FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MENG345 HEAT TRANSFER

EXPERIMENTAL WORK REPORT
(SPRING 2021-2022)

STUDENT OUTCOME MARK

Name, Surname: MOHAMMAD ALHOURANI

Student Number: 18700465

Group no: 01

Name of the Experiment: Steady State Conduction Through a Uniform Wall

Instructions Student Outcomes

an ability to identify, formulate, and solve complex
1  engineering problems by applying principles of
1. Upload your report as a pdf file to the
Lab Work 1 (Steady State engineering, science, and mathematics
Conduction Through a Uniform
Wall) section in LMS within the an ability to apply engineering design to produce
designated time period.
2 solutions that meet specified needs with consideration
2. The file uploaded should be named as
[MENG345-Lab1-Student ID-Student of public health, safety, and welfare, as well as global,
Name]. cultural, social, environmental, and economic factors
3. No late submissions will be
accommodated. an ability to communicate effectively with a range of
3
audiences
 an ability to recognize ethical and professional
responsibilities in engineering situations and make
4 informed judgments, which must consider the impact of
engineering solutions in global, economic,
environmental, and societal contexts

an ability to function effectively on a team whose

5 members together provide leadership, create a
collaborative and inclusive environment, establish
goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives
an ability to develop and conduct appropriate
6  experimentation, analyze and interpret data, and use
engineering judgment to draw conclusions
7 an ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as
needed, using appropriate learning strategies
 INTRODUCTION

Heat transfer is a field of science that studies how energy (in the form of heat) is transferred
across materials owing to temperature differences. Heat is a type of energy that is transferred due
to a change in temperature. We must know that heat transfers from the highest temperature to the
lowest temperature. The heat transfer depends on the mass, momentum and energy that we have
studied previously. It can be calculated through mathematical and physical equations, in this test
we did an experiment called Steady State Conduction through a Uniform Wall, And that the
temperature when it is equal in all regions of the system, we can say that this system STEADY
STATE CONDUCTION.

AIM
Heat transfer is a field of science that studies how energy (in the form of heat) is transferred
across materials owing to temperature differences. Heat is a type of energy that is transferred due
to a change in temperature.

THEORY
The heated and cooled portions can be regarded one continuous wall of uniform cross section and
material if they are fastened securely together so that the two end faces are in superior heat
contact.
If a plane wall of thickness (Δx) and area (A) sustains a temperature difference, Fourier's law of
heat conduction states that the heat transfer rate per unit time (Q) through conduction through the
wall is:

ΔT
𝑄∝𝐴
ΔX

ΔT
Q=C  C is constant
ΔX
 Apparatus

Figure1: HT10XC Heat Transfer Service Unit

The Arm field HT10XC is a service unit that may be used with a variety of small-scale attachments to
perform a wide range of heat transfer demonstrations.

Some of the practical challenges related with heat transmission may be seen, as well as the elements
that effect heat transfer.

Figure 2 HT11C Computer Compatible Linear Heat Conduction Accessory

The Arm field Linear Heat Conduction add-on was created to show how to apply the Fourier Rate
equation to basic one-dimensional steady-state conduction.
 Figure3 the component of HT11C

Procedure

We did this experiment 3 times with different voltages first of all we did it by 12 then 17 after on 21
and we got different results for t1-t3, t6-t8 and the current (I) with same flow rate (1.5)

Flow rate is constant

T1-t3 is heated part and t6-t8 is cold part and as we saw in the experiment whenever we approach
to t8 the temperature decrease very noticeably as we will see in the calculation and data

All distance between the parts was calculated before by the assistant

Whenever we increase the voltage the current increased

 We did all these steps by wheel controls (voltage and temp etc...) and the results was recorded by
us some errors expected because all steps was by human hand and not so specific
 Results and calculation

The data that we found and follow

First test Second test Third test
Heater voltage 12 17 21
Heater current 1.27 1.79 2.22
T1℃ 62.6 105.1 115.4
T2℃ 59.8 100 109.3
T3℃ 56.8 94.8 103.3
T6℃ 22.4 31.6 31.2
T7℃ 19.4 24.9 25.9
T8℃ 16.5 20 20.7
fw 1.5 1.5 1.5

Calculation for the first test

Heat flow (Q)= VI

Heat flow 1(Q) = 12*1.27=15.24

 Temperature difference in heated section ΔT HOT = T1-T3

ΔT HOT =¿62.6-56.8=5.8

 Temperature difference in cold section ΔT cold =t6-t8

ΔT cold =22.4-16.5=5.9

ALL TEST RESULTS

FIRST TEST SECOND TEST THIRD TEST
HEAT FLOW 15.24 30.43 46.62
ΔT HOT ℃ 5.8 10.3 12.1
ΔT cold ℃ 5.9 11.6 10.5

Note: the distance between each thermocouple is 0.015m


Distance (m) test1 (℃ ) test 2 (℃ ) test 3 (℃ )
T1 0 62.6 105.1 115.4
T2 0.015 59.8 100 109.3
T3 0.030 56.8 94.8 103.3
T6 0.045 22.4 31.6 31.2
T7 0.060 19.4 24.9 25.9
T8 0.075 16.5 20 20.7
 Temperature (°C) vs Position (m)
140 test1

120 f(x) = − 1515.61904761905 x + 124.485714285714

f(x) = − 1360 x + 113.733333333333
100

80
Axis Title

60 f(x) = − 735.428571428571 x + 67.1619047619048

40

20

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Axis Title

 From the results we found that the temperature decrease when ever we approach from t1 to t8
because t 8 position into cold water

Calculate the gradient of each line and show that 𝑄𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 is a constant (C).

Gradient 1 =735.43

Q1/gradient = 15.24/735.43=0.0207

Gradient 2=1360

Q2/gradient = 30.43/1360=0.0223

Gradient 3=1515

Q3/gradient = 46.62/1515=0.0307
 Discussion and conclusion

In this experiment we found that the current increasing whenever you increase the voltage and the
temperature is decreasing whenever it approach to t8 because its near to the 1.5l water , then we
found the heat flow for each iteration and drawn the graph that show how linear is the distance x with
the temperature and our graph wasn’t linear and have some problems , there is a lot of things that can
do errors in this experiment , first of all our device have some problems like the voltage wheel doesn’t
have a stop so it can change during the experiment and the flow rate was decreasing during the
experiment , so we were correct it manually during the experiment so there will be errors for sure ,
the surrounding weather also can make difference between test to other .

References
1- https://armfield.co.uk/product/ht11-linear-heat-conduction/
2- https://armfield.co.uk/product/ht10xc-computer-controlled-heat-transfer-teaching-
equipment/
3- https://www.accessscience.com/content/conduction-heat/155700