Mathematics [4.2] Proportion Mitsa Tutoring Organization || 2021.

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PROPORTION

MEASURE Test your knowledge!

INSTRUCTIONS: Before continuing with the lesson, how much do you think
you know about ratio and proportion? Answer this short test! Match each
definition in Column A with the correct term from Column B.

Column A Column B

____ 1. The symbol used to denote a ratio A. proportion

____ 2. The numbers being compared in a ratio B. extremes

____ 3. The outermost numbers in a proportion C. ratio

____ 4. An equation that states the equality of two ratios D. =

____ 5. A comparison between two or more quantities E. terms

F. :

INSPIRE Set your goals!

Define proportion

Solve for the missing terms in a proportion

Identify the differences between ratio and proportion

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TEACH Learn with us!

Proportion
Proportion is an equation that states that two ratios are equal. It defines
the equality of the two ratios.
Proportions are denoted by the equal sign (=). In some cases, proportions
are also denoted by the double colon symbol (::) but for this module, the
equal sign will be used.

Example:
If you recall from the last module topic about ratio, a ratio can be written as a
fraction. Using this information and your previous knowledge about
fractions, give any ratio that is equal to 2:6 and write the pair of ratios in a
proportion.

*Note: If you multiply or divide each term of the initial ratio by the same non-
zero number, the resulting ratio will still be equal.

Possible Answers: 2:6 = 1:3

2:6 = 24:72
2:6 = 5:15

Terms in a Proportion
The first and fourth terms (or the outermost terms) in a proportion are called
extremes.
Meanwhile, the second and third terms (or the innermost terms) are called
means.

means

a:b = c:d

extremes

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Solving for the Missing Terms in a Proportion
*Note: In a proportion, the product of the means and the product of the
extremes are equal.

→ To solve for the missing term in a proportion:

If the missing term is a mean, multiply the two extremes and divide the
product by the given mean.

Example:
Find the value of x in the following proportion: 16 : 20 = x : 65

Solution:

20x = 65 × 16

(65 × 16)
x = Multiply the two extremes.
20

1040 Divide the product by the given

x =
20 mean.

x = 52

Answer: The value of x is 52.

If the missing term is an extreme, multiply the two means and divide the
product by the given extreme.

Example:
Find the value of x in the following proportion: 3 : 22 = 15 : x

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Solution:

3x = 22 × 15

(22 × 15)
x = Multiply the two means.
3

330 Divide the product by the given

x =
3 extreme.

x = 110

Answer: The value of x is 110.

Word Problem Example:

If Wilbur was on a 100-kilometer drive, he would have used up a total of 9.4
litres of car fuel during the trip. The distance between London City and
Brighton City is 103 km. Assuming the car will continue to consume fuel at
the same rate, how many litres of fuel does he need for a roundtrip from
Brighton to London and back?

Solution:
*Note: Since it's a roundtrip, we have to multiply 103 km by 2.
Proportion: 9.4 litres : 100 kilometers = x litres : 206 kilometers

100x = 9.4 × 206

(9.4 × 206)
x = Multiply the two extremes.
100

1936.4 Divide the product by the given

x =
100 mean.

x = 19.364 litres

Answer: Wilbur needs 19.364 litres of fuel for the roundtrip.

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Difference Between Ratio and Proportion

In order to avoid confusion between ratio and proportion, study this quick
comparison chart.

RATIO PROPORTION

Used to compare two values of the Used to express that two ratios are
same unit equal
Expressed using either an equal sign (=)
Expressed using a colon (:)
or a double colon (::)

An expression An equation

SUMMARIZE Wrap it up!

FORMAT OF A PROPORTION: a : b = c : d

PROPORTION An equation that states that two ratios are equal

EXTREMES The first and fourth terms in a proportion

MEANS The second and third terms in a proportion

*Note: Product of Means = Product of Extremes

→ To solve for the missing term in a proportion:
If the missing term is a mean, multiply the two extremes and divide
the product by the given mean.
If the missing term is an extreme, multiply the two means and
divide the product by the given extreme.

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APPLY Check your learning!

I. INSTRUCTIONS: Find the value of x in the following proportions:

1) 1 : 13 = 7 : x
2) 4 : x = 24 : 42
3) 36 : 12 = x : 23

II. INSTRUCTIONS: Solve the following word problems:

1) Niki calculated that she can make 3 bucket hats from 645 meters of
crochet yarn. She wanted to make a stock of 10 bucket hats before
starting an online business selling crochet items. How many meters
of yarn does she need?

2) Tommy found out that a dozen cans of Coca-Cola soda costs 300
pesos. He wanted to buy 30 cans for his section's Christmas party.
How much money does he need?

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ANSWER KEY

Measure: Apply:

1) F I. 1) 91
2) E 2) 7
3) B 3) 69
4) A
5) C II. 1) 2150 meters of yarn
2) 750 pesos

REFERENCES
Byju’s. (n.d.). Ratios And Proportion (Definition, Formulas, Tricks, & Examples).
Retrieved from https://byjus.com/maths/ratios-and-proportion/

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