Name of the Classification Uses Adverse reaction Preparations. Antidotes.

drug
MORPHINE Pharmacologic class: treat the chest pain CNS: confusion, the standard dosage of  The narcotic antagonist
Opioid agonist Therapeutic associated with AMI. It sedation, dizziness, morphine sulfate is 1 to naloxone (Narcan) may be
class: Opioid analgesic also is indicated for dysphoria, euphoria, 4 mg IV over 1 to 5 ordered to reverse the
Narcotic analgesic acute cardiogenic floating feeling, minutes, repeated every 5 action of morphine if
pulmonary edema. hallucinations, to 30 minutes until chest adverse effects pose a
Morphine relieves pain, headache, nightmares pain is relieved. Because significant risk to the
dilates venous vessels, CV: hypotension, respiratory depression and patient. The dose is 0.4 to
and reduces the bradycardia EENT: hypotension are common 2 mg every 2 minutes as
workload on the heart. blurred vision, adverse effects, the drug indicated
diplopia, miosis GI: must be administered NALOXONE (NARCAN)
nausea, vomiting, slowly and carefully
constipation, dry titrated to achieve the
mouth GU: urinary desired therapeutic effects.
retention Respiratory:
apnea, respiratory
depression, For best response, give at
respiratory arrest pain onset.
Skin: flushing, ● Give oral form with food
itching, sweating or milk to minimize GI
Other: physical or upset.
psychological drug ● If desired, crush
dependence, drug immediate-release form and
tolerance mix with food or fluids.
● Don’t crush or break
extendedrelease form;
remind patient to swallow it
whole.
● If desired, open
sustained-release capsules
(Kadian) and sprinkle

ASPIRIN is known as a salicylate and
a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID)
entire contents onto small
amount of food (such as
applesauce). Have patient
consume mixture
immediately without
chewing, crushing, or
dissolving pellets.
● When giving by direct
I.V., dilute in at least 5 ml
of sterile water for injection
or normal saline solution.
Give 2.5 to 10 mg over 4 to
5 minutes.
● For continuous I.V.
infusion, use infusion pump
or PCA pump. Titrate
dosage to provide adequate
pain relief.
● Don’t use parenteral form
if it’s cloudy or contains
visible particulates.
Aspirin is one of the best severe nausea, Take this medication  Activated charcoa;
drugs available for the vomiting, or stomach by mouth. Drink a full glass  Sodium
emergency treatment of a pain; bloody or tarry of water (8 ounces/240 bicarbonate with
heart attack: Aspirin is stools, coughing up milliliters) with it unless potassium, given by
an anti-platelet agent; it blood or vomit that your doctor tells you vein
interferes with the looks like coffee otherwise. Do not lie down  Sometimes
clotting process and may grounds; fever lasting for at least 10 minutes after hemodialysis
be safely given with longer than 3 days; you have taken this drug.
other blood thinning or. swelling, or pain If stomach upset occurs Activated charcoal is
agents (clopidogrel, lasting longer than 10 while you are taking this given as soon as possible
warfarin) in an days. medication, you may take it and
emergency during a with food or milk.
suspected heart attack.
Swallow enteric-coated
tablets whole. Do not crush
or chew enteric-coated
tablets. Doing so can
increase stomach upset.
Do not crush or chew
extended-release tablets or
capsules. Doing so can
release all of the drug at
once, increasing the risk of
side effects. Also, do not
split extended-release tablets
unless they have a score line
and your doctor or
pharmacist tells you to do so.
Swallow the whole or split
tablet without crushing or
chewing.
reduces aspirin absorption.
For moderate or severe
poisoning, fluids
containing sodium
bicarbonate are given by
vein. Unless there is
kidney damage, potassium
is added to the fluid. This
mixture
moves aspirin from the
bloodstream into the
urine. If the person’s
condition is worsening
despite other
treatments, hemodialysis (
which uses an artificial
kidney [dialyzer] to filter
the poisons) can
remove aspirin, other
salicylates, and acids from
the blood. Other
symptoms such as fever or
seizures are treated as
necessary.