4-12,

a. P(X < 90) = 0

200
b. P(100 < X <= 200) = ∫100 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0.0278
+∞ 1000
c. P(X > 800) = ∫800 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫800 4.44 × 10−3 − 4.44 × 10−6 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
0.0888
d. Value exceeded with probability 0.1.
+∞
P(X >x) = ∫𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2.22 − 0.00444𝑥 + 0.00000222𝑥 2

This probability has to be equal to 0.1:

 2.22 − 0.00444𝑥 + 0.00000222𝑥 2 = 0.1
2.12 − 0.00444𝑥 + 0.00000222𝑥 2 = 0
 X1 ≈787.762
X2 ≈1212.24
Since x ∈ [500,1000], the value x is:
X = 787.762

4-28
 𝑑
(0) = 0 𝑥≤0
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(1 − 𝑒 −2𝑥 ) = 2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥>0
𝑑𝑥

0 𝑥≤0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥>0

4-46,

1210
a. E(x) = ∫1200 0.1𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 1205
1210
E(X^2) =∫1200 0.1𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1452033.33
Std(X) = √𝐸 (𝑋 2 ) − 𝐸(𝑋)2 = 2.887

1205
b. P(1195 < X < 1205) = P(1200 < X < 1205) = ∫1200 0.1𝑑𝑥 = 0.5

4-74,
 200−159.2 40.8
(a) 0.841 = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 200) = 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ ) = 𝛷( ) ≈ 1 => 𝛷 ≈ 40.8
ơ ơ
𝑥1−159.2 𝑥1−159.2
(b) 0.25 = 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑥1) = 𝑃 (𝑍 < ) = 𝛷 ( 40.8 )
40.8
𝑥1 − 159.2
= −0.675
40.8

 X1 = 131.66
Analogously, setting
0.75 = P(X , x2)
And following the same preocedure one obtains:
X2 = 186.74
 𝑥3−159.2 𝑥3− 159.2
(c) 0.9 = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥3) = 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ ) = 𝛷( )
40.8 40.8

𝑥3 − 159.2
= 1.29 => 𝑋3 = 211.832
40.8

(d) P(µ + ơ < X < µ + 2ơ) = P(1 < Z < 2) = 𝛷(2) − 𝛷(1) = 0.1359
(e) P(X > µ + 2ơ) = P (Z > 2 ) = 1 - 𝛷(2) = 0.02275
(f) P(X < µ - ơ) = P(Z < -1) = 𝛷(−1) = 0.1587

4-106,

n = 1000
p = 0.5
𝑋−𝑛𝑝 𝑋−500
Z= =
√𝑛𝑝(1−𝑝) 15.811

𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 750) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 749.5) ≈ 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 15.78) = 1 − 𝛷(15.78) ≈ 0

We conclude that opteron is less dispersed than the random set of genes.
4-122,
1
a) E(X) = = 0.43 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
2.3
b) P(X > 0.25 years) = 1 – F(0.25) = 𝑒 −2.3 ×0.25 ≈ 0.56
 c) Six months is 0.5 years => P(X > 0.5) = 1 − 𝐹(0.5) ≈ 0.32
d) P(X > 3) = 1 − 𝐹(3) ≈ 0.001

6-4,

Yes it is possible.
Example, a set = [1,2,9]
Its mean is
1+2+9
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = =4
3

Standard deviation
1
𝑠2 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛) = 4.36
𝑛−1

Therefore, standard deviation can be greater than sample mean for a given set

6-28,

Median of a sample is given by its central value (or a value halfway between its
two central values).
For mean = median, mean should be equal to the sample central value( or
halfway between the two central values). Hence, the distribution should be
symmetric
7-12
a)

−µ 10−8.2
P( < 10) = P [ ơ < 1.5 ]=1
√𝑛 √49

5−8.2 −µ 10−8.2
b) P( 5 < < 10) = P( 1.5 < ơ < 1.5 )=1
√49 √𝑛 √49

−µ 6−8.2
c)P( <6) = 𝑃 [ ơ < 1.5 ]≈0
√𝑛 √49