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CHN 2 Chapter 3
CHN 2 Chapter 3
CHN 2 Chapter 3
CHAPTER I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING For IFSU used only.
2
DEMOGRAPHY
• The science which deals with the study of the human population’s size,
composition and distribution in space.
• Population size simply refers to the number of people in a given place
or area at a given time.
• Population composition is when population is described/ characterized
according to variables such as age, sex, occupation, or educational
level.
Sources of Demographic Data
1. CENSUS
ü The most important source of demographic data.
ü The word “census” is derived from the Latin word censere
which means “to assess”.
ü An official count of the people of a country or district including
age, sex, employment etc.
ü An official and periodic enumeration of population.
ü Demographic, economic, and social data are collected from
specified population group.
ü These data are later collated, synthesized and made known to
the public for the purpose of determining and explaining
trends in terms of population changes and planning programs
and services
ü Two methods of Census Collection:
2. REGISTRATION
ü Otherwise known as life or vital statistics.
3. SAMPLE SURVEY
ü Sample survey is another source of collecting population data.
Information is collected from a sample of individuals rather
than from the entire population.
Population Composition
1. Sex Composition
ü To describe the sex composition, compute for the sex ratio. The
sex ratio compares the number of males to the number of females
in the population using the formula below.
ü The sex ratio represents the number of males for every 100
females in the population.
2. AGE COMPOSITION
ü there are two ways to describe the age composition of the
population.
a. MEDIAN AGE divides the population into two equal
parts.
b. DEPENDENCY RATIO compares the number of
economically dependent with the economically
productive group in the population.
o Economically dependent- 0 to 14 and 65 and above
age groups
o Economically productive- 15 to 64 age groups
Population Distribution
Swaroop’s Index
Formula:
SWAROOP’S INDEX= Number of deaths among those 50 years and over X1000
total deaths
Formula:
CASE FATALITY RATE= Number of deaths from a specific cause X1000
number of cases of the same disease
Incidence Rate
Formula:
INCIDENCE RATE= Number of new cases of disease developing from a period of time X F
population at risk of developing the disease
Prevalence Rate
Formula:
PREVALENCE RATE= Number of old and new cases of a disease X F
population examined
Example 1:
There is a total of 84 maternal deaths in 2008 among state residents. The
total number of live births on the same year is 130,000. Compute for Maternal
Mortality Rate.
Solution:
Given
Total maternal deaths in 2008= 84
Total live births in 2008= 130,000
Solve for: Maternal Mortality Rate
Solution:
MMR= Number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery X100,000
number of live births
Answer: MMR= 64.6 maternal deaths per 100,000 live birth in 2008
among state residents
MALE
1. Ischemic Heart Diseases
2. Cerebrovascular Diseases
3. Neoplasms
4. Pneumonia
5. Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections
6. Respiratory Tuberculosis
7. Diabetes Mellitus
8. Hypertensive Diseases
9. Other Heart Diseases
10. Assault
FEMALE
1. Ischemic Heart Disease
2. Neoplasms
3. Pneumonia
4. Cerebrovascular Diseases
5. Diabetes Mellitus
6. Hypertensive Diseases
7. Other Heart Diseases
8. Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections
9. Respiratory Tuberculosis
10. Remainder of diseases of the Genitourinary System