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  • Cpe Common Diagnoses 6-4-2021

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    Shubham Harish
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    This document provides an appendix of common diagnoses for cattle and sheep at the entry veterinary level. For cattle, it lists common diagnoses categorized by body system, including alimentary, cardiovascular, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, reproductive, respiratory, and urinary. Examples of common diagnoses provided include abomasal ulceration, anemia, cellulitis, arthritis, hypocalcemia, mastitis, pneumonia, and cystitis. For sheep, it similarly categorizes and lists common diagnoses such as caseous lymphadenitis, copper toxicity, coccidiosis, foot rot, arthritis, and dermatophilosis.

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    Cpe common diagnosis for 2021

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    This document provides an appendix of common diagnoses for cattle and sheep at the entry veterinary level. For cattle, it lists common diagnoses categorized by body system, including alimentary, cardiovascular, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, reproductive, respiratory, and urinary. Examples of common diagnoses provided include abomasal ulceration, anemia, cellulitis, arthritis, hypocalcemia, mastitis, pneumonia, and cystitis. For sheep, it similarly categorizes and lists common diagnoses such as caseous lymphadenitis, copper toxicity, coccidiosis, foot rot, arthritis, and dermatophilosis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    68 views9 pages

    Cpe Common Diagnoses 6-4-2021

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Harish
    This document provides an appendix of common diagnoses for cattle and sheep at the entry veterinary level. For cattle, it lists common diagnoses categorized by body system, including alimentary, cardiovascular, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, reproductive, respiratory, and urinary. Examples of common diagnoses provided include abomasal ulceration, anemia, cellulitis, arthritis, hypocalcemia, mastitis, pneumonia, and cystitis. For sheep, it similarly categorizes and lists common diagnoses such as caseous lymphadenitis, copper toxicity, coccidiosis, foot rot, arthritis, and dermatophilosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 9

    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    APPENDIX OF COMMON DIAGNOSES

    CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1— CATTLE—PAGE 1—


    CATTLE—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Allergy (milk/idiopathic) • Abomasal ulceration • Anemia • Cellulitis • Arthritis
    • Anaphylaxis • Abomasal volvulus or • Bacterial endocarditis • Dermatophilosis • Blackleg
    • Bovine viral displacement • Cardiac arrhythmia • Fly infestation (face, • "Downer cow syndrome"
    diarrhea/mucosal disease • Actinomycosis (lumpy • Failure of passive transfer horn) • Flexural limb deformities
    • Electrocution (eg, jaw) of immunoglobins • Frostbite (including arthrogryposis)
    lightening) • Acute carbohydrate • Congenital cardiac defects • Mange (Chorioptes) • Fractures
    • Enzootic bovine leukosis engorgment (rumen • Congestive heart failure • Myiasis (including • Digital dermatitis
    • Hypocalcemia overload) • Omphalophlebitis warbles) • Disorders of claw growth
    • Hypomagnesemia • Atresia coli omphalitis • Papillomatosis • Infectious pododermatitis
    • Ketosis/pregnancy • Bovine papular stomatitis • Thrombophlebitis • Pediculosis • Interdigital fibroma
    toxaemia • Bovine virus diarrhea • Traumatic pericarditis • Ringworm • Laminitis
    • Leptospirosis • Cecal displacement or • Anaplasmosis • Photosensitization • Luxations and
    • Malnutrition volvulus • Lymphosarcoma • Foot rot subluxations
    • Septicemia (including • Coccidiosis • Malignant edema
    Hemophilus, E. coli • Esophageal obstruction • Nutritional
    infection) • Fatty liver myodegeneration
    • Shock (hypovolemic, • Gastrointestinal parasitism • Obstetrical paralysis
    toxic, cardiogenic) • Malignant catarrhal fever • Osteomyelitis
    • BVDV infection • Neonatal diarrhea • Periodic spasticity
    (Coronavirus, • Stable foot rot
    Cryptosporidium, E coli, • Sole abscess or ulcer
    nutritional, Rotavirus) • Tarsal/carpal cellulitis
    • Oral necrobacillosis • Stifle injury
    • Paratuberculosis
    • Ruminal tympany
    • Simple indigestion
    • Winter dysentery
    • Vagal syndrome
    • Ruminal acidosis

    1
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    CATTLE—PAGE 2—CATTLE—PAGE 2— CATTLE—PAGE 2—CATTLE—PAGE 2— CATTLE—PAGE 2—CATTLE—PAGE 2— CATTLE—PAGE 2—


    CATTLE—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Cerebellar hypoplasia • Hernia (inguinal/scrotal, • Abortion/stillbirths • Aspiration pneumonia • Infectious • Contagious bovine
    • Cerebral hypoxia umbilical) • Anestrus • Bronchopneumonia keratoconjunctivitis pyelonephritis
    • Lead toxicity • Peritonitis • Cystic ovarian • Calf diphtheria • Ocular squamous cell • Urolithiasis and associated
    • Listerosis • Traumatic degeneration • Enzootic pneumonia of carcinoma ruptures
    • Meningo-encephalitis reticuloperitonitis • Dystocia (fetal, maternal) calves • Ear ticks • Cystitis
    • Polioenceph-alomalacia • Abscess • Freemartinism • Interstitial pneumonia • Corneal ulcer
    • Tetanus • Macerated fetus • Lung abscessation • Foreign body
    • Mastitis • Undifferentiated bovine
    • Metritis, endometritis, respiratory disease
    pyometria (including BRSV, P13,
    • Mummified fetus IBR, and early bacterial)
    • Retained fetal membranes • Verminous pneumonia
    • Teat, supernumerary-web-
    anomalies
    • Udder edema
    • Udder dermatitis or
    ulceration
    • Uterine perforation or
    rupture
    • Vaginitis
    (traumatic/infectious)
    • Infertility
    • Cervical/uterine prolapse
    • Preputial injury

    2
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP— SHEEP
    SHEEP—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Anaphylaxis • Acute carbohydrate • Anemia • Cellulitis • Arthritis
    • Caseous lymphadenitis engorgement • Congenital cardiac defects • Contagious ecthyma • Clostridial myositis
    • Copper toxicity • Clostridial enterotoxemia • Failure of passive transfer • Dermatophilosis • Flexural limb deformities
    • Hypocalcemia • Coccidiosis • Cardiac arrhythmia • Ked infestation (including arthrogryposis)
    • Maedi Visna (OPP) • Dental attrition • Thrombopheblitis • Mange (Chorioptes) • Food abscess
    • Malnutrition • Gastrointestinal parasitism • Omphalophlebitis • Myiasis • Foot rot (contagious)
    • Pregnancy toxaemia • Neonatal diarrhea (E.coli, • Pediculosis • Foot scald
    • Septicemia (including Cryptosporidium, • Dermatitis • Fractures
    Pasteurella) Rotavirus) • Ringworm • Nutritional
    • Shock (hypovolemic, • Paratuberculosis • Footrot myodegeneration
    toxic, cardiogenic) • Periodontal disease • Osteomyelitis
    • Malnutrition • Abomasal emptying defect • Disorders of claw growth
    • BVDV infection • Abomasal ulcer
    • Luxations
    • Peritonitis
    • Subluxations
    • Obstetrical paralysis

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Cerebral hypoxia • Peritonitis • Abortion/stillbirths • Bronchopneumonia • Entropion • Urolithiasis
    • Listeriosis • Hernia (inguinal/scrotal, (Toxoplasma, • Enzootic pneumonia of • Infectious • Cystitis
    • Polioencephalomalacia umbilical) Campylobacter, Coxiella, lambs keratoconjunctivitis
    Chlamydia)
    • Tetanus • Abscess • Oestrus ovis • Ear ticks
    • Dystocia (fetal, maternal) • Verminous pneumonia
    • Trauma • Freemartinism • Corneal ulcer
    • Pneumonia
    • Fracture • Mastitis • Foreign body
    • Abscess • Metritis/endometritis
    • Myeloencephalitis • Orchitis
    • Retained fetal membranes
    • Discospondylitis
    • Ulcerative balanoposthitis
    • Congenital abnormalities
    • Teat abnormalities

    3
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS— GOATS—
    GOATS—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Anaphylaxis • Acute carbohydrate • Anemia • Cellulitis • Arthritis
    • Caprine engorgment (rumen • Congenital cardiac defects • Contagious ecthyma • Fractures
    arthritis/encephalitis overload) • Mange (Chorioptes) • Flexural limb deformities
    • Caseous lymphadentits • Clostridial enterotoxemia • Failure of passive transfer • Pediculosis (including arthrogryposis)
    • Hypocalcemia • Coccidiosis • Cardiac arrhythmia • Staphylococcal dermatitis • Nutritional
    • Malnutrition • Gastrointestinal parasitism • Thrombopheblitis • Dermatophilosis myodegeneration
    • Pregnancy toxemia/ketosis • Neonatal diarrhea • Osteomyelitis
    • Septicemia • Paratuberculosis • Omphalophlebitis • Myiasis • Fractures
    • Shock (hypovolemic, • Abomasal ulcer • Dermatitis • Foot rot
    toxic, cardiogenic) • Peritonitis • Ringworm
    • Foot abscess
    • Malnutrition • Footrot
    • Disorders of claw growth
    • Luxations
    • Subluxations
    • Obstetrical paralysis
    •

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Cerebral hypoxia • Peritonitis • Abortion/stillbirths • Bronchopneumonia • Infectious • Urolithiasis
    • Listeriosis • Hernia (inguinal/scrotal, (Toxoplasma, Coxiella, • Enzootic pneumonia keratoconjunctivitis • Cystitis
    • Polioencephalomalacia umbilical) Chlamydia) • Verminous pneumonia • Ear ticks
    • Tetanus • Dystocia • Pneumonia • Corneal ulcer
    • Intersex-freemartinism
    • Trauma • Mastitis • Foreign body
    • Fracture • Metritis/endometritis
    • Abscess • Orchitis
    • Myeloencephalitis • Retained fetal membranes
    • Discospondylitis • Teat abnormalities
    • Congenital abnormalities

    4
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1— HORSES—PAGE 1—


    HORSES—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Anaphylaxis • Abnormalities of dentition • Abscessation of lymph • Hirsutism/pituitary • Aural plaques • Angular limb deformities
    • Endotoxemia (dental fractures, retained nodes adenoma • Burns • Arthritis (septic,
    • Malnutrition deciduous cap, sharp • Anemia • Cellulitis traumatic, degenerative)
    • Septicemia cheek teeth, tooth root • Cardiac arrhythmia (atrial • Dermatitis, including • Bucked shins (stress
    • Shock (hypovolemic, abscess, wolf teeth) fibrillation, premature scratches fractures)
    toxic, cardiogenic) • Periodontal disease systole, 2nd degree AV • Dermatophilosis • Developmental bone
    • Colic (medical vs. block) • Exuberant granulation disease (osteochondrosis,
    surgical) • Failure of passive transfer tissue subchondral bone cysts,
    • Colitis (including that of immunoglobulins • Galls (girth, saddle) physitis)
    caused by Potomac Horse • Lymphangitis • Insect hypersensitivity • Flexural limb deformities
    Fever, salmonellosis) • Mesenteric arteritis • Mange • Fractures
    • Esophageal foreign body (Strongylus) • Melanoma • Hoof abnormalities (overt
    (choke/perforation) • Neonatal isoerythrolysis • Papillomatosis abnormalities of hoof
    • Gastrointestinal parasitism • Thrombophlebitis • Pediculosis growth and wear, heel
    (Gasterophilus spp. • Valvular insufficiency • Ringworm contraction, penetrating
    infection, large small • Murmers • Sarcoid wounds of the foot, foot
    stronglyes, roundworms abscess, quarter cracks,
    [ascariasis], tapeworms) • Urticaria seedy toe, thrush)
    • Trauma
    • Meconium inpaction, • Laminitis
    • Non-steroidal anti- • Allergies • Myodegeneration
    inflammatory drug (nutritional, exertional)
    toxicity • Navicular disease
    • Rectal perforation • Osteomyelitis
    • Diarrhea • Tendonitis
    • Ulceration • Suspensory desmitis
    • Splint bone
    exostoses/fractures
    • Tendon/muscle
    laceration/rupture
    • Tendonitis (deep and
    superficial flexor)
    • Upward fixation of the
    patella/patellar luxation
    • Myositis
    • Trauma

    5
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—HORSES—PAGE 2—


    HORSES—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Meningoencephalomyelitis • Hernia (inguinal/scrotal, • Abortion (Herpes virus, • Abnormalities or • Cataract • Uroperitoneum
    (protozoal, Herpes virus, umbilical) idiopathic) obstructions of the upper • Conjunctivitis • Patent urachus
    other viral, Eastern, Western, • Peritonitis • Balanoposthitis airway (aryepiglottic • Corneal ulceration, • Cystitis
    Venezuelan) • Cryptorchidism entrapment, dorsal trauma, or perforation • Impacted smegma
    • Neonatal maladjustment • Dystocia (common causes) displacement of the soft • Entropion • Renal failure
    syndrome • Mastitis palate, laryngeal • Keratitis • Urolithiasis
    • Rabies • Metritis/endometritis hemiplegia, pharyngitis- • Obstructed nasolacrimal
    • Tetanus • Perineal laceration- lymphoid hyperplasia duct
    • Trauma (CNS, peripheral rectovaginal fistula • Small airway • Periorbital
    nerves: radial, facial, • Persistent disease/chronic obstructive trauma/lacerations
    suprascapular paralysis) hymen/mucometra pulmonary disease • Uveitis
    • Wobbler syndrome (cervical • Retained fetal membranes • Exercise-induced • Ear ticks or mites
    vertebral instability- • Twinning pulmonary hemorrhage
    malformation- • Pneumonia, pleuritis or
    • Udder edema
    malarticulation) lung abscess (including
    • Uterine artery rupture that caused by infection
    • Uterine perforation/rupture with Streptococcus,
    • Infertility Rhodococcus, E.coli,
    • Pneumovagina anerobic bacteria)
    • Urine pooling • Sinusitis
    • Upper respiratory tract
    infection (Herpes virus,
    influenza, strangles)
    • Gutteral pouch infection or
    impaction

    6
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    DOGS—PAGE 1—DOGS—PAGE 1— DOGS—PAGE 1—DOGS—PAGE 1— DOGS—PAGE 1—DOGS—PAGE 1— DOGS—PAGE 1—DOGS—PAGE 1—


    DOGS—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Anaphylaxis • Acute gastritis • Anemia (including • Primary hypothyroidism • Allergic skin disease • Degenerative joint disease
    • Distemper • Acute pancreatitis secondary to chronic renal • Diabetes mellitus • Anal sac disease • Developmental anomalies
    • Hyperadrenocorticism
    • Hypoadrenocorticism
    • Eclampsia • Colitis disease) • Cellulitis (osteochondritis dessicans,
    • Infectious hepatitis • Foreign body (gastric, • Cardiac arrhythmia (atrial • Dermatitis, bacterial hypertrophic
    • Malnutrition intestinal, oral, linear) fibrillation, premature • Eczema osteodystrophy, elbow
    • Obesity • Gastric dilation and systole, 2nd degree AV • Endocrine alopecia dysplasia, panosteities)
    • Septicemia volvulus block) • Fleas • Fractures
    • Shock (hypovolemic, toxic, • Gastric dilation • Chronic valvular heart • 'Hot-spot' • Hip luxation
    cardiogenic) • Infectious agents disease (endocardiosis) • Juvenile pyoderma • Ligament, muscle or
    • Ascites (Ascarids, Coronavirus, • Congestive heart failure • Mange tendon injuries (sprains,
    Giardiasis, Hookworms, • Dilated cardiomyopathy • Psychomotor-behavioral strains)
    • Heartworm disease
    Isospora, Parvovirus, • Hemangiosarcoma problems affecting • Luxating patellae
    Tapeworms, • Immune mediated integument • Osteomyelitis
    Whipworms) hemolytic anemia • Ringworm • Primary bone tumour
    • Gastrointestinal • Lymphosarcoma • Seborrhea • Rupture of cranial cruciate
    obstruction including • Thrombocytopenia • Skin fold pyoderma ligament
    intussusception, linear (including immune
    • Skin tumor
    foreign body mediated)
    • Urticaria-angioedema
    • Oral (carnasal disease, • Vitamin K antagonist
    • Dermatitis flea allergy
    fractured teeth, oral toxicity
    neoplasia, periodontal • Atopy
    • PDA
    disease, retained
    primary teeth) • Pulmonic stenosis
    • Diarrhea • Subaortic stenosis
    • Vomiting • Pericardial effusison
    • Peritoneopericardial
    diaphragmatic hernia

    7
    CLINICAL PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION Appendix of Common Diagnoses

    DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2— DOGS—PAGE 2


    DOGS—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Degenerative myelopathy • Hernia (diaphragmatic, • Abortion/stillbirths • Brachycephalic syndrome • Cataracts • Acute or chronic renal
    • Epilepsy umbilical, perineal) • Cryptorchidism • Kennel cough • Conjunctivitis failure
    • Geriatric vestibular disease • Peritonitis • Dystocia (fetal, maternal) • Metastatic neoplasia • Corneal ulcer-perforation • Bacterial cystitis
    • Idiopathic • Mammary neoplasia • Pneumothorax • Ectropion/entropion • Benign hypertrophy of
    polyradiculoneuritis • Mastitis • Rhinitis • Exposure keratitis prostate
    • Intervertebral disc disease • Metritis/pyometra • Tracheal collapse • Eyelid tumour • Nephropathy (ethylene
    • Trauma (cranial, spinal, • Pseudopregnancy • Pneumonia • Glaucoma glycol poisoning)
    peripheral)
    • Cannabinoid Toxicosis • Transitional Cell Carcinoma
    • Vaginitis • Trauma • Keratoconjunctivitis sicca • Trauma of urinary bladder
    • Prostatic diseases • Otitis externa, media • Urinary incontinence
    • Testicular neoplasia • Pannus • Urolithiasis
    • Prolapsed gland of third
    eyelid (“Cherry Eye”)
    • Uveitis

    8
    CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS— CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—CATS—
    CATS—COMMON DIAGNOSES (Entry level)

    WHOLE BODY/ ALIMENTARY CARDIOVASCULAR/ ENDOCRINE INTEGUMENTARY MUSCOLOSKELETAL/


    MULTISYSTEMIC HEMOLYMPHATIC LOCOMOTORY
    • Anaphylaxis • Acute gastritis • Anemia (including • Diabetes mellitus • Allergic skin disease • Fractures
    • Hip luxation
    • Feline infectious peritonitis • Eosinophilic granuloma secondary to renal disease) • Hyperthyroidism • Cellulitis • Intervertebral Disc Disease
    • Malnutrition complex • Cardiac arrhythmia • Abscesses • Osteomyelitis
    • Obesity • Foreign body (linear, • Feline immunodeficiency • Chin acne • Trauma
    • Septicemia intestinal) virus • Eczema
    • Shock (hypovolemic, toxic, • Gingivitis/stomatitis • Feline leukemia virus • Eosinophilic granuloma
    cardiogenic) • Hairballs • Hypertorphic or dilated complex
    • Toxoplasmosis • Hepatic lipidosis cardiomyopathy, • Fleas
    • Ascites • Infectious agents • Thromboembolic disease • Mange
    (Ascarids, Coronavirus, • Neoplasia • Psychomotor alopecia
    Giardiasis, Isospora, • Hemobartonellosis • Ringworm
    Tapeworms, • Pericardial effusison • Seborrhea
    • Peritoneopericardial • Squamous cell carcinoma
    4

    Parvovirus)
    3
    1
    1

    • Oral (fractured teeth, diaphragmatic hernia • Dermatophytosis


    odontoclastic resorptive • Dermatitis: miliary, flea
    lesions [caries],
    allergy
    periodontal disease, oral
    neoplasia)
    • Diarrhea
    • Vomiting
    • Gastrointestinal
    obstruction including
    intussusception,
    including linear foreign
    body

    NERVOUS PERITONEUM/ REPRODUCTIVE/ RESPIRATORY SPECIAL SENSES URINARY


    PLEURA MAMMARY
    • Avulsion of tail • Peritonitis • Abortion/stillbirths • Asthma • Conjunctivitis • Acute/chronic renal failure
    • Idiopathic vestibular • Cryptorchidism • Chronic sinusitis/rhinitis • Corneal ulcer/perforation • Lower urinary tract
    syndrome • Dystocia (fetal, maternal) • Upper respiratory tract • Otitis externa (including disease
    • Trauma (cranial, spinal) • Mammary neoplasia disease (Herpes virus, Otodectes) • Urolithiasis
    • Seizures • Pyometra Calicivirus, Chlamydia, • Uveitis • Behaviour/spraying
    • Vaginitis Mycoplasma) • Feline urinary syndrome
    • Pneumothorax
    • Pneumonia
    • Neoplasia

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