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General Physics 1
Quarter 1 - Module 4

1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion

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General Physics 1 – Grade 12
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Quarter 1 Module 4: 1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion
First Edition, 2020

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General Physics 1
Quarter 1 - Module 4:
1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About.................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know..........................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module.......................................................................................... i
Icons of this Module...........................................................................................................ii
What I Know..................................................................................................................... .iii

Lesson 1: One Dimensional Uniformly Accelerated Motion

What’s In....................................................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................1
What Is It....................................................................................................................... 1
What’s More: Solving One Dimensional Uniformly Accelerated Motion.........................5
What’s New: Aristotle or Galileo?..................................................................................6
What Is It....................................................................................................................... 7
What’s More: Solving Free Fall Problems.....................................................................10
What I Have Learned: Create Your Own Problems.......................................................11

Summary......................................................................................................................... 11
Assessment: (Post-Test)................................................................................................. 12
Key to Answers................................................................................................................ 14
References …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
 Module 4
1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion
What This Module is About
Motion in one dimension or straight line is the basic component of all motion.
In this module, we will describe the motion of objects moving in a straight line that
has uniform acceleration. We will be using the four kinematic equations which are
derived from the equations we used in Module 3.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration
in one dimension into a mathematical description (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib12)
2. Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly
accelerated motion, including free fall motion (STEM_GP12KINIb-17)
3. Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in
contexts such as, but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket
launch, and freefall problems (STEM_GP12KINIb-19)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the learning competencies cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

i
Icons of this Module

ii
 What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Directions: Read and understand each item and choose
the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your answer sheet. One point
for each item.
1. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a steady 6.00 m/s2. How far does it travel in the
first 3.00 s?
A. 9.00 m B. 18.0 m C. 27.0 m D. 36.0 m

2. An object is moving in a straight line with constant acceleration. Initially it is traveling at

16 m/s. Three seconds later it is traveling at 10 m/s. How far does it move during this
time?
A. 30 m B. 39 m C. 48 m D. 57 m

3. A car increases its forward velocity uniformly from 40 m/s to 80 m/s while traveling a
distance of 200 m. What is its acceleration during this time?
A. 8.0 m/s2 B. 9.6 m/s2 C. 12 m/s2 D. 24 m/s2

4. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity?

A.- 9.8 m/s B. 9.8 m/s C. - 9.8 m/s2 D. 9.8 m/s2

5. A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are dropped from the same height and experience no
significant air resistance. If the 20-kg rock reaches the ground at time T, what time will it
take the 10-kg rock to reach the ground?
A. 4T B. 2T C. T D. T/2

6. A ball is thrown vertically upward. What is its velocity at the highest point of its path?
A. 0 m/s B. 5 m/s C. 10 m/s D. 15 m/s2

7. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of a free-falling object? A free-falling
object_____.
A. falls with a constant speed of -10 m/s.
B. falls with an acceleration of -10 m/s/s.
C. falls under the sole influence of gravity.
D. falls with downward acceleration which has a constant magnitude.

8. A ball is thrown downward from the top of a building with an initial speed of 25 m/s. It
strikes the ground after 2.0 s. How high is the building, assuming negligible air
resistance?
A. 20 m B. 30 m C. 50 m D. 70 m

9. Ten seconds after being dropped from rest, a free-falling object will be moving with what
speed?
A.  about 10 m/s. B. about 50 m/s. C. about 100 m/s. D. more than 100 m/s.
10. Two balls with the same initial speed are thrown from the roof of a building, one is thrown
up, and the other is down. Compare the speeds of the balls just before they hit the
ground.
A. The ball thrown up moves faster because the initial velocity is up.
B. The ball thrown down moves faster because the initial velocity is down.
C. Both balls move with the same speed.
D. The ball thrown up moves faster because it has greater acceleration.
For numbers 11 and 12, refer to the situation below.
iii
A ball is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 24.25 m/s so that it reaches a
maximum height of 30 m.

11. How long did it take the ball to go up?

A. 0.4 s B. 0.8 s C 1.5 s D. 2.5 s

12. How fast was it going when it was 10 m high from the ground?
A.10.7 m/s B. 12.3 m/s C.14.1 s D. 19.
13. A ball is thrown downward from the top of a building with an initial speed of 25 m/s. It
strikes the ground after 2.0 s. How high is the building, assuming negligible air
resistance?
A. 20 m B. 30 m C. 50 m D. 70 m

14. To determine the height of a bridge above the water, a person drops a stone and
measures the time it takes for it to hit the water. If the height of the bridge is 41 m, how
long will it take for the stone to hit the water? Neglect air resistance.
A. 2.3 s B. 2.6 s C. 2.9 s D. 3.2 s
15. A package is dropped from an air balloon two times. In the first
trial the distance between the balloon and the surface is H and in
the second trial 4H. Compare the time it takes for the package to
reach the surface in the second trial to that in the first trial?

A. The time in the second trial is four times greater.

B. The time in the second trial is two times greater.
C. The time the same in both trials because it doesn’t
depend on height.
D. The time in the second trial is four times less.

iv
 Lesson
One Dimensional Uniformly
Accelerated Motion
1
What’s In
In this lesson, we will use another way to describe and represent the motion of
objects through the use of the four kinematic equations. These equations can only be
used for one dimensional or rectilinear motion wherein objects move with uniform
acceleration. Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM) is a type of motion wherein a
moving object experiences a constant acceleration.

What I Need to Know

After this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Derive the four kinematic equations for One Dimensional Uniformly
Accelerated Motion;
2. Analyze and solve one dimensional uniformly accelerated motion problems;
3. Describe examples of objects moving with constant acceleration;
3. Apply knowledge to real-life situations.

What Is It
If a body maintains a constant change in its velocity in a given time
interval along a straight line, then the body is said to have a uniform
acceleration. There are two types of one dimensional uniformly accelerated motion.
These are Horizontal Motion and Vertical Motion (Free Fall).
In Lesson 1 of this module, we had objects moving with constant velocities.
We then used the simple equation,
 d=vt

giving displacement as the product of the constant velocity and time. What happens
if the velocity changes uniformly from an initial velocity vi at time t i to a final velocity
v f at time t f ? We first express the changing velocity v as the average of the two
velocities:
v i +v f
v=
2

Then we substitute the average velocity into the equation: d=vt . We thus get the
kinematic equation for displacement in terms of the initial and final velocities and the
time t . This is a very useful equation.

d= ( v +2 v ) t
i

1
f
Kinematic Equation 1

We shall obtain a second kinematic equation in convenient form. We start with the
acceleration,
v f −vi
a=
t

If we are interested in the final velocity of an accelerating object, we can solve for v f .
We first multiply both sides of the above equation by t. We get,
at=v f −v i

Then we add + vi to both sides to get:

Simplifying the equation, we have:

v f =v i +at Kinematic Equation (2)

The third kinematic equation will be obtained by using Kinematic Equation (1)
and Kinematic Equation (2). Simply take the expression for the final velocity v f given
by the Kinematic Equation (2) and substitute it in Kinematic Equation (1) as follows:

d= ( vi + vf
2
t )
d= [ v i+ ( v i +at )
2 ] t
 d= ( 2 v i +at
2
t )
1
d=v i t+ a t 2 Kinematic Equation (3)
2

We notice that Kinematic Equations 1 to 3 all have the time variable. We can get the
fourth kinematic equation which does not involve
2 the time. There are different ways
to get this fourth equation, but one way is to first solve for time t in Kinematic
Equation (2).
v f =v i +at

v f −v i=at

( v −va )=t
f i

Then substitute this expression for time t into the Kinematic Equation (1).

d= ( v +2 v ) t
i f

d= ( v +2 v )( v −va )
i f f i

v f 2−v i2
d=
2a
2 2
v f −v i =2 ad
2 2
v f =v i + 2ad Kinematic Equation (4)

Table 1.1 summarizes the Four (4) Kinematic Equations with the corresponding
variables contained in each equation.

Table 1.1 The Four (4) Kinematic Equations for UAM: Horizontal Dimension

Variables Contained
Equation
Equation
Number d vi vf t a
 ( v +2 v ) t
1
i f
d= √ √ √ √ x

2 v f =v i +at x √ √ √ √

3 1 2
d=v i t+ a t √ √ x √ √
2

4 2 2
v f =v i + 2ad √ √ √ X √

Where: d=displacement vi =initial velocity v f =final velocity

t=time a=acceleration

SOLVING PROBLEMS FOR UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED RECTILINEAR MOTION

3
In solving kinematics problems, just like any other Physics problems, it is helpful to
consider the following steps:
1. Draw a diagram of the problem.
2. List the physical quantities that are given by the problem.
3. Determine and write the physical quantities or variables you should find.
4. Choose from the four Kinematic Equations the equation or equations
containing the variables listed in Steps 2 and 3.
5. Solve the equation step by step carefully and neatly applying the rules of
algebra both for numbers and units. Be careful with positive and negative
signs.

Sample Problem 1: A car slows down from a speed of 25.0 m/s to rest in 5.00 s.
How far did it travel in that time?
Given:
vi =25.0 m/s d=?

m
v f =0
s Figure 1.1 Motion of the Car
t=5.00 s
Required: d
Solution:
Use Equation 1:

d= ( 2 )
vi + vf
t
 ( )
m
25.0
+ 0 m/ s
s
d= 5.00 s
2
d=62.5 m
Therefore, the car travelled a distance of 62.5 m.

Sample Problem 2: A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 8 m/s over
a distance of 30 m. Determine the acceleration of a bike.

Given:
d= 30m
vi =0 m/s
v f =8 m/s
d=30 m
Figure 1.2 Motion of the Bicycle
Required: acceleration , a

2 2
v −v i
Solution: We derived a formula from Equation 4. Thus, we have, a= f .
4 2d
2 2
v −v i
a= f
2d

( 8 m/s )2 −( 0 m/ s )2
a=
2 ( 30 m )
2 2
64 m /s
a=
60 m
2
a=1.07 m/s

Therefore, the acceleration of the bike is 1.07 m/s 2.

What’s More

Activity 1.1: One Dimensional Uniformly Accelerated Motion Problems

Direction: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions legibly
and concisely in a separate sheet of paper.
1. A golf ball rolls up a hill toward a miniature golf hole with a speed of 2.0 m/s
and slows at a constant rate of 0.50 m/s 2. What is its velocity after 2.0 s?
2. An airplane accelerated uniformly from rest at the rate of 5.0 m/s 2 South for
14 s. What final velocity did it attain?
3. John is driving his sports car down a four-lane highway at 40 m/s. He overtakes
a slow-moving dump truck. If he can accelerate at 5 m/s 2, how long will it take
for him to reach the speed of 60 m/s?
4. CHALLENGE PROBLEM. John hopes to finish a 10,000-m run in less than
30.0 min. After 27.0 min, there are still 1100 m to go. How many seconds must
he consume at an acceleration of 0.20 m/s 2 in order to achieve the desired
time?
 5
Uniformly Accelerated Vertical Motion: Free Fall (Vertical Dimensions)

Aristotle and Galileo both have made important contributions towards our
understanding of the world of Physics. Both of them have conflicting ideas
specifically their views of motion. Aristotle’s view of motion was based on the natural
state of the object and was based on his observations while Galileo’s view of motion
was more quantitative. Do Activity 3.2 to explore Aristotle and Galileo’s views of
motion.

What’s New
Activity 1.2. Aristotle or Galileo?

Direction: Show your answers in a separate sheet of paper. One point for
every correct answer.

Part A.

1. Hold a stone and a piece of paper at the same height.

2. Drop the stone and paper simultaneously.
Which will fall faster? ____________________________________
Why? _________________________________________________

Part B
1. Do the same procedure as in Part A, but this time use crumpled paper.
2. Drop the stone and crumpled paper simultaneously.
Which will fall faster? ___________________________________
Why? ________________________________________

Observation:

1. Which part describes Aristotle’s view of motion? ___________________

Why? _________________________________________________
2. Which part describes Galileo’s view of motion? ____________________
Why?_________________________________________________

What Is It
Aristotle thought that heavy objects fall faster than light ones, in
6 Galilei argued that a body should fall
proportion to their weight. Galileo
downward with an acceleration that is constant and independent of the body's weight
and composition. This means that heavy or light objects will fall at the same time
when allowed to drop from the same height neglecting air resistance.

Free Fall is an example of a uniformly accelerated motion. When an object falls

under the influence of gravity alone then it is in a state of free fall.
To solve free fall problems, we can use the four kinematic equations for uniformly
accelerated motion that we discussed in the preceding lesson. However, we replace
every a with g (known as the acceleration due to gravity).For this, it is important to
remember the following:

 Near the surface of the earth, the acceleration due to gravity can be
taken as a constant: g= 9.8 m/s2 (directed downward).
 At this stage, we shall also neglect air resistance. Thus, we can take
gravity as the only influence on an object in “free fall”.
 Problems in "Free Fall" include object thrown upward that reaches a
certain height before falling down. For cases like these, we have to be
very careful with positive and negative signs for the vertical motion.

The four kinematic equations for a freely falling objects are shown below:
 Equation Equation
Number

1
d= ( v +2 v ) t
i f

2 v f =v i−¿

3 1 2
d=v i t− g t
2

4 2 2
v f =v i −2 gd

Where: d=displacement vi =initial velocity v f =final velocity

t=time g=acceleration due ¿ gravity

Kinematics UAM: Free Fall 7

1. An object dropped from an elevated height
a. initial velocity equal to zero (vi = 0)
b. distance travelled can be calculated using d = ½ gt 2
c. displacement can be calculated using d= -½ gt2
2. An object thrown vertically downward
a. initial velocity is not equal to zero (vi ≠ 0)
b. final velocity as it reached the ground is vf = vi – gt
c. The displacement travelled is calculated using the equation
1 2
d=v i t− g t
2
3. If an object is thrown vertically upward then fall down
a. Initial velocity is not equal to zero (vi ≠ 0)
b. The velocity at the maximum height is equal to zero.
c. The distance travelled in going up is equal to the distance covered in going
down.
d. The time spent in its upward motion is equal to the time spent in its
downward motion, hence, the total time of flight is equal to tT = 2t.

Sample Problem 1. Amusement parks use the concept of acceleration to design

rides that give the riders the sensation of free fall. These types of rides usually
consist of three parts: the ride to the top, momentary suspension, and the fall
downward. Motors provide the force needed to move the cars to the top of the
ride. Suppose the free fall ride shown in Figure 2 starts from the top at rest
and is in free fall for 1.5 s.
a. What would be its velocity at the end of 1.5 s?
 b. How far do people on the ride fall during this 1.5 s?
Given: vi =0 m/s t=1.5 s
Required: a . v f
b.d
Solution: a) Use Equation 2
v f =v i−¿
v f =0.0 m/ s−( 9.8 m/s 2 ) (1.5 s)
v f =−15 m/ s

Therefore, the final velocity of the free fall ride is

15 m/s downward. Photo taken by the writer
Figure 1.3 Free Fall Ride

b) Use Equation 3 8

1 2
d=v i t− g t ; Note: vi t =0 , so the equation becomes:
2
−1 2
d= gt
2
−1
d= (9.8 m/s 2) ¿
2
d=−11m

The people on the ride fell 11 m.

Sample Problem 2: A person throws a ball upward into the air

with an initial velocity of 15.0 m/s.

a. How high does the ball go?

b. How long is the ball in the air before it comes back to his
hand?
Given: Source: Physics 5 th
Edition by Giancoli.

vi =15.0 m/s Figure 1.5 A ball thrown upward.

Note that as the ball rises, its speed decreases until it reaches the highest point,
where its speed is zero for an instant, then it descends with increasing speed.

Solution:
 a) To determine the maximum height, we calculate the position of the ball when
its velocity equals zero.
2 2
v f =v i −2 gd
2 2
v f −v i
d=
2a
2
0 m /s− (15.0 m/ s )
d= 2
2(−9.80 m /s )
d =11.5 m
The ball reaches a height of 11.5 m above the hand .

b) To get the time the ball is in the air, we will analyse the motion of the ball in two
parts:
First, solve for the time the ball goes up, tup (the time it reaches the maximum height,
where v f =0 ¿ .Rearranging kinematic equation 2 will give us:
v f −v i
t=
−g
0−15 m/s
tup ¿ = 1.53 s
−9.8 m/s 2

Second, find the time the ball goes back down

9 to his hand, t down.
Analyzing the problem, we can reason that tdown is equal to tup. Thus,
tdown = tup = 1.53 s
To get the (total) time the ball is in the air, tT, we add tup and tdown:
tT = tup + tdown
tT = 1.53 s + 1.53 s = 3.06 s
The ball is in the air for 3.06 s.

What’s More
Activity 1.3: Solving Free Fall Problems

Direction: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions legibly
and concisely in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Suppose that a ball is dropped from a tower 70.0 m high. How far will it fall
after 3.00 s?
2. A construction worker accidentally drops a brick from a high scaffold. What is
the brick’s velocity after 4.0 s?
3. The free fall acceleration on Mars is about one-third that on Earth. What if you
throw a ball upward with the same velocity on Mars as on Earth,
a. How would you compare the ball’s maximum height to that on Earth?
b. How would its flight time compare?
4. CHALLENGE PROBLEM: A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of
 What I Have Learned
Activity 1.4: Create Your Own Word Problem.

Make your own word problem about uniformly accelerated

motion. One (1) for horizontal motion and another one (1) for free fall. Show your
illustrations and complete solutions to the problems. Be sure that the problems are
not taken from the internet and that they are realistic.

RUBRICS:
Criteria/Description Points
Given is complete which means that it has variable/s and magnitude with units 2
Unknown/required variable/s is/are identified 1
Equation/s or derivation is correct 1
Correct substitution of values 2
Correct final answer 1
Problem is realistic 3
Total 10

Summary:
 Objects fall because of the downward pull of gravity. The downward motion
proceeds with constant acceleration.
 When an object falls under the influence of gravity alone then it is in a state of
free fall.
 In the absence of air resistance, a falling body has constant acceleration g
equal to 9.8 m/s2.
The Four Kinematic Equations

d= ( v +2 v ) t
i f

v f =v i +at

1 2
d=v i t+ a t
2
2 2
v f =v i + 2ad

 Steps in Solving 1-D Uniformly Accelerated Motion Problems:

1. Draw a diagram of the problem.
2. List the physical quantities that are given by the problem.
3. Determine and write the physical quantities or variables you should find.
4. Choose from the four Kinematic Equations the equation or equations
containing the variables listed in Steps 2 and 3.
 5. Solve the equation step by step carefully and neatly applying the rules of
algebra both for numbers and units. Be careful with positive and negative
signs.
Assessment:
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Directions: Read and understand 11 each item and choose the letter of
the correct answer. Write your answers in your answer sheet. One point for each item.
1. An object moves with a constant acceleration of 5 m/s2. Which of the following
statements is TRUE?
A. The object’s velocity stays the same.
B. The object moves 5 m each second.
C. The object’s velocity increases by 5 m/s each second.
D. The object’s acceleration increases by 5 m/s2 each second.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the ball’s velocity and acceleration
at the highest point B?
A. Its velocity and acceleration are both zero.
B. Its velocity is up and non-zero constant and acceleration is zero.
C. Its velocity is down and non-zero constant and acceleration is zero.
D. Its velocity is zero and acceleration is down and non-zero constant.
3. A car increases its forward velocity uniformly from 40 m/s to 80 m/s while
traveling a distance of 200 m. What is its acceleration during this time?
A. 8.0 m/s2 B. 9.6 m/s2 C. 12 m/s2 D. 24 m/s2

4. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity?

A.- 9.8 m/s B. 9.8 m/s C. - 9.8 m/s2 D. 9.8 m/s2

5. A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are dropped from the same height and experience no
significant air resistance. If the 20-kg rock reaches the ground at time T, what time will it
take the 10-kg rock to reach the ground?
A. 4T B. 2T C. T D. T/2

6. A ball is thrown vertically upward. What is its velocity at the highest point of its path?
A. 0 m/s B. 5 m/s C. 10 m/s D. 15 m/s2

7. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of a free-falling object? A free-falling
object_____.
A. falls with a constant speed of -10 m/s.
B. falls with an acceleration of -10 m/s/s.
C. falls under the sole influence of gravity.
D. falls with downward acceleration which has a constant magnitude.

8. A ball is thrown downward from the top of a building with an initial speed of 25 m/s. It
strikes the ground after 2.0 s. How high is the building, assuming negligible air
resistance?
A. 20 m B. 30 m C. 50 m D. 70 m

9. Ten seconds after being dropped from rest, a free-falling object will be moving with what
speed?
A.  about 10 m/s. B. about 50 m/s. C. about 100 m/s. D. more than 100 m/s.
10. A car is traveling at 26.0 m/s when the driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the
12
car to slow down with constant acceleration. The car comes to a stop in a distance of 120
m. How fast was the car moving when it was 60.0 m past the point where the brakes were
applied?
A. 22.5 m/s B. 18.4 m/s C.15.0 m/s D.12.1 m/s

11. Two balls with the same initial speed are thrown from the roof of a building, one is thrown
up, and the other is down. Compare the speeds of the balls just before they hit the
ground.
A. Both balls move with the same speed.
B. The ball thrown up moves faster because the initial velocity is up.
C. The ball thrown down moves faster because the initial velocity is down.
D. The ball thrown up moves faster because it has greater acceleration.

12. An object is released from rest and falls in the absence of air resistance. Which of the
following is TRUE about its motion?
A. Its acceleration is zero .
B. Its velocity is constant.
C. Its acceleration is constant.
D. Its acceleration is increasing.

13. Which statement about acceleration due to gravity g is FALSE?

A. It is directed towards the center of the earth.
B. It decreases as you go further from the surface of the earth.
C. It depends upon the weight of a falling object.
D. It is constant at a particular place.

14. A stone is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 7.0 m/s and experiences negligible air
resistance. If we take the upward motion as the positive direction, what is the velocity of
the stone after 0.50 s?
A. 4.9 m/s B. 2.1 m/s C. -2.1 m/s D. -4.9 m/s

15. A flower pot falls off a balcony 85 m above the ground. How long does it take to hit the
ground?
A. 4.2 s B. 8.3 s C. 8.7 s D. 17 s
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ANSWER KEY

WHAT I KNOW ASSESSMENT

1.C 1.C
2.B 2.D
3.C 3.C
4.C 4.C
5.C 5.C
6.A 6.A
7.A 7.A
8.D 8.D
9.C 9.C
10.C 10.B
11.D 11.A
12.D 12.D
13.D 13.C
14. C 14. A
15.B 15.D

Act. 1.1 Act. 1.2

1. vf = 1.0 m/s Part A
2. v= 70 m/s, South 2 ) stone, because it is heavier
3.t=4s Part B
4. t=3.1 s They will fall at the same time
because in this case we neglect air
resistance.
Activity 1.3
1. d= -44.1 m or 44.1 m, downward
2. vf= -39.2 m/s
3. a. The maximum height would be three times higher on Mars
b. flight time is three times longer on Mars.
5. a. 5.33 s b. 40.2 m/s,downward c. 89.7 m
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REFERENCES:
Giancoli, Douglas. Physics Principles With Applications. 5th ed. Reprint, Philippines: Prentice-Hall
Inc., 2001.
Hewitt, Paul. Conceptual Physics. 9th ed. Reprint, Singapore: Pearson Education, 2002
Navaza, Delia, and Bienvenido Valdes. You And The Natural World Physics. 3rd ed. Reprint, Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2010
Zitzewitz, Haase, and Harper. Physics Principles & Problems. Reprint, United States of America:
McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2013.

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