T + ode-{hod emomer f nsro o C

boly about aY Oxz T o t T i Momer

nendr obout Ponale 0a thrrourh
ACotrie of mass Plus the Puof maj
-Uhe body ond souo tie 0f porpeculart
ant
astance beween the hoo Porell
mothema t teolly e n o t e d of

I21cm +m
Proof Led s Cbnsidert
a Plane tamsna Ohoe cotne
f ags 7 Let T be
momen 0zert ta aou O
P1One 1cm
7S moment D nercksa about B D
ePorro/1el a a Co Ls7n
through
through Centre of

2e b e drytonce be 4he a forall

Let? be O Potctcle o f ndtS ma a

Le
ohstonce f o m an1 CD Then dstance
foom A8 (atr) 2ts moment of necdia
abou aS Ab mCt)*.
.Momen 0 mkiU othe omma abou
abou
OM S e
I m Ctm =
Sm (r+tar7)

{ ConHant. Co be Pu
 0SS
abo a
CD pag Ent throuh centrre 0f mals l s o

oOmen OF
oarrtTCIOL of a
body obout on vs
hreough
Cetde of mass 0f-heR body S Zerro
So
e i C) become
cm + M
h h 3Poro/le ana heprom Nalo
holds tor three
drmensonol bo
Stoet 6 Poved
perpends cuyan a
1 4 s404e 4hot he moment of nerso of
a Ploune amna aboud a aNET
Pecpendfcutur *o
the one of omrana eauolto the sm oP
Momend of mterd of eamna oulout top U
PerpendioHar to each 0-her n tt On Ploe
and Ttersecton ench other O a n a d a

Po here e terfondsaul oR aUrA Pose

throuh oo
mathematFcolly 1t 7 reftrceieck o

mntru
here 1n are momen D
ouTT
lamno about he Penpendr Culas
nespetdtvel ? I moment oF terctia off
Lomme aboudon o though,he Pont of
-ter-Sectron of awe ncd perponttulo
P 1arie.

Le
Led a Cnsdes a Ploune ommo
PrOf
hot OmO
 e Plone 10unina tensecaia
a POm 0 rouhn
0the
oso Posses et P b
ordi cde of mausa
mota drötonce tt frDM 1he The
as

momend of s e n d a Df P obou 0Z o m
Then ome 0f meri0. of ho1 0mana 0thou

-(1)
But
CPJom ) + Pm)2
OP oi)+On)2
Yene ¥ aue drtance Df n +-
4rom
P
tesecdNe,IY The eont a) pcomes 0y ? oX
T2 m e(n+
O

Bu Emt T wh1ChS omer of nendTa

a.bout Y-ands , my T 33 momen
famona Oubou Y-on56Then ean (3) becomes

T n t -)
ohTCh Perrpendecular, a heoremThTt
heorerm hojd oSo for three dtmen sonau Lody
stote ond Pooved kepen's 3Td ta of
PloneturU motn

As dA
dt

dA d
 heaho t FEcri
A
dA 91

)A T
)
2
cllpes
cohe r Kab
Gne
Smamo as mmajo
LT
ob
29
T 291Mab

)
a C1-e)
T *o[o-c)
1
T 9a-) )
Pu som the PopertY of A2Pe

1-

-(he)1+

20 1C
94C ( T ) t Ite

91C
tt-e
91C
 MC 1-
1-/
) c (i-e)
)T 91'7*aC1-a)
91c (1-
T 19a

72(T|a'
Constan
t P oPorto
rttw
nove
Sohatt
) antele!
T 2 cot cot +3 snco
ven by Penpendicul an
Veccor 7 verbcHY T
A e .
Sho that

t coswt +Jsmt
velocftyV: - (-osmot ) t cocoLot
dt
-aoSanot +)cocosot
To Sho
md
T(- o smcot+ uo coswt ).(?cort-
+S2hwt)
.7 ocmw Cosu t »s EnDt -Cos cot
 ho Scouar oduco of +Ho tLoo veccke
2nvoutiau andor ohaat Ton
94 g one vecttots
howe shouo ho B narrnang
underc 3vtodron of Coodnafe anis
Rodadn tboud z-orrd
h CoSO+t Astng
A' An Sm) + Ay co
A'z Az
Bl B Coso +By
8ne
82-B sm0 t+bycos
8z B2

Aoltosmed the olan v ducofd0

veCdor&n terms Of a componett
the
and B eUms ne

componen (A ) ond (8sB'z Bz)

uderr otaon

ACos t Ayszme) (entoso teySsmo) t(-hsme +

Coo) -En Sano +ByCoro) tfh e2

A Br cofs t Anbycos0 sanoAe Srmg-caro

- A By og0 Smb f Ayby cogy t A78

A Cosp t by oc "o +Bi\ot Ay by'7D-b

 mneCosO* Sm°s) T *7 ogo
+smO) t

)D1scust thA tAO bdy ob1em n

Centruas
Cenra
otuce moBun omd J-ot esuoa70n to one oly
04d Solutcon
Consider
01a4ed system of Av
LodyPardscde undon
Centcod Gorce S(»?
cohith depends nd f
dTrecded aMDn he ne
Joren he tuoo PatioR.
M m anehe mautel Of too PortscuR .
T+haPet to 0 0 .
Aceonchoms to vector addrd-5on.
+

The tu0 Pontruel eneknfeos cetrol

once on each othen
F z5 the fonce emerded by on mi
E the torce eMeoted bm on m

P-B (weHong law)

Ao F-()
 t
m 3()- -0)
for msoTDn a

-(2)

ma
gC) +m

(-)-3m(
tr) tm
m M2

Mm2
)d
d MM2
ot M+ma

917.S(o)* 0)
Ohen 91 m m2
mi+Ma
mas o the SS9em
Co n p o N H

133)
f e sclve ) C) o r T we con qot hthe
value0k,7 nd tem 2 centr omas
Comdrnotes.
t h e pstovy veuzor o4 centre otmad.
M7tm
Mt
4s -5
-7
R 7 t h (-7)

R mi+ m m
Mt
(Tmtm
=

M
R - m
M+2

mfL

M
m+m
+
R )
Mt

)
 ethe cont omaff CooTdhodef o /

G)ohtauneokhe qrtfonert a , ead oa#h

Parttc)e movn unde Conral force 2
A
The erd o motrv or PonvAe of
oEhuced91
9 n cenctral forcee moton
pven by
9
-(0)
- ) du
de

9 ,

bu
9/2

)
u 2

du

) du

do Y
9 do2
 ( 912 91
-

de s
kno@n

6Desm toayrpna/ oyeiit od orodecoon

pre ss0n 9
The to1stm CuPle per wnTt tot Col1
ToruCTOno ddy

ah d expnesswn Gortoris7onal27 tttty .

a thecoon Lovendz transforumooon a 9
Aps -ornentz ronsforanod7on ore
y -Vt yy z'z

an
4' t V
c

obtouined Posgutlle 'S e a for Slow o a

wuEd though o capel)any ta be ad ad eete

doon CoTeodron #o potSeueMe'S onmuda 9

PoisewElles derned on epnesson 9on

Joute of louT-e yo Gme of sd 1o
Per second thouoh a namow hofzen&o tbe
of un1t orm PreAunC
one undon Constant

dffenence lbtseen esThe

 uisStresm0tne{ Por
*O the o f tube
U) thee
here tnoazal /o -.he Presung
OVerony Crois seckion
OVer Congtan

CThEne no accejeradon OF he On yucid

unUm Stourt
Nthe trautd n contuct oth -the uIS 0f
9he tul
J Sha o a uid 3lo0ne haoush a
hornoo hoytzontal ube
Lndon o Constork ProgsurmeoodTusS, lencth
df FOLende (P) oupP\T
Cteen DA3 endsThe veiociY OF
Ahe tube s
*he uid *
monnum olono hu Ond TAAO
ot h oouiS o he e

con consOc o Orod

ofhe outd of TOstnug eybndNTEoX Shexl
ond h+ckness
The tusAloen o dtstonc hos
Ond ousd o VeoctV
ad daatonce t . 2om
haS ho ve oct V-dv.
Once Porco
Shol
VTSCoSEHon4he c4 1 otol
en r000fons tmuo
h o Dhen n z Cffrar ot
d

) F 27 )
he-ve sTn mens ho orc of VTICOSEt

OLCds0PPos7-1 to dovyn once

okiCh tendsto e he burd
The fooce
4he Shel (Poessune doffenenOe acrosr
ends) a o f F COSS Seton

FP(T 1hege too Jtces

'4orCO 3teady ghw of benurd
muJt ooalance O0eh othert
So F- F
)-n (oxt) =
p(re)
h -P
)dy 2 P

TtenaA-a
-p )
aht t
hee C -oneoad-dna conta Bu ohen
O he 0ou of 4he 4e)
(A d
P2
9
C P2
5)
USn AA E) Mn
V2 -P
tP2

V P
nl-t72)
V P (7-).
So th
Pourrobol
 pvelocely <hstihutron of
Punoulolo oy hoon

oToa r e Propo?tvnal to
the velocit Df herr veSekne Posntaon| -

The veloc
and 2eno ut the aus of 1hebe (n=r)
o he
he 0lume of the nued loaine pr
Secord
Seco hnueh vhe cylFnorical she of foce

4W2
(veAo cf ) foce anee ot she
V(27Au

(
otme ofhe r u o V loom
POr scondhru h hote ube
otan ed Thteciteeiro
iyuin holve es
and - r
TP
2n (

7PY (
 Le p ehe pregune defferenco hrA
ncomOL
the ViCCDui tonce ot he lznuic
a onz Of P ond shoud be
CA C a Y P' es

slubdtuArd for P Posieuzlles foamuua , so

one ajo»nS# VZJCOus Jonce Per second
0ortk
Rejn)
P'y (Yheouyh tnnuwor

mass Per second) (elocly)2-

7 h ) VPyhene Plensfy vf
Tch Pv3
3

77Pn ot , {rus
toOhole 0jume
KE Pontort
second a obtanod by e yratv
loom Yer
tbove ea
P

p 13
T
v P
v2
T 3n
CO0sk done Pen setond n ove ComnvsCouS
173 tonce 0 -ud on mpoot-nf kE 40
the 47ud
plv+ v°J/z
PYPy vJ
P-V
 motvpn 0 ur a
0CCelenotd o oe not become Stbamin
unti0Horc Copn) oloy t oncC.
Sb embn ntedPheefecae
ength of the tule tuken to he (7.chr
hene u i2luf D4tube
Jo the conc7olono f'ro ofto0 coralt0n
ee eads to mostiedom of PozIeuMe
0ula
v2 P - PYT'
3an (+1.64 )

)Det me yeung's meckulss (y)Bulk mau lus (K),

moduluS 0
lty(n) beruve Yqk
3kT
Youne's moduus (Y)
1t defone o he votv D4 nozno Stess
oLonqthudina.l
0 Stret to longtrkudamd stain
So
So F Pooce apkeny lonqhedenth of
COzhe fareo Of CroSectun AAL the

ength 0fwme Al Change n entth hen

oungy madulug
y Lonotudîha sotr
Lonotdrnou Soarn
P
on o
tudmey Stam
Y F/A FL
AAL
 hen unform Peljure afPkod oX oyern
Suiface of a bod fhen vthme ti the irdy chaani

The Defu n e u f P d a he ncmo Euk

efmed normi
Stoepr 0lume Stra 1 V Og72o l u
dy Chonge ]um?+hen Eulk ohelut k -p
-Ve San meons Fem 4h
muraf e 0f Pe(tune
Wlume deerceu jeg

The teci przocol of Bufk madulut 2 Called

Compr e CJTbi12tY.
MOda.luus Of
Rytehey
(.)
It deymed cy he aato of tongend
tresso Sheart sta
r e shos ne foce ABCD of Cube whose
ixed1f angendTol
Rooerc end s
foree applrod to the uPer touce OPanences

shear and fhe ShaPl A'B'c o.

Then shearn stna9
Oh 1h ano1 through
ohTh ventrca sides
AD ndBc have been
tunedThen tungenz
at Stres
D
Shea Strom. O
Ohene
AD BcL
 (Cn
Klat 1 Letosen Llastre consten
(1 Reloton between y,k and o
Let y Consler a cuhe 6hfe Ses eah
enyth t one fanal 1e lo he hnee
haee
Coonidmate xy ad h e Cube
ans
Subjeded to tnzfom n0mo or lenstb
Strers P over
eaOh of the foce ot Cnbe
The resP actmy he
COTli Produre pOUaulledoAX-
he
-o3 abcw tens70hDonalloul0 *nE
30JpeccvelySQyme
Y
anqume holdj toy
**

T h e oneau
tron lon P
PE
X-0Uk
enszle Strhes
oon - onc S2 ¥,
ven y
Y2Stres Itnann n e
Stram
the lodornal Stran.ajon|X-0vRD e
Aenssle Stresr O4ono Y-ae -dP
atoroy Stnazn
Lontubsnal ranm
Aeno Sraen

Py
o t n a stram TP

V S) eors CoM Prejsn.

noom Phoduced alo nX-o
Cmito
Cm 1 e Streso1on9z-a g -T
 onoY Y z aI ihE ruluw
Tenle S-ness
Stnoun oAono
P
C1-
he 01ume Sna2T
d BuIK mooludus
(1-27)
K
V?Rum Hraan

3P-(1-2
320
Th2 7 he elotron befen Y, K ond .
a)Reloton lochoeen Y h and
sireg
we contler a Cube Subjecd ed fo tensnle
on emtençama S-tne s
P ubnX amas Y CompreSI ne/
amzreut thene is
o tnes
Stres p Dlone

Hence the 7meor Stnazn alon -onee due to

tenile stneis
oon 2ven
by P andSnaun aong pE
P
X a r due to Compres zvno
e t Strann oMono y oma
s gien by +TP P

So the reguourd 3tnann along Xam

P S (itg)
autona yZ2
SmGRI he nejelouw Ssnan
-TP
ne
es Peakreli
 smultaneous euo EntensnA
So the
an to
t o eau
caA
ComphSSTONa stnam a uht
Uthert(T y au1) oune eu vaten oto Sheor
Shcor
stnan (0)
( 1 t ) t(1t) (5)
P9 Shsanm Stresy h (mpdo.ks f
S'heour StMaM T EdTY

A(1).
8o.
h n 2Relocdon betuoeen Y) h
 1-2r)
Sawtlpal ro euoon C)
2 Y
De 9et
9et

4ddmqJ the h
obove
aove tuo0 o ewe
1- 2 j

3Y(t+
y ghk ()
+K Reuoton bloeen
moduluu ounf's moduus
Rydsity tmodus ulk