23-04-2022

23-APRIL-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 23rd April 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Fishing for workable solutions in the Palk Bay 10 12 8 8 8

Pallava-style stones exposed by strong waves on Mamallapuram

2 6 - - - -
beach
3 People’s drive to document tidal flooding - 11 - - 6

4 Experts to speak on epilepsy management at webinar tomorrow 6 - - - -

7 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
8 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 10 - C;
Pg: 12 - B;
Pg: 8 - D, H, T.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject
specialization.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
 India and its neighborhood- relations.
 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

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Palk Bay

• Palk Strait - narrow channel of sea separates Sri Lanka from India.

Kachchativu - island in Palk Strait.

 Preferred fishing location for centuries by fisherman of India and Sri Lanka.

Issues

• International Maritime Boundary line (IMBL)

issue.

 Invisible demarcation and not well-defined.

 Unknowingly enter or drifted in an adverse

Katchatheevu
weather condition to Sri Lankan waters.

 Liberal regulation by Sri Lankan govt. before

Civil war.

• Scenario after civil war ended in 2009.

 Indian fisherman intercepted for crossing

• Katchatheevu island issue:
IMBL - accused of illegal fishing, arrested
and boats confiscated.  Agreement signed in 1974 ceded island to
Sri Lanka.
• Confiscated boats auctioned off by the Sri
Lankan govt.  Tamil Nadu govt.’s opinion was not sought.

 Against the bilateral understanding between • Use of mechanised fishing vessels and

the Governments of India and Sri Lankan. practicing ‘bottom trawling’ by Indian
fisherman.
 Exploitative method of fishing and affects
the marine resources.

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Reasons for the issue

• Palk Bay - rich in marine resources -

livelihood of fishermen depends on it.

• Traditional fishing relationship for centuries

• Lack of fishing areas consequent to the

demarcation of the IMBL.

• Distance of IMBL from Indian side is short.

 True for Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram,

Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu.

 Tamil Nadu Marine Fishing Regulation Act

1983 - mechanised fishing boats allowed Source - https://www.firstpost.com/

only beyond 3 NM from the coast.

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India and Sri Lanka Joint Working Group: 5th JWC meeting
1. to enhance cooperation on patrolling during fishing days.
• Deliberation:
2. sharing the enquiry report on the recent death of Tamil
 To release the fishermen and fishing Nadu fishermen.
boats. 3. exercising maximum precaution and humanitarian approach
during apprehension
 To discuss the procedures and
4. release the boats on humanitarian ground since those boats
protocols to be followed during the are the only source of livelihood of Tamil Nadu fishermen
patrolling, apprehension . 5. the Tamil Nadu boats which were apprehended before the
Sri Lanka Fishing Act amendment, 2018 may be released
 To handle the fishermen in
6. both the countries agreed to conduct collaborative
humanitarian manner and release. research to improve the marine environment/ ecosystem in
Palk Bay region
7. steps taken by Tamil Nadu to protect marine environment
of Palk Bay area to reduce the fishing pressure in inshore
waters.
8. to organize fishermen level talk, to ease out the tension
between both the countries.

Suggestions by author
• Modifying the scheme on deep sea fishing to
• Include fishermen of two countries in the include the unit cost of fishing vessel along with
negotiations. running/operating cost.

 Ideal in April-May - annual 45-day • Implementing Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada

fishing ban. Yojana (PMMSY) in Tamil nadu in a proactive
manner.
 Indian fishermen to present a road map
for transition to deep sea fishing or  Covers alternative livelihood measures -
alternative methods of fishing. seaweed cultivation, open sea cage cultivation,
and sea/ocean ranching.
 The Central and State govts. can
guarantee the transition. • Early commissioning of joint research on fisheries
- pave way for arriving at scientific solutions.
 Sri Lankan fisherman to understand the
transition cannot be abrupt and refrain • Establish permanent multi-stakeholder institutional
from adopting rigid legal measures. mechanism to regulate fishing activity.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. What are the options available to resolve
the festering India-Sri Lanka fisheries
dispute?
(150 words, 10 marks)

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Pg: 6 - C.

Source - https://www.indiatoday.in/

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Pallavas

• Ruled over Thondaimandalam.

• 560 CE to 906 CE.

• Monuments inspired by
Shaivism, Vaishnavism,
Jainism and Buddhism.

• Built both rock cut and

structural monuments.

Rock Cut Architecture

Mandagapattu Temple

• By Mahendravarman
Source - https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Pancha Pandava Rathas

• Five Rathas

 Draupadi ratha

 Dharmaraja ratha

 Bheema ratha

 Arjuna ratha

 Nagula Sahadeva ratha

• Outer walls of raths decorated by

gods, goddesses, monarchs and
scenes from mythology. Source - https://upload.wikimedia.org/

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Arjuna's penance or the Decent of the Ganges

Source - https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Structural Temples

• 700 CE structural temples replaced rock

cut temples.

• Structural temples provided wider scope

for the sculptor.

Shore temple

• By Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha)

• Temple east oriented.

• Three shrines

 Two shires for Shiva, one facing east

and other facing west.

 One shrine for Vishnu. (Anantashayana)

Source - https://upload.wikimedia.org/
• Water tank, Gopuram.

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Other Structural Temples

• Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about
 Narasimhavarman II , Raja Simha
Mahendravarma I
• Kanchi Vaikunta Perumal Temple 1. He is also known as Mamalla. He built the famous
city of Mamallapuram.
 Nandhivarman II
2. He defeated Chalukya king Pulakeshin II in the
famous Battle of Vatapi.
3. He wrote the Sanskrit play Mattavilasa Prahasana.
Which of the following statements are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) None of the above

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Pg: 11 - B;

Pg: 6 - T.

Tidal flooding

• Also called coastal flooding.

• Temporary inundation of coastal areas during exceptionally high tides or storm surges.

High tide (high-tide flooding)

• Occurs when tides reach from 1.75 to 2 feet above the daily
average high tide.

• Consequence - spilling onto streets or bubbling up from storm drains.

• Minor tidal flooding - non-life-threatening floods.

• Other names - recurrent,

sunny-day, shallow coastal
or nuisance flooding.

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/

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Storm surges

• Coastal phenomenon.

• Abnormal rise in the sea level generated by a storm - over

and above the predicted astronomical tides.

• Cyclone provides the driving force - very high horizontal

pressure-gradient and very strong surface winds.

• Causes sea water flow across the coast

• Climate change and the resultant sea-level rise

worsen the impacts.

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/

Tidal flooding

• Usually occurs over a short period of time.

• Quickly causes significant impacts to low lying

coastal areas.

• When coastal defences are unable to contain the

normal predicted high tides.

• Rising sea level aggravates the situation.

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Impacts

• Affect the low-lying and exposed assets or infrastructure -

roads, harbours, public storm-, waste- and fresh-water
systems, private and commercial properties.

• Erodes beaches and embankments.

• Inundation of human settlements, affecting lives and livelihood.

• Contamination and spread of infection/disease.

• Inundation of agricultural fields - destroys vegetationand

reduces soil fertility.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following statements is/are
correct with reference to tidal flooding?
a) It occurs as a result of water
overflowing from river channels.
b) It is caused by exceptionally high tides
and not by storm surges.
c) It results in inundation of agricultural
fields and reducing soil fertility.
d) It is a minor type of flooding and
always non-life threatening.

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Pg: 6 - C.

Epilepsy Causes

• Chronic noncommunicable disease of the brain • Categories

• Characterized by recurrent seizures  Structural  Metabolic

• WHO statistics - 50 million people  Genetic  Immune

• Common in India  Infectious  Unknown

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• Examples Prevention

 Brain damage from prenatal or perinatal • Preventing head injury.

causes.
• Adequate perinatal care.
 Congenital abnormalities or genetic conditions
• Use of drugs to lower the body
 Severe head injury. temperature – to reduce febrile seizures.

 Stroke. • Cardiovascular risk factor reduction

 Infection of the brain - meningitis,  Control of high blood pressure, diabetes

encephalitis or neurocysticercosis. and obesity.

 Genetic syndromes.  Avoidance of tobacco and excessive

alcohol use.
 Brain tumour.
• Elimination of parasites.
• One seizure - does not signify epilepsy.

• Epilepsy – 2 or more unprovoked seizures.

WHO
Impacts
• Major public health concern.
• Economic
• WHO, and the International League Against
 Health-care needs.
Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for
 Premature death. Epilepsy (IBE).

 Loss of work productivity.  Led Global Campaign Against Epilepsy.

• Social  Objectives

 Social stigma and discrimination.  Provide better information.

 Raise awareness.

 Strengthen public and private efforts.

 To improve care & reduce disease’s impact.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Epilepsy
1. It is a neurological disorder but is
contagious.
2. It is caused due to genetic factors only.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Practice Question – Prelims
Q2. Consider the following statements with
Q1. Which of the following statements is/are reference to Epilepsy
correct with reference to tidal flooding?
1. It is a neurological disorder but is
a) It occurs as a result of water contagious.
overflowing from river channels.
2. It is caused due to genetic factors only.
b) It is caused by exceptionally high tides Which of the above statements is/are
and not by storm surges. correct?
c) It results in inundation of agricultural a) 1 only
fields and reducing soil fertility.
b) 2 only
d) It is a minor type of flooding and
always non-life threatening. c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q3. Consider the following statements about
Mahendravarma I
1. He is also known as Mamalla. He built the
famous city of Mamallapuram.
2. He defeated Chalukya king Pulakeshin II in the
famous Battle of Vatapi. Practice Question - Answers
3. He wrote the Sanskrit play Mattavilasa Q1. Option (c)
Prahasana.
Q2. Option (d)
Which of the following statements are correct?
Q3. Option (c)
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) None of the above

Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. What are the options available to resolve
the festering India-Sri Lanka fisheries
dispute?
(150 words, 10 marks)

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