Title Author's
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA Eliezha Belle R. CruzMicaella M.
TOWARDS SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOLSTUDENTS LEARNING
1
Health Science Students’ Use of Social
Media for Educational Purposes: A Sample
from a Medical University in Hanoi,
Vietnam
2 likely to obtain a GPA at distinction level (OR = 0.5).
SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN
UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS.
3 lecturers.
Social Media Network Participation and
Academic Performance In Senior High
Schools in Ghana
4 networks.
Use of Social Media and its Impact on
Academic Performance of
Tertiary Institution Students: A Study of
Students of Koforidua
Polytechnic, Ghana
5 than for academic purpose.
Date Research Questions Methodology
March, 2018 1. Why students use social Descriptive survey method was used while
FranciscoJhon Webb B. media inside their classroom;
BernardoRenz Jerome C. 2. How social media influence
CanozaPeter Ivan C. the students' learning;
BarsagaRichzon B. ArroyoJoan A. 3. Is there a difference between
Abelgos a higher achiever and lower
achiever students when it
comes to the influence of social
media towards their learning?
Pham Bich Diep, et al. N/A
2021
Peter Osharive
2015 1. To what extent would student
addictiveness to social network
influence their academic
performance?
2. Does the social media
network that the students are
more exposed to influence
their academic performance?
3. How has the use of social
media influence the academic
performance of the students in
University of Lagos?
4. Is there gender difference in
the student’s usage of social
media network?
5. In what way do younger and
older students influence the use
of social media?
Jeffrey Mingle, and Dr. Musah 2015 N/A
Adams
M. Owusu- Acheaw, Agatha Gifty 2015 i. Does the use of social media
Larson sites have any impact on
student’s academic
performance?
ii. What are the benefits they
derive from using social media?
iii. Why do student visit their
social media sites?
Analysis & Results
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High
conducting this research as there search
suggest. Descriptive research describes what
is. It involves the description, recording,
analysis, and interpretation of the present
nature, composition or processes of
phenomena. The focus is on prevailing
conditions, or how a person, group, or thing
behaves or functions in the present. It often
involves some type of comparison or contrast
(Manuel and Medel, p. 25).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016
at Hanoi Medical University in Hanoi, Vietnam.
The list of students from the 2nd, 4th, and 6th
academic years in different health science
majors, including nursing, public health,
preventive medicine, general medicine, and
dentistry, was provided by the Department of
Training and Education at the university, and
100 students per academic year were randomly
selected using Excel. All the selected students
were invited to participate in the study and 297
of them agreed.
This chapter presents the method and
procedure that was applied in this study. It was
organized under the following sub-headings:
Research Design, Population of the Study,
Sample and Sampling Technique, Research
Instrument, Validity of the Instrument,
Reliability of the Instrument, Method of Data
Collection, and Method of Data Analysis.
The study used the cross-sectional survey
method to find out how social network
participation
affects academic performance of students in
SHS.
The survey method was used to solicit data and
information from a sample of students of
Koforidua Polytechnic
during lecture hours of the second semester of
2013/14 academic year. A set of questionnaire
was designed by
the researchers to collect information and data.
In the view of Kumekpor (2002), “social survey
may be said to
be an objective, quantitative approach to the
study of the social processes within a well-
defined area at a given
time through one or more institutions by means
of an interview schedule, a questionnaire, and
the data thus
obtained related statistically”.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were
School students, 18 of them has an account on Facebook drawn: Social media has been used by the students for
which also tallied with the number of respondents with entertainment and for educational purposes. There is a
Messenger account. While 12 among the 18 have an account difference between the achievers and non-achievers when it
comes to the influence of social media especially when it
in YouTube, 8 has a Wattpad account and 8 has an Instagram comes to balancing their social media usage and their
account. While among 18 respondents only 3 respondents has academic performances. The use of social media is
an account in Twitter. Gmail, Google and Pixiv have only 1 advantageous to students based on Table 8 has also proven
user. in the study of Ellefsen et al., 2016 that Social media has its
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High potential as an educational tool that could improve student
School students, 8 of them used social media every day and 7 motivation and in-class participation levels.
uses social media every break/lunch. While 5among the 18
respondents used social media every dismissal and only 1
used it every hour. On the other, 2 respondents used social
media anytime they want
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High
School students, 13 of them used social media primarily for
chatting which also tallied with the number of respondents who
use social media for pass time. While 14 among the 18
respondents primary use of social media was for
communicating with teachers and fellow students and 12
respondents used social media in downloading files, movies or
videos. We observed that among the 18 only 1 respondent
used social media primary for making assignment and the
other 2 respondents used social media for other purposes
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High
School students, 13 of them used to talk to their classmates
and 8 of them were doing their assignments. While 6among the
18 respondents used their time to study their lessons and the
other 2 were playing games. We observed that among the 18
respondents used to sleep and doing other things. This result
proves Arnold and Paulus (2010) study that even when social
media is used for educational purpose, students incorporate
the technology into their lives in a way that may differ from the
intentions of the course instructor.
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High
School students, 15 of them used social media to help them to
be informed. While 13 of the 18 respondents uses social media
to help them to be educated. On the other hand, 12
respondents used social media for entertainment. This result
proves the survey conducted by Bagget and Williams(2012)
that media represents useful tools for communication and
education, and provides an opportunity for networking in any
profession.
- Among the 18 respondents surveyed of the 60 Senior High
School students, 11 of them said that they can’t last a day
without using social media. While 9 among the 18 respondents
said that social media help them to get a better grade and 7 of
them said that they can’t study better without using social
media. We observed that only 3 respondents said that using
social media is a hindrance on their studies. The results proves
the study of Ellefsen et al., 2016 that Social media has
potential as an educational tool that could improve student
motivation and in-class participation levels.
Analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows (version 20) Almost all health science students used social media
and STATA (version 14). Descriptive statistics were used to to support learning and use of social media for
estimate the frequency and prevalence of using SM for learning learning was associated with higher academic
purposes. Median and interquartile range were used for performance.
reporting the perception of students about the ability to apply
SM for learning. Logistics regression analyses were conducted
to investigate relationships between the independent and
dependent variables. The findings are presented in the table
with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Almost all students
(99.7%) reported using SM for learning, most (90.9%) of them
daily. The most preferred type of SM learning was Facebook.
Most students thought that using SM for learning is convenient
and useful. They suggested there should be 1 Facebook
account for each subject, that every classmate could access to
obtain knowledge from lecturers and to interact between
students and lecturers. The logistic regression model showed
that the more time students practiced following the advice on
posted information, the more likely they were to achieve a GPA
at distinction level or above (OR = 4.2; OR = 5.4, and OR = 9.4,
respectively with times of practicing). Conversely, the students
who used SM for learning less than once a month were less
Method of Data Analysis Responses from the questionnaire The result from the findings of this study showed that,
were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of frequency though Social media have negative effects on
counts and percentage, and inferential statistics of Chi-square teenagers such as lack of privacy, distracting students
(x2). Descriptive statistics of frequency counts and from their academic work, taking most of their
percentages were used in analyzing demographic variables productive time, and such like, they also have benefits
and research questions while the inferential statistics of Chi- and can be used appropriately. For instance, students
square(x2) was also used to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 can form online communities in order to plan for a
level of significance. project, have group discussions about class
material, or use the Social networking sites(SNS)
as a way to keep in contact when a student who has
been absent needs to be updated on current
academic information. The findings of this study and
earlier ones showed some noteworthy results. The
first independent variable influencing the academic
performance of students, that is, social media
participation was negatively related with students’
outcome, while the other independent variables
were positively related with students’ outcome. The
results of this study suggest that lecturers should
come up with a template on how their students can
maximize the benefits of Social media, that school
management should incorporate rules and regulations
on the use of the social media in the school and, that
the government should put in place adequate control
measures to regulate their use among students and
Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents The study has revealed that despite the benefits that
saw a drop in their grades when come with the participation of students on social
they started participating on social networks. That is, when they media networks, it could impact negatively on their
compared their grades before academic performance if not used properly. A lot of
and after participating on social media networks, they saw a benefits abound in the use of social media networks
drop in their performance. This was such as sharing information and ideas, improving
confirmed with a high loading of 0.814 of factor analysis. reading skills etc. Despite the benefits that comes with
Majority of respondents (loading of the participation of students on social media networks,
0.674) also added that their performance had been negatively its misuse could affect the academic life of the student
affected as a result of their and thereby their performance. As stated by Katz et al.
participation on social networks. This was supported by the (1974) in their gratification theory, that the media
study of Kirschner and Karpinski chosen by people would compete with other sources
(2010), who found a “significant negative relationship between of information. Therefore, social media networks
Facebook use and academic compete with academic work for students’ attention. It
performance. Users of social media networks such as is therefore the responsibility of the student to make
Facebook reported lower mean GPAs and the right decision in relation to the use of social media
also reported spending fewer hours per week studying on networks. Also, Bandura’s (1997) social learning
average than Facebook nonusers.” theory states that as the learning outcomes of
Further, a high number of respondents (0.518) also confirmed students are influenced by the students decision on
that their grades could improve if his choice of situation (social 46 media networks and
they stopped participating on social media networks. Malaney participation) and peers (friendship networks) they
(2005), found that 8.9% of could make the right decision in the usage of these
students in 2000, and 4.4% in 2003, reported that their grades media to bring about the positive outcome (academic
had suffered as a result of too performance) that is desired.
much time spent on the Internet as well as on social media
When respondents were asked whether they have mobile The study was conducted to examine the impact of
phone, out of the total respondents of 1508, students’ use of social media sites on their academic
1408(93.4%) responded in the affirmative whilst 100(6.6%) performance. The study revealed that majority of the
responded in the negative on the same issue. A respondents had mobile phones with internet facility
follow up question as to whether the respondents had internet and
facility on their phones showed that a majority of had knowledge of the existence of social media sites.
the respondents representing 85.0% indicated that they had As a result they visit their social media sites and
internet facility on their phones. A further follow up spend
question was to find out whether respondents had knowledge between thirty munities to three hours every day. In
of social media sites. All the respondents addition, the study revealed that the use of social
representing 100% responded in the affirmative. It can be media had
deduced that most of the respondents have mobile affected academic performance of the respondents
phone with internet facility on it and they also have knowledge negatively and further confirmed that there was a
of social media sites. The above revelation strong
confirmed Oberst’s (2010) study that 73% of American use positive relationship between the use of social media
social media sites. This is further corroborated by and academic performance. The hypothesis H1 and
(Kist, 2008) who posits that 90% of teens in the United States H2
have internet access and 75% use the internet to tested on time spent on the use of social media sites
make plans and socialize with friends and relationship between use of social media and
academic
performance revealed a strong positive relationship at
significant level of 0.01. The study further reveled that
most respondents use the social media sites to chat
 THE EFFECTS OF USING SOCIAL
MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCEOF THE HONOR
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
IN BALIUAGUNIVERSITY
6 news, and can help students in research
Effects of Social Media to Academic
Performance
7 by the respondents‟ profile.
The Effects of Social Media on College
Students
8 for fun.
Effects of Social Media use on Learning,
Social Interactions, and Sleep Duration
among University Students
9 delayed bed time to social media use.
Investigate The Impact of Social Media on
Students
10
The Effects of Social Media on the
Undergraduate Students’ Academic
Performances
11
Roque, Sean Alexis O.
Tampol, Mikhaela C. Dery,
Deanne Lorraine C. Macasa,
Marc Lourence D.
Josue, Daniel S.
Ruiz, Rex Angelo R.
Guansing, Arjay J.
Nazar, Christine Jianne M.
Abiog, Jemima R.
Cinco, Jayvee G
Ace Albert P. Cabral et al.
Qingya Wang, Wei Chen, and Yu
Liang
Manjur Kolhar, Raisa Nazir Ahmed January 6, 2021
Kazi, Abdalla Alameen
Abdulwahaab Alsaif
Ahmad Jahed Mushtaq,
bAbdelmadjid Benraghda
March, 2017 1. What are the reasons why In this study, the researchers utilized the
students are addicted to social purposive sampling method. The participants
media? that were chosen are honor students from the
2.What are the effects of social four different strands of theacademic track of
media to the behavior and the senior high school department in Baliuag
academic performance of Senior Universit
High School students?
3.What are the academic and/or
professional uses of social
media that can benefit Senior
High School students?
2016 NA This study used the descriptive type of
research. Descriptive
research also known as the statistical research,
describe data and
characteristics about the population or
phenomenon being studied.
Descriptive research answers the question who,
what, when,
where and how (Shields et al., 2013).
The data description in this kind of research is
factual,
accurate and systematic. The description will
use frequently
averages and other statistical calculations.
2011 Which is the most popular social Anonymous questionnaire was
media site for students? administered to collect data which was the
What is the amount of time standard survey collection method.
students spend utilizing social
media in various academic
processes?
N/A This study was conducted among 300 women,
who were stu- dents at Prince Sattam bin Abdul
Aziz University in Wadi Ad- dawasir. A
questionnaire was used to collect data across 4
months (i.e., September to December 2019)
April 2016 N/A Sampling is the process of choosing the
subjects under study, for gathering data. There
are many sampling methods. Random sampling
involves choosing sampling randomly
without any specific technique or reason.
Systematic sampling is based on some strategy
or technique like taking every n-th subject from
population or taking every n-th female etc.
Stratified sample is the type of sampling that
chooses most relevant subjects from the
whole population and then finalizes the samples
randomly from the selected sample
April 1, 2018 1. What are the positive effects The quantitative research design was chosen
of social media on the academic as the main and substantial method of the
performances of study.
students? In a quantitative method, the researcher
2. What are the negative effects collects, analyses and interprets different kinds
of social media on the academic of
performances of numerical data obtained from a large
students? population.
According to the result of the interviews, the honor students of
the senior highschool department of Baliuag University are
addicted to social media because of varioususes mainly for
entertainment and communication. The average time a student
uses socialmedia in one day is 6-7 hours. Most of the
respondents admit that they are a social mediaaddict. The
negative effect of social media is its capability to distract the
user fromhis/her studies and would later lead to the decrease
in their academic performance. The positive effect of social
media is its usefulness in a variety of ways. It can be used
ascommunication between two or more people without being
close to each other. It can also be used to access information
that would be difficult to achieve without social media.
The needed data were tallied, encoded and interpreted using
different statistical tools. These include frequency distribution,
weighted mean and Chi-square test. The above mentioned
statistical tools will be used according to the objectives of the
study. All data were treated using software, PASW version 18
to
further analyze the result with 0.05 alpha level. The given scale
was used to interpret the result of the data gathered: 3.50 –
4.00 =
Strongly Agree (SA); 2.50 – 3.49 =Agree (A); 1.50 – 2.49 =
(Disagree)DA; 1.00 – 1.49 = Strongly Disagree (SD)
Sixty percent of participants are in favor of Facebook, 22% like
Skype, 10%
prefer Twitter and 8% like My Space. Sixty-eight percent of the
sample reported that they
primarily used a laptop to check social media sites; while 20%
use a cell phone; and only
12% preferred to use a desktop computer. Forty-five percent of
the sample admitted that
they spent 6-8 hours per day to check a social media site, 23%
spent more than 8 hours,
20% spent 2-4 hours and only 12% spent less than 2 hours.
The ratio of participants who
posted or responded during school hours was 64%; 15% rarely
used social media during
school hours; 21% were not sure whether they would like to
use it. Eighty percent of the
sample reported that they posted or responded while
completing homework; 8% would
never use social media while doing homework; and 2% were
not sure. In terms of the
benefit of social media, 20% agreed that social media helps
with school assignments;
25% agreed that social media helps to make new friends; and
55% just used social media
Among 300, a total of 290 students (97%; Fig. 1) reported that
they used social media applications. Participant ages ranged
from 17 to 29 years. Moreover, 30% (n = 90) of them were
aged 17– 19 years, and 5% (n = 16) of them were aged 25–29
years. A major- ity of them were aged 20–24 years (65%, n =
194) (Fig. 2). With regard to the purposes for which social
media platforms were used, only 1% (n = 3, Fig. 3) of the
students used social media for academic purposes. In contrast,
35% (n = 105, Fig. 3) of them used social media to chat with
others (i.e., WhatsApp, Facebook, Snapchat), and 43% (n =
129, Fig. 3) of them browsed social net- working sites to pass
time. The other activities in which the stu- dents engaged are
presented in Fig. 3. 57% (n = 173) (Table 1) of the students
reported that they were addicted to social media. They were
more likely to use such tech- nologies to have fun and pass
time than for learning purposes. These habits substantially
affect academic performance, learning, and knowledge
acquisition (Abbas et al., 2019). Moreover, 52% (n = 157)
(Table 1) of the students reported that social media use had
affected their learning activities significantly (p = 0.035), and
66% (n = 198) (Table 1) of them felt more drawn toward social
media than toward studies. 59% (n-176, Fig. 4) of the students
reported that excessive social media use had exerted a
negative effect on their relationships with their family members
and friends and rendered face-to-face com- munication more
challenging. Specifically, 74% (n = 222) (Table 2) of them
reported that they spent their free time on social media. In this
study, the most widely used application was Snapchat (45%),
followed by Instagram (22%), Twitter (18%), and WhatsApp
(7%) (p = 0.016*) (Fig. 7). Further, during the day, many
students spent more than three hours on social media (57%)
Fig. 5. Similarly, at night, many students spent more than three
hours on social media (34%) Fig. 6. In this study, 46% (n =
139) (Fig. 10) of the students reported going to bed between 11
pm and 12 am, and 39% (n = 118) (Fig. 10) of them reported
going to bed between 1 am to 2 am (p = 0.028). Moreover,
93% (n = 279) (Fig. 9) of them left for college at 8 am in the
morning, and 68% (n = 205) (Fig. 😎 of them attrib- uted their
For measuring data, i.e. answers obtained from questionnaire
have been analyzed in a
way to build patterns of user’s behaviors and find out what are concluded that, if appropriately used, the use of social
the most commonly
occurring behaviors or impacts. This has helped in concluding
and determining the future
directions of research. Data has been fed into the very well-
known software SPSS in
order to get accurate results and precise analysis of the results
[17]. It is a very simple yet
accurate and well-known software program designed with the
intention of data
management and calculation for a wide range of statistical
data. It is based on a
programming language known as SPSS. But in order to
analyze the data of the current
research work, most of the work has been done through menus
and dialog boxes without
going through complex SPSS language. Menus in the SPSS
software give the users
reminders for most of the options that can be used at each step
of the analysis.
A survey questionnaire was designed as the instrument of the
study. The items of the questionnaire were adapted from
previous study questionnaires such as Sudha and Kavitha
(2016). In addition, descriptive tests and one-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyse the survey data.
The results of the descriptive analysis showed that most of the
students believed that social media was a very useful tool in
their studies. That can help them boost their university-related
activities. The respondents described social media as
educational tools in their studies. So, it is expected that social
media positively affects students’ academic performances. The
results interestingly show that undergraduates at Alberoni
University are mostly inclined to use social media in a good
manner, that is, to improve their knowledge and information.
Additionally, social media may enable students to communicate
effectively with their peers to solve their classes’ problems, as
they described social media as an effective tool used for
communication. Also, students use social media to get their
respective lecturers' and faculty members’ announcements.
Then, social media enables them to be in touch with
classmates and friends in order to improve their communication
skills.
Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusions were drawn:
1. Students are addicted in using social media
because of the entertainment and convenience it
provides. People can stay updated with trends; watch
variety of videos, view photos, and read blogs online
through the use of social media.
2. Because students cannot always talk to their friends
or classmates personally, they can communicate with
them through the use of social media anywhere with
internet connection.
3. There are negative effects in using social media.
The struggle with using Social Medias that it can
distract the students from their studies and sometimes
lead to a poorer academic performance.
4. Social media can provide students with information
and ideas that would normally be difficult to access
through physical means. Social media can be used to
communicate the students’ professors and classmates
about their subjects, submit their schoolwork, collect
The respondents are mostly first year students, age of
17-18,
male, commonly using Facebook on their cellphone
through WiFi
connection and with a general weighted average of
2.26-2.00.
Saving a lot of time because of easy access and
transfer of data
due to collaboration with others using social
networking sites was
the observed effects of social media to academic
performance.
Effects of social media to academic performance is
not affected
Our research has revealed that college students were
likely to be affected by
social media. Social media is attractive; it not only
provides college students another
world to make friends, also provides a good way to
release pressure. To some degree, it
absolutely affects the lives of college students
including the grades. This research also
indicates that an approach is needed to better balance
the relationship between social
media and academic study. Therefore, college
students should think more about the
balancing equation of social media and academics.
A majority of the students used social networking
sites. Exces- sive social media use for non-academic
purpose distracted them from their learning and
academic activities and delayed their bed time, which
in turn reduced their sleep duration. Further our study
reported that, excessive social media use decreases
social face to face interaction. This has a negative
impact on social well-being and can lead to
depression, anxiety, and mood swings. Addition- ally,
late-night social media use reported in the present
study can lead to chronic sleep restriction, which plays
a significant role in the etiology of diseases associated
with metabolic syndrome. Modern lifestyle habits are
incompatible with the intrinsic attri- butes that we
inherit. Therefore, interventions should educate indi-
viduals about healthier sleep-hygiene practices and
help them modify their maladaptive sleep habits.
Furthermore, spending a lot of time on social media
can increase sitting durations and lower physical
activity levels, which in turn can lead to a sedentary
life- style. This can increase one’s risk of developing
metabolic syn- drome and chronic non-communicable
diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity
Overall, it can be
45
media can prove to be a very useful
source of learning, sharing and healthy activities
This study was designed to evaluate the
positive and negative effects of social
media on the academic performance of
students. Social media appeared to be a
modern tool of learning for
undergraduates in Afghanistan. No
differences were found between students'
academic achievements and their positive
and negative social media use. Lecturers,
faculties, and other social media users
should disseminate advantageous issues
that help students in terms of enhancing
their knowledge and information.
 Students’ Social Media Use and its
Perceived Impact on
their Social Life: A Case Study of the
University of
Zambia
Akakandelwa Akakandelwa and
Gabriel Walubita
2017 N/A The survey method was used to solicit data and
information from a sample of students
studying A Bachelor of Arts in Library and
Information Science (BALIS) and a Bachelor of
Special Education (BASE), School of
Education, University of Zambia. A sample of
240
participants was conveniently selected during
lecture hours of the second semester of
2016/17
academic year. A questionnaire was designed
bythe researchers to collect data. The data
obtained was analysed using the Statistical
Package for the Social Science, Version 23.
Social media has changed the way college students interact.
Yet the perceived impact on the social lives of students has not
been explored among Zambian university students. The
present study addressed this issue by examining the types of
commonly used social media platforms and the frequency of
social media use using survey data collected at the University
of Zambia, School of Education. The study also addressed the
reasons why students use social media and the perceived
effects of social media use on students' social lives.Our results
have demonstrated that the sampled University of Zambia
students preferred to use Whatsapp more for social activities
such as obtaining new information, keeping in touch with old
friends and family, and strengthening relationships than for
academic purposes (using social media for school work). The
majority of students engaged in social media for more than 30
minutes per day.The results also showed that most of the
sampled students found social media "irresistible" to the extent
that they checked their social media sites before doing
something else, felt their academic productivity suffered
because of social media, failed to cut down on time spent on
social media, received negative comments from others about
their use of social media, and felt stressed out due to social
media use.Based on the findings of this study, it is
recommended that university management develop policies
that encourage innovative usage of social media for
educational purposes such as group discussions, group
research projects, etc., while minimizing its negative impact on
students by controlling social media use among students
during learning sessions.
This study makes an important contribution to
understanding university students' use of social media
and its effects on their social lives. The findings of the
current study have important implications. First, these
results unlock the potential to identify students who
may have social media addiction problems, which
cause detrimental effects such as poor grade
performance among students. Second, understanding
the effects of social media on students' social
development allows the teaching staff at the University
of Zambia to design learning content that fits the social
and personal needs of students. The present study
has demonstrated that students tend to use WhatsApp
for no less than 30 minutes per day. Thus, course
lecturers can consider using social media to
disseminate vital course information to their students.
Third, since students use social media for non-
academic purposes, lecturers can develop teaching
strategies that utilise social media for teaching and
learning, which in turn increases lecturer-student
interaction for better academic achievement. Finally,
by learning about the adverse effects of social media,
such as depression and addiction, students can be
encouraged to regulate their heavy use of social
media.

12