Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Content Validity and Acceptability of Contextualized Module in Illustration Course
Content Validity and Acceptability of Contextualized Module in Illustration Course
Content Validity and Acceptability of Contextualized Module in Illustration Course
ILLUSTRATION COURSE
A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premiere University in Zamboanga Del Norte
Main Campus, Dapitan City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Introduction
learners’ creative ideas, artistic engagements, and motivational perspectives for them to
build foundation in this industry. As the world still in the midst of an unfolding crisis, teachers
are committed to continue education using different distance learning modalities and
activities, and assessments that let the students process information and perform skills in their
The field of Illustration in Technology and Livelihood Education subject is essential for
aspiring artists and learners who desire to become future illustrators and cartoonists. From
drawing basic shapes, forms, and objects into a myriad of cartoon characters as real or as
exaggerated they want to be. Also, there are now people who become avid readers that want to
visualize the image of what’s happening in the story they are reading. Therefore, all of their
works and knowledge could be of use in this matter. They may become an illustrator of a book,
comics, and the like. TLE- Illustration is a specialized course that will equip our learners in all of
As young people nowadays are so fond of illustrative works that they stream online or
buy in a bookstore. Students want to gain a wide range of knowledge in the art of illustration to
be used successfully in terms of context and target audience. However, challenges among
teachers and students are an inevitable part of learning. In research from CITT (2019), Students
were mostly stigmatized about choosing this career as they faced some people’s criticism and
discouragement, loss of inspiration to create art, and the inability to access one’s creativity.
For teachers, they also experienced significant barriers in teaching this profession. The
huge paradigm changes in the teaching and learning process has been a great challenge. From
traditional classroom setting, real-time interaction, and teacher’s demonstration into home-based,
self-learned, and individual artistic flair of students. The role of the teachers in shaping the minds
of the nation takes a lot of creativeness, innovations and interventions in order to give solutions
Illustration course. In this aspect, with the development of contextualizing and localize self-
learning modules, we will be able to address students’ learning gaps by integrating real-world
concepts and situations that will feature their various needs, location, and access. (Madrazo and
Villareas, 2020)
only provides unique features for learning but it also helps to continue quality education even in
effective use of the illustration within practical context as well as marketing, commercial, and
ethical knowledge required by the professional industry. Subsequently, it explores the wide-
This study aims to validate and accept the contextualize learning module in illustration as
one of the specialized course of Technology and Livelihood education. Specifically, this study
Module?
3.2 Presentations
3.3 Illustration
3.4 Timeliness
3.5 Adequacy
3.6 Suitability
3.7 Usefulness
3.8 Clarity
4. What is the summary result of the evaluation on the contextualized Module’s level of
acceptability?
5. Is there a significance difference between the teachers and student’s evaluation
Hypotheses
1. Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant difference of the teachers and students’
2. Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant difference of the teachers and students’
Significance of Study:
Teachers. This study will help teachers in teaching illustration, drawing and cartooning
Students. Through this study, Illustration learners will be able to learn concepts and
perform creative skills with access to the community and utilize the availability of their
resources.
Cartoonist and Illustrators Aspirant. The output of this study will also help aspiring
artist, cartoonist and illustrators to learn fundamental skills of drawing cartoons, comics,
Future Researchers. This study provides background and foundation for the next
This study primarily focuses on the content validity and acceptability of contextualized
module will be evaluated by teacher experts of Lanao del Norte Division and Junior High
School students of Lala Proper Integrated School who specialized in this course.
Definition of Terms:
To facilitate understanding of this paper, the following terms are defined conceptually
and operationally.
contextualized module in terms of lesson objectives, lesson inputs, lesson application, and lesson
enrichment.
Contextualize Module. An instructional tool that are user-friendly where students can
learn in their own and contains real-world concepts and situations featuring their locality and
learning style. This is also used as an intervention in addressing the learning gaps in the
Illustration. A specialized course for Technology and Livelihood Education subject that
prepares learner to become illustrator, cartoonist, comic/manga artist or someone who can
create drawings and illustrations for book covers, murals, caricatures and more.
Junior High School students. It refers to the Grade 10 students enrolled in the school
year 2021-2022 at Lala Proper Integrated School, Lala, Lanao del Norte who specialized in
Theoretical Framework
approach has its methodological limitations but has the potential to promote short-term academic
achievement. The study suggests that even if there’s a lot of barriers in implementing distance
learning, teachers should still attempt to produced improvised materials for their teaching from
local resources. The contextualized module should contain activities that can they can
accomplish on a weekly or monthly basis based on the learning plan provided by teachers.
immense task, and a model provides a systematic structure for the process. pointed out
that a framework is needed for the module design and development. There is also a
scientific way to design and certain skills are necessary in the writing of modules. In
research from Emotin-Bucjan (2011) stated that the most common model used for
creating instructional materials is the ADDIE model; these acronym stands for five
and task to be learned, D for Design develop learning objectives and choose an
Implement deliver or distribute the instructional materials and E for Evaluate-make sure
Introduction
The creation of learning modules is one of the important strategies in aiding the new
landscape of learning in our educational system today. The use of this instrument in the academic
context contains a series of enriched features that takes us into a unique world of learning and
understanding. For students, it provides instruction and information on the different lessons and
performs the role of an efficient teacher for them to learn in their field of endeavor. For teachers,
this instructional material plays a significant role that keeps us on track to ensure all learning
competencies required in the subject must be covered and set up an assessment process.
Furthermore, it sharpens our learners’ intellect, creativity, and perspective even with the absence
The field of Illustration in Technology and Livelihood Education subject is essential for
aspiring artists and learners who desire to become future illustrators and cartoonists. From
drawing basic shapes, forms, and objects into a myriad of cartoon characters as real or as
exaggerated they want to be. Also, there are now people who become avid readers that want to
visualize the image of what’s happening in the story they are reading. Therefore, all of their
works and knowledge could be of use in this matter. They may become an illustrator of a book,
comics, and the like. TLE- Illustration is a specialized course that will equip our learners in all of
As young people nowadays are so fond of illustrative works that they stream online or
buy in a bookstore. Students want to gain a wide range of knowledge in the art of illustration to
be used successfully in terms of context and target audience. However, challenges among
teachers and students are an inevitable part of learning. In research from CITT (2019), Students
were mostly stigmatized about choosing this career as they faced some people’s criticism and
discouragement, loss of inspiration to create art, and the inability to access one’s creativity.
For teachers, they also experienced significant barriers in teaching this profession. The
huge paradigm changes in the teaching and learning process has been a great challenge. From
traditional classroom setting, real-time interaction, and teacher’s demonstration into home-based,
self-learned, and individual artistic flair of students. The role of the teachers in shaping the minds
of the nation takes a lot of creativeness, innovations and interventions in order to give solutions
this aspect, with the development of contextualizing and localize self-learning modules, we will
be able to address students’ learning gaps by integrating real-world concepts and situations that
will feature their various needs, location, and access. (Madrazo and Villareas, 2020)
DepEd Order No. 18, s. 2020 on Policy guidelines for the provision of learning resources
in the implementation of the basic education learning continuity plan calls for the Department of
liberating education in this time of crisis. In response to this emergency, DepEd developed
different distance learning modalities such as the Alternative Delivery Modules or self-learning
modules to ensure that learning opportunities are safely provided to our learners, through
unique features for learning but it also helps to continue quality education even in times of crisis
and catastrophes. It describes students’ appreciation in this course to be an effective use of the
illustration within practical context as well as marketing, commercial, and ethical knowledge
The field of Illustration in Technology and Livelihood Education subject is essential for
aspiring artists and learners who desire to become future illustrators and cartoonist. From
drawing basic shapes, forms, and objects into a myriad of cartoon characters as real or as
exaggerated they want to be. Also, there are now people who become avid readers that want to
visualize the image of what’s happening in the story they are reading. Therefore, all of their
works and knowledge could be of use in this matter. They may become an illustrator of a book,
comics, and the like. TLE- Illustration is a specialized course that will equip our learners in all of
Instructional materials can serve as a channel between teachers and students in delivering
and teaching Illustration. It is best to develop instructional materials when aligned with all other
elements in the course including the learning objectives, assessments, and activities.
Face-to-Face Setting. Before the pandemic, teachers impart the lesson of TLE-
components, and other resources. Through these, they use a variety of strategies and
differentiated instructional materials that is appropriate to the level of intelligence and interest of
our students.
Distance Learning. This modality employs mostly the use of self-learning modules to
my learners that are based on the Most Essential learning competencies (MELCs) provided by
DepEd. We, teachers, will monitor the learner's progress through home visits (following social
distancing protocols) and feedback mechanisms and guide those who need special attention,
especially in my illustration subject. Through all of these, some instructions and activities must
2021)
Education Curriculum
During the curriculum transition from the basic education curriculum to the k-12
curriculum of today, all learning areas have been revised and modified. The subject like
Technology and Livelihood Education has also been revised through these guidelines. In the
previous curriculum, learned the TLE Subject generally like cooking, drafting, dressmaking,
business, etc. in a school year from 1st year to 4th year through lectures and skills performance.
In the k-12 curriculum, our learners will be able to experience 8 exploratory courses for 8
quarters from Grade 7-8 and choose their desire strand and specialization from grade 9-12 to
meet one of the four exits of education which is to get employed after they graduated in high
school. We also used these new curriculum Guidelines as our basis and guide on the
We found out that we have to consider the community’s need, students’ interest and availability
leads to National Certificate Level II (NC II) and covers three core competencies that a high
school student should possess, namely: 1) using lines to produce volumes, 2) creating drawings
according to proportion, and 3) sourcing out of the concept for own drawings. The preliminaries
of this specialization course include the following: 1) discussion of the relevance of the course,
2) explanation of key concepts relative to the course, and 3) exploration of career opportunities
(DepEd, 2016)
Students’ Interest
Teenagers nowadays love to read mangas, comics, magazines. that they seek colors from
those materials; flyers are more appealing to the crowd if they have pictures; even invitations and
walls are now being used as a canvas of those professional illustrators. (Aaseng et al., 2014)
Challenges are an inevitable part of learning. My high school learners who specialized in
TLE-ICT-Illustration, know this very well. Here are some problems that Illustration students can
about choosing art-related fields and careers. Illustration students are expected to do so much, yet
discouraged to enter the vast world of illustration since many people see that careers in this field
don’t pay well. At times, Illustration students lose interest and inspiration to create art. While this
is understandable, this may hinder their productivity and even at the cost of their academic
performance.
can’t rush art.” So, it’s obvious for illustration students to have an overwhelming schedule. This
may be a problem for those who can’t seem to manage their time well. Further, this may result in
poor sleeping habits. Besides, it’s not like they only have one subject in the whole school year.
Juggling various school projects alongside their personal errands is surely a tough task.
Creative Block. Apart from losing interest in creating art, one can’t escape creative
block or the inability to access one’s creativity. Even if illustration students feel inspired to
create, they still struggle with not being able to express their bottled creativity. This happens as a
Problems and challenges among us teachers are also inevitable. Let it be any school, the
type of students in a classroom will be different and they will have diverse learning needs.
Satisfying all of them in the same way while approaching a particular curriculum will be a
Face-to-Face Setting
Time and Resources. In a face-to-face setting, one of the challenges we faced is Time
and resources. I don’t have enough time to give quality input, discussion, and feedback in just an
hour every day for many students. The creativity is lost to the process because of time
restrictions and class allocations timetables. Also, having so many learners in one classroom is
very difficult to manage, monitor, and assess to meet the standard art quality in their field of
specialization. Imagine if you have 60 learners in one classroom and have to monitor all of them,
The paradigm shifts in the new normal education. Another challenge also faced by us
teachers is the paradigm shift in the new normal education. It’s no secret that education systems
here and abroad have been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic. And while we sometimes hear
about the difficulties of parents and students with online and print-modular learning, we teachers
often have a fair share of challenges. We must ensure that the quality of learning remains, even
with the absence of face-to-face experiences, from the planning of lesson plans, making and
printing of modules, to the conducting of classes, and giving of activities and assignments. Like
parents and learners, the teachers will likely say, “the struggle is real” (Mayol, 2020).
Module Making. In other regions and divisions, teachers are required to make their
module that is not available or downloadable from central or regional office especially in TLE
since this subject has many specializations. So, they required TLE Teachers to create their
module to be used in teaching their specialized area for the whole school year during this time of
the pandemic.
Module development refers to the working plan and actual writing of the module. It is the
materials that we used as a supplement to the learning in the classroom. In the study of Rada
about Module development and evaluation in teaching Filipino, she defines a module as a self-
study packet and learner has complete personal control over the materials. It is essential that the
students be able to control the source of input so that they can “pace it-stop it, start it, and replay
The teaching and learning process is the most powerful instrument that allows us teachers
and our learners to interact with each other. the very essence of modularization is that students
are at the center of the teaching–learning process. It calls for a classroom environment in which
students are actively engaged in the knowledge construction process and a shift in the role of the
instructor from knowledge transmitter to a facilitator of students’ learning. Not only that,
the module/course. The practice of effective continuous assessment allows instructors to provide
adjustments in teaching and learning in response to assessment evidence. This also helps students
receive feedback about their learning with advice on what they can do to improve (Chen, 2019).
individual with his/her special aptitude and interest in drawing and designing. It provides clear
and specific instructions that learners would be able to understand and perform easy with access
Cognitive Skills for learners are intellectual processes they use to organize, understand,
and gain information in their area of specialization. This learning skill is significant because it
allows our learners to have the ability to understand instruction and direction in all activities in
the modules. Every module has a lot of activity and application that needs to comprehend
intensively. Our learners should extend their horizons in the art of imagination and
Company, 2021)
Future Skills
The integration of Future skills in developing learning module for illustration plays in a
well-rounded educational experience and intrinsic value in curriculum across the world.
According to Ehlers and Kellermann (2019), the term “future skills” is defined as the
‘ability to act successful on a complex problem in a future unknown context of action’. It refers
performance. The future skills model divides future skills into three interrelated dimensions: The
first Future Skill dimension is the subjective dimension of futures skills profiles. It is relating to
an individuals’ subjective, personal abilities to learn, adapt and develop in order to improve their
opportunities to productively participate in the workforce of tomorrow, actively shape the future
working environment and involve themselves into forming societies to cope with future
challenges. These future skill profiles are learning literacy, self-efficacy, self-determination, self-
The second Future Skill Dimension is relating to an individual’s ability to act self-
organized in relation to an object (object dimension), a task or a certain subject matter related
issue. It is emphasizing a new approach which is rooted into the current understanding of
knowledge but is suggesting to take knowledge several steps up the ladder, connect it to
motivation, values and purpose and impregnate it with the disposition to act self-organized in the
knowledge domain in question. It is not just a quest for more knowledge but for dealing with
knowledge in a different way which is resulting into professionalism and not into knowledge
expertise. These future skills profiles are design thinking competence, innovation competence,
organized in relation to its social environment (social-dimension), the society and organizational
environment. It is emphasizing the individual’s dual role as the curator of its social portfolio of
membership in several organizational spheres and at the same time having the role of rethinking
organizational spaces and creating organizational structures anew to make it future proof. It
contains the following future skills profiles such as sensemaking, future and design competence,
As the three future skills stated above, learning modules in illustration presents different
learning dimensions that are designed for learners to have creative self-expression and the ability
to comprehend, focus, organize, and create artistically. Those students who practice in this field
find themselves exploring the richness of their expressive abilities and become the vessel of
In this modern time where technology dominates the world, this module is not just about
learning traditional drawing and illustrations like the usual paper, pencil, and paint but it also
leads into modern and future creations that use different software and applications as a digital
tool. However, this material shall be designed which will target the future skills profiles and life
roles of our learners, preparing them to be globally competitive and future ready possessing the
professionally, usually requires us in an environment to call on the help of other. Some activities
in the learning modules involves interviews in the expertise and insights of others and
collaboration to achieve beneficial artistic engagement and mutual success. These learning
modules will help guide them to become future artists, cartoonists, and illustrators.
ADDIE Model
systematic structure for the process. This study pointed out that a framework is needed for
the module design and development. There is also a scientific way to design and certain
skills are necessary in the writing of modules. The researcher stated that the most common
model used for creating instructional materials is the ADDIE model; these acronym stands
for five phases of the material development: A stands for Analyze-analyze learner
characteristics, and task to be learned, D for Design develop learning objectives and choose
Implement-deliver or distribute the instructional materials and E for Evaluate-make sure the
Generally, the use of instructional materials such as learning modules helps develop our
resource in the classroom setting or a main instrument in teaching and learning process in the
distance learning environment. In this process, education is given to our children and students
with different strategies like teaching, demonstration, Laboratory Practice, etc. At the same time
schools is good training to provide facilities, a convenient atmosphere, and sufficient resources.
Our students still have to rely on lecture notes, books, and study materials to maintain better
performance in their studies. Research shows that the availability of textbooks and other
reference materials in some fields of specialization is still uncertain in this time of crisis or even
in the face-to-face setting. To address this problem, schools may introduce course modules to all
field subjects at all levels to help learners with difficulties and have a better understanding of
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides an overview of the research design and the research methods of the
study. It also includes instrumentation use, procedure of the study and the statistical treatment.
Research Design
This study will use a descriptive-correlational method in determining the validity of the
developed contextualized module in Illustration course and the significant difference between the
conditions concerning the nature, or person, a number of subjects or class events, classification
interpretations.
The descriptive research design was suitable in the study especially in determining
learners and teachers’ profile and the level of acceptability of contextualized learning module in
Illustration.
Research Environment
The present pandemic has brought extra challenges and has affected the school in delivering
quality education. Learners has limited access to resources for learning in the distance
environment. Teachers are spending time and efforts for the solutions and innovations in order to
provide effective instructional materials. This study will present an opportunity for responding
Research Locale
This study will be conducted in the different barangays of the Municipality of Lala,
Lanao del Norte. The municipality is composed of different barangays which can be categorized
into poblacions, upland, coastal and island barangays where the learners from Lala Proper
The respondents of the study are the 50 learners of Lala Proper Integrated School, and 10
The Learner respondents will be the 50 Junior High School or Grade 10 students of the
different barangays that choose illustration course in Technology and Livelihood Education
Area Respondents
Poblacions 15
Uplands 10
Coastals 10
Island Barangay 5
TOTAL 40
The teacher respondents of the study will be chosen purposively following the criteria:
(a) Permanent Teacher of Lanao del Norte Division (b) A specialized teacher in Illustration
(c) with at least 3 years of experience (d) adopting the “new normal” teaching
Research Instruments
The main instrument to be used to gather primary data is questionnaire checklist. The
checklist questionnaire is given to the respondents to evaluate the level of validity and
Level of Validity
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
Level of Acceptability
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
To ensure that the data collected met the criteria for valid interpretation and analysis, the
researcher adopted a questionnaire-checklist from the related study of Tan, et. Al (2017) on the
presented to the expert panel members and her adviser for content validation.
A letter will be sent to the office of the Dean of the Graduate School, Jose Rizal
Memorial State University, Main Campus, Dapitan City seeking for endorsement to the school,
the municipal mayor, Barangay captains, and Inter-agency task force in the municipality of Lala
will be secured to be allowed to gather information from the respondents. The researcher will
administer the questionnaire through a google survey for those who have access to internet and
The researcher will develop contextualized module in TLE-Illustration based on the gaps
and issues gathered in the interview and survey. The level of acceptability will be evaluated by
the teachers’ expert in illustration, language, and content through a questionnaire checklist.
Weighted Mean. Use to interpret the content validity and level of acceptability of the
References
Aaseng, M., Butler, C., Campbell, J., Addario, D., Hallet, A., & Oesterle, J. (2014). The art of
cartooning and illustration (Vol. 1). Walter Foster.
Adalikwu, S. A., & Iorkpilgh, I. T. (2013, July 19). The influence of instructional materials on
academic performance of senior secondary school students in. . . ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272447979_The_Influence_of_Instructional_M
aterials_on_Academic_Performance_of_Senior_Secondary_School_Students_in_Chemis
try_in_Cross_River_State
BrainWare Learning Company. (2021, January 22). Teaching Cognitive Skills - The Foundation
for Learning. Cognitive Literacy Solutions.
https://mybrainware.com/cognitive-skills/cognitive-skills-foundation-for-learning/
https://pdfcoffee.com/methods-of-research-and-thesis-writing-by-calmorin-pdf-free.html
CITT. (2019, August 28). Senior High School Animation Problems: SHS Animation Student
Blues. CIIT Philippines School - Multimedia Arts, Web Design, 3D Animation, Mobile
https://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/constructivist/
12/about/k-to-12-basic-education-curriculum/technology-and-livelihood-education-tle-and-
technical-vocational-livelihood-tvl-track/
DepEd. (2016). K to 12 basic education curriculum junior high school technology and livelihood
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Illustration-NC-II-CG.pdf
Chen, D. (2019). The practice of modularized curriculum in higher education institution: Active
learning and continuous assessment in focus. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/231186X.2019.1611052
Ehlers, U., & Kellerman, S. (2017, March 27). Future skills - the future of learning and higher
education. Results of the international future skills delphi survey. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332028491_Future_Skills_-
_The_Future_of_Learning_and_Higher_education_Results_of_the_International_Future_
Skills_Delphi_Survey/citation/download
Llego, M. (2020). DepEd learning delivery modalities for school year 2020–2021. TeacherPH.
https://www.teacherph.com/deped-learning-delivery-modalities/
Madrazo, A. L., & Villareas, R. (2020). Contextualized learning modules in bridging students’
learning gaps in calculus with analytic geometry through independent learning. Journal
on Mathematics Education.
Mayol, P. A. (2020, October 5). The Paradigm Shift for Teachers’ Challenges in the New
Normal. CebuFinest. https://cebufinest.com/paradigm-shift-teachers-challenges-new-normal/
Rada, E. (2017). Development and evaluation of a module for the teaching of beginning filipino
to foreign students. Sanbeda.Org.
http://scientia-sanbeda.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Vol-4.2-E-T-Rada.pdf
Vergara, A. (2017). Development, effectiveness and acceptability of module for the problem
solving and critical thinking skills of alternative learning system in district of tanay ii.
Researchgate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329771095_DEVELOPMENT_OF_MODULE