CARBON DIOXIDE (4500-CO2)/Nomographic Determination 4-27

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Temp- Pivot PH Hydroxyl ion Total dissolved
erature, line concentration, solids, mg/L
C° mg/L as CaC03

r 0.5 800

90 700
- 1
80 '- 600

r 2 '- 500
70-
i- 3 - 400
60- 4
- 9.0 5
6 '- 300
50
r 10

10.0 - 200
40 r
L 20
30
30 -_ 40 - 100
11.0 50
60
12 3 4 5
80
20 - r 100

L- 12.0 r 200
10 -
i-300
L
400
^500
1-600
0- t 800 0

Figure 4500-CO2:1. Nomograph for evaluation of hydroxide ion concentration. To use: Align temperature (Scale 1) and total dissolved solids (Scale 5); pivot
on Line 2 to proper pH (Scale 3); read hydroxide ion concentration, as mg CaCO3/L, on Scale 4. (Example: For 13°C temperature, 240 mg
total dissolved solids/L, pH 9.8, the hydroxide ion concentration is found to be 1.4 mg as CaCO3/L.)
4-28 INORGANIC NONMETALS (4000)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Temperature, Pivot Total dissolved pH Constant [AlkyHOH-], [HCCV],
C° line solids, 01,, mg/L mg/L as CaC03
mg/L *->• 2

75 75
800 —
80^=^70
90 -f
700 —
100-;
— 50 600 —
3
r 45. 4
500- 6
- 40
8
10
- 35 400 —

30
40
60
80
100

200
1.3-=^ 15 300
400
600 30
800
40
50
60
80
- 100

- 300
- 400
- 500
•fir- 200
200 -S-

Figure 4SOO-CO2:2. Nomograph for evaluation of bicarbonate alkalinity. To use: Align temperature (Scale 1) and total dissolved solids (Scale 3); pivot on
Line 2 to proper pH (Scale 4) and read constant on Scale 5; locate constant on Scale 6 and align with nonhydroxide alkalinity (found with
aid of Figure 4500-CO2:1) on Scale 7; read bicarbonate alkalinity on Scale 8. (Example: For 13°C temperature, 240 mg total dissolved
solids/L, pH 9.8, and 140 mg alkalinity/L, the bicarbonate content is found to be 90 mg as CaCO3/L.)
 CARBON DIOXIDE (4500-CO2)/Nomographic Determination 4-29

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Temperature, Pivot Total dissolved pH Constant [Alky]-[OH-] [C03-],
C° line solids, mg/L mg/L as CaC03

75_ 75 2500 -_
r
70 800 — 2000^ •T 2500 800
90
:f 60 =-2000
700 — ^ 600
1000^ E
100 ^^ goog - 500
-50 600;§j 400
600 — 7.0 — ^1000
T 45 -400-!
300-lp- 800 300

-40
500 — 7.5 — 200—; i- 600 200
=- 500
^
I 100 ^i |- 400
400 — 80 —
8.0 — 60^I- 300

30-|=- 200
300 — 8.5 - 60
20
H—
50
40
9.0 — lOsi Er 100
200 — ; 8^|f- 80 30
- IE L 60
9.5 — 4-1i- 50 20
- 3-i |- 40 g: 800
|- 30 400
10.0 — 2-=
100 — 10
=- 20 200 8
_ 1.5 — —
10.5 — 1.4 — — 100 6
60 - 1.3 — : 5
^ 1.2 — ~ 10
40 4
11.0 — - F- 8
1.1 — I- 20 3
" 6
|- 5
20 11.5 - 1.05-- ir 4 S= 10 2
1.04-
1.03- i- 3
12.0 — 1.02 - f-
E- 2
1.01 ~i

0 — 1.005 —

Figure 4SOO-CO2:3. Nomograph for evaluation of carbonate alkalinity. To use: Align temperature (Scale 1) and total dissolved solids (Scale 3); pivot on
Line 2 to proper pH (Scale 4) and read constant on Scale 5; locate constant on Scale 6 and align with nonhydroxide alkalinity (found with
aid of Figure 4500-CC>2:1) on Scale 7; read carbonate alkalinity on Scale 8. (Example: For 13°C temperature, 240 mg total dissolved solids/
L, pH 9.8, and 140 mg alkalinity/L, the carbonate content is found to be 50 mg as CaCO3/L.)

I
4-30 INORGANIC NONMETALS (4000)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (2) (7)

Temperature, Pivot Total dissolved pH Free C02, Pivot Bicarbonate
C° line, solids, mg/L line, alkalinity,
P, mg/L mg/L
50 50
55~^?^45 8 0 0- -9 . 0
60 -- 40
700 ~.
65 -_ 7 35
:- 2
600^
70 - 30
3
75 - - 25 4
5
400- 6
80 — 0.1 -i
8
— 20 10
300 -

0.5 15
1 20
200-
- 7.5 2 30
90 —- 3
40
5; 50
-- 10 10 ; 60
95 -. 80
- 7.0 - -"20-
30 100
50; 150
100
100 -- 5 200
200
- 6.5 300 300
Key
(1) -(3) 500 • 400
(4) - (7) 500
(2)-(6) 1000 ;
600
L 2000 - 800
0 0 --1- 6.0

Figure 4500-CO2:4. Nomograph for evaluation of free carbon dioxide content. To use: Align temperature (Scale 1) and total dissolved solids (Scale 3), which
determines Point P, on Line 2; align pH (Scale 4) and bicarbonate alkalinity (Scale 7), which determines Point P2 on Line 6; align P, and
P2 and read free carbon dioxide on Scale 5. (Example: For 13°C temperature, 560 mg total dissolved solids/L, pH 7.4, and 320 mg alkalinity/
L, the free carbon dioxide content is found to be 28 mg/L.)