04-FMA-Health Related Regulations

Health Regulations
under FMA 1967
Safety and Health Officer

Certificate Course
1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. State the objectives of Health Regulations
under FMA 1967
2. List 5 strategies of Health Regulations

under FMA 1967
3. Explain 4 Health Regulations under FMA

1967
2 © 2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be
reproduced without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.
SCOPE
• Objectives
• Strategies
• Health Regulations
– Important Aspects
– Main Provisions
• Conclusion
HEALTH REGULATIONS
UNDER FMA 1967
OBJECTIVES
• Prevent the occurrence of diseases due to
excessive use and exposure to lead,
asbestos, mineral dust and noise
• Formulation of minimum standards to

protect workers exposure
HEALTH REGULATIONS
STRATEGIES
PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:
1. Determining exposure limits
2. Identifying and assessing level of exposure
3. Reducing exposure using:
• Engineering controls
• Administrative procedures
• Personal protective equipment
HEALTH REGULATIONS
STRATEGIES
PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:
4. Early detection of disease through health

surveillance
5. Creating awareness among workers

through training and information
HEALTH REGULATIONS
UNDER FMA 1967
• Factories and Machinery (Lead)
Regulations 1984
• Factories and Machinery (Asbestos
Process) Regulations 1986
• Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust)
Regulations 1989
• Factories and Machinery (Noise
Exposure) Regulations 1989
HEALTH REGULATIONS
UNDER FMA 1967
IMPORTANT ASPECTS
• Competent persons
• Maintenance, inspection and testing of
control equipments
• Approvals for monitoring and testing
equipments
• Approvals for Personal Protective
Equipment
FMA 1967 PROVISIONS LD AP MD N
Preliminary √ √ √ √
Permissible Exposure Limits √ √ √ √
Exposure Monitoring √ √ √ √
Compliance Methods √ √ √ √
Respiratory Protection √
Personal Protective Equipments √ Hrg
Good Housekeeping √ √ √
Hygienic Practices and Facilities √ H&D/ CR/L/
CR/L S
Medical Surveillance √ √ √ AuD
Transfer of Medical Protection √
Training and Information to Workers √ √ √ √
Warning Signages √ √ √ √
Miscellaneous P P/NS P/SC P/SC
LD-Lead; AP-Asbestos Process; MD-Mineral Dust; N-Noise; Hrg-Hearing; H&D-Handling & Disposal; CR-Changing Room;
S-Shower; L-Locker; AuD-Audiometric Test; P-Penalty; SC-Schedule Change; NS-No Smoking
HEALTH REGULATIONS
UNDER OSHA 1994
Occupational Safety and Health (Use and
Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous
to Health) 2000
Among the provisions are:
• Permissible Exposure Limits
• Actions to control exposure - engineering
controls, administrative controls, use of PPE
• Exposure monitoring
• Health surveillance
• Medical transfer protection
• Recordkeeping
FACTORIES AND MACHINERY
(ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS
1986
APPLICATION
All factories where there are asbestos

processes
except building operations and works of
engineering construction
1986
ASBESTOS PROCESS:
Manufacturing process which involves
asbestos except processes where:
 The quantity of asbestos dust produced does not
exceed the permissible exposure limit; or
 Cleaning of premise, equipment and factory

facilities
1986
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)

• PEL= 1 Fibre/ml air 8 hour
average
(LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986
APPLICATION
• All factories processes where lead is

used
• Does not apply on construction sites or
works of engineering construction
(LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)

• PEL = 150 microgramme/m3 8 hour average
• Action level = 75 µg/m³ 8 hour average
• If working hours is other than 8 hours,
PEL ( g/m3) = 1200
total working hours per day
(MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS
1989
APPLICATION
All factories where there are processes using
mineral dust
MINERAL DUST PROCESS

Manufacturing process involving use of
mineral dust
(MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
PROHIBITION
Sand blasting process shall not be used

in any factory unless with written
approval from the Chief Inspector
MINERAL DUST
Barite Graphite Perlite
Clay Gypsum Portland Cement
Coal Kaolin Potash
Corundum Kyanite Quartz
Cristobalite Limestone Soapstone
Diatomite Magnesite Talc (free of
Emery Marble asbestos fibre)
Feldspar Mica Tridymite
Garnet Mineral wool
1989
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS
Dust that contain Silica <1% Silica:
Worker exposure should not exceed the
average concentration for a duration of 8
hours:
• 5 mg/m3 air - respirable dust
• 10 mg/m3 air - total dust
1989
Dust that contain Silica <1% Silica:
Worker exposure should not exceed the
average concentration for a duration of 8
hours:
– 0.05 mg/m3 air - respirable cristobalite/ trydymite
– 0.10 mg/m3 are - respirable quartz
1989
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• If > Permissible Exposure Limits, provide:
– Clothing that covers the whole body
– Gloves, hats, shoes
– Face shield, goggle and other relevant PPE
• The employer is responsible to provide

facilities for the hygiene and disposal of
clothing and equipment
(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS
1989
BACKGROUND
• Studies were conducted in the years 1983-1990
• 302 factories; 45,974 workers
• Average 50% were at risk of hearing
impairment
• 22% actually hearing impairment
• 70% were exposed at levels > 90dBA
• Median age: 28 years old
INDUSTRIES WITH NOISE EXPOSURE
AND % WORKER RISK
• Textile factory (59.2%)
• Steel factory (54.9%)
• Chemical industry (52.9%)
• Drink manufacturing industry (52.1%)
• Factory producing mineral products (51.8%)
• Factory producing food products (49.4%)
• Factory producing steel products (48.9%)
• Palm oil mill (48.9%)
1989
APPLICATION
• All factories where workers are exposed to

excessive noise
1989
• 90 dBA for 8 hour exposure
• Limits are listed in the First Schedule
– Applicable Changing Rate - 5 dB
– Each additional 5 dB, half a dose
• Does not exceed the maximum limit of 115
dBA at any time
• Does not exceed 140 dB impulsive noise at
peak level
• Dose for action level is 0.5
1989
EXPOSURE MONITORING
Initial Monitoring
– Sampling of workers suspected of high exposure
Exposure Monitoring
Frequency (initial monitoring  action level)
– Depends on the level of exposure
• every 6 months
• every 3 months, or
• once only
Monitoring is conducted by a Competent Person
(Mineral Dust and Noise Exposure)
1989
ADDITIONAL EXPOSURE MONITORING
Required if there are any changes in:
– Production
– Processes
– Controls, or
– Workers
resulting in new or additional exposure
1989
METHODS OF COMPLIANCE
Reduce and control exposure below the PEL using:
• Engineering controls
– Ventilation, if installed, effectiveness has to be
tested
– Testing is conducted by a Competent Person
– Water spray (Mineral dust)
• Administrative controls include safe work procedures
• Use of personal protective equipments if other
controls fail to reduce exposure
1989
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Hearing/Respiratory protection is used:
– simultaneously with other forms of control
– Where other controls fail to reduce exposure to
below permissible levels
• Provision of PPE
– Approved by Chief Inspector
– Suitable to worker
– Suitable to work requirements
– Does not effect worker health
HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND
FACILITIES
LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST
EXPOSURE
• Clean floor from contaminants

• Cleaning should be using vacuum cleaner
• Use of compressed air is prohibited
(Lead and Mineral Dust Regulations)
HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND
FACILITIES
LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST
EXPOSURE
Changing Rooms, Lockers and Showers

• Lockers for daily wear
• Separate lockers for protective clothing and
respiratory equipment
• Changing rooms (asbestos process and lead only)
• Showers (asbestos process and lead only)
• Separate dining facilities from work areas (lead)
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
LEAD EXPOSURE
• If exposed > 30 days per year
• Frequency of Blood Lead test, every:
– 6 months
– 3 months if 40-60µg/100g blood
– 1 months if 60-80 µg/100g blood
– 1 months if in period of medical transfer
– 1 month for women who are able to conceive
LEAD EXPOSURE
Medical surveillance is conducted:

– Every 1 year if  40µg/100g blood
– Before being assigned to a work area where air
concentration  action level
– There are signs of symptoms of poisoning
– Every worker in the medical transfer if required
by a doctor
ASBESTOS PROCESS
• Workers working in an area where there is

asbestos exposure, whether continuous or
intermittent
• In the period of 30 days from the first day
of work
• Frequency
– Not exceeding 2 years
MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE
If exposed > action level

• Frequency of testing:
 Every 2 years
Exposed worker > action level
 Every year
Workers experiencing early signs of
pneumoconiosis
NOISE EXPOSURE
Audiometric Testing Programme
• If exposure > action level
• Frequency of testing:
 Every year
 if worker exposure > Permissible exposure limit
 If basic audiometric tests show loss of hearing
 If annual test shows Standard Threshold Shift
 Every 2 years
 Worker exposure is at action level < Permissible
exposure limit
MEDICAL REMOVAL
LEAD EXPOSURE
• Worker should be
removed/transferred
– If blood lead tests show
•  80µg/100g blood
• average 3 latest tests  73µg/100g blood
•  40µg/100g blood for women who are able
to conceive, or
– Health of the worker may be affected
based on results/medical opinion
MEDICAL REMOVAL
ASBESTOS PROCESS
• Worker should be removed/

transferred if results or medical
opinion shows any early indications
of asbestos related diseases
TRAINING & INFORMATION
• Training programme at least once every
two years for workers  action level
• Contents of training
– Rules and worker rights
– Operational circumstances that may cause high
concentrations
– Purpose, selection, application and limitations of
PPE
– Brief on the purpose of medical surveillance and
monitoring programme including its implications
on health
WARNING SIGNAGES
Example
WARNING!!
LEAD IN WORK AREA
POISON
NO EATING OR SMOKING
RECORDKEEPING
• Monitoring records
– As long as the worker is in service – asbestos,
mineral dust, noise exposures
– 2 years – lead exposure
• Medical surveillance records
– As long as the worker is in service – lead,
asbestos exposures
– 5 years – noise exposure
– 25 years – mineral dust
Records are kept by employer/doctor
• Medical removal records
– As long as the worker is in service – lead
MISCELLANEOUS
Penalties for Offences
Upon conviction, fine not
exceeding
– RM 1,000
(noise, mineral dust)
– RM2,000
(lead, asbestos)
CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES
• Prevent the occurrence of diseases due
to use and excessive exposure to lead,
asbestos, mineral dust and noise
• Formulate a minimum standards to
protect workers from hazardous
exposures while at work

04-FMA-Health Related Regulations

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04-FMA-Health Related Regulations

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Health Regulations

under FMA 1967

Safety and Health Officer

2. List 5 strategies of Health Regulations

3. Explain 4 Health Regulations under FMA

• Formulation of minimum standards to

4. Early detection of disease through health

5. Creating awareness among workers

All factories where there are asbestos

 Cleaning of premise, equipment and factory

Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)

• All factories processes where lead is

Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)

MINERAL DUST PROCESS

Sand blasting process shall not be used

• The employer is responsible to provide

• All factories where workers are exposed to

• Clean floor from contaminants

Changing Rooms, Lockers and Showers

Medical surveillance is conducted:

• Workers working in an area where there is

If exposed > action level

• Worker should be removed/

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