‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Mohamed Fathy
Director of the Department of Instruments and Control
Certificated Instructor from Egyptian Engineers Syndicate, Egypt.

00201004551439

Mohamed Fathy
00201147207593 1
topic

 Introduction to Instrumentation
 Process Variables
 Transmitter and Switch
 Introduction to Classic Control
 Circuit Component
 Motor Starting
 Cade Simulation

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Manual Operated

Level Control.. Manual valve 1. Product feed 2. Avoid Over flow.

Errors occurs

Human losses.. Product waste.. Time waste.. shut down.. Money losses.
Automated Control system

1- Sensors

2- Controller

3-Final control element

5

Improving productivity and quality.. Reducing error.. Money save.. Safety.

Sensor Measuring Process variables (P,T,L,F,…)

PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE PH
LEVEL Chemical Conductivity
FLOW Physical O2/CO

Mechanical

Speed
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Instruments

TRANSMITTERS SWITCHES GAUGES

ANALOGE SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL NO SIGNAL

4 to 20 mA 0,1
7
2-Control system

DCS
PLC

Classic
control
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Classic control system Component

1 2 3
• Push button • Relay • Circuit Breaker
Digital I/P

Digital O/P

Protection
• Limit Switches • Contactor • Overload
• Proximity
• Photoelectric
• Timers • Fuses
• Process Variable • Counters
Switches
DIGITAL I/Ps ( Switches)
 Relay

 Relay “Josef Henry 1835”

• An electromagnetic device used for remote or
automatic control.
• construction
• Coil
• Movable armature
• Set of input terminals.

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ON DELAY TIMER RELAY

 ON DELAY
 Delay the operating voltage for
certain adjustable time
 Contactor
 A contactor is an electrically-controlled switch used for switching
an electrical power circuit

 Main point
 Helping point

 Contactor rating AC1 (1.25x) AC3(10x) AC4 (12x)

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 Thermal over load

 Protect motor from high current that may lead

to insulation failure and damage of winding.
 (95-96 NC) helping points to control circuit
 (97-98 NO) alarm lamp or sound
 Test button (test auxiliary points)
 Pointer to select Current cut off Range according to
motor range name plate current.
 Reset button (M manually –A automatically)
 Stop button ( Disconnect the Main points Open )
Circuit breaker
• Switching a circuit on and off , Protection against short circuit , Overload
current
 MCB (Miniature circuit breaker)
Rated current up to 125A , Interrupt rating 15 kA

 MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)

Rated current up to 1600 A, Interrupt rating 125kA

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 Tripping curve for MCB

 Class B trip curve

 Start current reaches between 3 to 5 times rated current
up to 3 sec. These MCBs are suitable for cable protection
OR LIGHTING .
 Class C trip curve
 Start current reaches between 5 to 10 times the rated
current up to 10 sec. Suitable for induction motors.
 Class D trip curve
 Start current reaches between 10 to 20 times the rated
current up to 20 sec. Suitable for inductive motor loads
with high starting currents
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3
MOTOR Control Starter TYPES

•Non –reversing FVNR (Direct On Line)

1 Full •Reversing (Direct On line)
voltage

• reduce the starting current USING:

•Star-Delta
2 Reduced •Auto transformer
voltage •Soft starter

•Variable Frequency drive (VFD)

Multi- •2-speed control
3 speed
DOL CONTROL CIRCUIT

POWER CIRCUIT
POWER CIRCUIT CONTROL CIRCUIT
380 VAC 220 VAC
 2-Reduced voltage ( STAR-DELTA)

 Starting current is 7 to 10 times the rated current.

Star Delta reduce the starting current to 1/3 x
 3 Contactors are used (Main –Star-Delta)
 Delta

 Stator , Rotor , Coil sets

 Line voltage = Phase V = 400 V
 Coil impedance 20 Ω
 ( I phase)= V/R = 400/20=20A
 I Line = Iph x 𝟑 = 34.6 A
Star connection

 Line voltage 400 V

 Phase voltage = 400 / 𝟑 = 230
 Coil impedance 20 Ω
 I phase= I line= V/R = 230/20=11.5 A

 Star configuration reduce voltage to 58 % of Delta

 Star configuration reduce current to 33 % of Delta
 Star configuration reduce Torque to 33 % of Delta (less mechanical stress)
PLC

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Siemens PLCs

Hardware Software
Series 5 Simatic step 7

Logo
WinCC/WinCC Flexible
Series 7
PCS7
S7-200
S7-300 TIA(Totally Integrated Automation)
S7-400
1200
1500
PLC
 Ladder Logic (LAD)

Statement List language (STL)

Functional Block Diagram (FBD)

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HMI Human Machine Interface

Monitor and Control

Simatic manger Wincc flexible
 DCS (Distributed Control System )

Mohamed Fathy Mohamed

31 Fathy
 Udemy Classic control Course

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