sq km

—Vegetation: western
mixed coniferous forests, deciduous

sub-alpine scrub forests and sub-alpine

pastures.

¡Western Mixed=Kail
pine with spruce and fir (Abies

pindrow) as its primary associate

—Fauna
— Himalayan brown
bear, Himalayan black bear, mus k
deer, leopard, Tibetan wolf, Himalayan
palm

civet and Pir Panjal Markhor (50)

—Avifauna
— 130 species of birds
including the spotted
forktail, western tragopan, rock
bunting, rufous-

breasted accentor, Himalayan
woodpecker, blue rock

thrush, white-capped redstart, Himalayan

griffon, common stonechat, red-billed blue

magpie and grey wagtail are found in

the sanctuary
—NP and WlS
—Dachigam National park

—Kazinag National Park

—Salim Ali National Park

—Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary

—Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary

—Gulmarag Wildlife Sanctuary

—Thajiwas (Baltal) Wildlife Sanctuary

===== Ganderbal

—Rajparian (Daksun ) Wildlife Sanctuary

====  Anantnag

flora and fauna of j&k ut

flora and fauna of jammu and kashmir

Location:
Jammu and Kashmir

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