ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING 6. An engineer’s level uses a level tube with a radius of curvature of 4 m.
& TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING – PART IV If during observation, the bubble is off centered through 4 spaces,
determine the error on the observed vertical distance on the rod at a
station 120 m away if one space on the tube is 0.50 mm long.
1. A man walking along a line 50 m in length recorded 70, 71.5, 69.5 and
A. 0.04 m B. 0.06 m
72 paces. Determine his pace factor.
C. 0.07 m D. 0.09 m
A. 1.415 B. 1.017
C. 0.881 D. 0.707
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: By ratio and proportion:
 
 4 spaces  0.50 space  1000 mm 
mm 1m
50
P.F.      rod reading
70  71.5  69.5  72 
4 R4m 120 m
P.F.  0.7067 m/pace   rod reading  error in rod reading  0.06 m

ANSWER: D. 0.707 ANSWER: B. 0.06 m

2. The length intercepted on a stadia rod is 1.80. The stadia constant is 7. A line of levels, 6 km long, is run from A to B with average backsight
0.30 and the stadia interval factor is 100. If the line of sight is inclined and foresight distances of 150 m. The average backsight reading is
at an angle of 430’ with the horizontal, determine the horizontal 3.8 m and each time it is taken, the rod is inclined sidewards from the
distance from the instrument to the stadia rod. (CE MAY 2002) vertical by 5. Determine the correct elevation of B if its recorded
A. 179.745 m B. 180.447 m elevation is 425.16 m. (CE MAY 2016)
C. 180.300 m D. 179.191 m A. 424.87 m B. 425.94 m
C. 424.33 m D. 426.11 m
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
f
D  k     s  cos  Number of setups:
i 6000
D  0.30  100 1.80  cos  430'  n
150  150
D  179.7451 m n  20

H  Dcos   179.7451 cos  430'  Correct backsight reading:

H  179.1910 m h  3.8  cos  5 
h  3.7855 m
ANSWER: D. 179.191 m
Error per backsight:
3. Line MD is measured using a 50-m steel tape. The tape is known to e  3.8  3.7855
be 0.015 m too long. If the measured distance of line MD is 669.14 m, e  0.01446 m
determine its correct distance. (CE NOV 2015)
A. 668.94 m B. 669.43 m Total error in backsight:
C. 668.49 m D. 669.34 m etotal  20  0.01446 
etotal  0.2892 m  too long
SOLUTION:

 MD  Correct elevation of B:
CD  MD  etape   elevation Bcorrect  425.16  0.2892
 L tape 
  elevation Bcorrect  424.8708 m
 669.14 
CD  669.14  0.015   ANSWER: A. 424.87 m
 50 
CD  669.3407 m 8. Lines of levels between A and B are run from over three different
ANSWER: D. 669.34 m routes. A is at elevation 672.16 m and is lower than B.
DIFFERENCE IN
4. A steel tape is 100 m long at standard pull of 65 N. Compute the pull ROUTE DISTANCE (km)
ELEVATION (m)
correction if during measurement the applied pull is 40 N. The tape
2 1 6.80 53.19
has a cross sectional area of 3.18 mm and E = 200 GPa. (CE NOV
1996) 2 5.30 52.94
A. −3.93 mm B. 3.9 mm 3 8.20 52.73
C. −6.67 mm D. 6.67 mm Determine the most probable elevation of B. (CE MAY 2006, CE MAY
2016)
SOLUTION: A. 725.12 m B. 725.87 m

eP  

PL  40  65  100  10
3
 C. 726.33 m D. 724.19 m

AE 
 3.18  200  103  SOLUTION:

eP  3.9308 mm ROUTE DIST ELEV Weight Correction

1 6.80
ANSWER: A. −3.93 mm 1 6.80 53.19 1/6.80
0.4577
53.19  17.0903
1 5.30
5. The top of a tower signal of height 12 m at B, which is 2000 m from A,
was sighted through a transit with recorded vertical angle of 3°30’. If
2 5.30 52.94 1/5.30
0.4577
52.94  21.8241
the elevation of A is 133.3 m and the height of instrument is 1.10 m,
1 8.20
determine the elevation of the base of the tower at B. Consider the 3 8.20 52.73 1/8.20
0.4577
52.73  14.0499
effects of earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction. (CE NOV
2016)  0.4577 52.9644
A. 268.33 m B. 256.67 m
Most probable elevation of B:
C. 244.99 m D. 193.24 m
elev BMPV   672.16  52.9644
SOLUTION: elev BMPV   725.1244 m

133.3  1.10  0.067  2  2000  tan  330'   12  elev B

2
ANSWER: A. 725.12 m
elev B  244.9932 m
ANSWER: C. 244.99 m

CIVIL ENGINEERING – FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019 MDSD ☺

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

9. Four measurements of a distance of a line were recorded as 351.89 Check:

m, 352.45 m, 352.04 m, and 353.12 m. Their corresponding number  Lat   0
of measurements are 1, 2, 5, and 6, respectively. Determine the
probable value of the weighted mean. (CE MAY 2015) 36.12  74.57  12.82  19.86  LatEA  0
A. 352.375 B. 352.767 LatEA  71.13
C. 352.551 D. 352.199
 Dep   0
SOLUTION: 25.77  115.93  0.39  61.74  DepEA  0

MPV mean 
351.891   352.45 2   352.04 5   353.12 6 DepEA  79.57
1 2  5  6
MPV mean  352.5507 m DistEA  LatEA 2  DepEA 2   71.132   79.57 2
DistEA  106.7280  106.72  OK!
ANSWER: C. 352.551 m
ANSWER: D. N72°10’E
10. A line was measured three times and recorded as follows: 856.42 m,
856.69 m, and 856.12 m. Determine the probable error of the mean. 13. The hourly volume of traffic is 2000 vehicles per hour while the
(CE NOV 2015) highest 5 minute volume is 300. Determine the peak hour factor.
A. 0.1259 m B. 0.1923 m A. 0.28 B. 0.56
C. 0.1110 m D. 0.1570 m C. 0.63 D. 0.87

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
856.42  856.69  856.12 Volume 2000 vehicles/hr
x PHF  
3 Peak Volume 300 vehicles
x  856.41  1 hr 
5 min  
 60 min 
  x  x    x  856.42   x  856.69    x  856.12
2 2 2 2
5
PHF   0.5556
  x  x   0.1626
2
9
ANSWER: B. 0.56
  x  x
2
MPE  mean   0.6745
n  n  1
14. Determine the approximate center to center spacing of vehicles in a
certain lane of a road if the average speed of vehicles is 40 kph and
0.1626 the traffic volume is 1600 vehicles per hour.
MPE  mean   0.6745
3  3  1 A. 10 m B. 25 m
C. 35 m D. 50 m
MPE  mean   0.1110 m
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: C. 0.1110 m
Speed
Volume 
11. The horizontal axis of a transit was inclined at 8’ with the horizontal Spacing
due to non-adjustment. The first sight had a vertical angle of +40°, the
second sight had −20°. Determine the error in the measured km  1000 m 
40  
horizontal angle. (HINT: use E  e  tan 1  e  tan 2  ) (CE MAY 1600
veh

hr  1 km 
2015) hr S
A. 10’0.74” B. 9’37.47” S  25 m
C. 8’0.37” D. 7’46.72” ANSWER: A. 25 m

SOLUTION: 15. The driver of a car travelling at a certain speed suddenly perceives an
obstruction ahead. During the perception time of 1.3 second the car
E  e  tan 1  e  tan 2  travelled a distance of 28.3 m before applying the brakes. Determine
E  8 tan  40   8 tan  20  the car’s speed? (CE MAY 2015)
A. 21.77 kph B. 44.85 kph
E  9'37.47"
C. 78.37 kph D. 161.45 kph
ANSWER: B. 9’37.47”
SOLUTION:
12. Determine the bearing of line DE of the given closed traverse.
S 28.3 m  1 km  3600 s 
Line Distance (m) Bearing V    
t 1.3 s  1000 m  1 hr 
AB 44.37 S35°30’W
V  78.3692 kph
BC 137.84 N57°15’W
CD 12.83 N1°45’E ANSWER: c. 78.37
DE 64.86
EA 106.72 16. The average speed of vehicles passing through a certain portion of a
highway is 80 kph. If the average length of vehicles is 4.2 m and the
A. N68°31’E B. N61°38’E driver’s PIEV (perception, identification, emotion, volition) time is 0.75
C. N79°60’E D. N72°10’E second. Determine the rate of flow in vehicles per hour.
A. 2874 B. 3150
SOLUTION: C. 3580 D. 3833
Solve for the Latitudes and Departures of known lines:
SOLUTION:
Line Dist Bearing Latitude Departure
S35°30’W −36.12 −25.77 km  1000 m  1 hr 
AB 44.37 V  80     22.2222 m/s
BC 137.84 N57°15’W +74.57 −115.93 hr  1 km  3600 s 
CD 12.83 N1°45’E +12.82 +0.39
S  Lveh  V  tPIEV   4.2  22.2222  0.75 
DE 64.86
EA 106.72 S  20.8667 m veh

Try choice D. N72°10’E for bearing of line DE: km  1000 m 

80  
Line Dist Bearing Latitude Departure V hr  1 km 
Q 
AB 44.37 S35°30’W −36.12 −25.77 S m
20.8667
BC 137.84 N57°15’W +74.57 −115.93 veh
CD 12.83 N1°45’E +12.82 +0.39 Q  3833.8658  3833 veh hr
DE 64.86 N72°10’E +19.86 +61.74
ANSWER: D. 3833
EA 106.72

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

17. A car moving at a speed of 80 kph up a 4% incline was stopped by

applying brakes. If the coefficient of friction between the tires and the e
V2

 22.2222 2

pavement is 0.30, determine the distance traveled by the car before it gR  9.81 286.4789 
stopped. (CE MAY 2001) e  0.1757
A. 67.18 m B. 74.03 m
C. 81.44 m D. 88.37 m ANSWER: C. 0.176

22. Determine the pavement thickness, by expansion pressure method, if

SOLUTION: 2
the expansion pressure is 0.15 kg/cm and the average pavement
3
km  1000 m  1 hr  density is 0.0025 kg/cm .
V  80     22.2222 m/s A. 300 mm B. 400 mm
hr  1 km  3600 s 
C. 500 mm D. 600 mm

V2  22.2222 2
SOLUTION:
2g 2  9.81
S  Expansion Pressure 0.15
  G 0.30  0.04 t 
Pavement Density 0.0025
S  74.0282 m
t  60 cm  600 mm
ANSWER: B. 74.03 m
ANSWER: D. 600 mm
18. Determine the stopping sight distance on a road at an ascending
23. Determine the thickness of a flexible pavement for a wheel load of 55
grade of 2% for a design speed of 90 kph with a total
kN if the allowable bearing pressure on the base of the pavement is
perception/reaction time of 2.5 seconds and a frictional resistance of
0.15 MPa and the equivalent radius of the contact area of the tires is
0.42.
165 mm. (CE MAY 2015)
A. 142.14 m B. 100.97m
A. 160.52 mm B. 137.44 mm
C. 134.90 m D. 109.34 m
C. 176.63 mm D. 190.50 mm
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
V  90kph  1000  3600  25 m/s Thickness of flexible pavement:
V2 252 W 55,000
t -r   165
2g 2  9.81 f   0.15 
S  V  tR    25  2.5  
G 0.42  0.02 t  176.6338 mm
S  134.8983 m
ANSWER: C. 176.63 mm
ANSWER: C. 134.90 m
24. These are waves under the influence of the winds that generated
19. Determine the minimum length of a vertical sag curve between a them. (CE MAY 2018)
−1.7% grade and a +1.5% grade for a road with 110 kph design A. Seismic Waves B. Rogue Waves
speed. The vertical curve must provide a 220 m stopping sight C. Sea Waves D. Significant Waves
distance. (CE MAY 2018)
120  3.5S ANSWER: C. Sea Waves
Hint: L  2S 
g1  g2
25. The datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts
A. 301.667 m B. 284.138 m
which is being used by the Philippine Ports Authority.
C. 161.875 m D. 218.125 m RWL (Residual Water
A. LWL (Low Water Level) B.
Level)
SOLUTION: MLLW (Mean Lower Low
C. D. HWL (High Water Level)
Water)
120  3.5S 120  3.5  220 
L  2S   2  220  
g1  g2 1.7%  1.5% ANSWER: C. MLLW (Mean Lower Low Water)
L  161.875 m
26. A bond with a par value of ₱1,000 and with a bond rate of 10%
ANSWER: C.161.875 m payable annually is sold now for ₱1,080. If the yield is to be 12%, how
much should the redemption price be at the end of 8 years?
20. At what angle should a racetrack curve of 450 m radius be banked in A. ₱942.77 B. ₱1,003.53
order that a racecar traveling at 200 kph will have no tendency to slip C. ₱1,235.70 D. ₱1,444.07
sideways when rounding the curve?
A. 36.10° B. 34.96° SOLUTION:
C. 30.90° D. 25.23°
dividend, d  par valuebondrate 
SOLUTION: d  1000 0.10  100 per year
Angle of banking:
 1  in  1
V 2  200  3.6  P 1  i  RP  d 
2 n

tan     e    i 
gR  9.81 450   
  34.9595  1  0.12 8  1
1080 1  0.128  RP  100  
ANSWER: B. 34.96  0.12 
 
21. A 4° simple curve is to have a design speed of 80 kph and skid
RP  1444.0709
resistance of 0.15. Determine the desired super elevation. (Hint: ANSWER: A. ₱1,444.07
neglect friction between the tire and the pavement)
A. 0.148 B. 0.154 27. An investment of ₱150,000 is expected to yield a regular annual net
C. 0.176 D. 0.189 income of ₱35,000 per year for ten years. Determine the cost-benefit
ratio if money is worth 12% per annum.
SOLUTION: A. 1.3333 B. 1.3184
C. 1.6571 D. 1.9842
  
20  D  R
 180  SOLUTION:
    1  1  0.12 10 
20  4  R
 180   35,000  0   
 0.12 
R  286.4789 m BCR 
present benefit
  
present cost 150,000
km  1000 m  1 hr  BCR  1.3184
V  80     22.2222 m/s
hr  1 km  3600 s 
ANSWER: B. 1.3184

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

28. A man purchased a house for ₱425,000. In the first month that he 32. The first cost of a machine is ₱1.8 million with a salvage value of
owned the house, he spent ₱75,000 on repairs and remodeling. ₱300,000 at the end of its economic life of 5 years. Determine the
Immediately after the house was remodeled, he was offered total depreciation after 3 years using the Constant Rate of
₱545,000 to sell the house. After some consideration, he decided to Depreciation method. (CE MAY 2015)
keep the house and have it rented for ₱4500 per month starting two A. ₱614,301.75 B. ₱388,000.80
months after the purchase. He collected rent for 15 months and the C. ₱1,185,698.25 D. ₱1,411,999.20
sold the house for ₱600,000. If the interest rate was 1.5% per month,
how much extra money did he make or lose by not selling the house SOLUTION:
immediately after it was remodeled?
SV  FC 1  k 
n
A. ₱3,000 B. ₱4,000
C. ₱5,000 D. ₱6,000
300,000  1,800,000 1  k 
5

SOLUTION: k  0.3012
15
1  1  0.015  BVr  FC 1  k 
r
600,000
Pr ofit / Loss  545,000  4,500  
0.015 1  0.01515 BV3  1,800,000 1  0.3012 
3

Pr ofit / Loss  5044.5485 BV3  614,301.7533

ANSWER: C. ₱5,000
D3  FC  BV3
29. An item is purchased for ₱100,000. The annual cost for maintenance D3  1,800,000  614,301.7533
is ₱18,000. Using interest rate of 8%, what is the capitalized cost of D3  1,185,698.247
perpetual service?
A. ₱325,000 B. ₱253,000 ANSWER: C. ₱1,185,698.25
C. ₱532,000 D. ₱123,000
33. The first cost of a machine is ₱1,800,000 with a salvage value of
SOLUTION: ₱300,000 at the end of its economic life of 5 years. Determine the
accumulated depreciation after 3 years using the Straight Line
18,000 method of depreciation. (CE NOV 2016)
CC  100,000 
0.08 A. ₱1,200,000 B. ₱900,000
CC  325,000 C. ₱600,000 D. ₱300,000

ANSWER: A. ₱325,000 SOLUTION:

30. The first cost of a machine is ₱1,800,000 with a salvage value of Dn  FC  SV

₱300,000 at the end of its economic life of 5 years. Determine the D5  1,800,000  300,000
total depreciation after 3 years using Sum of Years Digit method of
D5  1,500,000
depreciation. (CE MAY 2018)
A. ₱1,400,000 B. ₱1,200,000 D3 D5 1,500,000
C. ₱500,000 D. ₱900,000  
3 5 5
D3  900,000
SOLUTION 1:
ANSWER: B. ₱900,000
Dr   kr Dn 
 543  34. How long must a temporary warehouse last to be a desirable
D3    1,800,000  300,000  investment if it costs $16,000 to build, has annual maintenance and
1 2  3  4  5 
operating costs of $360, provides storage space valued at $3600 per
D3  1,200,000 year, and if the company MARR is 10%? (CE NOV 2017)
A. 4 years B. 6 years
SOLUTION 2: C. 8 years D. 10 years
Mode 3 3
SOLUTION:
X Y
 1  1  0.10 n 
1 0 1,800,000
16,000   3,600  360  
  
2 5 300,000  0.10 
 
3 6 300,000
n  7.1438  8 years
AC
Shift 1 5 6: ŷ ANSWER: C. 8 years

1,800,000 – 3 ŷ 35. How long (years) will it take money to quadruple if it earns 7%
compounded semi-annually? (CE NOV 2016)
A. 20.15 B. 17.38
1,200,000
C. 34.19 D. 45.30
ANSWER: B. ₱1,200,000
SOLUTION:
31. The first cost of a machine is ₱600,000 with a salvage value of
2t
₱60,000 at the end of its economic life of 5 years. Determine the  0.07 
F  4P  P  1 
2 
rd
depreciation during the 3 year using the Modified Accelerated Cost 
Recovery System of Depreciation. (CE MAY 2018)
t  20.1488 years
A. ₱120,000 B. ₱192,000
C. ₱115,200 D. ₱69,120 ANSWER: A. 20.15

SOLUTION: 36. Determine the equivalent nominal interest rate compounded quarterly
of 12% compounded semi-annually.
1 2 
d1 
2  5
 600,000  0   120,000 A. 8.915% B. 10.115%
 C. 11.825% D. 12.785%
2
d2 
5
 600,000  120,000   192,000 SOLUTION:
2
d3   600,000  120,000  192,000   115,200
4 2
 j  0.12 
5 1    1  
 4   2 
ANSWER: C. ₱115,200 j  0.118252  100
j  11.8252% compounded quarterly
ANSWER: C. 11.825%

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

37. A point has rectangular coordinates of (3, 4, 5). Determine the Length of conjugate axis:

A.
equivalent cylindrical coordinates.
(5, 53.13°, 5) B. (5, 53.13°, 5 2 )

2b  2 2 6 
2b  4 6  9.7980 units
C. ( 5 2 , 53.13°, 5) D. ( 5 2 , 45°, 5)
nd
2 solution:
SOLUTION: Hyperbola with rotated axes:
rectangular  cylindrical 2xy  a2
x y z  rxy xy z xy 
a2
 12
3 4 5  rxy xy z
2
a  24  2 6

rxy  x 2  y 2  32  42  5 b  a  2 6 units
Length of conjugate axis:
y 4
xy  tan1    tan1    53.1301
x 3 
2b  2 2 6 
z5 2b  4 6  9.7980 units
ANSWER: A. (5, 53.13°, 5) ANSWER: D. 9.80 units

38. If the distance between the points (2, y, 4) and (8, 3, 6) is 9.434, find 42. Halley's comet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun with an
the value of y. (CE MAY 2003) eccentricity of 0.967. Its furthest distance (aphelion) as it approaches
A. 10 B. 4 the sun is 35.29 astronomical units (AU). Find the comet's closest
C. 0 D. 8 distance (perihelion) as it approaches the sun in AU.
A. 17.94 AU B. 0.592 AU
SOLUTION: C. 35.29 AU D. 0.766 AU

d2   x    y    z 
2 2 2
SOLUTION:

 9.434  2
 8  2  3  y    6  4 
2 2 2
Aphelion  a 1  e 
y  4, 10 35.29  a 1  0.967 
ANSWER: B. −4 a  17.9410

2 Perihelion  a 1  e 
39. Determine the latus rectum of the curve r  . (CE NOV 2015)
1  sin  Perihelion  17.9410 1  0.967 
A. 2 B. 4 Perihelion  0.5921
C. 8 D. 16
ANSWER: B. 0.592 AU
SOLUTION:
43. Find the distance between the foci of the curve
2 9x2  25y2  18x  100y  116  0 . (CE NOV 2000)
r
1  sin  A. 7 units B. 8 units
r  r sin   2 C. 6 units D. 12 units
r  r sin   2
SOLUTION:
x2  y2  y  2
Complete the square:
x 2  y 2  y 2  4y  4
   
9 x 2  2x  12  25 y 2  4y  22  116  9 12  25 22    
x  4  y  1
2

9  x  1  25  y  2   225
2 2

Length of latus rectum: LR = 4

ANSWER: B. 4
 x  12   y  22 1
52 32
40. Transform r  8 to rectangular form. (CE MAY 2014)
center 1, 2 
A. x2  y2  8 B. x2  y2  8 a5
C. x2  y2  64 D. x2  y2  64 b3
Distance between foci:
SOLUTION:
a2  b2  c 2
r 8
52  32  c 2
r 2  82
c4
x 2  y 2  64 2c  8

ANSWER: C. x2  y2  64 ANSWER: B. 8 units

44. A line of slope 3 passes through the point (7, 10). If a point on the line
41. The x-axis and the y-axis are asymptotes of an equilateral hyperbola has an abscissa 2, determine its ordinate.
whose equation is xy  12 . Determine the length of the conjugate A. 6 B. 5
axis. C. −6 D. −5
A. 8.46 units B. 8.94 units
C. 9.38 units D. 9.80 units SOLUTION:

SOLUTION: y 2  y1
m
st x 2  x1
1 solution:
10  y
Hyperbola with rotated axes: 3
72
xy  C  u  v  2C
2 2
y  5
xy  12  u2  v 2  2 12   24
2 2 ANSWER: D. −5
u v
 1
24 24
a  b  24  2 6

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

45. Find two points on the line 2x + 3y = −4 which has a distance of 2 Upper Limit:
units from the line 3x + 4y = 6. (CE NOV 1992) 561  500
A. (64, −44) and (4, −4) B. (−32, 20) and (28, −20) z2  1
61
C. (−28, 20) and (−4, 4) D. (−44, 64) and (−4, 4)
1 1

2
SOLUTION: P561  e z 2dz
st
2 8.1967
1 :
P561  0.8413
Ax1  By1  C
d
 A 2  B2 P561  1  P561  1  0.8413
3x  4y  6 3x  4y  6 P561  0.1587  15.87%
2 
 32  42 5
3x  4y  16  equation 1 nd
2 solution:
2x  3y  4  equation 2 Mode 3 1
Solve simultaneously:
X
x  64 1 500 + 61 = 561
y  44 2 500 – 61 = 439
nd
2 : 3
Ax1  By1  C AC
d
 A B 2 2 Shift 1 5 3: R(
Shift 1 5 4: ►t
3x  4y  6 3x  4y  6
2  
5 R(561►t)
 32  42
3x  4y  4  equation 1 0.15866
2x  3y  4  equation 2
P561  0.15866  15.866%
Solve simultaneously:
x4 ANSWER: C. 15.87%
y  4
48. Eight eligible bachelors and seven beautiful models purchased
ANSWER: A. (64, −44) and (4, −4) randomly single seats in the same 15-seat row of a theater. On the
average, how many pairs of adjacent seats are ticketed for
46. Airborne spores produce tiny mold colonies on gelatin plates in a marriageable couples? (CE MAY 2017)
laboratory. The many plates average 3 colonies per plate. What A. 4.67 B. 7.47
fraction of plates has exactly 3 colonies? (Hint: Use Poisson’s C. 5.33 D. 3.35
Distribution)
A. 0.6472 B. 0.5974 SOLUTION:
C. 0.4232 D. 0.2240 st
1 solution:
SOLUTION: Number of adjacent pairs:
8  7  1  14
Poisson’s Distribution:
k e Probability that on the left is a man and on the right is a woman:
P  8  7  4
k! PMW     
Where:  15  14  15
 = average number of events in a specified interval Probability that on the left is a woman and on the right is a man:
3
 7  8  4
k = actual number of successes that occur in the specified PWM     
interval  15  14  15
k=3 Probability that the pair is of different gender:
k  4 4
 e P  PMW  PWM  
P 15 15
k!
3  e 
8
3 3 P
15
P
3! Expected number of different-gender pairs:
P  0.2240
 8 
P  14  
ANSWER: 0.2240  15 
112
47. A smartphone battery manufacturer knows that for large quantities, P  7.4667
the life of the battery is normally distributed with a mean life of 500 15
days, and a standard deviation of 61 days. What percentage of a nd
2 solution:
large stock of batteries will have a life greater than 561 days? (CE
MAY 2014) b = number of bachelors = 8
A. 18.75% B. 84.13% m = number of models = 7
C. 15.87% D. 81.34%
2bm
P  Harmonic Mean
SOLUTION: bm
st 2  8  7 
1 solution: P
Normal Probability Distribution: 87
z2 112

P
1 2
e z 2dz P  7.4667
15
2 z1
z score: ANSWER: B. 7.47
x
z

49. A contractor is considering a project that promises a profit of
Where: ₱230,000 with a probability of 0.7 or a loss (due to delay, inflation,
x = value calamity, etc) of ₱130,000 with a probability of 0.3. What is the
 = mean expected profit? (CE NOV 2016)
 = standard deviation A. ₱161,000 B. ₱39,000
Lower Limit: C. ₱200,000 D. ₱122,000
0  500
z1   8.1967
61

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

SOLUTION: 54. Three circles are mutually tangent to one another externally. Their
centers are connected forming a triangle whose sides are 16 cm, 20
Expected Profit  Pr ofit  Loss cm, and 24 cm. Find the area of the largest circle. (CE MAY 2009, CE
Expected Profit  230000  0.7   130000  0.3  MAY 2018)
2 2
Expected Profit  122000 A. 113.10 cm B. 615.75 cm
2 2
C. 452.25 cm D. 314.16 cm
ANSWER: D. ₱122,000
SOLUTION:
50. When 100 coins are tossed, what is the probability that exactly 50 are
heads? r1  r2  16  EQ1
A. 0.01084 B. 0.07959 r2  r3  20  EQ2
C. 0.05398 D. 0.04321
r1  r3  24  EQ3
SOLUTION 1: Solve EQ1, EQ2, and EQ3:
100C50 r1  10 cm
P
2100 r2  6 cm
P  0.07959 r3  14 cm
SOLUTION 2: Area of largest circle:
P1  0.50  outcome is head A  r32
P2  0.50  outcome is tail A  196  615.7522 cm2
n  100 ANSWER: B. 615.75 cm
2

r  50
n r 55. Determine the area of a sector of a circle if it has a radius of 6 cm and
P  nCr P1  P2 
r
a perimeter of 19 cm. (CE MAY 2015)
100  50
P  100C50  0.50  0.50 
50 2 2
A. 19 cm B. 21 cm
2 2
P  0.07959 C. 23 cm D. 25 cm

ANSWER: B. 0.07959 SOLUTION:

51. In a triangle XYZ, side XY = 18 and side YZ = 6. Find the probable S  R

length of side XZ. (CE MAY 2000) P  S  2R
A. 10 B. 11 P  R  2R
C. 12 D. 13 19    6   2  6 
SOLUTION:   1.1667 rad

Probable length of side XZ: 1 2

Area  R
XZ  XY  YZ  1 2
XZ  18  6  1 1
Area  1.1667  6 
2

XZ  13 2
Area  21 cm2
XZ  XY  YZ  1
2
XZ  18  6  1 ANSWER: B. 21 cm
XZ  23 56. A polygon has 104 diagonals. How many sides does it have? (CE
13  XZ  23 NOV 2009)
A. 13 B. 14
ANSWER: D. 13 C. 15 D. 16
52. A square ABCD has a side equal to x. Point E is inside the square
SOLUTION:
forming an equilateral triangle BEC having one side equal to the side
of the square. Determine the value of angle DEC. (CE NOV 2015) d = 104 diagonals
A. 35° B. 45° Number of diagonals:
C. 65° D. 75° n
d  n  3 
2
SOLUTION:
n
104   n  3 
2
n  16 sides
ANSWER: D. 16

57. A regular octagon is to be cut out from a square section having a side
of 16 cm. Determine the side of the octagon. (CE NOV 2018)
A. 6.63 cm B. 4.69 cm
C. 3.69 cm D. 2.93 cm

SOLUTION:
Triangle BEC is an equilateral triangle with side equal to x, then
Pythagorean Theorem:
the triangle DEC formed is an isosceles triangle with x as equal
sides. s2  x 2  x 2
    30  180 s  2x
  75
Regular Octagon: (equal sides)
ANSWER: D. 75° s  16  2x

53. What is the percent uncertainty in the measurement 3.76  0.25 m ? 2x  16  2x

A. 5.56% B. 15.04% x  4.6863 cm
C. 6.65% D. 14.50% s  2  4.6863   6.6274

SOLUTION: ANSWER: A. 6.63 cm

0.25 58. In triangle ABC, a = 36 cm, b = 18 cm, c = 36 cm. Determine the
%uncertaint y   100
3.76 radius of a circle tangent to side c and escribed outside the triangle.
%uncertaint y  6.6489% (CE NOV 2015)
A. 11.62 cm B. 17.43 cm
ANSWER: C. 6.65%
C. 23.24 cm D. 34.86 cm

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Triangle: I
a = 36, b = 18, c = 36 R  log  
 Io 
a  b  c 36  18  36
s   45  50,000Io 
2 2 R  log  
A  s  s  a  s  b  s  c   Io 
R  log  50,000 
A   45  45  36  45  18  45  36 
R  4.6990  4.7
A  313.7117 cm2
ANSWER: C. 4.7
Escribed circle tangent to side c:
A  r s  c  62. The planning department of Common Office Supplies has been asked
to determine whether the company should introduce a new computer
313.7117  r  45  36  desk next year. The department estimates that ₱6000 of new
r  34.8569 cm manufacturing equipment will need to be purchased and that the cost
of constructing each desk will be ₱200. The department also
ANSWER: D. 34.86 cm estimates that the revenue from each desk will be ₱450. Determine
the revenue R(x) function from the sale of “x” desks. (CE NOV 2015)
59. Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle, with ABC = 82° and ACB =
A. R = 250x B. R = 6000 – 200x
40°. Point M is the midpoint of arc AB. Determine the value of MAC.
C. R = 6000 + 450x D. R = 450x
(CE NOV 2015)
A. 25° B. 41°
SOLUTION:
C. 78° D. 86°
R   selling price  # of units sold
SOLUTION:
R  450x
ANSWER: D. R = 450x

63. A merchant has three items on sale: an mp3 player for $50.00, a
digital clock for $30.00 and an LED flashlight for $1.00. At the end of
the day, she has sold a total of 100 of the three sale items and has
taken in exactly $1000.00 on the total sales. How many mp3 players
did he sell?
A. 4 B. 16
C. 20 D. 80

SOLUTION:
Peripheral Angle Theorem: Let:
ABC  AMC  82 x = # of mp3 players
y = # of digital clocks
Point M is the midpoint of arc AB:
z = # of LED flashlights
1 1
ACM   ACB    40 
2 2 x  y  z  100  EQ1
ACM  20  50 x  30  y  1 z  1000  EQ2
Consider MAC: Diophantine Equations:
  82  20  180 - More unknowns than equations
  MAC  78 - Trial and error solution
- Unknowns must be positive whole numbers
ANSWER: C. 78°
From EQ1:
60. Determine the depth at which the intensity of the radiation passing z  100  x  y
through a lead shield is reduced to 3% of the original intensity if the
value of k is 2.1. (CE MAY 2018) Substitute in EQ2:
 I   50  x   30  y  1100  x  y   1000
Use the formula: ln    kx
I  900  49x
 0 y
Where: 29
I = intensity of radiation Try the choices:
I0 = initial intensity A. x = 4  y = 24.28
k = constant measure dependent on the material B. x = 16  y=4
x = depth in mm C. x = 20  y = 2.76
A. 1.33 mm B. 0.73 mm D. x = 80  y = 104.14
C. 1.67 mm D. 0.44 mm
ANSWER: B. 16
SOLUTION:
64. The total sales of a certain company (including inventories) during the
 I  first two quarters of 2018 were 1.596 million and 1.649 million.
ln 
I   kx Determine the sales during the fourth quarter of 2018.
 0  A. 2.760 million B. 1.755 million
 0.03I0  C. 1.120 million D. 2.385 million
ln 
 I   2.1x
 0 
SOLUTION:
x  1.6698 mm
The function is linear or arithmetic sequence:
ANSWER: C. 1.67 mm
d  1.649  1.596  0.053 million
61. The magnitude, R, on the Richter scale of an earthquake of intensity I a4  1.596   4  1 0.053   1.755 million
is given by
I ANSWER: B. 1.755 million
R  log  
 Io  65. Two airplanes leave the same airport at the same time flying in
where Io is the intensity of a barely felt zero-level earthquake. The opposite directions. The rate of the faster airplane is 300 mph while
earthquake that the rate of the slower airplane is 200 mph. After how many hours will
destroyed San Francisco in 1906 was 50,000 times as intense as a the two airplanes be 1000 miles apart? (CE NOV 2015)
zero-level earthquake. What was its magnitude on the Richter scale? A. 2 hrs B. 3 hrs
(CE NOV 2017) C. 5 hrs D. 8 hrs
A. 6.8 B. 5.3
C. 4.7 D. 2.9

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MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

SOLUTION: 70. Determine the sum of the infinite geometric series of 1, –1/5, +1/25,
… (CE MAY 1998)
S1  S2  Stotal
A. 5/7 B. 5/6
V1t  V2 t  Stotal C. 4/6 D. 4/5
300t  200t  1000
t  2 hours SOLUTION:

ANSWER: A. 2 hrs Infinite Geometric Progression:

g1  1
66. A father and his son can dig a well if the father works 6 hours and his 1
son works 12 hours. They can also do it if the father works 9 hours g2  
5
and his son works 8 hours. How long will it take for the father to dig
1
the well alone? (CE MAY 2017) g3 
A. 10 hrs B. 15 hrs 25
C. 20 hrs D. 25 hrs g g 1
r 2  3 
g1 g2 5
SOLUTION:
Sum of infinite terms:
Rt  1 a 1
S  1 
 1   1  1 r  1
  6    12   1  EQ1 1   
 father 
t  t son   5
 1   1  S 
5
  9    8  1  EQ2 6
 t father   t son 
ANSWER: D. 5/6
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
t father  15 hours 71. How many terms of the progression 3, 5, 7, … must be taken in order
t son  20 hours that their sum will be 2600? (CE MAY 1994, CE NOV 1994)
A. 20 B. 30
ANSWER: B. 15 hrs C. 40 D. 50

67. Twenty men can finish a job in 30 days. Twenty-five men started the SOLUTION:
job. After 20 days, ten men quit. Determine the total number of days it
took them to finish the job? (CE NOV 1999) Arithmetic progression:
A. 6.67 days B. 16.67 days a1  3
C. 26.67 days D. 36.67 days a2  5
a3  7
SOLUTION:
d  a2  a1  a3  a2  2
 2030    25  20    25  10  x  20 
If the sum of terms is 2600:
x  26.6667 days n
Sn  2a1   n  1 d
ANSWER: C. 26.67 days 2
n
68. A 12-ton concrete mixture consists of 1/6 sand, 1/3 gravel, and 1/2
2600  2  3    n  1 2  
2
cement. If “x” tons of cement are added, the mixture will contain 60% n  50
cement. How many tons of cement must be added?
A. 2 tons B. 3 tons ANSWER: D. 50
C. 5 tons D. 6 tons
72. Find the value of A in the equation:
SOLUTION: x2  4x  10 A B  2x  2 C
   (CE MAY 1996)
1 x3  2x2  5x x x2  2x  5 x2  2x  5
12  x  0.60 12  x  A. 2 B. −1/2
2
x  3 tons C. −2 D. 1/2

ANSWER: B. 3 tons SOLUTION:

 x 2  4x  10 A B  2x  2  
 
69. The vibration frequency of a string varies directly as the square root of C
  2  2   x  x  2x  5
2
the tension and inversely as the product of the length and diameter of  3
 x  2x  5x x x  2x  5 x  2x  5 
2
the spring. If a string 3 feet long and 0.03-inch in diameter vibrates at
720 times per second under a 90-pound tension, at what frequency
will a 2 feet long and 0.025-inch string vibrates under a 50-pound
 
x 2  4x  10  A x 2  2x  5  B  2x  2  x   C  x 

tension? x 2
 4x  10  A  x 2
 2x  5   B  2x 2

 2x  C  x 
A. 683 B. 966
C. 855 D. 720 By correspondence:
2
Coefficients of x :
SOLUTION:
1  A  2B  EQ1
T
f Coefficients of x:
LD
 T 4  2A  2B  C  EQ2
f  k  
 LD  Constants:
fLD
k 10  5A  EQ3
T
Solve EQ1, EQ2 and EQ3:
f1L1D1 f2L 2D2

T1 T2 A2
 720  3  0.03   f2  2 0.025  B
1
90 50 2
f2  965.9814  966 C 1

ANSWER: B. 966 ANSWER: A. 2

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

x5 When z = 25 ft and dz/dt = −6 ft/s:

73. Evaluate the limit of as x approaches 5. (CE NOV
x  12x  35
2 z2  x 2  202
2018) 252  x 2  202
A. 1/2 B. −1/7
x  15 ft
C. −1/2 D. 1/7
dx z dz
SOLUTION:  
dt x dt
dx 25
x5 x 5    6 
Lim Lim dt 15
x 5 x 2  12x  35 x 5  x  7  x  5  dx
1 1 1  10 ft/s
Lim   dt
x 5 x 7 57 2
ANSWER: B. 10 ft/s
ANSWER: C. −1/2
78. Water is flowing into a tank in the form of a frustum of a right circular
cone. The tank is 2 m tall with upper and lower radii of 1.50 m and 1
74. Determine one of the horizontal asymptotes of the curve
m, respectively. The water surface is rising at a rate of 0.012 m/s
y2 
 2x  3  2
when the water in the tank is 0.80 m deep. Find the rate of flow of
x2  2x  3 water into the tank. (CE NOV 2001)
3 3
A. 0.0319 m /s B. 0.0487 m /s
A. 2y – 3 = 0 B. y–3=0 3 3
C. 0.0543 m /s D. 0.0599 m /s
C. y–2=0 D. 3y – 2 = 0
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Horizontal asymptote: x  1 1.5  1

0.8 2
y  lim
 2x  3 2 x  1.2 m
x  x 2  2x  3
Q  AV
 2 9999   3   
2
Q  x 2  0.012 
y
 9999  2
 2  9999   3
Q  0.05429 m3 /s
y2 3
ANSWER: C. 0.0543 m /s
y20
79. At maximum point, the value of the second derivative (y”) is:
ANSWER: C. y – 2 = 0
A. Infinite B. Positive
75. Determine the slope of a line having parametric equations: y  4t  6 C. Negative D. Zero
and x  t  1 (CE MAY 1998)
ANSWER: C. Negative
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5 80. Find the minimum value for the slope of the tangent to the curve of
f  x   x5  x3  2x .
SOLUTION:
A. m = −1 B. m = −1/2
y  4t  6
C. m = −2 D. m = −2/3
dy
4
dt SOLUTION:
x  t 1 f  x   x5  x3  2x
dx
1 Slope of the tangent:
dt
m  f '  x   5x4  3x2  2
dy dy dt 4
  4 Minimize the slope:
dx dx dt 1
m'  f "  x   20x3  6x  0
ANSWER: C. 4
x0

76. Determine the length of the tangent to the circle x  y  4x  5  0

2 2 Thus,
from the point (8, −2). (CE NOV 2015) m  f '  x   5x 4  3x 2  2

m  5 0  3 0  2
A. 4.74 units B. 5.57 units 4 2
C. 6.32 units D. 7.00 units
m  2
SOLUTION: ANSWER: C. m = −2
LT 2  x2  y 2  4x  5 from 8, 2 81. A rectangular box, whose base is twice as long as its width, has a
3 2
volume of 0.864 m . Material for the bottom costs ₱20.00 per m ; for
LT 2   8    2   4  8   5
2 2
2
the sides and top, material costs ₱10.00 per m . Find the height of the
LT  31  5.5678 units box for minimum total cost.
A. 0.8 m B. 1.2 m
ANSWER: C. 4 C. 1.0 m D. 1.4 m
77. A boat is being towed by a rope to a pier. The pier is 20 ft above the
SOLUTION:
water level. The remaining length of the rope to be pulled is 25 ft. If
the boat is being pulled at 6 ft/s, how fast is the boat approaching the V  0.864  2W  W H  2W 2H
pier?
A. 5 ft/s B. 10 ft/s 0.864
W  EQ1
C. 20 ft/s D. 25 ft/s 2H

C  20  2W  W   10 2  WH  2  2WH

SOLUTION:
C  60W 2  60WH  EQ2
z2  x 2  202
dz dx Substitute EQ1 in EQ2:
2z   2x   0.864  0.864
dt dt C  60    60 H
dx z dz  2H  2H
 
dt x dt

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING & TRANSPOR TATION ENG INEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART IV – 2019

Try Choices: SOLUTION:

A. H = 0.8  C = 67.67
h
B. H = 1.2  C = 64.80 (minimum cost) tan  58    EQ1
x
C. H = 1.0  C = 65.36
h
D. H = 1.4  C = 65.18 tan  26    EQ2
1000  x
ANSWER: B. 1.2 m
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
82. The total costof producing a commodity is given by x  233.5809 m
C  60x2  0.01x3 , where x is the number of units produced. h  373.8076 m
Determine the value of x so that the average unit cost is maximum. ANSWER: B. 374 m
(CE MAY 1999)
A. 2000 B. 2500 87. Twice the explement of a certain angle A is ten times its complement.
C. 3000 D. 4000 Determine the value of angle A in mils.
A. 400 B. 700
SOLUTION: C. 1200 D. 6400

C  60x2  0.01x3 SOLUTION:

dC
 120x  0.03x 2  0 Explement of A  360  
dx
x  4000 Complement of A  90  

ANSWER: D. 4000 2 Explement of A   10  Complement of A 

2  360  A   10  90  A 
83. The absolute value of the modulus of a complex number 5  yi is
equal to 6.403. Determine the value of y. A  22.5
A. 2 B. 3
6400 mils
C. 4 D. 5 A  22.5 
360
SOLUTION: A  400 mils
ANSWER: A. 400 mils
r 2  x2  y2
 6.403 2  5 2  y 2 88. A box with a square base and open top is to be made from a square
piece of tin by cutting out a 3-inch square from each corner and
y  3.9998 folding up the sides. If the box is to hold 48 cubic inches, what size
piece of tin should be used?
ANSWER: C. 4
A. 2-inch square B. 4-inch square
84. Solve for x  y in the equation 1  2i x  yi  7  4i (CE MAY 2015, C. 8-inch square D. 10-inch square
CE MAY 2017) SOLUTION:
A. 1 B. 3
C. 5 D. 7 L  W  x  2 3  x  6
H3
SOLUTION:
V  L  W H
1  2i x  yi  7  4i
48   x  6   3 
2
x  yi  2xi  2yi2  7  4i
x  10 inches
x  2y  1  7  2xi  yi  4i
ANSWER: D. 10-inch square
x  2y  7   2x  y  4  i

x  2y  7  0  EQ1
2x  y  4  0  EQ2
89. Evaluate:
0
2
sin7 x cos6 xdx (CE MAY 2014)

A. 0.005328 B. 0.002280
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
C. 0.009503 D. 0.006779
x3
y2 ANSWER: A. 0.005328
xy 325 2 3 y

ANSWER: C. 5
90. Evaluate

0 0 0
dzdydx

A. 4 B. 8
85. Three ships are situated as follows: ship A is 225 km due north of ship
C, and ship B is 375 km due east of ship C. Determine the bearing of C. 9 D. 18
ship A from ship B. (CE NOV 2016)
A. S 59° E B. N 59° W SOLUTION:
C. S 31° E D. N 31° W 2 3 y

 0 0 0
dzdydx
SOLUTION: 2 3

  1 dydx
y
0
0 0
2 3

   y  0dydx
0 0
3
2
y2 
 0
 dx
2 
0
375
tan   2 
2


3
225   0 dx  9
 2 
  59.0362 0  

ANSWER: B. N 59 W ANSWER: C. 9

86. Points A and C 1000 m apart are plotted on a straight highway

running East and West. From A, the bearing of a tower B is 32° E of “In order to pass the board exam
N. From C, the bearing of tower B is 64° W of N. Find the shortest the soonest possible time,
distance of tower B from the highway.
you have to start by believing
A. 364 m B. 374 m
C. 384 m D. 394 m
that you have already passed!!!”

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺