MINI PROJECT

MBA
RESEARCH DESIGN OR TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. RESEARCH DESIGN OR TYPES OF RESEARCH

2. HYPOTHESIS
3. SAMPLING techniques
4. DATA ANALYSIS TOOL
5. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT OR QUESTIONNAIRE
• Exploratory research
• Exploratory research is preliminary study of an unfamiliar problem
about which the researcher has little or no knowledge. The purpose
of an exploratory study may be:
• -To generate new ideas
• -To increase the researcher’s familiarity with the problem
• - To make a precise formulation of the problem
• - To gather information for clarifying concepts
• -To determine feasibility of the study
• 4. Descriptive research
• Descriptive study is a fact-finding investigation with adequate
interpretation. It is used to describe characteristics of a population or
phenomenon being studied. It addresses the "what" question and
does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics
occurred. Here data are mainly collected by observation, interviewing
and mail questionnaire.
Analytical research
Analytical research is one where the researcher has to use facts and
information which are available and after collecting these data the
researcher can analyse and make a critical evaluation on the materials
in the method of analytical research. Analytical study is primarily
concerned with testing hypothesis and specifying and interpreting
relationships. It employs advanced statistical techniques like correlation
and multivariate analysis.
Sampling techniques

Probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

Probability sampling: Under this sampling design, every item of the
universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. For example:
lottery
Types of Probability Sampling
• Simple Random Sampling
• Systematic Sampling
• Stratified sampling
Non-probability sampling
Judgemental sampling or purposive sampling
This sampling design is based on the judgement of the researcher as to
who will provide the best information to succeed for the objectives
study. Here the researcher only go to those people who in his opinion
are likely to have the required information and be willing to share it.
Expert sampling
The researcher here seeks for the consent of those that are expert or
known expert in the area of study, and begin the process of collecting
his information directly from individual or group of respondent
Sample size
If the population is small
use formula method
n=N/1+0.005N
FOR EXAMPLE
IF POPULATION IS N=50
n=50/1+(0.005*50 )
=40
Testing of Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis(H0 AND H1)
• The level of significance (5% OR 10%) it means 95% accuracy or 90%
accuracy
• Hypothesis created based on 2 variables which can be correlated
For eg: in mktg
H0: there is no significant relation between price and income level
In HR
H0: there is no significant relation between salary and productivity
In Fin:
H0: there is no significant relation between WCR and ROA
DATA ANALYSIS TOOL

• Parametric and Non-parametric tests

• Parametric tests
Assumptions like observations come from a normal population, sample size
is large, assumptions about the population parameters like mean, variance,
etc., must hold good before parametric tests can be used.
• Parametric tests are:
• z-test;
• t-test;
• χ2-test(chi-square-test), and
• F-test.
Non-parametric tests

• When the word “non parametric” is used in stats, it doesn’t quite

mean that you know nothing about the population. It usually means
that you know the population data does not have a normal
distribution.
• The main non-parametric tests are:
Spearman Rank Correlation
Pearson correlation
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT OR QUESTIONNAIRE
Contains 2 parts
Part A with personal profile questions
Part B with variables used in the study in Likert’s 4 point or 5 point
Final question should be an open question