UNIT I

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS
PART – A

1. Express the statement “Good food is not cheap” in symbolic form.

Solution : P : food is Good Q : food is Cheap
Symbolic form is

2. Obtain PDNF for .

Solution : PDNF is

3. If are statement variables , prove that

.
Solution : Consider

4. Prove that whenever ,we also have and vice

versa.
Proof:
To prove we have to prove is a
Tautology
is a Tautology
is a Tautology
is a Tautology
is a Tautology
is a Tautology. Hence the proof.

5. Define functionally complete set of connectives and give an

example.
A collection of logical operators is called functionally complete if
every compound proposition is logically equivalent to a compound
proposition involving only those logical operators
6. Define Contra positive of a statement.
For any statement formula , the statement formula is
called its
converse, is called its inverse and is called its
contrapositive.

7. Give the converse and the Contra positve of the implication “ If it

is raining then I get wet”.
Solution :
P : It is raining Q : I get wet
Converse : : If I get wet, then it is raining
Contrapositive : : If I do not get wet, then it is not
raining

8. Show that . (Use only the laws).

Solution :

(Associative law)
(Distributive law)
(Negation law)
(Domination law)
(Identity law)

9. Write the following statement in symbolic form

(a) Mark is poor but unhappy
(b) mark is rich or unhappy
(c)Mark is neither rich nor happy
(d) Mark is poor (or) he is both rich and poor.
Solution :
M : Mark is poor H : Mark is happy
The symbolic forms are
(a) (b) (c) (d)

10.Write the following statement in symbolic form

“ x is the father of mother of y” .
Solution :
 P(x) : x is a person
F(x,y) : x is the father of y
M(x,y) : x is the mother of y
The symbolic form is

11.Write in symbolic form the statement “ The house will be

destroyed if
there is a flood”.
Solution :
P : House will be destroyed Q : There is flood
The symbolic form is .

12.Construct the truth table for .

P Q
T T T T T
T F F T F
F T T F F
F F T T T 13.Write the dual of
.
Solution :

Dual of is

14.Represent using only.

15.Write the converse, inverse and contra positive of the following

“ If today is labour day , then tomorrow is Tuesday”.
Solution :
P : Today is Labour day Q : Tomorrow is Tuesday
Converse : : If tomorrow is Tuesday then today is labour day.
 Inverse : : If today is not labour day then tomorrow is
not Tuesday.
Contrapositive : : If tomorrow is not Tuesday then today is
not labour day

16.For any statements prove that

.
Solution :

17.Determine the truth value of the following

a) If 3+4=12 , then 3+2=6.
b) If 3+3=6 , then 3+4=9.
a) Here 3+4=12 : F & 3+2=6 : F. ie so truth value is True
b) Here 3+3=6 : T & 3+2=6 : F. ie so truth value is False

18.Write the dual of (a) (b) (c) .

Solution :
a) b) c)

Dual : Dual : Dual :

19.Show that are not functionally complete set.

Solution :
cannot be expressed using the connectives , since no
such contribution of statement exist with as input is T and the
output is F.

20.Express interms of only.

Solution :
21.Show that .

22.Demonstrate that is a valid inference from the premises

.
Step Derivation Rule
(1) P
(2) P
(1,2) T
(3) P
(1,2,3) T

23.Show that .
Step Derivation Rule
(1) P
(2) P
(1,2) T
(1,2) T

24.Show that a)
b) .

a) b)
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