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Impotance of Fishery in Indian Economy
Impotance of Fishery in Indian Economy
Fishery is a kind of industry which is concerned with the catching, processing or selling of fish,
shellfish (molluscs, each has a shell in two halves, used for food, e.g., mussels, oysters, etc.) and
crustaceans.
Types of Breeding
According to the mode of breeding there are two categories, natural breeding and induced
breeding.
(i) Natural Breeding (Bundh breeding): The natural bundhs are special types of ponds where
natural water resource conditions are managed for the breeding of culturable fish. These bundhs
are constructed in large low-lying areas to accumulate large quantity of rain water. These bundhs
are having an outlet for the exit of excess rain water.
(ii) Induced Breeding: In artificial method of fertilization ova from the females and the sperms
from the males are taken out by artificial mechanical process and the eggs are got fertilized by
the sperms. Different methods are used for induced breeding. Here induced breeding by
hormones method is briefly described. The gonadotropin hormone (FSH and LH) secreted by
pituitary gland influences the maturation of gonads and spawning in fishes. In India, Khan
(1938) successfully induced Cirrhinus mrigala to spawn by injecting mammalian pituitary
hormone.
(iii) Composite Fish Farming:
It is found that if few selected species of fish are stocked together in proper proportion in a pond,
total production of fish is increased many times. This mixed farming is called composite
farming. It has some advantage-compatible species do not harm each other, all available areas
are fully utilised, no competition among different species is found and fish may have beneficial
effect on each other. Catla catla, Labeo-rohita and Cirrhina mrigala are surface feeder, column
feeder and bottom feeder respectively and are used for composite farming.
Marine Fisheries:
Marine fishery deals with the fishery aspects of the sea water or ocean.
Important Edible Marine Fish of India
1. Bombay duck 7. Mackerel (Rastrelliger)
(Harpodon sp)
2. Eel (Anguilla sp) 8. Flying Fish (Exocoetus)
3. Hilsa (Hilsa) 9. Ribbon Fish (Trichiurus)
4. Pomfret (Stromateus) 10. Tuna (Thunnus)
5. Salmon 11. Seer Fish
(Aluitheronema) (Scomberomorus)
6. Sardine (Sardinella)
Hilsa migrates from the sea to the river for breeding. Dr. Hora studied the migration of Hilsa.