Wind Mill (2) Home Wind Turbine: 5 Best Home Wind Turbines in 2021 - YouTube

Biomass

A windmill is great but there are some areas that are only applicable to have a windmill because
windmills rely on wind. What if the wind changes direction because of the storm and now that forest is
being chopped some are not being not replanted that will affect the oxygen of the world and create
climate change. although its have advantage and disadvantage like the solar panel unlike solar panel
windmill can be produce electric energy 24hrs a day as long as the wind is strong at the windmill is
pointing small windmill can be adjusted the direction but what about the big wind mill it is hard to
rotate that big thing but as i said the biggest disadvantage of the windmill is the how strong the wind
will be that why other energy producer still stick to the coal/gas generator and nuclear power plant the
effectiveness of their energy producer is great since it's been discover

Solar 13 Fundamental Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy -

ExploringGreenTechnology.com

first is the 13 Fundamental Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy the advantage is good and
help the owner of the solar panel and the mother nature that can reduce the pollution that other coal
and gas machine produce even the nuclear power plant it when it come to the disadvantage it's very
hard to people have solar panel is cannot work at night because solar panel need to receive sun
heat/radioactive energy. and the power it produces is not great. Unlike other electric generators it can
produce higher energy power and the material to create the solar panel can be costly that only if
limited people buy. What if every person had it the sale market will sky rocketed and the material value
will increase drastically and it cannot support all houses. There are house's that are not applicable like
rural areas or what you call a low class citizen area where poor people live.

Sustainable Agriculture

is a broad, umbrella term for growing food using methods that will also nurture society, the
environment, and the economy. It is an alternative to mainstream, industrial agriculture practices.
Sustainable farmers seek to support community health and well-being and to work with nature, while
still being profitable businesses - though farms can also be run as non-profits or recreational projects.
Sustainable farming is important because it offers a solution to the problems caused by the way most of
our food is grown today. Today’s industrial farming methods, many stemming from the Green
Revolution of the 1950s and 1960s, are depleting our natural resources through monocultures and the
overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, among other practices, while leaving people with unequal access to
food and nutrition around the world. There are several methods used in sustainable agriculture: crop
rotation, polyculture farming, permaculture, biodynamic farming, bio intensive integrated pest
management, cover crops, agroforestry and natural pest predators.
The advantages are Saving energy for the future: unlike industrial agriculture which relies on
nonrenewable energy resources, sustainable agricultural systems have reduced the need for fossil fuels
and other nonrenewable energy sources. Control of air pollution and soil erosion: since industrial
agriculture affects air quality with smoke from agricultural burning, pesticide, nitrous oxide emissions
from the use of nitrogen fertilizer, sustainable agriculture offers some ways to improve it. Such solutions
include planting windbreaks, using appropriate levels of tillage, and incorporating crop residue into the
soil. To prevent soil erosion, sustainable agriculture manages irrigation to reduce runoff, reduced tillage,
and keeps the soil covered with plants. Social equality: working in sustainable agriculture offers workers
a more competitive salary and benefits. They work in better and fair conditions and have a better quality
of life and living conditions. Reducing cost production: because the energy used in sustainable
agriculture is renewable, the need for expensive fossil fuels is eliminated, thus lowering the cost of
production. Biodiversity: a wide range of plants and animals is produced on sustainable farms, thus
creating biodiversity. Long-term use of pesticides and chemical pesticides damages soil and that’s why
plants are rotated every season which helps prevent diseases and pest infestations and enrich the soil.
Better for animals: in sustainable agriculture, animals are taken care of better and treated with respect.
Their production consists of selecting appropriate animal species, nutrition, reproduction, herd health,
and grazing management. That helps the overall long term development of livestock. Animal husbandry
is done in a way that protects animals’ health.

The disadvantages are Limited use of land: the main disadvantage is the limited use of land, which
makes it difficult to produce large quantities of food. Therefore mass production is not possible. It takes
more work: since the use of machines is minimal or eliminated, it takes more time and people to
successfully produce plants, which slows down the production. Shorter shelf life: decomposing occurs
faster in food that is produced sustainably, causing it to have a shorter shelf life. If a shipment gets
delayed, there is a big chance that it will never get to the supermarket because it will already be spoiled.
Less fertile lands: it is quite hard to increase the fertility of land just by rotating crops and without the
use of fertilizers and other chemicals. Lower-income: because the land is used sparingly, the income that
is generated from farming is very limited.

Urban Farming
Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and
distributing food in or around urban areas. It encompasses a complex and diverse mix of food
production activities, including fisheries and forestry, in many cities in both developed and developing
countries. Urban agriculture is also the term used for animal husbandry, aquaculture, urban beekeeping,
and horticulture. These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well. Peri-urban agriculture may have
different characteristics. Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social
development. It may be a social movement for sustainable communities, where organic growers,
"foodies", and "locavores" form social networks founded on a shared ethos of nature and community
holism. These networks can evolve when receiving formal institutional support, becoming integrated
into local town planning as a "transition town" movement for sustainable urban development. For
others, food security, nutrition, and income generation are key motivations for the practice. In both
scenarios, more direct access to fresh vegetables, fruits, and meat products through urban agriculture
can improve food security and food safety. The benefits of urban farming are economic benefits,
environmental benefits, social and cultural benefits, education, skill-building and job training benefits
and health, nutrition and food accessibility benefits.
The advantages are Food production: According to a study in 2017, imported food accounted for 99% of
the total food supply in Hong Kong. Nations like gulf countries and Singapore can contribute to food
production to tackle future shortages. However, the contribution seems quite small, but it’s the easiest
way to curb the food insecurity problems to some extent. Healthy Food is one of the notable advantages
of Urban Farming: City dwellers no longer have to live an instant-noodle lifestyle. Instead, they can eat
fresh and healthy food grown locally. The urban farming culture emphasizes growing food organically
without making use of chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. Locally grown food also retains
freshness vital nutrients as it doesn‘t take long to reach the market from the local farms and eventually,
to your plate. Environmental advantages of urban Farming are noteworthy: Different practices followed
in urban agriculture such as aquaponics and hydroponics promote using eco-friendly farming methods.
The systems are also suitable for urban landscaping. Urban farming also aims to maintain and support
biodiversity, improve air quality, and reduce the heating effect. In addition, reduced or no use of
herbicides and pesticides also keeps the environment healthy. Social Benefits of urban farming: Several
studies revealed that urban farming is associated with improved neighborhoods and reduced crime
rates. There is no better way than farming to bring people close. Urban agriculture encourages people
from different backgrounds to participate and strengthen social ties. As people unite for a cause, they
develop innovative visions to make the farming practice more sustainable. What is more important
about urban farming is the practice keeps the level of unity and commitment united. The social factor
plays a vital role at times of making decisions and acting in exceptional circumstances. Many also believe
that tilling the soil with hands is a relaxing activity and promotes mental health. Education, & Jobs are
commendable benefits of urban farming: Cities are full of schools, colleges, companies heeding to
environmental concerns. When people are educated about sustainable solutions, they can utilize their
skills in the right direction. Provided many countries have turned to vertical farming, programs and
projects associated with urban agriculture will help create more jobs and enhance the skills of
professionals. Encouraging participation in sustainable agriculture will be helpful in the development of
important skills that many may use in the future to generate income. In addition, the knowledge
professionals acquire today will be better used for future planning.
The disadvantages are that even though the city-dwellers can reap maximum benefits of vertical
farming, there is an expense to consider. Like everything, the pros and cons and urban agriculture are no
different. However, there are a lot of challenges concerning urban agriculture practices and potential
problems causing problems. The main disadvantages of urban farming are Insufficient Supply: There are
many challenges urban farming is going to face, and one of them is controlling food scarcity. The UN has
reported that 55% of the global population lives in urban areas speculated to grow by 68% by 2050.
According to the researchers from Sheffield University, food grown locally through urban agriculture can
only feed 15% of the population. With the number of consumers growing, the problems with urban
farming would be major roadblocks in the journey as there are limited urban farmers and less space to
practice this method. Contamination is one of the disadvantages of urban farming: Most metropolitan
cities have poor air quality, which has frequent issues with clean water supply. Urban Farmers have
fewer water resources which mean, they have to manage water supply from other sources. Finding
reliable and safe water is more challenging when the city departments already deal with the
population’s needs. Water from sources other than rain may pollute the urban farms easily, leading to
waterborne diseases. The chemical and bacterial contamination of water sources may also lead to
severe health issues. Let’s not forget that cities are major producers of garbage and sewage. Finding
contamination-free soil in urban areas is also one of the biggest challenges of urban farming. There are
always space-related problems with urban Farming: Metro cities are often condemned for lack of space.
Unfortunately, not every building is designed for urban farming with wider rooftops. Finding a perfect
location in densely populated cities is one of the common limitations of urban farming. Even though the
cities have skyscrapers, only a few can be used for agricultural use. Cost and planning come as common
challenges for builders and engineers if they plan to construct one. Setup and Maintenance Costs: Even
if you manage to find perfect space, the system setup and maintenance may bring cost disadvantages to
urban farming. The system setup requires expertise and regular maintenance. The plants are grown
under controlled conditions using mechanical and electrical supports. A small glitch and the crops will be
damaged. The failures and other natural challenges may outsize the profits. Water and Soil Shortage:
Cities seldom have healthy soil for farming, which means you‘ll have to ship it from somewhere else. As
a farmer, you’d likely prefer buying rich soil to provide adequate nutrition to the plants and produce
high yields. However, given the initial setup costs, it can be sturdy. In addition, water shortage is often a
big issue in metro cities. If a proportion of water is supplied for farming, populations may sometimes
have to deal with water shortage issues. However, this issue can be sorted through rainwater
harvesting, drip irrigation, and wastewater management.

Organic Farming

Organic farming, an agricultural system that uses ecologically based pest controls and biological
fertilizers derived largely from animal and plant wastes and nitrogen-fixing cover crops. Modern organic
farming was developed as a response to the environmental harm caused by the use of chemical
pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in conventional agriculture, and it has numerous ecological benefits.

Compared with conventional agriculture, organic farming uses fewer pesticides, reduces soil erosion,
decreases nitrate leaching into groundwater and surface water, and recycles animal wastes back into
the farm. These benefits are counterbalanced by higher food costs for consumers and generally lower
yields. Indeed, yields of organic crops have been found to be about 25 percent lower overall than
conventionally grown crops, although this can vary considerably depending upon the type of crop. The
challenge for future organic agriculture will be to maintain its environmental benefits, increase yields,
and reduce prices while meeting the challenges of climate change and an increasing world population.

The Advantages are No more genetically modified organisms (GMOs): The biggest advantage of organic
farming is that Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are not grown. This helps to save a lot of costs
and also make organic farming efficient. The risk of mutations in crops also decreases as they are not
genetically altered. Soil Protection: Organic farming gives added protection to the soil. Healthy soil is
very important for good growth of crops. Higher soil fertility means higher yield! The soils are protected
and remain healthy because chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers are avoided in the
farming process; this protects the soil and its fertility in the long run. Better nutrition: The use of organic
farming leads to production of food products that are more nutritional; consisting of higher nutritional
content as compared to products produced from conventional methods of farming. Products such as
vegetables and fruits produced through organic farming are very fresh to eat as well! The flavors and
taste of the products produced through organic farming is also substantially better and more natural.
Healthy working environment around farms: Organic farming creates a non-toxic working environment
for people working around the farm. This is because organic farming aims to stop using chemicals which
may create health problems among people working on the farm. The chemical-free farming
environment helps prevent farmers living and working around it from health problems such as altered
mental status, headaches and other respiratory conditions. Resistance to pests and diseases: The benefit
of growing plants in a healthy soil with adequate pH and nutritional status helps strengthen the immune
system of the plant. This way, plants produced from organic farming have a higher resistance against
pests and various diseases without use of pesticides or genetically modifying them. Plant resistance in
organic farming is created by natural substances such as rhubarb which gives the crop a more thickened
cell wall, making it stronger against pests and diseases. Fertilizers are made naturally and on site:
Organic farming increases the yield of crops by making fertilizers on site using natural substances which
include green manure, cover crops and application of compost. Opportunity to grow a variety of crops:
Conventional farming is limited only to producing a limited variety of crops. Organic farming has the
limitless capacity of producing a diverse variety of crops which can then be sold in the local market for a
higher price. This is because now you’re bringing a variety of crops into the local market! Climate
friendly: Organic farming is a much more climate-friendly process as it doesn’t require petroleum-based
fertilizers and chemicals. The plants produced by organic farming help to store carbon thus reducing the
greenhouse effect. Less fossil fuel is utilized as organic farming requires more work from animals and
manual labor. This way the plants also help to support the ecosystem around it and create biodiversity
in it. For the future: Organic farming doesn’t damage the soil; neither does it promote the process of
desertification. This low input and restorative process helps to preserve the land for future generations.
Sustainability is key!

The disadvantages are Lack of subsidies: Farmers practicing organic farming face a lack of subsidies
enjoyed by farmers using conventional farming methods. Therefore, they take a huge hit when bad
weather conditions damage their crops as they are not compensated accordingly. This may lead to
farmers losing their lands and even their livelihood as they are completely dependent on their lands as a
source of income. Some farmers may even shift back to environmentally-negative conventional farming
to save themselves from going under due to lack of incentives. Organic farmers may also use organic
pesticides and other organic chemicals: Farmers may get trapped into using naturally-derived chemicals.
Although these naturally-sourced chemicals are much safer than the synthetic chemicals, they do carry a
lot of health concerns and may be damaging to the environment as well (jury’s still out on how much). In
some cases, these organic chemicals contain lower concentrations as compared to synthetic ones. This
makes the farmer apply these chemicals more frequently to obtain better results. Sometimes, they apply
so frequently that it becomes toxic for the crops! It’s just like the story of ‘chicken that laid the golden
egg’. There is no confirmation about how these organic pesticides, insecticides and fungicides affect the
soil and how long they may reside in the soil as they have not been properly tested yet. May not be
Truly Organic at times.: Due to large-scale use of synthetic products in farming, organically grown
products may be grown on lands which still contain a large amount of synthetic chemicals in the soil.
This defeats the true purpose of organic farming; Produce without Chemical-use! Lack of infrastructure:
Most organic farms still operate under the ancient agricultural style but the transportation of the goods
is industrialized leading to a High carbon footprint. However, these issues remain hidden under the
banner of organic farming. Higher costs: The soil required for carrying out organic farming is more
expensive than the soil used in traditional farming methods. This means that the initial investment
required to carry out organic farming is higher. Even if the initial costs are higher, the soil with time
becomes healthier with organic farming and it is more cheap and efficient to keep the soil fertile in the
long run. Moreover, when you plan to sell the land, it would actually have a much higher value when
you claim that it’s a land free-of-chemicals and fit for organic farming. Knowledge-Intensive farming:
Most of the farmers are illiterate or lack the scientific knowledge required to carry out organic farming
and thus do not pursue organic farming. Organic farming requires vast knowledge to carry out organic
farming. Farmers need to know the chemistry and ecology of their land to carry out effective organic
farming. Farmers need to stay connected with the world to know about innovations and alternative
solutions of carrying out effective farming. They need to be constantly updated about various organic
farming techniques and approaches in order to produce the best and most efficient organic crops. More
work: More physical manpower is required to carry out organic farming. This means more labor needs
to be employed in order to control the cultivation of weeds. This may raise the overall costs of organic
farming in the long run. In some developing countries, farmers strive to have more children to have
helpers around the farm. However, with smart farming techniques and methods, the labor required for
carrying out organic farming may be reduced over time. More observations required: Organic farming
requires more intensive day-to-day monitoring of the crops being grown. This is done even more so
during the critical periods of the crops so that they can be well-grown without any pests or weeds
spoiling the crops. Monitoring is very crucial because any mistakes or bad weather conditions may ruin
the entire batch, thus making organic farming more labor-demanding and time consuming as compared
to other farming approaches. The Certification process: The process of becoming an officially certified
organic farm is very complex and filled with paperwork that most farmers are not literate enough to
understand and may choose to skip these processes and carry out farming without them. Some farmers
don’t carry out organic farming just because of this paperwork and continue with conventional farming
methods even though they are willing to pursue organic farming. Marketing is required: For any
product, marketing and promoting that product to the community is often challenging. While the
conventional farmers have their own market for their products, it’s not the same for organic farmers.
There is a very small niche market for people looking for organic food as most people are still not aware
of the benefits of organic products and the higher pricing of the organically produced crops also drives
away potential customers. This makes it even more difficult for organic farmers to compete in an
already-competitive market.

Green energy (renewable energy sources)

Our world is brimming with possibilities, composed of the most brilliant minds that humanity has to
offer. We invent new things to make our lives easier and to meet the needs of our economy. The
Philippines is a developing economy that is reliant on neighboring countries' natural resources. As a
result of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the resources we obtain are depleted, resulting in an
increase in the price of fuel. This topic is about green energy (renewable energy sources) that do not rely
on petroleum, coal, or batteries. As a result of this invention, we are on the verge of a bright future free
of pollution that contributes to climate change. To fully appreciate this invention, the inventor asserts
that the 'Electro Plasma generator' is powered by captured ambient radio waves or frequencies. It is said
to work by amplifying the gathered electromagnetic energy and then reducing it to 220V/60Hz at the
output. This is demonstrated by jacking up a Mitsubishi Pajero and removing the engine, transmission,
exhaust, and fuel system. All of these components are removed and replaced with a window-mounted
air conditioner. According to reports, the rear differential is directly coupled to a ten-horsepower ac
motor. According to reports, the front AC motor is used for power steering and the brake booster. The
transmitter coil is said to be the primary energy collector and transmits it to the receiver coil. To avoid
arcing, all of this occurs within a lead-line compartment. The rear wheel is spun in the video to
demonstrate that the battery-free system works and that the wheel speed can be regulated using a
variable frequency driver. Additionally, the engineer claims that it is powered by their own version of a
"Tesla coil," and that theirs does not require electricity because it is the source of power. The
transmitter coil is said to be the primary energy collector and transmits it to the receiver coil. To avoid
arcing, all of this occurs within a lead-line compartment. Furthermore, it was stated that the project
began in 2016 and has cost a total of P 62 million to date. Its engineering team was able to demonstrate
their invention in front of the Department of Energy and the National Electrification Administration, as
they stated. This invention contributes to our growing economy by assisting citizens in obtaining the
energy they require, particularly those living in rural areas. It may also assist a large number of farmers
in sustaining our agriculture. I believe this invention has the potential to benefit people, but the
disadvantage is that the quality of the equipment they use and the ability to analyze additional problems
cannot be determined by the inventor, Elias Delos Santos, and his fellow engineer. This, I believe, is a
first step toward producing the unlimited energy that the world possesses.
Hydroelectric

As humans evolve, we discover new ways to sustain energy, which enables us to power every location in
our country. Due to the natural resources that we receive from mother nature, we intend to create a
tool that will allow us to fully utilize the potential of the beauty within our beloved land. As a result, we
created Hydroelectric Power to supply energy to those who live outside of cities. Hydroelectric Power is
also widely accepted as a feasible solution that can be implemented immediately. We can dam rivers,
construct river barrages, and harness the energy contained in ocean waves. Due to the fact that wind
can change direction and the sun can be obscured by clouds, hydroelectric power has a constant
capacity for power generation. A dam can generate electricity only during periods of extreme drought.
In a nutshell, hydroelectricity is by far the most dependable source of renewable energy. A typical power
station will generate what amounts to free energy, and given that a hydroelectric plant can be expected
to operate for up to 100 years, a single plant could generate enough revenue to pay for itself twenty
times over. Having these advantages helps our economy grow and meets the needs of our citizens, but
you should also consider the disadvantages of hydroelectric to gain a more complete picture of the
situation. The issue with hydroelectric plants or, more precisely, those that require the damming of a
river can cause the body of water to swells and floods the surrounding area. While the majority of dams
include slipways that allow fish and other river life to pass, damming a river will always disrupt the
river's delicate ecosystem. Migratory routes are disrupted, sediment flow rates are altered, and river life
is impacted in unpredictable ways.

The issue is that the disruption frequently extends well beyond the river. Ecosystems are intricate and
interdependent, and any disruption can be disastrous. The extinction of a fish species may have an effect
on the populations of downstream species that rely on it for food. This may have a knock-on effect on
additional species, destroying the river's fragile habitat balance. Numerous miles of riverbank, including
towns, villages, and valuable habitats, will be inundated, potentially forcing the relocation of large
numbers of people.
To summarize this topic, we have limited funding when it comes to developing such infrastructure
because, as a growing country, we intend to prioritize what is most important and what should be
addressed, and we also look at the issue from a variety of angles, recognizing that we should invest not
only in hydro energy but also in solar and wind energy to maintain and supply each region in our
country.

Food preservation and processing

Food preservation includes preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms as well as
retarding the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity thus promoting longer shelf life and reduced hazard
from eating the food. Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients, by physical or chemical
means into food, or of food into other forms. Food processing is the process of transformation of raw
ingredients into food by the means of physical and chemical means. It is the process of producing raw
food ingredients into marketable food products which can be easily prepared and used by the
consumers. Examples of Food Processing include preparing space food for consumption under zero
gravity. It is easy to keep processed food for a long time, Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables, Foods
fortified with nutrients such as fiber, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. Safety is a major concern in
food processing, because packaged food can be contaminated easily and due to increase in
contamination quickly it can cause widespread illness. Food processing must be balanced with food
preservation also. Food preservation is to stop or slow down the spoilage of food, loss of quality and
edibility of food for a longer time. It involves preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi and
microorganisms from. It includes drying, refrigeration, freezing, vacuum packing etc.

Philippine Cavendish: from Mindanao to the World - YouTube

The Philippines is one of the largest exporters of Cavendish bananas in the world. It is a major industry in
Mindanao as the island produces more than 90% of total production in the country. Total investments in
this industry is estimated to be more than USD 2.2 B based on a USD investment per hectare for
development, production, logistics and marketing. As such, many depend on it as a source of
employment employing more than 200,000 workers in the production and packing of bananas.

The capacity of the Cavendish banana industry to generate investments and employment
involving small growers is high because of the strong forward and backward linkages in the
chain. While the industry is dominated largely by multinational companies, it plays an important role for
small growers who are linked with these large companies through contract growing and leasing. The
industry continues to expand production in response to increasing demand in the global market. In
2017, production area for Cavendish banana has grown to an estimated 80,000- 100,000 hectares from
71,000 in 2013 (PSA). The Davao region contributes more than 2 million MT or 62 percent of the
bananas produced in the country with Davao del Norte and Compostella Valley contributing 86 percent
of that volume. Expansion efforts continue by adding more areas in SOCCSKSARGEN, CARAGA, and
Region X in Bukidnon however it has been limited by development costs needed to fulfill the contract.
Cavendish Banana in Davao del Norte has a total planted area of 26,297 hectares making up 36.9
percent of the entire industry. Production areas are found in Panabo (28%), Sto. Tomas (25%), Tagum
(13%), and Kapalong (11%). There are six types of growers in Davao del Norte and they are the corporate
growers (leaseback), multinational growers (managed farm), corporate growers, cooperative growers,
independent growers, and individual growers (MNC-contracted). Yield in the region has stagnated at 54
MT per hectare from 2014-2016 following a big drop from 60 metric tons per hectare back in 2012
which was the result of being hit hard by Typhoon Pablo and the spread of Fusarium Wilt
continuing to affect 16,000 hectares of banana plantation.

Given its competitiveness and expansion, there are several issues in sustainability for the
Cavendish banana chain. A clamor exists to achieve a more equitable and inclusive business for small
growers and laborers particularly those engaged with large multinational companies. In the Philippines,
standards that promote environmental protection and sustainability for MNC, corporate growers,
cooperative growers include GlobalGap, ISO, and Rainforest Alliance. These are standards which are
commonly required by buyers in the Asian market. Individual growers selling to spot markets commonly
don’t have any certification. TADECO, a corporate grower (leaseback) has a Fairtrade certification for
Hired Labor and is in process of getting Fairtrade certification for SPO in preparation for direct exports.
This study examines the potential of Fairtrade certification in the Philippine Cavendish banana industry.

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