CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND

COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

SCHOOL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Instructional Module in
Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Preliminaries
I. Lesson Number
II. Lesson Title
III. Brief Introduction
of the Lesson
7
Recreation and Leisure
In this lesson, explanation on the varied views of
recreation and leisure will be discussed. Also, the factors which
promotes the growth of recreation and the challenges facing the
recreation and leisure service field in the 21st century.

IV. Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :
1. Define recreation and leisure
2. Determined the varied views of recreation and leisure
3. Describe the motivations for recreational participation
4. Explain the factors which promote the growth of recreation
5. Discuss the major types of organized recreation
6. Explain the role of sports and tourism as major recreations
service components
7. Differentiate theme parks, water parks, fun centers, and
sports tourism
8. Analyze the need for professional leadership in the recreation
field
9. Discuss the challenges facing the recreation and leisure
service field in the 21st century.

Lesson Proper
I. Getting Started
 Refer to LMS
II. Discussion

MEANING OF RECREATION AND LEISURE

The dictionary defines “recreation” as the process of giving new life to something, of
restoring something. “Leisure” is defined as the productive, creative, or contemplative
use of free time.

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Recreational activities include all kinds of sports, both team and individual, such baseball,
softball, basketball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, swimming, skiing, hiking, jogging, aerobics, and
rock climbing, which are active forms of recreation. Passive recreational activities include
reading, fishing, playing and listening to music, gardening, playing computer games, and
watching television shows or movies.
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

VARIED VIEWS OF RECREATION AND LEISURE

For some, recreation means the network of public agencies that provide parks,
playgrounds, swimming pools, sports fields, and community centers in several cities,
towns, countries, or park districts. They may view these facilities as an outlet for the
young people or a means of achieving family togetherness or pursuing interesting
hobbies, sports, or social, activities
For others, recreation may be found in a senior center, a sheltered workshop for mentally
challenged individuals, or a treatment center for physical rehabilitation. Environmentalists may
be principally concerned about the impact of outdoor forms of recreation on our natural
surroundings such as forests, mountains, rivers, and lakes which are the national heritage of a
nation. Recreation and leisure are all these things. They represent a rewarding form of human
experience and constitute an important aspect of economic development and government
responsibility. At present, the value of recreation and leisure is universally accepted.
Consequently, the government in both developed and developing countries has accepted the
responsibility of providing and assisting leisure opportunities through extensive recreation and
park systems.

RECREATIONAL PARTICIPATION
The most common notion is that it is primarily a participation in sports and games.
Recreation includes an extremely broad range of leisure activities including travel and
tourism, cultural entertainment, participation in the arts, hobbies, membership in social
clubs, or interest groups, nature-related activities such as hunting and fishing, and
attendance of parties, special events, and fitness activities.
Recreation may be enjoyed with thousands of participants or spectators or may be a
solitary experience. It may be very strenuous or may be primarily a mental activity. It
may act as a lifetime of interest and involvement or may consists of a single isolated
experience.

MOTIVATIONS FOR RECREATIONAL PARTICIPATION

Many participants take part in recreation as a form of relaxation and release from
pressures of work and other tensions. Another recreational motivation is the need to
express creativity, expose hidden talents, or pursue excellence in in various forms of
personal expression.
For some participants, active recreation offers a channel for releasing hostility and
aggression. It is also a way of struggling against the environment in adventurous and high
risk-pursuits. Others enjoy recreation because it provides them the opportunity to make
new friends or cooperate with others in group activities.

Many individuals take part in recreational activities which involve community service,
provide leadership in fraternal or religious organizations, and promote health and
physical fitness. A growing number of individuals enjoy participation in computer-based
entertainment and communication including CD-ROMs, interactive video games, and the
internet; others are deeply involved in various forms of elite culture such as music,
drama, dance, literature, and fine arts. Additional important motivations are exploring
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

new environments through travel and tourism or seeking self-discovery or personality

enrichment through continuing education or religious activity.

FACTORS PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF RECREATION

The following are the factors that help bring about the growth of recreation:
1. Increase in discretionary time – A key factor underlying the growth of recreation has
been the growth of free or discretionary time in the 20th century. Due to advanced
mechanical equipment and automated processes in factories, agriculture, and the service
fields, productive capacity increased remarkably during the second half of the 19th
century and the first half of the 20th century. In addition, more holidays and longer
vacations are now enjoyed by most employees. Because improved social security benefits
and pension plans, as well as medical advances which lead to a longer life, many
employees can now avail of 15 or more year’s full-time leisure after retirement. Another
reason is the labor-saving devices such as automatic washing machines, lawnmowers,
microwave ovens, and vacuum cleaners have greatly simplified the demands of life.

2. Influence of technology – Sophisticated technology has provided new forms of

recreation for people. Outdoor recreation uses complex and expensive devices in
activities such as skydiving, hang gliding, scuba diving, boating, roller blading, skiing, and
snowboarding. Computer dating provides a new form of social contact for single adults.
Video games offer interactive competition or exposure to new varieties of play settings
and “virtual realities”. The internet has become an important part of travel and tourism
by providing information and facilitating reservations and vacation choices. Home-based
recreation has become dependent on varied forms of electronic entertainment.

3. Public interest in health and fitness – A key trend in the 2oth century is the growth of
public interest in exercise and physical fitness programs. Many people are now concerned
about improving their health, vitality, and appearance through diet and exercise. Those
who exercise regularly look and feel better. Research showed that the most successful
fitness programs were those that provided recreational interest and satisfaction.

4. Commodification of leisure – Various forms of recreation is being developed by profit-

seeking businesses. Giant corporations have taken control of music, television, movie
businesses, sports stadiums, cruise ships, theme parks, and other leisure operations.
Many elaborate new facilities which offer varied forms of recreation are being developed
as part of the trend toward commodification. In big cities, huge public fitness centers
which includes pools, aerobics, dance rooms, and facilities for family play are being built
and often charge membership fees that costs several hundred dollars a year

5. Therapeutic recreation service – An important aspect of the growth of recreation has

been the increased awareness of the recreation needs of persons with physical, mental, or
social disabilities. In recent years, there has been an increased recognition of the need to
provide recreational programs for special populations such as mentally challenged,
mentally ill, and physically challenged. These programs use therapeutic recreation as a
form of treatment. One of the sports programs for people with disabilities that has
received much attention in recent years is the Special Olympics, an international program
of physical fitness, sports training, and athletic
competition for children and adults with mental retardation

6. New leisure roles for women – At present, there is a strong drive for women to play a
more equal role in recreational opportunities. In the past, women were barred from a
variety of athletic, outdoor recreation, cultural, and social involvements. Women were
treated as second-class citizens in leisure opportunities. With the emergence of a strong
feminist movement, this inequality was corrected. There is now a growing interest in
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

women’s tennis, golf, gymnastics, track and field, and similar events in every level of
competition. Outstanding women athletes have helped create a new image of feminine
strength, determination, and self-confidence

TYPES OF ORGANIZED RECREATION

1. Government recreation agencies – these are federal state, provincial agencies and local
departments that provide recreation and leisure services as a primary function. Also
included are other agencies that offer recreation programs as a secondary responsibility
such as those concerned with social service, education, special populations, and the
armed forces.

2. Voluntary nonprofit organizations – these are non-governmental, nonprofit agencies,

both sectarian and nonsectarian, which serve the public at large with multiservice
programs that often include a substantial element of recreational opportunity. The most
popular voluntary organizations include the Boy Scouts, GSP, YMCA, YWCA, and YM-
YWHA.

3. Private membership organizations - they provide recreational and social activities for
their own members and, in some cases, assist community recreation needs. Examples are
golf, tennis. Yacht, athletic and country clubs. Also included under this category are the
recreation sponsors connected to residence such as swimming pools, sports or fitness
complexes or clubs attached to leisure villages, and apartments or condominium units or
retirement communities.

4. Commercial recreation enterprise – these are privately owned businesses which

operate to make a profit such as ski centers, bowling alleys, nightclubs, movie houses,
theaters, health spas or fitness centers, dancing schools, and theme parks.

5. Employee recreation programs – they serve those who work for companies or
employers by providing recreation as a part of a total personnel benefits package, linked
to other services concerned with employee health and fitness.

6. Armed forces recreation – although it is obviously a form of government sponsored

activity, it is unique in its setting and purpose. Each of the major branches of the armed
forces operates an extensive network of recreation facilities program.

7. Campus recreation – it includes intramural athletic or sports clubs, social activities,

travel programs, performing arts groups, entertainment, lounges, film series, and other
forms of recreation on college and university campuses.

8. Therapeutic recreation service – these includes any type of program designed to meet
the needs of persons with physical or mental disabilities, individuals with poor health,
dependent aging persona, social deviant persons in correctional facilities, and similar
special groups.

TWO MAJOR RECREATION SERVICES COMPONENTS

In addition to the 8 types of organized recreation, sports and tourism represent major
areas of recreational programming and constitute powerful economic forces through
their attraction for people of every age and background. Uniquely, they have strong links
to each other through the growing field of sports tourism and also overlap heavily with
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

outdoor recreation attractions.

1. Sports as popular recreation

Sports are major areas of recreational involvement. Of all the types of recreational
involvement, sports command the highest degree of personal interest and emotional
involvement both for those who participate actively in them and those who are part of a
big number of fans of school, college, and professional teams.

Sports are generally defined as physical activities demanding exertion and skills,
involving competition, carried on with formal rules and general standards for
etiquette and fair play. Sports activities, in terms of both participation and
spectator involvement, represent key recreation interests for most youth and
adults. Aside from amateur, school, and college sports, there are professional
sports which have become a big business.
2. Tourism – a major recreation service component

Tourism is a second major area of diversified recreational involvement. Several

major elements in the tourism enterprise which are closely linked to the growth
of tourism as a form of recreation are the theme parks, water parks, fun centers,
and sports tourism.
THEME PARKS
Theme parks usually concentrated on one dominant theme which may be historical,
cultural, or geographical. An example of a theme park with a single theme is the marine
zoological Sea World Park. Other parks focus on multiple themes like the Great America
in California, a hundred-acre family entertainment center divided into five themes:
Hometown Square, Yukon Territory, Yankee Harbor, Country Fair and Orleans Place. The
most popular theme park is Disneyland in Anaheim, California which was built by the late
Walt Disney around the theme of Disney characters.

Theme parks create atmosphere in which the

visitor is likely to experience fantasy, glamour,
escapism, prestige, and excitement. Once inside
the gate, the visitor is completely shut off from
the outside world and immersed in an enjoyable
recreational experience.

WATER PARKS

A specialized type of theme park is water parks. They feature wave pools, slides, chutes,
shows,
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

and other forms of water-based play and entertainment. Water parks are usually part of larger
theme parks operations. For
example, Universal’s Islands of
Adventure, the Jurassic Pak
River Adventure, Bilge Rat
Barges, and the Poseidon’s Fury
offer either whirling and steep
white-water rides and sluice
falls or swirling vortexes that
spray riders thoroughly. Each
year, dozens of new parks have been opened with the latest technology.

FUN CENTERS
In heavily populated metropolitan areas, entrepreneurs have developed a variety of
indoor fun centers, ranging from children’s play, gymnastic, to family party centers, video
game arcades, and big restaurants with game area.

New children’s and family play centers have been established in many suburban
neighborhoods and shopping malls. They offer a combination of computer and video
games, billiards, miniature golf, entertainment by clowns and magicians, music, and
popular fast-food refreshments. They also offer packaged birthday parties and attractive
family play activities.

SPORTS TOURISM

The purpose of sports tourism is to participate directly in a form of sport or attend sports
events as a spectator. In the past, only the team traveled; the spectators remained behind
to read about their favorite game or to experience the game through radio and television.
Today, both the team and the spectators travel to the game tournaments and
championships attract huge audiences along with major boxing and roller skating. The
World Olympics is the biggest sports event. It attracts millions of spectators and
generates millions of dollars in revenue.
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

THE NEED FOR PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP

At present, there is a growing need for qualified professional leadership in the recreation
field. Very often, people assume that the tasks of organizing and conducting recreation
programs are relatively simple and that anyone can do it without specialized trainings.
However, the professional’s assignment in the organized recreation fields tend to be
more complex and difficult than that of the volunteer leader or coach. It must involve
carefully studied goals and objectives and sophisticated planning techniques.
Recreation professionals should possess the skills needed for direct leadership and
supervision, group dynamics, and client assessment. They must have the ability to carry
out basic research and write meaningful reports.
EMERGING PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
As employment in recreation agencies grew over the past several decades, recreation
gained public recognition as a flourishing career field. Millions of men and women
became employed in various specialized sectors of recreation and leisure services. Many
holds professional-level jobs as re recreation leaders, supervisors, planners, managers,
and resource specialist. Through the efforts of national, state, and provincial societies,
higher standards for practice were developed and the first steps of certification and
accreditation were undertaken.

CHALLENGES FACING THE RECREATION AND LEISURE SERVICE FIELD IN THE 21ST
CENTURY
Recreational professionals must be able to deal creatively with the following challenges:
1. Serve diverse society (race, age, gender)
2. Emphasize key social purposes of recreation in working with at-risk youth, serving
persons with disabilities, and promoting community development

3. Achieve fuller public understanding of the value of recreation and parks, and of the
leisure-service profession.

4. Upgrade recreation and park programs and facilities, particularly in inner cities and for
minority populations.

5. Adopt a benefits-based management approach, researching, proving and publicizing

 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

positive outcomes of recreation

6. Promote recreation’s identity as health-related field

7. Develop partnerships with environmental organizations to protect and restore wild

lands, waterways

8. Employ marketing approach to achieve fiscal sufficiency and gain public respect and
support

9. Expand and improve family-centered programs and facilities

10. Promote higher values and ethical practices in youth sports competition

11. Strive for fuller mainstreaming of persons with disabilities in community recreation
programs

12. Plan for long-term role of recreation and leisure in potentially job-scarce economy

13. Develop higher levels of professionalism through accreditation, certification, continuing

education, or program standards

14. Unify separate branches of recreation and leisure service fields (public, nonprofit,
commercial, therapeutic) in common programs and projects.

III. Application(Performance Task -40%)

Refer to LMS
IV. Assessment(Written Works-30%)
Refer to LMS
V. Reflection(Performance Task -40%)
Refer to LMS

VI. References
Yeung, M. (2021). Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality. Manila, Philippines: EDRIC
Publishing House
Cruz, Z. (2019). Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality. Manila, Philippines: REX Book
Store
Lim, R. (2017). Macro Perspective on Tourism and Hospitality. Mandaluyong City, Philippines:
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.

Prepared by:
VENUS B. FINO
Instructor

Reviewed by: Approved by:

DIANA GRACIA T. EVANGELISTA, MM,CHP JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

Program Head, School of Tourism and Hospitality Vice President of Academic Affairs External
Management
CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420