Chan Nyein Hlaing

ENERGY Topic 2

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 What is energy?

❖ Energy is capacity to do work!!!!

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You need Energy !!!!!!

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 Unit of energy
1

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 Question : online research

❖ How much energy do we need each day ?

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All activities have an energy cost

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 Question..

❖ How much minute would you need to cycle to use up the energy in 100 g of
chocolate ?

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Energy from the sun

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 Energy in fuels
❖ Biofuel >> is a fuel that we get from living things such as plants and
animals.
• E.g wood , alcohol & biogas (from a waste from animals and plants)
❖ Fossil Fuel >> an energy formed from somewhere buried over million years
ago.
• E.g, Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from trees under mud
millions of years ago.
• Oil and gas are fossil fuels that are formed from sea creatures.

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Energy from Wind and Water

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Electricity from wind turbine

Note: Power output depends on different models

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 Electricity from water reservoirs

http://earthsci.org/mineral/energy/hydro/hydro.html
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Electricity from direct Sun

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 Question

❖ Name any two electronic gadget that are solar-powered ?

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Exercises

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Types of Energy

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 Energy types
❖ Potential Energy

It is a type of energy that an object has because of its position or shape.

Different types of potential energy are

(i) gravitational potential energy

(ii) chemical energy (or) chemical potential energy

(iii) elastic energy (or) elastic potential energy

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 Gravitational Potential Energy
❖ Example

❖ A mother lifts her baby up from the oor. The baby has gained gravitational potential
energy or GPE in short.

❖ GPE depends on mass too. A small boy going up in a lift would gain less GPE than
his mother in the same lift. If his mother had twice the mass of the boy, she would
gain twice as much GPE.

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 Kinetic Energy
❖ All moving object have moving energy which is also called kinetic energy.
❖ The more massive body, the greater the kinetic energy

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 Other types of Energy

❖ Thermal energy
❖ Electrical energy
❖ Light energy
❖ Sound energy
❖ Nuclear energy

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 Energy Transfer

❖ Energy transfer Diagram

❖ Dash is listening to battery-powered radio. The radio changes the
chemical energy stored in the battery to sound, which travels to
ear.

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 Guess the energy transform
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1

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Other types of Energy Change
Explanation Energy Transform Diagram

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 Law of conservation of energy *
❖ “Energy cannot be created or destroyed”. This is called law of conservation
of energy.

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 Useful energy and wasted energy

When the light bulb lights up, all of the electricity is changed into light energy and thermal energy.
The useful energy is light energy.
The wasted energy is thermal energy.

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 Energy conservation & Efficiency
Ef ciency *

The ef ciency of a machine or device tells you how much of the energy that you input is transferred as useful energy.

Some light bulbs can change most of the electrical energy in to light energy. This is an energy-ef ciency light bulb.

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Exercises

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 Efficiency Calculations & Sankey Diagrams
❖ Calculating ef ciency

Output [useful]* energy

❖ Ef ciency = X 100%
Input energy

[or]

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 Efficiency
❖ Example [1]

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Efficiency :Ex[1] answer

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 Sankey Diagram
❖ Sankey diagram shows the energy transfer taking place in a process. The thickness of the arrow
shows the amount of energy transferred. The useful energy is shown by the arrow that points to
the right. The wasted energy is shown by arrows that point up or down.

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Sankey Diagram

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Drawing a Sankey diagram

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Exercises

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