MAHARASHTRA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR

B.A.LL.B.(Hons.) Year-I, Semester-II: Academic Year : 2021-2022

First Open Book Assessment, February-2022

Course Code and Name: 2.5 English-II

Name of Students: Kanade Janhvi Vikas UID: UG21-57

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Answer 1.
Introduction:
Despite being different fields of social sciences, literature and law share some
similarities and purposes. Literature favors abstraction, originality, and variety
in description and storytelling, as well as a wide range of genres. Law, on the
other hand, favors clarity, logical interpretation, a defined pattern and style of
drafting, and a wide range of branches.
"There is a deep and complex link between law and literature. Literary critics
and legal academics researching modern literature have given the subject a lot
of thought over the last three and a half decades. Since the 1973 publication of
James Boyd White's The Legal Imagination, a slew of books and articles have
examined the role of law in Shakespeare's plays and novels by Dostoevsky,
Melville, Kafka, and Camus. Some writers have approached works of literature
from a jurisprudential standpoint, while others have applied literary analysis
tools to legal writings such as statutes, contracts, and judicial decisions, which
create comparable interpretive issues as works of fiction. Some have even
suggested that imaginative literature should be obligatory reading in law
schools, with metaphor and narrative taking precedence over legal analysis."
Comparisons between Law and Literature:
"Law in Literature" and "Law as Literature" are the two major categories in
which law and literature can be studied. We should note the description of legal
order in classics and dramas as a reflection of "Law in Literature." We employ
literary works and literary theory to explain all types of law regulations and
their instances when we look at it as "Literature in Law." This is referred to as
"Legal Literature."
In books and dramas, "literary in law" plays a crucial role.The worth of law can
be discerned through different media. We can better comprehend the timing of
legislation and its worth to society by looking at it through this lens. It permits
us to ponder human beings and their communities in greater depth. Looking at
the topic "As Literature in Law," we can observe that this method has ways that
are easy to learn and explain. For example, to explain the law and the true
meaning of certain guidelines, we employ clues and descriptions. The function
of law can be discerned through classics and dramas. Actually, the above-
mentioned categories should not be so distinct, nor should they be that
dissimilar. Both disciplines focus on how to deal with literary terms and the
meaning of the law. Law and Literature have a lot in common, but they also
have a lot of differences.
Role of literature in comprehension of law:
Literature favours abstraction, originality, and variety in description and
storytelling, as well as a wide range of genres. Law, on the other hand, is
diverse in its branches and strives for clarity, logical interpretation scope, a
definite pattern and style of drafting. Literature study is essential for a law
student in many ways. Literature has frequently been used in the administration
of justice and the formulation of judgments and pleas. Many judges and lawyers
use quotations from literature to make their points. Literature as a field of study
and literature as a teaching tool for law students may have different dimensions
and necessitate different approaches. Teachers have used literature as a teaching
tool for the study of law in a variety of experiments. Students are given projects
to analyse the use of literary quotes in judgments and other legal draughts,
storytelling and narrative techniques are used to improve a lawyer's skill of legal
narratology, poem creation to express feelings and ideas in the most subtle way
possible and understand the use of apt words and expression in writing,
conversion of real cases into stories and detective stories into cases with
legalities for honing drafting skills and imagination, The purpose of this
research paper is to investigate how literature may be used as a pedagogical
instrument to aid in the study of law and how it can help a lawyer improve
certain skills.
Conclusion:
By contrasting Law with Literature, we can see how two disparate concepts can
coexist. These masterpieces are used to teach law students. It makes them more
humane and socially conscious. Human behaviour is governed by the law. The
subjects of law were constrained by the realities of life. Literature, on the other
hand, is in a similar condition. The limitless Literature can provide inspiration
and direction to lawyers. Law enforcement officers can improve their writing
skills by reading these classics. What's more essential is that we gain sensitivity
and compassion through literature. Its riches infiltrate our life, and "literature
keeps one conscious" through it.
Answer 2.
Introduction:
Persuasive writing is a type of writing that is used to persuade others. The goal
of persuasive writing is to support your client's legal position and persuade your
reader to agree with the client's legal conclusion. Two fundamental principles
must be kept in mind when writing persuasively: viewpoint and audience.
Reflecting on how you see an issue or circumstance, and maybe more
importantly, how your client sees her problem or situation, takes perspective.
You can learn how or why you are focused on the view of the problem that you
have by assessing your perspective. Once you have a solid command of your
motivation, then you can turn to communicating that position to others.
When utilised in legal settings, narrative's persuasive abilities present ethical
concerns. Some ethical principles apply to convincing legal storey depending on
the jurisdiction, however these rules set a minimum threshold that doesn't
address how to analyse more complex kinds of fabrication, such as what kind of
inferences can be taken from facts to support a narrative. The necessity to
provide lawyers discretion in crafting persuasive arguments does not mean that
dishonesty by lawyers or law students should be overlooked. The existing lack
of guidance for lawyers and students, which contributes to scepticism about fact
presentation, should be remedied by providing instruction on how to employ
persuasive legal storytelling in an effective and ethical manner.

Answers 3.
Introduction:
The Jungle Books, written by Rudyard Kipling and first published in 1894 and
1895, tell the storey of Mowgli, a kid raised by wolves in the Indian jungle. The
stories have remained popular, inspiring various adaptations - but some parents
and commentators have questioned their sentiments, seeing them as a vestige of
Britain's colonial past.

Indeed, a traditional interpretation of the stories is that they are an allegory for
the position of the European colonialist born and nurtured in India. According
to Kipling expert John McClure, Mowgli — the Indian kid who becomes
"master" of the jungle – is "behaving towards the beasts as the British do to the
Indians."
The Jungle Book stories spend a lot of time talking about belonging, and they
raise some interesting concerns about what constitutes membership to a certain
group or community: is it a matter of being born into a group, or is it a matter of
tradition and social agreement?
Mowgli has a hybrid identity because he was reared by wolves and initiated into
their society. The tiger Shere Khan opposes Mowgli's hybrid identity, calling it
"man-wolf nonsense." He believes that his hatred for Mowgli is legitimate
because he is "a man, a man's child" at heart. On the other side, Akela, the wolf
pack's leader, claims to be related to Mowgli because:
He has eaten our food. He has slept with us. He has driven game for us. He has
broken no word of the Law of the Jungle. … He is our brother in all but bloodi.
The animals grouped in the law of the jungle suggest imperialistic
undertone:
"Look for the bare minimum. The basic minimum is all that is required. Leave
your problems and strife behind." This well-known remark generates emotion in
people from all walks of life, as Disney films appeal to people all over the
world. The message from Baloo to Mowgli in this phrase could be seen as the
average stereotype of people remaining worried while all other earthly things,
such as animals, live without cares and without responsibilities. The tragic
storey of Mowgli's birth parents abandoning him to be raised by wolves, who
must finally send him on his way, takes the young youngster on a once-in-a-
lifetime adventure that comes back to haunt him. Mowgli's experiences in the
forest make him an instant threat to mankind, who do not completely
comprehend him. Mowgli the man-cub, a young imperialist who was too
intelligent about animals to fit in with his own kind, but too human to stay in the
jungle with the animals, grew to despise the one-of-a-kind youngster who
terrified both communities.
The hidden implications in the phrases of the monkeys become apparent when
watching this seemingly innocent children's film. King Louie and his henchmen
were unlike any of the other characters in the film since they did not speak with
a British accent, and the monkeys were not as peaceful and polite as the other
creatures. Mowgli is greeted with a song when he first visits King Louie in his
decaying empire of a home. As the King sung, "Now I'm the King of the
Swingers," the message implied imperialistic notions of both the white man's
burden and Anglo saxonism. Oh, the VIPs of the jungle I've reached the summit
and had to come to a halt, and that's what's bugging me: I want to be a man,
man-cub, and saunter right into town, just like the other men; I'm sick of
monkeying around! ... Oh, oobee doo, I want to be like you. I want to talk like
you. You'll see what I mean. "Even an ape like myself can learn to function as a
human." This phrase, in which the King declares that he "wants to be a man," is
an example of Anglo saxonism, because the monkeys' desire to be like Mowgli
fits the generalisation that to be like the superiors is to be a superior, because
humans are intended to rule the universe. People have transformed the culture
of other populations to envy their own to justify colonialism, as the King sings
of being "weary of monkeyin' around... an ape like me can learn to be human
too." King Louie expresses his opinions in a pleasant, welcoming manner that a
youngster would not understand because they watch the monkeys singing and
dancing while Mowgli appears to love the show.
Subliminal messages of imperialism can be found in Disney's The Jungle Book,
such as a nation imposing political or economic power over a smaller nation.
Because he is a human, Mowgli the "man-cub" is portrayed as the larger nation,
despite having been nurtured by animals in the wild. We witness evidence of
Mowgli reforming a few animals throughout the film, as they "need man's red
bloom," which refers to fire. Because the animals are scared of fire, numerous
different words for fire are employed throughout the film. The concept of fire is
another another indication of how, throughout the film, Mowgli is the greater
power, the more revolutionised individual. The major theme of the film, and
how it connects to imperialism, is that Mowgli represents the larger nation, the
one to which all others aspire. The monkeys represent the ignorant and
uncivilised population since their personalities are all disorganised and narrow-
minded. Mowgli's job is to teach and care for them; he is what the monkeys
aspire to be, and they were Mowgli before he evolved.

Answers 4.
Introduction:
Anthon Chekhov stands out for his artistic ingenuity in crafting his short stories,
which are brimming with a cornucopia of ideas, with pinpoint precision. He has
amassed a large number of cutting-edge concepts that express a range of
emotions that can be described as sentimental, emotive, ambiguous, strange,
hilarious, and even frightening and taunting. Anthon Chekhov's writing is a
flowing outflow of emotional intelligence and the essence of existence.
Chekhovian short tales don't provide the reader a clear message; instead, they
cater to the readers by allowing them to extract the stories' themes from a maze
of twists and turns. Chekhov owes a great deal to Russian literature since he
understood the Russian people's nerves and mentality. His delineation of the
individuals is done with a delicate touch, and his interactions with them have an
emollient tone. His hands-on experience with societal ills binds him to offer a
scenario of Russia's decadent, corroding, and worked-up society. His use of the
word also helps to sharpen and improve the characterization. With a single
thread polished to a fine texture, his words are braided into an enticing artwork.
His plot is rife with comedic allusions, resulting in a portrayal of Russian
society's ills. In general, his writing has always been displays of human people
and the world's intricacies.
A wager is made in Anton Chekhov's short novella "The Bet," which transforms
the lives of two people. The storey opens with a heated debate at a party on
whether capital punishment or life imprisonment is more moral. The banker,
who is hosting the party, believes that capital punishment is more moral because
it kills the victim sooner rather than taking a long time. A twenty-five-year-old
lawyer at the party reacts by declaring that he would prefer the life sentence
because any life is preferable to no life at all. Hearing this remark, the banker
wagers $2 million on the lawyer's inability to survive five years in solitary
prison. In order to make a point, the lawyer accepts the wager but increases it to
fifteen years. The wager stipulates that the lawyer must spend fifteen years in
solitary confinement with no human interaction, although he is allowed to have
any books, music, or wine he desires. The lawyer learns the value of human life
over the course of fifteen years. "The Bet," by Anton Chekhov, underlines the
idea that a human life is considerably more valuable than money.
However, the themes are universal in that they include all facets of human life.
The individual has surpassed all others in the field of short storey writing and
has established himself as a literary icon. In decoding the human character, no
other writer is as thorough, as keen, or as perceptive as he is. As a result, the
readers can simply detect his allure from his massive writing. His anecdotes act
as a mirror of Russian society at the time, and he provided a detailed account of
all the maladies and hardships he witnessed, experienced, and suffered on a
huge scale. He was excellent in portraying characters who were both familiar
and foreign to the readers. His life coincided with the pinnacle of Russian
euphoria. He was full of deep thoughts, but owing to his unobtrusive
demeanour, he didn't say much. He had feelings in the Russian sense, but he
continued to discreetly express them. His descriptions in the stories generate
imagery, making the narrative about Russia's pinpricks more graphic and
gorgeous.
Human apathy towards morality and self-centred attitudes as emerged in
Anton Chekov’s The Bet:
In The Bet, Chekhov also discusses the struggle between idealistic and
opportunistic characters (1889). Through the lawyers and bankers, Chekov
establishes the clash between idealism and the folly of some quirky individuals.
Some guys become nonentities as a result of their beliefs, and other opportunists
gain the upper hand in their lives. The stakes were set on the topic of capital
punishment versus life in prison. At the cost of the banker's gamble of two
million rubles, the lawyer is sentenced to life in jail. In The Bet, men's apathy
toward morals and their self-centered mentality has become a prominent theme.
Furthermore, there is a sense of empathy; life is a gamble in which you can win
or lose; some men tolerate suffering for their own bravery, while others suffer
most of their suffering out of whim, while others suffer for physical pains.
Finally, the lawyer becomes a defaulter as a result of his leniency toward the
banker's loss. Later, repentance engulfs the banker for his wrongdoing, and it is
as close to heaven as it gets, and it will pierce his conscience for the rest of his
life.
Conclusion:
Chekhov is the most prolific and condescending short tale writer ever. His
stories deal with marital entanglements, the hardships of struggling people, the
pleasures of the rich, the helplessness of the oppressed, and the loneliness of a
human being among the throng. He appears to be very attentive in presenting
his persona in his short works. His characters are influenced by a wide range of
characteristics, paving the path for a conglomerate like impressionable. His
short stories are concise, incisive, and have a carping tone as they delve deeper
and deeper into the plot. His goal was to free himself from state-mandated
restrictions as well as internal restrictions imposed by the environment.